Because the lamp in mounted in this microscope with the socket up, large amounts of heat are concentrated in the lampsocket. You are also drawing a lot of current through the connections. Check the cables that connect the power supply to the lamp, there are two, a long one and a short one. You are looking for damage to the connectors, four of them. Changing these cables or assuring that the contacts are clean and tight may solve the problem.
Don't know if anyone makes something commercially, but a lamp current control based on feedback from sampling the light intensity should do it.
Woody
} -----Original Message----- } From: Doug Cromey [mailto:Cromey-at-Arizona.edu] } Sent: Friday, February 01, 2002 4:04 PM } To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: LM: lamp stability problems in time-lapse } } } -------------------------------------------------------------- } ---------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society } of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -------------------------------------------------------------- } ---------. } } } Listers, } } We have an Olympus IMT-2 set up for time lapse imaging using } DIC. During } our over-night exposures we find that the lamp does not } provide consistent } illumination, dimming occasionally. This makes for somewhat } less than } satisfactory movies. Is there a way we could make the lamp } more stable? } } Details: 50W tungsten bulb, electrical power goes through a } UPS before it } enters the microscope, the lamp is typically at a setting of } about 10/12 on } the LCD, I will concede that the UPS is old & I'm unsure of } the state of } the batteries, although I'm inclined more to believe its the } lamp or lamp } housing. } } Thanks for your comments. } } Doug } } .................................................................... } : Douglas W. Cromey, M.S. Dept. of Cell Biology & Anatomy : } : Research Specialist, Principal University of Arizona : } : (office: AHSC 4212A) P.O. Box 245044 : } : (voice: 520-626-2824) Tucson, AZ 85724-5044 USA : } : (FAX: 520-626-2097) (email: Cromey-at-Arizona.edu) : } :...................................................................: } http://swehsc.pharmacy.arizona.edu/exppath/ } Home of: "Microscopy and Imaging Resources on the WWW" } }
I agree with Gary Gaugler in general but, if you only need to power a 50w light source, a good, adjustable, regulated power supply for this alone (12 volts, 5 amps???) can be obtained for much less than $500. Just run the lamp directly from this.
Jim P.
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-- ********************************************** Prof. James B. Pawley, Ph. 608-263-3147 Room 223, Zoology Research Building, FAX 608-265-5315 1117 Johnson Ave., Madison, WI, 53706 JBPAWLEY-at-FACSTAFF.WISC.EDU 3D Microscopy of Living Cells Course, June 10 - 20, 2002, UBC, Vancouver Canada Info: http://www.3dcourse.ubc.ca/ Applications due by March 15, 2002
There has been a recent thread discussing methods for using Photoshop to place micron markers on micrographs. One thing that people seemed to want was a method to directly use the (presumably known) image magnification to create the final result. In response, I've created a plug-in for Photoshop (and compatible programs) that does this. You enter the magnification of the image (e.g., 1000x), the dpi with which it was acquired (e.g., 300 dpi for your scanner, or the corresponding pixel spacing for your camera), and the length of the bar you desire (in microns), and the program draws and labels the bar in the lower right corner of the image using the selected foreground and background colors. Using a Photoshop action, you can easily apply this procedure to an entire folder of images.
This plug-in is freely downloadable for use on either Mac or Windows computers from the ReindeerGraphics web site, at {http://www.reindeergraphics.com/free.html#entermag} . It can be used on 8 and 16 bit grey scale images or 24 or 48 bit RGB color images. While it is compatible with the Fovea Pro and Image Processing Tool Kit software, it does not require them (but please do see what other kinds of processing and measurement are available when you visit the web site).
If you have comments on the plug-in, or urgent needs for other features or capabilities, please let me know.
Very good point, Jim. Yes indeed. For one little lamp, a regulated DC supply will do nicely. I use these myself as well. The only area of concern, or potential difficulty, is mating the lamp itself to the supply. If I recall the IMT-2 correctly, it has a separate lamp house with interconnecting cable to the un-regulated AC supply in the stand. She would either have to find a mating connector to affix to the DC supply or whack off the current connector and do whatever is necessary to mate with the DC supply. Either way, it is definitely cheaper than a dual conversion UPS.
Powerware makes lower VA rating units, down to I think 500 VA. These units are a few hundred dollars. I used to use DC supplies for 'scope lamps but with all of the bad power problems last year here in California, the dual conversion UPS solved many problems. I got way larger units than I probably needed, only to ensure long backup time.
A good source of supply for various DC supplies is http://www.digikey.com
By all means, do not get a B&K 10Amp unit. It has a soft start over-current feature which will trip with a halogen lamp. When cold, they have low resistance and have high starting current. I found out the hard way about the B&K.
gary g.
At 11:09 AM 2/2/2002, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Try http://www.carnoy.org/ - you can download Carnoy program from this web site. Carnoy is $15 shareware. It is written at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, in Netherlands http://www.kuleuven.ac.be .
First you have to calibrate the software for a particular instrument by measuring known features of images taken with calibration sample at various magnifications. Result of each measurement has to be written into the menu along with the magnification value. Once set, use of the program becomes simple. Just open the image file, then open the menu, choose magnification value, length unit (from kilometer to nanometer- it will also work for maps), number of units (length of the scale bar), and appearance of the scale bar and characters (color, height, and location), and click OK. Program will automatically superimpose scale bar and a legend on the image. All these things can be set as default. Then only 3 clicks will put scale bar on the image (open menu, choose mag., click OK).
You can undo the scale bar before the image file is saved, but once saved, scale bar becomes part of the image.
Other features will allow you to define and count particles, measure perimeters and densities, and convert image files into various formats back and forth.
The only inconvenience which I encountered while using Carnoy software was somewhat different response of the controls, as compared with expected response of a standard Windows program. But technical support via e-mail was adequate.
Disclaimer: SIA does not have any financial interest in Carnoy software. We are just satisfied customers.
Vitaly Feingold Scientific Instruments and Applications 2773 Heath Lane, Duluth GA 30096 (770)232-7785 ph. (770)232-1791 fax (678)467-0012 mobile
This message is made of 100% recycled electrons. ----- Original Message ----- } From: {"kellymcg-at-seas.upenn.edu"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} To: {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} Sent: Thursday, January 31, 2002 2:53 PM
You can get power supplies that have sensing circuits built in them. I would require some interface circuitry to be build to lock the power supply to the light output.
Gordon
Gordon Couger Stillwater, OK www.couger.com/gcouger
: Don't know if anyone makes something commercially, but a lamp current : control based on feedback from sampling the light intensity should do it. : : Woody : : } -----Original Message----- : } From: Doug Cromey [mailto:Cromey-at-Arizona.edu] : } Sent: Friday, February 01, 2002 4:04 PM : } To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com : } Subject: LM: lamp stability problems in time-lapse : } : } : } -------------------------------------------------------------- : } ---------- : } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society : } of America : } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to : } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com : } On-Line Help : } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html : } -------------------------------------------------------------- : } ---------. : } : } : } Listers, : } : } We have an Olympus IMT-2 set up for time lapse imaging using : } DIC. During : } our over-night exposures we find that the lamp does not : } provide consistent : } illumination, dimming occasionally. This makes for somewhat : } less than : } satisfactory movies. Is there a way we could make the lamp : } more stable? : } : } Details: 50W tungsten bulb, electrical power goes through a : } UPS before it : } enters the microscope, the lamp is typically at a setting of : } about 10/12 on : } the LCD, I will concede that the UPS is old & I'm unsure of : } the state of : } the batteries, although I'm inclined more to believe its the : } lamp or lamp : } housing. : } : } Thanks for your comments. : } : } Doug : } : } .................................................................... : } : Douglas W. Cromey, M.S. Dept. of Cell Biology & Anatomy : : } : Research Specialist, Principal University of Arizona : : } : (office: AHSC 4212A) P.O. Box 245044 : : } : (voice: 520-626-2824) Tucson, AZ 85724-5044 USA : : } : (FAX: 520-626-2097) (email: Cromey-at-Arizona.edu) : : } :...................................................................: : } http://swehsc.pharmacy.arizona.edu/exppath/ : } Home of: "Microscopy and Imaging Resources on the WWW" : } : } : :
After doing a bit of searching myself, I posted a request to a mailing list for The Gimp, asking how one might write a script to enter scale bars, using existing images at various magnifications. The Gimp (GNU Image Manipulation Program) is a free software project that works on GNU/Linux or Windoze, I think, as well as Mac OS/X, I think also. It is highly capable.
I wanted to show that there are other ways to do things than the old, hackneyed solutions.
Alan Davis
Begin forwarded message:
We had a similar problem with a metallograph. As it turned out, the dealer included bulbs with oxidized leads. This led to arcing and subsequent damage to the socket. We polished the contacting surfaces in the socket, sputter coated them with gold, returned the old bulbs to the dealer and purchased bulbs from another dealer with newer stock. The illumination is stable and we haven't replaced a bulb in many years.
At 01:09 PM 2/2/2002 -0600, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (gtg457a-at-prism.gatech.edu) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Sunday, February 3, 2002 at 12:54:22 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: gtg457a-at-prism.gatech.edu Name: Christal Moore
Organization: Georgia Institute of Technology
Education: Undergraduate College
Location: Atlanta, GA USA
Question: My group in a class is working on a project pertaining to electron microscopy. We do know that current imaging methods either have lower spatial resolution or lack the temporal acquisition capability. We are looking to for a new method or a new way of using existing ones that would have spatial resolution sufficient for depicting the smallest possible cellular structures, and temporal resolution suitable for visualizing as many cellular processes as possible. We have just begun researching electron microscopy and do not know that much about it, such as to why are there are obstacles with the spatial resolution and temporal resolution? Do you know of any new methods you could share with the group, or perhaps a good staring point for us to being searching? Also, is it possible to view cellular processes? What are the steps for doing so? Do you suggest any other experts to contact? Thank you for your time.
We are hoping to stain the nuclei of polychaete worm larvae with propidium iodide. The problem is that due to small sample size, it's kind of a "one-shot" deal and I have no protocol to refer to for concentrations of stain to use. I've searched the web and found protocols saying everything between 0.5mg/ml for sea urchin larvae to 1 micromolar for Xenopus embryos. Should we err on the side of excess and go with the really high concentration?
Background prep info: fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in sea water labeled with anti-tubulin FITC-conj. antibody
The info sheets from Molecular Probes also recommends RNAse pretreatment. Do people have input on this?
Thanks, Pauline Yu Manahan Research Lab http://www.usc.edu/manahanlab
------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
After doing a bit of searching myself, I posted a request to a mailing list for The Gimp, asking how one might write a script to enter scale bars, using existing images at various magnifications. The Gimp (GNU Image Manipulation Program) is a free software project that works on GNU/Linux or Windoze, I think, as well as Mac OS/X, I think also. It is highly capable.
I wanted to show that there are other ways to do things than the old, hackneyed solutions.
Alan Davis
Begin forwarded message:
?Xianglin,
Melting temperature of AlSb = 1338K (J. Phys. Chem. Solids 36 (1975) p.931) microhardness of AlSb = 413 kg /mm2 or 359 kg/mm2(From Landolt-Bornstein, vol 17, semiconductors, Springer 1982) Good luck.
Young W. Kim, Ph.D. Research Professor School of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University Kwanak-ku Shinlim-dong San 56-1 Seoul, Republic of Korea 151-744
-----Original Message----- } From: Xianglin Li [mailto:Xianglin_Li-at-student.uml.edu] Sent: Monday, February 04, 2002 1:54 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Hi, all
I am looking for some parameters of III-V semiconductors. If you can help me, I will very appreciate for that.
1. Melting point of AlSb. 2. Hardness (on the Mohs scale) of GaN, AlSb, and InSb.
Thanks in advance!
Sincerely yours, Xianglin
Center for Advanced Material Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts, Lowell Xianglin_Li-at-student.uml.edu Tel: 978-934-3411
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (pooley-at-tidewater.net) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Sunday, February 3, 2002 at 19:28:15 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: pooley-at-tidewater.net Name: Alan S. Pooley, PhD
Organization: retired, volunteer at Umaine marine center
Education: Graduate College
Location: Newcastle & Walpole Maine
Question: Is there a good, relatively cheap digitizer (at least 1024 or 2048 square pixels) for the Zeiss DSM940A SEM? Company name or web site info sought please
I was recently sent some images for image analysis. Unfortunately they in .VTI file format. Is there any software which can convert to .BMP or .TIF format?
Rosemary, Sometimes that information can be found in the MSDS (sorry, Material Data Safety Sheet - required in the US) for the chemical. VWR has them on line (probably others do, also).
Ken Converse owner Quality Images third party SEM service Delta, PA
Rosemary White wrote:
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Does anyone have a triocular LOMO head attachment MFN-11 on the microscope? I’m a beginner and I’d like to talk about microphotography concerning: Kind of B/W film Focusing of specimen on the film plane inside the camera Filters Optical microscope setup Exposure film time
I have some qusetions about EM of bacteriophages. They are double-stranded DNA phages for the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae.
1. Negative staining. Could someone suggest a good stain and protocol for this type of bacteriophage?
2. Embedding in resin. The bacteriophages will be attached to bacteria on an agar plate. Can anyone suggest a good way to handle them. I suspect if I just cut out a piece of agar I could lose a lot of sample during dehydration.
Thanks in advance
Dave
---------------------------------------- Patton, David Email: David.Patton-at-uwe.ac.uk "University of the West of England"
I do not know any software that can do this, but you could try ctrl+print screen to copy screen and ctrl+insert to paste the file in windows paint program or any other program. After you insert the image crop it and save in BMP format. If you have any problems e-mail me.
Pavel Lozovyy Argo-Tech SEM lab atcsem-at-earthlink.net
} ... } ... I've created a plug-in for Photoshop (and compatible } programs) that does this. You enter the magnification } of the image (e.g., 1000x), the dpi with which it was acquired } ... } } This plug-in is freely downloadable ... at } {http://www.reindeergraphics.com/free.html#entermag} . ...
Thanks John. I wonder however ... what I had noticed fo a variety of image acquisition systems, that a specific constant was needed. That is, even for a specific SEM which indicated the magnification, I had to use a different magnification constant depending on the acquisition software (e.g., JEOL's own or alternative Oxford). How would your plugin address this? (I can tell you one one method, vs the other, acquired only a portion of the other ... e.g., the Oxford acquired a square image from the center of the rectangular JEOL image)
My own method was to create a printable spreadsheet for my SEM users, which (depending on acquisition method) would indicate the "length of a selection box" for a given magnification. This also allowed for user preferred fonts, micron-bar placement, and style (e.g., simple line, outlined box, black on white, W/B, or color). It certainly wasn't automatic, but it was the only way to accommodate users' presentation preferences.
I've dealt with this problem (supply voltage fluctuation of a few volts) by using a constant voltage transformer (SOLA). The problem with the UPS it that it tracks the supply voltage. The only time the UPS' regulated output kicks in is when the supply voltage disappears. My biggest complaint with the Sola transformer is that it is mechanically noisy, so it gets annoying to be in the area for a long time. They also put out a little electrical noise, but if you can physically isolate the transformer and put it on a separate circuit from your analytical instrumentation, then that shouldn't be much of a problem. Most instrumentation has decent filtering on the power line, anyhow.
For critical work, the light output feedback is the best, assuming you can get a sensor mounted somewhere.
Bill William A. Heeschen, Ph.D. The Dow Chemical Company Microscopy, Digital Imaging 1897 Bldg, E-84 / 2040 Bldg, 1330 waheeschen-at-dow.com voice: 989-636-4005 fax: 989-638-6443
-----Original Message----- } From: Gordon Couger [mailto:gcouger-at-couger.com] Sent: Sunday, February 03, 2002 1:30 AM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
You can get power supplies that have sensing circuits built in them. I would require some interface circuitry to be build to lock the power supply to the light output.
Gordon
Gordon Couger Stillwater, OK www.couger.com/gcouger
: Don't know if anyone makes something commercially, but a lamp current : control based on feedback from sampling the light intensity should do it. : : Woody : : } -----Original Message----- : } From: Doug Cromey [mailto:Cromey-at-Arizona.edu] : } Sent: Friday, February 01, 2002 4:04 PM : } To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com : } Subject: LM: lamp stability problems in time-lapse : } : } : } -------------------------------------------------------------- : } ---------- : } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society : } of America : } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to : } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com : } On-Line Help : } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html : } -------------------------------------------------------------- : } ---------. : } : } : } Listers, : } : } We have an Olympus IMT-2 set up for time lapse imaging using : } DIC. During : } our over-night exposures we find that the lamp does not : } provide consistent : } illumination, dimming occasionally. This makes for somewhat : } less than : } satisfactory movies. Is there a way we could make the lamp : } more stable? : } : } Details: 50W tungsten bulb, electrical power goes through a : } UPS before it : } enters the microscope, the lamp is typically at a setting of : } about 10/12 on : } the LCD, I will concede that the UPS is old & I'm unsure of : } the state of : } the batteries, although I'm inclined more to believe its the : } lamp or lamp : } housing. : } : } Thanks for your comments. : } : } Doug : } : } .................................................................... : } : Douglas W. Cromey, M.S. Dept. of Cell Biology & Anatomy : : } : Research Specialist, Principal University of Arizona : : } : (office: AHSC 4212A) P.O. Box 245044 : : } : (voice: 520-626-2824) Tucson, AZ 85724-5044 USA : : } : (FAX: 520-626-2097) (email: Cromey-at-Arizona.edu) : : } :...................................................................: : } http://swehsc.pharmacy.arizona.edu/exppath/ : } Home of: "Microscopy and Imaging Resources on the WWW" : } : } : :
I have set of images with different magnifications in Photoshop .psd format with additional layers with micron bars on them. Now I can just drag and drop layer with micron bar on new images with the same magnification after I crop them. It works fine for me since number of images in publications and presentations anyway is quite limited. Of course, it is possible to use Photoshop's "automate" to place micron bars on many images with the same magnification.
To create image with micron bar for copying: 1. create new layer 2. draw micron bar with the same length as original bar. 3. using Type Tool type N Microns (or millimeters or whatever else), new (third) layer will be created automatically 4. make background layer invisible 5. click on layer-} merge visible 6. make background visible again 7. save in .psd format with name "Magnification M"
Vladimir
Vladimir M. Dusevich, Ph.D. Electron Microscope Lab Manager 3127 School of Dentistry 650 E. 25th Street Kansas City, MO 64108-2784
I know that this has been asked before but I just want to see if there has been any updated software. I would like to know what is available out there for online scheduling of equipment. Thanks. ______________________________ Roberto Garcia rgarcia-at-unity.ncsu.edu http://spm.aif.ncsu.edu/aif http://spm.aif.ncsu.edu/asm
Dear Christal, First, let me wish your group the best of luck with this project, it is a difficult but worthwhile undertaking. The problem with obtaining spatial and temporal resolution is a complex one. To start I will point out one of the fundamentals of microscopy, the Abbe equation: (I would suggest visiting this web site for a better explanation: http://lsvl.la.asu.edu/bio598L/notes/lightlenses/ ) resolution = (0.612 x l) / (n sin a)
l = (wavelength of light) n = refractive index of medium between the objective lens and the specimen. a = the aperture angle, which is half the angle of the cone of light from the specimen accepted by the front lens objective. This is also called the half aperture angle. (n sin a) is the 'numerical aperture' of a lens, and is usually printed on the side of objectives for light microscopes.
What is important to note is that resolution is a function of essentially two things, your lens and the light you are using. More specifically, the wavelength of the light is related to resolution in such a way that shorter wavelength = better resolution. Electron microscopes achieve their remarkable spatial resolution through the use of electrons as the 'light'. The wavelengths of visible light are in the range of 400-700 nm; electrons have a considerably shorter wavelength, about 0.005nm (recall that matter behaves as a particle and also as a wave). It is because of this shorter wavelength that electron microscopes have such excellent spatial resolution. So, electron microscopes have excellent spatial resolution; why don't they have temporal resolution as well? Temporal resolution is the ability to see change over time. To see a cellular process change over time, you must be looking at a live cell. Unfortunately, it is not possible to do this with an electron microscope for a number of reasons (there are probably others, but these are the most obvious, at least to me). The first has to do with the fact that electrons are very easily scattered when they pass into/through matter; electrons are so easily scattered that the tube of electron microscopes must be pumped down to a vacuum so that the air in the column doesn't scatter the electron beam! If electrons have a hard time traveling through air, one can imagine that the relatively denser matter of a biological specimen would be nearly impenetrable. To make it possible for electrons to get through a specimen, you have to cut the specimen into very thin sections. A typical eukaryotic cell might be on the order of 10-15 microns thick; most sections for transmission electron microscopy are around 0.1 microns thick. After sectioning a specimen, electrons will pass through it. The challenge then becomes being able to distinguish cellular structures. A professor of mine once compared this to looking for chunks of clear Jell-O in a swimming pool. The problem is that electrons (and light in general) pass through most cell components in the same way. To get contrast you have to stain specimens with an electron dense material, usually a heavy metal stain such as Osmium tetroxide (OsO4). So this gives us three major reasons why living cells hate electron microscopy: 1. specimens must be placed in a vacuum while they are being viewed 2. you have to cut the specimen into very thin sections 3. electron dense stains (such as OsO4) are usually highly toxic None of these conditions are compatible with living cells. To make matters even worse, it is necessary to imbed specimens in a plastic resin for them to hold their shape during sectioning (otherwise it's a bit like slicing a tomato with a butter knife). For information on microscopic techniques currently in use I would recommend the following web sites: University of Arizona's web site list http://swehsc.pharmacy.arizona.edu/exppath/micro/index.html Lance Ladic's site on confocal microscopy http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/ladic/overview.html You may also want to visit the home pages for the major microscope manufacturers, such as Zeiss, Leica, Olympus, Nikon, BioRad, etc. Again, best of luck to you. -- Russell McConnell Confocal Imaging Facility Technician Department of Neuroscience Tufts University School of Medicine M&V Building room #137 136 Harrison Ave. Boston, MA 02111 Tel. (617) 636-3795
gtg457a-at-prism.gatech.edu wrote: } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was } submitted by (gtg457a-at-prism.gatech.edu) from } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Sunday, } February 3, 2002 at 12:54:22 } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Email: gtg457a-at-prism.gatech.edu } Name: Christal Moore } } Organization: Georgia Institute of Technology } } Education: Undergraduate College } } Location: Atlanta, GA USA } } Question: My group in a class is working on a project pertaining to } electron microscopy. We do know that current imaging methods either } have lower spatial resolution or lack the temporal acquisition } capability. We are looking to for a new method or a new way of using } existing ones that would have spatial resolution sufficient for } depicting the smallest possible cellular structures, and temporal } resolution suitable for visualizing as many cellular processes as } possible. We have just begun researching electron microscopy and do } not know that much about it, such as to why are there are obstacles } with the spatial resolution and temporal resolution? Do you know of } any new methods you could share with the group, or perhaps a good } staring point for us to being searching? Also, is it possible to } view cellular processes? What are the steps for doing so? Do you } suggest any other experts to contact? Thank you for your time. } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
I operate a JEOL 848 SEM but am limited to less than 30,000x due to at least two frequencies of external noise. The service engineers from JEOL have determined the noise is not due to the SEM. I will be conducting as much of a room survey as possible later in February but I am hoping to obtain some insight into common testing formats, noise sources, and solutions. From what I have been able to learn so far, this noise reduction is something of an art rather than science. Thank you in advance from this microscopist with much to learn.
Sola magnetic resonance transformers are good for this application. However, they are not cheap--especially as their VA rating increases. And yes, they get noisy.
For critical work, I suggest either a regulated DC supply or a dual conversion UPS. The dual conversion UPS never "kicks in" but rather is always producing regulated (frequency and voltage) AC from DC. The DC is either that from rectified line voltage or from the UPS batteries.
gary g.
At 06:43 AM 2/4/2002 , you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Have any of you compared the Nikon Coolpix 995 (or earlier) with the Olympus C-4040 (or earlier) mounted on a light microscope? They are both comsumer-level digital cameras with about the same technology, and so I'm wondering if there is any reason to choose one over the other. The Olympus has better features on paper, so I'm hoping to hear from someone who uses one. This will be used to supplement the Magnafire SP I'm proposing to buy, since I need a camera that will fit into the eyepiece of our confocal.
Mahalo! Tina
**************************************************************************** * Tina (Weatherby) Carvalho * tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu * * Biological Electron Microscope Facility * (808) 956-6251 * * University of Hawaii at Manoa * http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bemf* ****************************************************************************
I have been trying to image with negative stain, protein chains and protein dimers with 2.0% Uranyl Acetate. It seems when I pipet onto the grid, various dilutions (10-100x) of the buffered protein dimer sample, I get alot of protein chain formation. I want the dimer form to stay in that configuration-- not link up into chains. I am photographing at 100,000 using 75 kv on a traditional Hitachi 7100 TEM.
Does anyone out there work with these types of specimen? Is there a special way to prep the grid, dry the grid, etc.? Should I use some other type of grid besides the formvar/carbon coated copper grid? Should I sonicate the specimen before I place the sample on the grid?
Thanks for any help you can provide.
Karen Bentley, M.S. (previously Jensen) Associate Scientist & Project Manager Electron Microscope Research Core University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY 14642 585-275-1954
Don't be too quick to accept the service engineers claim that the SEM is not the source of noise in the image. When they can't easily figure out what the problem is, it is too easy for them to blame the "fields," because it is something not well understood by most people. I went through all of the field service people, the service people at the JEOL headquarters in Massachusetts, and an "expert" from Japan. The expert's final conclusion was that the problem was caused by the fields in the room, and not our new SEM. A while later, we moved the SEM some miles down the road to a different building. We had JEOL check the room before moving in, and they blessed the room. When we had the exact same problem, I had a discussion with the people in Massachusetts. Eventually, we had a repaired system that provided excellent images. This all took way too long to resolve. The only company that I am aware of having intimate knowledge of their systems "noise" was Amray. They used a spectrum analyzer on the system, and identified every source of every frequency.
Good luck! Your problem will, most likely, not be this difficult. Darrell
"Curtis Olson" {COlson-at-scpglobal.com} on 02/04/2002 01:12:43 PM
To: {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} cc:
I operate a JEOL 848 SEM but am limited to less than 30,000x due to at least two frequencies of external noise. The service engineers from JEOL have determined the noise is not due to the SEM. I will be conducting as much of a room survey as possible later in February but I am hoping to obtain some insight into common testing formats, noise sources, and solutions. From what I have been able to learn so far, this noise reduction is something of an art rather than science. Thank you in advance from this microscopist with much to learn.
I am a student at Scottsdale Community College. I am working with an ISI SX-40 Scanning Electron Microscope. It has an old polaroid camera that snaps a picture of a CRT image. I am looking for options(and donated equipment) to put these images on to a PC, the big problem is I am on a very tight budget($800) so I am very willing to look for used equipment (card or camera or info) . This machine is old and did not work at all. Over the past 8 months or so I have rebuilt the diffusion pump, roughing pump, new seals, column cleaning, and learned basic operation by myself with this apparatus. And I have learned a lot from following this list server, so I wanted to send out a big thanx to all the listers. Thank you in advance for your time and consideration. Any and all input is appreciated
Wil Kunkel Student Extraordinaire
This email was sent with 100.00% recycled electrons.
I would start with a close inspection of the power supplied to the SEM. Although measuring for stray fields and floor vibration may be in order, a good place to begin is with the A/C power and the potential for ground loops if wired common or shared with other equipment. The ground terminal into the microscope main power supply can often be a good source of noise.
On a positive note, if this noise is a problem as low as 30KX it should be somewhat easier to find.
Regards,
Bob Roberts EM Lab Services, Inc. Tempe, Arizona 85284
Curtis Olson wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Announcing the Seventh Annual INTERNATIONAL 11-Day Short Course on
3D Microscopy of Living Cells, June 10 - 20, 2002
Sixth, Post-course Workshop on, 3D Image Processing, June 22 - 24, 2002
Organized by Prof. James Pawley, University of Wisconsin-Madison
in association with the, UBC Brain Research Centre, Prof. Max Cynader, Director. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
(CORRECTION!! some early brochures were sent out with an incorrect URL. Course info can be found at: ht tp://www.3dcourse.ubc.ca)
THE PURPOSE OF THE COURSE
Modern methods of 3D light microscopy promise a revolutionary improvement in our ability to view living cells. To help convert this promise to reality for a wider selection of biological scientists, the organizers have designed an intensive eleven-day residential course concentrating on all aspects of the 3D Microscopy of Living Cells. Sponsored by the Brain Research Centre at the University of British Columbia, it will be held in June of 2002. The course includes 4 days on 2D techniques, 5 days of 3D techniques and 2 days on 3D measurement and display. It includes everything from basic microscopy to confocal and multiphoton microscopy. A half-day Pre-course is offered for those wishing to brush up on (very!) basic optics.
INTERNATIONAL FACULTY o Stephen Adams University of California-SD o Dan Axelrod University of Michigan o Mark Cannell University of Auckland, NZ o Rainer Duden Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, UK o Ping Chin Cheng SUNY, Buffalo o Stefan Hell Max Planck Institute, Goettingen o Alan Hibbs BioCon, Melbourne, Australia o Iain Johnson Molecular Probes, OR o Larry Keenan Cell Robotics, NM o Ernst Keller Carl Zeiss, Thornwood, NY o Andres Kriete Tissue Informatics, Pittsburgh o Glen MacDonald Virginia Bloedel Hearing Inst, WA o Irina Majoul Max Planck Institute, Goettingen o Felix Margadant University of Sydney, AU o Tim Murphy University of British Columbia o Jim Pawley University of Wisconsin-Madison o Steve Potter California Institute of Technology o Badri Roysam Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY o Lee Tierney Eppendorf Scientific,Albequerque, NM o Michael Weis Agriculture Canada
APPLICATIONS Applicants will submit an application to assess knowledge level and field of interest. Enrollment will be limited to 24 - 32 participants (depending on equipment availability). Selection will be made on the basis of background and perceived need. Those with little previous LM experience will be provided with basic texts to read before the course begins, and should take the Pre-course.
Application forms and other course information from this and past years can be downloaded from the WWW site at
h ttp://www.3dcourse.ubc.ca/home.html
or obtained from:
Prof. James Pawley, Zoology Department., 1117 W. Johnson Drive, Madison, WI. Phone: 608-263-3147 fax. 608-265-5315 Email: jbpawley-at-facstaff.wisc.edu
IMPORTANT DATES Applications must be received by Mar. 15, 2002 Deposit due Apr. 15, 2002 Registration 5:00 - 7:00 pm Sunday, June 9, 2002 Intro. Lecture 7:00 PM, Sunday, June 9, 2002 Last class ends with lunch, Thursday, June 20, 2002 3D IP Workshop Saturday, June 22-24, 2002 -- **************************************** Prof. James B. Pawley, Ph. 608-263-3147 Room 223, Zoology Research Building, FAX 608-265-5315 1117 Johnson Ave., Madison, WI, 53706 JBPAWLEY-at-FACSTAFF.WISC.EDU "A scientist is not one who can answer questions but one who can question answers." Theodore Schick Jr., Skeptical Enquirer, 21-2:39
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (jhardy-at-coh.org) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Monday, February 4, 2002 at 15:28:55 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: jhardy-at-coh.org Name: John Hardy
Organization: City of Hope Medical Center
Education: Graduate College
Location: Duarte, California
Question: Does anyone have experience with, or comments about the "Image Supercharger Upgrade" by Ascend Technical Sales? It would be an add-on image processor for our "mature"(i.e. 1984) Philips 505 SEM. Please contact me off line at: jhardy-at-coh.org Thank you in advance John Hardy City of Hope Medical Center Duarte, CA (626)301-8265
------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
} Email: ever4us-at-comcast.com } Name: Denise Everett } } Organization: Pitman Middle School } } Education: 6-8th Grade Middle School } } Location: Pitman, NJ 08071 } } Question: I've recently become the science coordinator of our school } but my science background is in enzymology so I don't have alot of } experience with microscopy. We are looking to buy some new scopes } and in the process I've been looking at our old ones. The 400x } magnification is pretty unusable on these. Is that supposed to be oil } immersion use only? } These lenses are pretty dirty and have probably not been maintained. } The top objective does not come out for cleaning as far as I can see. } Do I just need to send these to a technician? } } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Denise -
I'm glad that you've asked for help; we're here to provide it. There are several topics here. First, new microscopes. Let's assume that the scopes that you have are salvageable. Since you're in a middle school, PLEASE consider purchasing "dissecting" rather than compound scopes like the ones that you have. A lot of introductory microscopy for your age group is observstion of thick specimens at lower magnifications; looking at large insects, flowers, shells, etc. So having a mix of types will greatly expand your capabilities. You'll find a detailed discussion of selection criteria on Project MICRO's website (URL below). I suggest 20x monocular dissecting scopes, wich will cost you around $75 each; sources are listed on the MICRO site and you can find an example online at www.microscopeworld.com. Your dirt diagnosis is probably accurate. It would be best if you learn to clean the scopes yourself; you'll then know how to keep them that way. The New York Microscopical Society has members and meeting rooms in New Jersey, and one of their members may be available to show you what to do; I'm copying this Email to Jean Portell {JeanDP-at-aol.com} , one of their officers. I also can provide you with detailed cleaning instructions for teachers, written by a MSA member. 400x is "high dry" - oil immersion is 1000x and inappropriate for middle school. While you're visiting the MICRO website, don't miss MSA's middle school manual, "Microscopic Explorations"; it's an excellent introduction to scientific observation and inquiry, written by the science educators at the Lawrence Hall of Science. If you want a reference book for your own use, here's another listing from the MICRO bibliography:
Nachtigall, W. 1995 Exploring With the Microscope 160 pp. hardbound. 6.5x9.5". $19.95. ISBN 0-8069-0866-1 Sterling Publishing Co., NY. Although this book is intended for adult amateur microscopists, it is well written and will provide teachers and classroom volunteers with much useful information on "serious" light microscopy; it's unequalled as a basic reference for beginners. Almost half of the book is devoted to simple preparation methods for biological specimens and descriptions (with good illustrations) of commonly encountered organisms. Adult. RECOMMENDED
Caroline
Caroline Schooley Project MICRO Coordinator Microscopy Society of America Box 117, 45301 Caspar Point Road Caspar, CA 95420 Phone/FAX (707)964-9460 Project MICRO: http://www.msa.microscopy.com/ProjectMicro/PMHomePage.html Intertidal invertebrates: http://www.fortbragg.k12.ca.us/AG/marinelab.html
I need some help in converting some raw EELS data into formats readable by either EL/P or digital micrograph. The data I have gathered is in .ZAL (Zaluzek) format. The data looks very similar to the .TAD format. Let me know if there is a program that reads .ZAL format and converts it to .TAD or even two column text. Perhaps Nestor would be able to help in this regard, right? :). Thanks in advance,
Prad
Pradyumna Prabhumirashi Dept. of Materials Science Northwestern University Phone: (847)491-7798 Fax : (847)491-7820
Hi, To create an image with a labeled micron bar in 20-30 seconds: 1. Make the info tab totally visible as a separate window on the right side of PS. 2. Crop your image. I assume you are calibrated in cm. 3. Click on the line drawing tool. 4. In the lower left corner, click where you want the marker to start. 5. Drag to the right slightly, then hold down the shift key for a perfect straight line. (Use the option tab to increase the line width (5-15 pixels).) 6. Drag to the right until the D: in the INFO window that shows the length you need on the final printed image You should take into account how you might have changed the DPI values. For example, if you scanned a neg. at 600 DPI and cut it to 200 DPI, then a negative of 10,000X will be about 30,000X on the print and the line length for 1µm should be D: 3.00 CM in INFO. This varies a bit with your printer. Use scanned graph paper to calibrate your DPI to exactly 3x. I use 196 DPI on a HP1200TN to get 3X, after scanning at 600 DPI. 7. CAREFULLY release the mouse button, then the shift key and you have your perfect line. 8. Click on the type tool and click at the position you want the text above the marker. I use centered, 15 point, crisp, black ink, ariel MT, bold, etc. 9. Type in using 15 points the length of the line; 1µm, 0.1µm, 0.3 µms, etc. 10.. Highlight the "1µm" text and copy it as a template to the clipboard for the next image. Click OK. 11. Continue to the next image.
We are in process of buying a TEM for our Science Faculty; it would be used by physicists and materials scientists, and also chemists (inorganic and organic samples).
We have a 300kV FEG machine with ultra hi res polepiece (restricted tilt). We do polymers and inorganics, no problem. We now need a LaB6 machine (budget constraint) with high tilt to be more of a Workhorse Machine.
For the sake of resolution and penetration, we are favoring a 300kV analytical TEM with ~2.1A resolution, and around 40 degrees tilt. This will be perfect for the physical scientists.
HOWEVER: The chemists are worried that they will have trouble looking at their polymer samples in a 300kV LaB6. Can someone help to support me (or correct me) in my thesis that this machine will be able to support them just as well as a 200kV machine? (I know eg that the HT can be reduced to 100 or 200kV, but the chemists are still skeptical - they have no prior TEM experience).
If there is someone with a 300kV LaB6 TEM running polymers, I would be very glad to hear from you! Any references to your papers that would show polymers imaged in a 300kV LaB6 machine would be most welcome (esp any soft copies that I can circulate to our committee).
Thanks to all in advance,
Mark
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Mark Yeadon Senior Research Fellow Institute of Materials Research and Engineering 3 Research Link Singapore 117602
Assistant Professor Department of Materials Science National University of Singapore Singapore 119260 http://www.matsci.nus.edu.sg/STAFF/Mark.html
I've been asked if the stage micrometers I use for calibrating our optical scopes are NIST-traceable. Is there such a thing and, if not, what would satisfy requirements for ISO certification in the area of metrology?
Thanks!
Dave Stadden Research Scientist Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Lancaster, PA
Bob Bloodgood, a cell biologist at the University of Virginia, has posted nice images of light microscopes on postage stamps on the web at http://www.med.virginia.edu/med-ed/cell/stamps/index.html
Caroline Schooley Project MICRO Coordinator Microscopy Society of America Box 117, 45301 Caspar Point Road Caspar, CA 95420 Phone/FAX (707)964-9460 Project MICRO: http://www.msa.microscopy.com/ProjectMicro/PMHomePage.html Intertidal invertebrates: http://www.fortbragg.k12.ca.us/AG/marinelab.html
Pawley, J.B. Strategy for Locating and Eliminating Sources of Mains Frequency Stray Magnetic Fields. Scanning 7:43-46 (1985).
Pawley, J.B. Use of Pseudo-Stereo Techniques to Detect Stray Field in the SEM. Scanning 9-3:134-136 (1987).
The matter of ground loops, and stray fields from bad house wiring are a bit complex to discuss in emails. Please excuse the self-advertisement.
Jim P.
} Curtis, } } I would start with a close inspection of the power supplied to the } SEM. Although measuring for stray fields and floor } vibration may be in order, a good place to begin is with the A/C } power and the potential for ground loops if wired common } or shared with other equipment. The ground terminal into the } microscope main power supply can often be a good source of noise. } } On a positive note, if this noise is a problem as low as 30KX it } should be somewhat easier to find. } } Regards, } } Bob Roberts } EM Lab Services, Inc. } Tempe, Arizona 85284 } } } Curtis Olson wrote: } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
-- ********************************************** Prof. James B. Pawley, Ph. 608-263-3147 Room 223, Zoology Research Building, FAX 608-265-5315 1117 Johnson Ave., Madison, WI, 53706 JBPAWLEY-at-FACSTAFF.WISC.EDU 3D Microscopy of Living Cells Course, June 10 - 20, 2002, UBC, Vancouver Canada Info: ht tp://www.3dcourse.ubc.ca/ Applications due by March 15, 2002
} From the personal responses I've been getting it seems like a lot of people haven't figured out that the Olympus C-3030 and C-4040 cameras can, indeed, be mounted on light microscopes. Olympus can supply all the adapters needed for this task, and can come in with an easier setup, better resolution, and a lower price. The main attraction of the Coolpix seems to be that it can swivel to make viewing the screen easier (I heard a rumor that this feature is about to be discontinued), but either camera would benefit by being plugged into a monitor. I haven't had a chance to compare the cameras, and was hoping to scare up someone who has. Interestingly, the ones who have replied with information have not been from the US, so local marketing must be spotty.
} From the replies so far from people who have tried both, one bought the Nikon, one bought the Olympus.
Aloha, Tina
**************************************************************************** * Tina (Weatherby) Carvalho * tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu * * Biological Electron Microscope Facility * (808) 956-6251 * * University of Hawaii at Manoa * http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bemf* ****************************************************************************
I'd like to throw out another possible option for creating micron bars on images. The PAX-it Basic Measurement Module (as an add-on for the PAX-it image database product) provides this exact capability. Similar to other software options suggested previously, the Basic Measurement Module also offers other measurement capability such as point-to-point distances, angle measurements, segmented line lengths, parallel line calipers, etc. There is also an Enhanced Measurement Module adding a range of additional features for area detection, blob counting, sizing, and sorting, etc. The measurement modules also provide direct report generating capabilities through (OLE) Automation links to MS Word, Excel, or PowerPoint.
However, what PAX-it and its measurement modules offer, that other options mentioned previously do not appear to offer, is a fully integrated relational database for images and related documents such as Word documents, Excel spreadsheets, PDF files, PowerPoint presentations. Everything relating to a project can be entered into the database as various records with searchable criteria. The database user-interface is an easy-to-understand visual presentation using file cabinets, cabinet drawers, file folders, and thumbnails of the images. And, the entire database can be placed on a file server and, with a special module, made available across internal networks or the internet to be accessed using just a standard web browser interface.
PAX-it is a commercial product and we are a reseller for the product. Hopefully this message is not inappropriate in this forum because we are not the only reseller for the product, and we are not directly soliciting sales of the product through this message. The intent is simply to raise awareness of another option for image measurement and management.
The manufacturer for PAX-it is MIS (847-455-0450) and the web page is www.paxit.com. There are multiple dealers nationwide and interested parties should contact MIS to find the dealer nearest them. (You might indicate that you became aware of the product through the Microscopy ListServer.)
-----Original Message----- } From: Beauregard [mailto:beaurega-at-westol.com] Sent: Monday, February 04, 2002 6:38 PM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Hi, To create an image with a labeled micron bar in 20-30 seconds: 1. Make the info tab totally visible as a separate window on the right side of PS. 2. Crop your image. I assume you are calibrated in cm. 3. Click on the line drawing tool. 4. In the lower left corner, click where you want the marker to start. 5. Drag to the right slightly, then hold down the shift key for a perfect straight line. (Use the option tab to increase the line width (5-15 pixels).) 6. Drag to the right until the D: in the INFO window that shows the length you need on the final printed image You should take into account how you might have changed the DPI values. For example, if you scanned a neg. at 600 DPI and cut it to 200 DPI, then a negative of 10,000X will be about 30,000X on the print and the line length for 1µm should be D: 3.00 CM in INFO. This varies a bit with your printer. Use scanned graph paper to calibrate your DPI to exactly 3x. I use 196 DPI on a HP1200TN to get 3X, after scanning at 600 DPI. 7. CAREFULLY release the mouse button, then the shift key and you have your perfect line. 8. Click on the type tool and click at the position you want the text above the marker. I use centered, 15 point, crisp, black ink, ariel MT, bold, etc. 9. Type in using 15 points the length of the line; 1µm, 0.1µm, 0.3 µms, etc. 10.. Highlight the "1µm" text and copy it as a template to the clipboard for the next image. Click OK. 11. Continue to the next image.
I have joint this group recently so, I do not know about the previous discussion. The problem about women radiation workers is that (in my opinion): At birth each female carries a lifetime supply of egg cells. These egg cells are not in their final form but anyway they can be damaged or altered when a female radiation worker is exposed to radiation any time.
To make it short, it is not only what we are doing during pregnancy, it is what we have been doing before pregnancy as well.
Recently, I had a baby and I have cancelled my experimental work at research reactors and my flights during my pregnancy.
Ayten Celik Aktas -at-UIUC
On Thu, 31 Jan 2002, Leona Cohen-Gould wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } HI Evelyn, } this question came up a while back,so you may want to scan the } archives, but here are my 2 cents... } I have a healthy, happy 9 year old son. I have been doing TEM & SEM } for 25 years. While I was "family pIanning" and pregnant, I wore } double gloves and worked in the hood when appropriate, washed my } hands frequently, followed OSHA guidelines and used common sense. I } still do (except for the double gloves part). Yes, much of what we } use can be dangerous to ourselves as well as our progeny, but with } appropriate care I don't think one needs to take a leave or stop } doing your job. } } JMHO, } Lee }
My requirements are that I have to put a label as well as a scale bar on each optical micrograph and burn CD to archive, all with GLP documentation (we are working towards a 21CFR Part 11 compliant system). I have calibrated our research microscope with various optical systems and photoeyepieces as well as a new macroscope and created about 100 scale bars. We then automated the whole process as much as we could using Actions and Droplets and a Word macro to create a label as well as a list of all the files burned on a CD by filling in a form.
Next we are hoping to be able to write a plug-in that will create a history text file to document each change to a photograph. I asked Adobe if they could do that and the person said that it would be feasible but apparently not enough demand, yet.
I evaluated the Nikon Coolpix 990 and Olympus C-3040 for use on my Olympus SZX12 stereomicroscope when working on-site. When asked, I recommend both cameras.
I chose the C-3040 because Olympus sells a fixed tubelength adapter (C2000Z-ADP) that mounts to the trinocular head of the Olympus stereomicroscope (and my Continuum infrared microscope, which was manufactured using Olympus components). The adapter makes the camera parfocal on Olympus microscopes -- no need to focus an adapter. Also, the C-3040 comes with a remote shutter release as a standard accessory.
Performance on and off the microscopes has been outstanding. In addition to making still micrographs, I use the camera to record digital video of solubility and microchemical tests for clients and colleagues. The live video out function makes focusing and instruction easy (I use a Sony Trinitron 13 monitor on road trips, or an inexpensive monochrome monitor when I fly).
I also used the camera to record my son's first rookie hit in Little League. What does the commercial say? Priceless.
James Martin Orion Analytical, LLC Post Office Box 550 Williamstown, MA 01267 t: 413-458-0233 f. 413-458-5542 www.orionanalytical.com
----- Original Message ----- } From: "Tina Carvalho" {tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu} To: "Microscopy Listserver" {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} Sent: Tuesday, February 05, 2002 1:56 PM
Are you referring to the EMSA format when you are referring to the ZAL format? If you are, there is a program in the EMSA/MAS library that I put in called "EELS_Plot" this last summer. I am about to send Nestor a newer version of this to replace it. It will plot EELS and EDS data in EMSA format and do a few other things as well. If you want to color, display, compare, subtract background, rescale, and display up to five spectra, copy to window applications, and keep notes, this program will do it. If you can't wait, send me your address, and I will send you a copy on CD.
-Scott
Scott D. Walck, Ph.D. PPG Industries, Inc. Glass Technology Center P. O. Box 11472 (letters) Guys Run Rd. (packages) Pittsburgh, PA 15238-0472
Walck-at-PPG.com
(412) 820-8651 (office) (412) 820-8515 (fax)
-----Original Message----- } From: Pradyumna Prabhumirashi [mailto:p-prabhumirashi-at-northwestern.edu] Sent: Monday, February 04, 2002 11:25 PM To: Microscopy Listserver (Microscopy Listserver)
Hello,
I need some help in converting some raw EELS data into formats readable by either EL/P or digital micrograph. The data I have gathered is in .ZAL (Zaluzek) format. The data looks very similar to the .TAD format. Let me know if there is a program that reads .ZAL format and converts it to .TAD or even two column text. Perhaps Nestor would be able to help in this regard, right? :). Thanks in advance,
Prad
Pradyumna Prabhumirashi Dept. of Materials Science Northwestern University Phone: (847)491-7798 Fax : (847)491-7820
We are using a Noran Voyager 3.3 energy dispersive analyzer to generate linescan analyses across catalyst granules. We would like to obtain the data in a spreadsheet format (like Excel or even ASCII) for use outside of the Noran system. We are able to open regular analyses saved in the MSA format but the linescans can not be saved in this format.
Does anyone know how this could be done?
As always, we are very appreciative of any help that you might provide.
JB
-- ############################################################## John J. Bozzola, Ph.D., Director I.M.A.G.E. (Integrated Microscopy & Graphics Expertise) 750 Communications Drive - MC 4402 Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901 U.S.A. Phone: 618-453-3730 Fax: 618-453-2665 Email: bozzola-at-siu.edu Web: http://www.siu.edu/departments/shops/cem.html ##############################################################
In a message dated 2/5/02 5:11:37 PM, neuberger1234-at-attbi.com writes:
} Next we are hoping to be able to write a plug-in that will create a history } text file to document each change to a photograph. I asked Adobe if they } could do that and the person said that it would be feasible but apparently } not enough demand, yet.
The need to document each step in the image processing chain is also important for forensic applications. You should check with Chris Russ at Reindeer Graphics (jcr6-at-AOL.com), who has been working on that need and may have some ideas or even a plug-in for you to use.
What worked for this lab was to ask the female employee in question to inform you when she intended to become pregnant and then to arrange for someone in the lab to take responsibility for sample preparation during the "intention period", 9 months of pregnancy, the maternity leave and the additional months during which the mother was nursing the child. This amounted to a substantial amount of time in our case but I felt better about taking on the added responsibility rather than deal with possibly serious consequences after the fact. Rosemary Walsh
Dr. Russ, We have already contacted Chris and are working on an agreement to help us, or write for us, the plug-in(s). though someone who reports to me is handling this, I will be calling Chris myself to discuss it. It is something that I would like to make available to everybody when done, perhaps through the IPTK next version.
Damian Neuberger P.S. I hope that I can take the class this time around, last time I had to cancel due to travel restrictions.
----- Original Message ----- } From: {DrJohnRuss-at-aol.com} To: {neuberger1234-at-attbi.com} ; {microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} Sent: Tuesday, February 05, 2002 6:34 PM
To whom it may concern:
I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of Technology. I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we must solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I hope will get answered ASAP:
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for microscopy rather than light? 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with the spatial resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the electron microscope?
Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in helping me understand more of this subject.
Sincerely, Jenny Wang
------------------------------------------------- Sent through Cyberbuzz- A Server for the Students http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/
I am looking around for information about geometry based algorithms for analysis of microscopy images. I have some experience with this kind of algorithms, which are extremely powerful but somewhat CPU-hungry and I am looking for improvements.
On the top my personal website you will find examples about what I mean with geometry based analysis of microscopy images of cells and tissues:
} We are using a Noran Voyager 3.3 energy dispersive analyzer to } generate linescan analyses across catalyst granules. We would like to } obtain the data in a spreadsheet format (like Excel or even ASCII) } for use outside of the Noran system. We are able to open regular } analyses saved in the MSA format but the linescans can not be saved } in this format. } } Does anyone know how this could be done?
I have written an application to read the various Voyager file formats (.eds,.lscan,.grey,.xray) on a PC and display/export data in text format. For the linescan format it will display the image file with line and each of the linescans graphs. These can be exported to a text file for use in Excel, etc. I can let you have a copy of this if you wish.
David Vowles Electron Microscope Unit Dept of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge Pembroke St Cambridge UK CB2 3QZ Tel: +44 1223 334325 Fax: +44 1223 334567 Email: djv23-at-cam.ac.uk
I am looking around for information about geometry based algorithms for analysis of microscopy images. I have some experience with this kind of algorithms, which are extremely powerful but somewhat CPU-hungry and I am looking for improvements.
On the top my personal website you will find examples about what I mean with geometry based analysis of microscopy images of cells and tissues:
I think your instructor's hope would be that you figured out the answers to class problems on your own. Asking an expert in the field and then simply regurgitating that information is a worthless exercise. If you are going to invest the time and money required to earn a degree, you might want to try to learn something along the way. I am a big supporter of listservers but hate to see them used in this way.
} } } To whom it may concern: } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of } Technology. } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we must } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I hope will } get answered ASAP: } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for } microscopy } rather than light? } 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with the spatial } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? } 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the electron } microscope? } } Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in helping me } understand more of this subject. } } Sincerely, } Jenny Wang } } ------------------------------------------------- } Sent through Cyberbuzz- A Server for the Students } http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/
-- Thomas E. Phillips, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Director, Molecular Cytology Core Facility
3 Tucker Hall Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211-7400 (573)-882-4712 (voice) (573)-882-0123 (fax)
as you have probably noticed, 21CFR Part 11 is a pretty tough cookie, and in fact involves more than one piece of software. If you read it closely, you'll find that it involves the operating system, as well as Operating Procedures, which are outside the realm of any single software. We have found a solution to this, but I don't want to advertise this here, so please contact me off-line if you are interested.
Also, regarding the micron bars, I'd like to mention, that this is always an afterthought for Photoshop. John Russ has done a good job providing some features to put a scale bar on the image, but for a comprehensive solution, I think there are other solutions. We, for example (and other programs probably as well) make sure, that an image is calibrated from the start by either reding the calibration or magnification from the instrument or entering the magnification by hand. The scale bar is then displayed at any time in the viewport. We found, that a scale bar attached to the image or the overlay is not the best solution in many cases. For example, if you have a large image, the size of the scale bar depends on the "screen magnification": if you set that to 100%, the scale bar has a good size to see, but you may not see it because the image does not fit on the screen. If you fit the image to the screen, the scale bar may be too small to read. We tried to solve this problem by calculating the scale bar dynamically and displaying it as a part of the viewport, not the image (unless, of course, you want to attach it to the image).
Finally, I'd like to announce that we moved to new locations in Lakewood. Please make a note of our new address.
Mike Bode
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Damian Neuberger [mailto:neuberger1234-at-attbi.com] Sent: Tuesday, February 05, 2002 2:43 PM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Listers,
My requirements are that I have to put a label as well as a scale bar on each optical micrograph and burn CD to archive, all with GLP documentation (we are working towards a 21CFR Part 11 compliant system). I have calibrated our research microscope with various optical systems and photoeyepieces as well as a new macroscope and created about 100 scale bars. We then automated the whole process as much as we could using Actions and Droplets and a Word macro to create a label as well as a list of all the files burned on a CD by filling in a form.
Next we are hoping to be able to write a plug-in that will create a history text file to document each change to a photograph. I asked Adobe if they could do that and the person said that it would be feasible but apparently not enough demand, yet.
In a message dated 02/05/2002 8:42:07 AM US Mountain Standard Time, David_R_Stadden-at-armstrong.com-at-sparc5.microscopy.com writes:
{ { I've been asked if the stage micrometers I use for calibrating our optical scopes are NIST-traceable. Is there such a thing and, if not, what would satisfy requirements for ISO certification in the area of metrology?
Thanks!
Dave Stadden Research Scientist Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Lancaster, PA } }
Dave,
Yes, there is such a thing. You can get a stage micrometer that's NIST-traceable from:
If I recall correctly, you pay a minimum fee for certification of a set number of points on the scale (you can specify which points on the scale are to be certified). You can also pay a minimal fee to certify additional points above the minimum number.
SEM has historically been used for metrology of various structures. I can't seem to find much literature about the artifacts associated with this type of measurement. We do use the NIST standards to check the calibration of our equipment, but I haven't characterized how the different beam or sample parameters effect the measurements. What do you do? Has anyone figured out his or her actual accuracy and precision? We have found that we can safely give measurements within +/-5% taking into account most human and equipment errors. This is based on the precision of measurements made of NIST structures, measured the same way, over several years. On the other hand, the smallest structure we can measure on the standard is 2um (line and space. How do you determine at what magnification you will no longer guarantee the measurement? I see that my MRS-3 from Geller says it's for 10x to 50kX. How do they figure out that the max magnification it is useful? Maybe it as simple as being able to fit the structure on the screen. If that were true, you would expect that the instrument would also be calibrated to a much higher magnification. How high could I say it is accurate to? Can I safely measure a 1000A line assuming no obvious issues (i.e. drift)? Can anyone educate me more on this topic or point me to resources?
Things that could effect measurements (feel free to add to list): Drift (mechanical / beam) Charging (obvious or stretching of image from a slow scan) Magnification (adjusted for each set of lens relays) kV (surface vs. subsurface image) Working Distance Delineation method (raised vs. depression, materials contrast) Amount of delineation (3D effect) Resolution (near resolution limit of SEM?) Contrast (or lack of, bright / dark line) Edge effect (bright line) Consistency between tools (calibration, etc.) Consistency between methods (SEM, TEM, ellipsometry, AFM, etc.) Operator's eye (where to measure. Measure outside to inside, center to center, out to out, in to in?) Variance in measured layer thickness (topography, sloped profile (i.e. base larger than top)) Angle to beam Preparation methods (polish (i.e. smearing), cleave (i.e. pull of soft material), FIB (i.e. angle)) Type of algorithm if doing it automatically (i.e. %50 threshold)
_________________________________________________________________ MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos: http://photos.msn.com/support/worldwide.aspx
Yes, NIST-traceable stage micrometers do exist. At least one place they are available from is Klarmann Rulings (www.reticles.com).
We have utilized these NIST-traceable micrometers in previous systems we've implemented with much success.
Good Luck
*Kind Regards, *Dave Hall *Resolution Technology, Inc - (614) 921-0045 *Please visit our website at http://www.restechimage.com to find our Optimas training schedule and other useful information.
-----Original Message----- } From: David_R_Stadden-at-armstrong.com [mailto:David_R_Stadden-at-armstrong.com]On Behalf Of "David_R_Stadden-at-armstrong.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com Sent: Tuesday, February 05, 2002 10:29 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
I've been asked if the stage micrometers I use for calibrating our optical scopes are NIST-traceable. Is there such a thing and, if not, what would satisfy requirements for ISO certification in the area of metrology?
Thanks!
Dave Stadden Research Scientist Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Lancaster, PA
I am looking for a space in my lab for installation of 2 UPS systems (6 and 8 kVa) from Hitachi. One of the options is to install them in the same room where ultramicrotome is. I do not like this option, but space is tight. I appreciate any comments about microtome performance in the presence of UPS. Microtome is sitting on the air antivibration table.
Thank you,
Vladimir M. Dusevich, Ph.D. Electron Microscope Lab Manager 3127 School of Dentistry 650 E. 25th Street Kansas City, MO 64108-2784
} I think your instructor's hope would be that you figured out the } answers to class problems on your own. Asking an expert in the field } and then simply regurgitating that information is a worthless } exercise. If you are going to invest the time and money required to } earn a degree, you might want to try to learn something along the } way. I am a big supporter of listservers but hate to see them used } in this way.
Good for you!!
I sent the young lady the same message via private e-mail. I wonder if the instructor knows about this sort of "research"?
} } To whom it may concern: } } } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of } } Technology. } } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we must } } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I hope will } } get answered ASAP: } } } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for } } microscopy } } rather than light? } } 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with the spatial } } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? } } 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the electron } } microscope? } } } } Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in helping me } } understand more of this subject. } } } } Sincerely, } } Jenny Wang } } } } ------------------------------------------------- } } Sent through Cyberbuzz- A Server for the Students } } http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/ } } -- } Thomas E. Phillips, Ph.D. } Associate Professor of Biological Sciences } Director, Molecular Cytology Core Facility } } 3 Tucker Hall } Division of Biological Sciences } University of Missouri } Columbia, MO 65211-7400 } (573)-882-4712 (voice) } (573)-882-0123 (fax)
Geoff -- ********************************************** Geoff McAuliffe, Ph.D. Neuroscience and Cell Biology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 voice: (732)-235-4583; fax: -4029 mcauliff-at-umdnj.edu **********************************************
I would like to thank those who gave me some input to my first delimma.
I found that there are a ton of different frame grabbers out there. What I dont know is what kind of output signal the scope produces, as far as my understanding of the ISI SX-40 SEM it puts a signal out to the CRT. Some of the venders' questions have been if it is an NTSC, PAL, or RS170 type signal.I am slightly familiar with the first two, but the latter I have no idea. I do know that there are a couple of "off the shelf" products from GW Electronics and Image Slave, but these setups are priced at $4000+. So what I am looking for is if someone can point me in the direction of where I can reseach this information.
Wil
This email was sent with 100.00% recycled electrons.
P.S. This is a project that hopefully will get students involved with microcopy from our Biology and Chemistry departments in order to familiarize the students with instrumentation available in their area of study.
you could try this website of Florence University:
http://www.unifi.it/unifi/dbag/lbs1/lbsdip.htm
(sorry...it is in Italian) and mail to Dr. Stefano Bianchi at this address: stefano.bianchi-at-dbag.unifi.it
Good luck. Best Regards, Ing. Massimo Tosi ----- Original Message ----- } From: "Peter Van Osta" {pvosta-at-unionbio-eu.com} To: "Microscopy" {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} Sent: Wednesday, February 06, 2002 9:17 AM
Dear Lister:
I have a Epson scanner (Perfection 1200 Photo) with a transparency adaptor. Recently, we have some problems when we scan the negative films. The pre-scan image looks pretty nice after some adjustment, but the final scan image is too dark almost just a piece of black stuff. Any help will be appreciated.
Nikon Coolpix 995 has 2.3Megapixels non-interpolated
Tina Carvalho {tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu} wrote:
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} I operate a JEOL 848 SEM but am limited to less than 30,000x due to at least } two frequencies of external noise. The service engineers from JEOL have } determined the noise is not due to the SEM. I will be conducting as much of a } room survey as possible later in February but I am hoping to obtain some } insight into common testing formats, noise sources, and solutions. From what } I have been able to learn so far, this noise reduction is something of an art } rather than science. Thank you in advance from this microscopist with much to } learn.
I agree that the other responses have very good points.
In addition, if the problem is actually caused by magnetic fields interacting with the beam, it should get worse at lower kV and at longer working distances. Do you know the frequencies of the interference? If so, that can be a very good clue as to its source.
Also, a digital gauss meter that I have found very useful for locating sources of magnetic fields can be purchased for under $100 US [see the Extech Model #480823 at www.MetersandInstruments.com, (800) 773-0370, - I have no financial interest in this company]. This meter makes frequency independent RMS readings between 30 and 300 Hz. Since line frequency and harmonics are the most common fields, it works very well.
With such a digital meter, or even a coil of wire connected to an oscilloscope to act as an uncalibrated magnetic field meter, you can first check for field strength near the chamber. If a significant magnetic field (i.e., } 1 mG rms) is observed, it can often be tracked back to the source by moving the meter around. If the field simply "fills the room", it may be from a power line with an unbalanced load. For example, if the current runs on the "hot" wire, but does not return on the neutral or ground wire, then a large magnetic field will be generated, while normally there are equal and opposite currents which cancel at any significant distance. In this case, the wires themselves can be outside the room and the actual wiring problem may be anywhere in the building!
As a final comment, a good check on environmental problems is simply to come in after hours when other equipment is more likely to be turned off (or to go around and turn off everything that you can, but that is typically limited to your immediate lab). For example, I have watched a gauss meter go from showing a low field to a significant field simultaneously as an image at high mag degraded with line frequency interference. The source of the field was discovered to be power lines outside the SEM room that supplied power to a laser several labs away. When the laser operator started working in the morning and increased the laser power, the meter and SEM display clearly showed the interference.
Good luck.
Joe _________________________________________ Joe Nabity, Ph.D. JC Nabity Lithography Systems E-Beam Lithography using Commercial SEMs & STEMs PO Box 5354, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA Voice: (406) 587-0848 FAX: (406) 586-9514 E-mail: info-at-jcnabity.com Web: www.jcnabity.com
**************************************************************************** * Tina (Weatherby) Carvalho * tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu * * Biological Electron Microscope Facility * (808) 956-6251 * * University of Hawaii at Manoa * http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bemf* ****************************************************************************
} -----Original Message----- } From: Brian Wajdyk [mailto:electronmicroscopist-at-hotmail.com] } Sent: Wednesday, February 06, 2002 10:47 AM } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: measurement and calibration onthe SEM } } } -------------------------------------------------------------- } ---------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society } of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -------------------------------------------------------------- } ---------. } } } Fellow Microscopists, } } SEM has historically been used for metrology of various } structures. I can't } seem to find much literature about the artifacts associated } with this type } of measurement. We do use the NIST standards to check the } calibration of } our equipment, but I haven't characterized how the different } beam or sample } parameters effect the measurements. What do you do? Has } anyone figured out } his or her actual accuracy and precision? We have found that } we can safely } give measurements within +/-5% taking into account most human } and equipment } errors. This is based on the precision of measurements made of NIST } structures, measured the same way, over several years. On } the other hand, } the smallest structure we can measure on the standard is 2um } (line and } space. How do you determine at what magnification you will no longer
Cheap grating replicas with 2600 lines per mm give 0.46 um per line, and this is not too bad for calibrating 50,000 magnification. I am happy I do not need certified standards.
} guarantee the measurement? I see that my MRS-3 from Geller } says it's for } 10x to 50kX. How do they figure out that the max magnification it is } useful? Maybe it as simple as being able to fit the structure on the
Maximum useful magnification is very specimen dependant, especially for low voltage and low vacuum modes. Of course, for digital images it is possible to check brightness profiles and if they have slopes on edges of features, then measure "size" on half height of the slope. But I am not aware about publications which dependably justify this kind of measurements (manipulations with brightness and contrast and specimen tilt could change slopes significantly).
} screen. If that were true, you would expect that the } instrument would also } be calibrated to a much higher magnification. How high could } I say it is } accurate to? Can I safely measure a 1000A line assuming no
It depends on resolution for your microscope/specimens and on calibration standard you are using. And I think periodic lines with spacing 2 um not really good standard to measure feature with the size of 0.1 um.
} obvious issues } (i.e. drift)? Can anyone educate me more on this topic or
If you have visible drift during single exposure, then something wrong with microscope or specimen preparation technique.
} point me to } resources? } } } Things that could effect measurements (feel free to add to list): } Drift (mechanical / beam)-
exposure time should be small for significant drift.
} Charging (obvious or stretching of image from a slow scan) } Magnification (adjusted for each set of lens relays)
Could be eliminated with proper calibration.
} kV (surface vs. subsurface image) } Working Distance
Could be eliminated with proper calibration.
} Delineation method (raised vs. depression, materials contrast) } Amount of delineation (3D effect) } Resolution (near resolution limit of SEM?) } Contrast (or lack of, bright / dark line) } Edge effect (bright line) } Consistency between tools (calibration, etc.) } Consistency between methods (SEM, TEM, ellipsometry, AFM, etc.) } Operator's eye (where to measure. Measure outside to inside, } center to } center, out to out, in to in?) } Variance in measured layer thickness (topography, sloped } profile (i.e. base } larger than top)) } Angle to beam } Preparation methods (polish (i.e. smearing), cleave (i.e. } pull of soft } material), FIB (i.e. angle)) } Type of algorithm if doing it automatically (i.e. %50 threshold)
Some of the things you have mentioned relate to specimen/experiment, to stereology, but not to microscope. For example, if I need to measure size of depression without sharp edges, I have to find (or at least to declare)right procedure for it's measurements. May be I have to perform stereo measurements and define an edge as a place, where a depth of depression become equal to 0.1 um (or 10% of total depth, or whatever else, depending on a study).
And thank you for your extensive list - it is very helpful for observation of the problem. And about additions to your list - I think everybody can say something. For example recently I tried to measure in ESEM thickness of a layer which, as it turned out, was a viscous liquid...
Regards,
Vladimir
Vladimir M. Dusevich, Ph.D. Electron Microscope Lab Manager 3127 School of Dentistry 650 E. 25th Street Kansas City, MO 64108-2784
On Wed, 6 Feb 2002 tartenon-at-netscape.net-at-sparc5.microscopy.com wrote:
} Nikon Coolpix 995 has 2.3Megapixels non-interpolated
You made me check into this! Nikon advertises 3.2 megapixels for the Coolpix 995, and Olympus advertises 4 megapixels for the C-4040, but BOTH really deliver 2048 x 1536 pixels. Interesting marketing.
They are basically the same technology, with the only difference being the menus and availability of adapters, I guess. And now all the adapters are available all kinds of places, so I guess it's a matter of taste. There aer other manini (a manini is a small fish) differences in number of threads, recording media, stuff like that.
Mahalo, Tina
**************************************************************************** * Tina (Weatherby) Carvalho * tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu * * Biological Electron Microscope Facility * (808) 956-6251 * * University of Hawaii at Manoa * http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bemf* ****************************************************************************
We have a Hitachi H800 TEM (200 Kev,LaB6) and a few days ago we started having problems with the HV. Static discharges in the gun area (even at 75 KeV) were traced back to the failed insulator. Hitachi is trying to get us new one, but they tell me it could take several months since this is normally not a stock item. If any body out there has one that they are willing to part with (for money) or if any body has other suggestions I would really appreciate your input.
RS-170 refers to composite b/w video. NTSC refers to composite color video added to the RS-170 format. Composite means that the video signal and sync pulses (H & V & blanking) are conveyed via a single wire.
If I recall the SX-40 correctly (let me know if I am wrong on this), it has a TV rate display for focusing and stig and eye-ball viewing, but image recording is/was via the slow scan high rez short persistence 2K line film recorder CRT. This poses a significant problem for image capture.
RS-170 video is interlaced between even/odd lines (fields). One frame (two fields) is not presented at the same time. The rapid scan (60/s per field) and the persistence of the viewing CRT, fool the eye into being able to see integrated sets of lines. A frame grabber can't be fooled. The purpose of interlacing is to reduce flicker which would occur if the whole frame were sent at one time.
The RS-170 format is essentially a frame of 640x480 pixels. But the problem is that to capture the whole frame, one needs to store the even and odd fields and then grab the frame. This feature is typically called an image buffer or frame buffer. Its output is RS-170 but consisting of a full frame, either realtime or the result of slow scan.
I don't think you have this in the SX-40. Your only option, as I see it, is to get a passive capture system which is attached to the recording CRT. The passive capture systems connect to the recording CRT's H & V sync pulses and the blanking pulse. GW makes passive capture systems, Soft Imaging does, as do others. But as you have found, these are not cheap systems. In some cases, the hardware is not particularly complex. But the software is.
The passive system follows the scan pulses from the SEM's scan generator and uses an A/D converter to sequentially digitize the output of the SE detector. A challenge with this is to obtain fidelity between what is seen versus what is captured. i.e., same contrast and brightness on the viewing screen as on the captured image. Doable, once set up properly.
Perhaps you could elicit the assistance of the Electrical Engineering Department? Some clever grad student might love to undertake a project to digitize your SEM.
gary g.
At 10:27 AM 2/6/2002, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
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Wil,
the answer is fairly simple:
A "video signal" is commonly referred to if the signal follows the standards set for commercial TV. This allows you to take a camera and connect it directly to a TV or VCR. As you probably know, there are different standards in the US and Europe. NTSC is the signal used for color data in the US and Japan, PAL is the signal used for color data in Europe and other places, RS170 is for b/w signals. Some frame grabbers can understand all of these signals, others only one or two.
The problem with a video signal is, that the resolution is very low (480x640x8bits for NTSC).
If you use the SEM in "slow scan mode", most frame grabbers will not be able to detect the correct signal because it does not conform to the NTSC or PAL standards anymore. Then you need to get special electronics, which is not made in large numbers and is therefore more expensive.
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: "curari-at-asu.edu"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com [mailto:"curari-at-asu.edu"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com] Sent: Wednesday, February 06, 2002 11:27 AM To: MSA
Dear Lister
I would like to thank those who gave me some input to my first delimma.
I found that there are a ton of different frame grabbers out there. What I dont know is what kind of output signal the scope produces, as far as my understanding of the ISI SX-40 SEM it puts a signal out to the CRT. Some of the venders' questions have been if it is an NTSC, PAL, or RS170 type signal.I am slightly familiar with the first two, but the latter I have no idea. I do know that there are a couple of "off the shelf" products from GW Electronics and Image Slave, but these setups are priced at $4000+. So what I am looking for is if someone can point me in the direction of where I can reseach this information.
Wil
This email was sent with 100.00% recycled electrons.
P.S. This is a project that hopefully will get students involved with microcopy from our Biology and Chemistry departments in order to familiarize the students with instrumentation available in their area of study.
From root Wed Feb 6 21:55:53 2002 Return-Path: {Microscopy-request-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} Received: (from daemon-at-localhost) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) id VAA12231 for dist-Microscopy; Wed, 6 Feb 2002 21:01:57 -0600 (CST) Received: from no_more_spam.com (sparc5 [206.69.208.10]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with SMTP id VAA12227 for "MicroscopyFilteredEmail1-at-msa.microscopy.com"; Wed, 6 Feb 2002 21:01:26 -0600 (CST) Received: from server.imre.org.sg ([137.132.173.15]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with ESMTP id UAA12178 for {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} ; Wed, 6 Feb 2002 20:49:18 -0600 (CST) Message-ID: {FEBD650DBBBFD311AF1D009027CC7DD701366A1A-at-exchange.imre.org.sg}
Dear Jenny,
We're glad that you are interested in microscopy, and that you did some research to find this list: below are a few pointers to get you started. There are some excellent texts on the subject, some of which I cite below from my own lecture course, but check out your own library too. Also, there are some very well known electron microscopists at Georgia Tech whom you could consult with - be brave and go say hi! You will find the majority of scientists (microscopists included) are always glad of an excuse to wax eloquent on their favorite subject, esp over coffee. I guess the best advice is always to talk to the experts, unless forbidden by your instructor (which I would doubt - our instructors always encouraged our intiative in these matters!)
Best wishes for your studies,
Mark
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Mark Yeadon Senior Research Fellow Institute of Materials Research and Engineering 3 Research Link Singapore 117602
Assistant Professor Department of Materials Science National University of Singapore Singapore 119260 http://www.matsci.nus.edu.sg/STAFF/Mark.html
} -----Original Message----- } From: "gtg990a-at-prism.gatech.edu"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } [SMTP:"gtg990a-at-prism.gatech.edu"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com] } Sent: Wednesday, February 06, 2002 11:14 AM } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: Questions on the Electron Microscope } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } To whom it may concern: } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of } Technology. } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we must } } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I hope } will } get answered ASAP: } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for } microscopy } rather than light? [Mark YEADON] couple of advantages: electrons have a shorter wavelength (much shorter); since resolution in this case is dependent on wavelength (Abbe's expression - resolution ~ 0.61 x wavelength / sin alpha [see texts for fuller explanation]) - in principle we can resolve distances of a fraction of an atom with 100kV electrons). Also, electrons are IONIZING radiation, and we can detect signals arising from ionization processes when they interact with our sample (such as characteristic x-rays, charcteristic of the atoms the electron has interacted with in your sample)
couple of disadvantages: electrons require a vacuum if you want them to travel enough distance to be of use in an electron microscope. this is expensive and requires substantial maintenance. electron guns and columns are much bigger and more complex than a regular light microscope - equates to dollars!
However, because the value of alpha (in above equation) is so much smaller for electron microscopes you also get an amazingly high depth of field (see texts below for a derivation - esp the first three). ie, you can see 3D objects such as bugs in clear focus over the entire sample in a scanning electron microscope with marvelous resolution, whereas in the light microscope only one small part of the bug will be in focus at high magnification...
} 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythin to do with the } spatial } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? [Mark YEADON] Absolutely - see above.
} 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the electron } microscope? } [Mark YEADON] Spatial resolution relates to dimensions of distance, for a 200kV TEM with thermionic emission gun you would expect about 2Angstroms spatial resolution. Temporal resolution would relate to time, and I'm guessing you're thinking of the time taken to capture images - this would depend upon the imaging system you are using. How quickly can you record 'frames', one after the other. We get 1/30s temporal resolution for in-situ experiments quite ok. In principle you can go much better than this with a very fast CCD camera and a high intensity electron beam. (The more electrons you have per unit time, the more electrons you can get per frame, and the better the signal to noise ratio - the limit is usually the recording equipment (signal to nosie ratio of the CCD chip) and not the TEM.
} Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in helping me } understand more of this subject. [Mark YEADON] You're most welcome. We love our subject and are delighted to help you in your understanding. See if you have any of the following in your library, although there are many other good ones also:
Transmission Electron Microscopy, DB Williams and CB Carter Electron Microscopy and Analysis, Goodhew and Humphreys Light and Electron Microscopy, Slayter and Slayter Handbook Of Microscopy, ed. by S. Amelinckx et al., Wiley -VCH
} Sincerely, } Jenny Wang } } ------------------------------------------------- } Sent through Cyberbuzz- A Server for the Students } http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (pjfenneran-at-msn.com) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Wednesday, February 6, 2002 at 10:05:13 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: pjfenneran-at-msn.com Name: Patrick Fenneran
Organization: Florida Institute of Technology
Education: Graduate College
Location: Melbourne, Florida
Question: I am using an Zeiss 900m TEM looking at E.coli and have the following questions:
1. The formvar/carbon grids keep on getting blown out, like there is too much power or the beam is too concentrated.
2. When I am taking pictures, the bacteria do not have resolution, which adjustments should I make?
3. Do you know of any paperwork that can be obtained that explains the operation the components of the machine, the only book I have is the one that came with the machine and it is partly in German.
It depends exactly what you mean by 'failed' but we have had success cleaning ceramic insulators that have been subjected to tracking of the HT. Even quite deep arcing tracks have been cleaned out and when returned to service have worked OK. If they are on the vacuum side they are just left alone, if they are on a greased joining surface we ensure that the grease gets well down into the cleaned track.
I don't know the type of insulator Hitachi use on your machine but you may be able clean tracks out by polishing with Al2O3 paste (5um Al2O3 in alcohol). If this does not work try shot blasting the ceramic with clean Al2O3 beads. After polishing or blasting blow off with clean N2 (from a regulated cylinder), clean in several washes of alcohol in an ultrasonic bath until there is no trace of alumina in the alcohol and bake out in a clean vacuum oven overnight. If you cannot get a vacuum oven then heating in air and a very long pumpout in a vacuum rig may work. It will take a couple of days but it may get you up and running and may even save you buying a replacement insulator.
Disclaimer: I take no responsibility for people not applying common sense to any of the procedures descibed. If you do not have good technical experience and skills you are likely to cause further damage.
Good luck, Ron
On Wed, 6 Feb 2002 14:55:44 -0700 "Marti, Jordi" {jordi.marti-at-honeywell.com} wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Hello! } } We have a Hitachi H800 TEM (200 Kev,LaB6) and a few days ago we started having problems with the HV. Static discharges } in the gun area (even at 75 KeV) were traced back to the failed insulator. Hitachi is trying to get us new one, but they } tell me it could take several months since this is normally not a stock item. If any body out there has one that they } are willing to part with (for money) or if any body has other suggestions I would really appreciate your input. } } Thanks } } Jordi Marti }
---------------------- Mr. R.C. Doole Department of Materials, University of Oxford. Parks Road, Oxford. OX1 3PH. UK. Phone +44 (0) 1865 273701 Fax +44 (0) 1865 283333 ron.doole-at-materials.ox.ac.uk
We have blown the window on our old Noran EDS detector. I would like to find out an approximate price on a new system within about 10k. We would like to replace the old one. Before we get the formal quotes, I though a few of you that have recently purchased systems could give me a ballpark price. Thanks,
Mark Windland Honeywell Minneapolis, Minnesota 763-954-2845
I read Ms Wang's message, thought the same thoughts you articulated here, and deleted the message. I think that we as a group should agree not to do homework for students. Thanks for sharing your thoughts with us and raising the issue.
Don
On Wed, 6 Feb 2002, Tom Phillips wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } I think your instructor's hope would be that you figured out the } answers to class problems on your own. Asking an expert in the field } and then simply regurgitating that information is a worthless } exercise. If you are going to invest the time and money required to } earn a degree, you might want to try to learn something along the } way. I am a big supporter of listservers but hate to see them used } in this way. } } } } } } } } To whom it may concern: } } } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of } } Technology. } } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we must } } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I hope will } } get answered ASAP: } } } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for } } microscopy } } rather than light? } } 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with the spatial } } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? } } 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the electron } } microscope? } } } } Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in helping me } } understand more of this subject. } } } } Sincerely, } } Jenny Wang } } } } ------------------------------------------------- } } Sent through Cyberbuzz- A Server for the Students } } http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/ } } -- } Thomas E. Phillips, Ph.D. } Associate Professor of Biological Sciences } Director, Molecular Cytology Core Facility } } 3 Tucker Hall } Division of Biological Sciences } University of Missouri } Columbia, MO 65211-7400 } (573)-882-4712 (voice) } (573)-882-0123 (fax) } }
______________________________________________________________________ Donald L. Lovett e-mail: lovett-at-tcnj.edu Assoc. Professor, Dept. of Biology voice: (609) 771-2876 P.O. Box 7718 fax: (609) 637-5118 The College of New Jersey Ewing, NJ 08628-0718
We had the same problem with the ceramic insulator (sounds like a law of nature...). A big help in our case was a dentist. He has much experience in cleaning ceramic and the perfect tools for doing this job. So my advice is to bring the part to be cleaned to a dentist in your neighborhood.
email: mklein-at-visitec-em.de WWW: http://www.visitec-em.de ++++ Home of the world`s largest SEM ++++
-----Ursprüngliche Nachricht----- Von: rdoole-at-materials.ox.ac.uk [mailto:rdoole-at-materials.ox.ac.uk]Im Auftrag von Ron Doole Gesendet: Donnerstag, 7. Februar 2002 09:49 An: 'Microscopy' Betreff: Re: Ceramic Insulator for Hitachi H800 TEM
------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Hi Jordi,
Sorry to hear about the insulator.
It depends exactly what you mean by 'failed' but we have had success cleaning ceramic insulators that have been subjected to tracking of the HT. Even quite deep arcing tracks have been cleaned out and when returned to service have worked OK. If they are on the vacuum side they are just left alone, if they are on a greased joining surface we ensure that the grease gets well down into the cleaned track.
I don't know the type of insulator Hitachi use on your machine but you may be able clean tracks out by polishing with Al2O3 paste (5um Al2O3 in alcohol). If this does not work try shot blasting the ceramic with clean Al2O3 beads. After polishing or blasting blow off with clean N2 (from a regulated cylinder), clean in several washes of alcohol in an ultrasonic bath until there is no trace of alumina in the alcohol and bake out in a clean vacuum oven overnight. If you cannot get a vacuum oven then heating in air and a very long pumpout in a vacuum rig may work. It will take a couple of days but it may get you up and running and may even save you buying a replacement insulator.
Disclaimer: I take no responsibility for people not applying common sense to any of the procedures descibed. If you do not have good technical experience and skills you are likely to cause further damage.
Good luck, Ron
On Wed, 6 Feb 2002 14:55:44 -0700 "Marti, Jordi" {jordi.marti-at-honeywell.com} wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Hello! } } We have a Hitachi H800 TEM (200 Kev,LaB6) and a few days ago we started having problems with the HV. Static discharges } in the gun area (even at 75 KeV) were traced back to the failed insulator. Hitachi is trying to get us new one, but they } tell me it could take several months since this is normally not a stock item. If any body out there has one that they } are willing to part with (for money) or if any body has other suggestions I would really appreciate your input. } } Thanks } } Jordi Marti }
---------------------- Mr. R.C. Doole Department of Materials, University of Oxford. Parks Road, Oxford. OX1 3PH. UK. Phone +44 (0) 1865 273701 Fax +44 (0) 1865 283333 ron.doole-at-materials.ox.ac.uk
I have just been given the approval to purchase a new carbon coater. We are looking for a model that doesn't use a water source. We have an existing Denton 502A that we are going to change to a backup system. It has been a workhorse for us for the past 14 years.(Up and running six hours a day.)
At your lab, what has been a proven carbon coater that will last?
I need to submit three vendors to my boss before he will approve a purchase of a new carbon coater. As you can see I have been out of the loop on carbon coaters for fourteen years so any information will help me tremendously.
Thank you for your help.
Luis Bustillos AMA Analytical Services, Inc. lbustillos-at-amalab.com
} } Dear Lister: } } I have a Epson scanner (Perfection 1200 Photo) with a transparency } adaptor. Recently, we have some problems when we scan the negative } films. The pre-scan image looks pretty nice after some adjustment, } but the final scan image is too dark almost just a piece of black } stuff. } Any help will be appreciated. } } Thanks } } Jinguo Wang ******** I have an Epson Expression 1600 and had the same problem. My solution was to select "TPU for Pos film" which does not do the automatic inversion. I then use the Invert function in Photoshop to reverse the contrast from negative to positive. It works beautifully. Lee
-- Leona Cohen-Gould, M.S. Sr. Staff Associate Director, Electron Microscopy Core Facility Manager, Optical Microscopy Core Facility Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University voice (212)746-6146 fax (212)746-8175
About a year ago there was a valuable discussion of negative scanners. One concern raised about the Polaroid Sprintscan 45 Ultra was the absence of a film holder for 3 1/4 x 4 1/4 film. A message was sent that said that John Warren at Polaroid sent several of you free negative holders.
Last year I purchased this scanner and included a 3 1/4 x 4 1/4 negative holder on the P.O., and have been waiting for the holder. Polaroid told my sales rep that such a holder never existed and that John Warren no longer worked a polaroid.
I have (and love) the Polaroid scanner, but am frustrated about not having the appropriate film holder. Have any of you received this item, does it have a part number, and how did you come to have it?
Any help would be appreciated.
Thanks,
Don
______________________________________________________________________ Donald L. Lovett e-mail: lovett-at-tcnj.edu Assoc. Professor, Dept. of Biology voice: (609) 771-2876 P.O. Box 7718 fax: (609) 637-5118 The College of New Jersey Ewing, NJ 08628-0718
The Microbeam Analysis Society's home page has a new url, http://www.microbeamanalysis.org. We apologize for this inconvience and I want to thank John Mansfield for his prompt attention in establishing our new domain name. If you are a subscriber to the MAS listeserver, John autimatically changed your subscription to the new address at microprobe-at-microbeamanalysis.org.
Also, the MAS membership email service (masmembership-at-excite.com ) was interrupted for a few weeks in January but is fully functional again.
Lou Ross MAS Membership Services masmembership-at-excite.com 1-800-4MASMEM (1-800-462-7636) www.microbeamanalysis.org
Sounds to me like both points 1. and 2. could be explained if the condenser aperture is out of the column. Its the uppermost adjustable aperture sticking out of the side of most TEM's. If thats out, you get huge beam current down the column, big loss of resolution, and its easy to blow out the sections or support films.
Or even if the condenser aperture is in, if the next adjustable aperture down the column, the objective aperture, is out, that also could result in blown out films, and loss of contrast in the image.
As for the German, best to find someone there who can give you a few pointers - in English,
Good luck,
Gib
-- Gib Ahlstrand Electron Optical Facility, University of Minnesota, CBS Imaging Center, 35 Snyder Hall, St. Paul, MN. USA. 55108 (612)624-3454 (612)625-5754 FAX, giba-at-puccini.cdl.umn.edu http://www.cbs.umn.edu/ic/
} Email: pjfenneran-at-msn.com } Name: Patrick Fenneran } } Organization: Florida Institute of Technology } } Education: Graduate College } } Location: Melbourne, Florida } } Question: I am using an Zeiss 900m TEM looking at E.coli and have the } following questions: } } 1. The formvar/carbon grids keep on getting blown out, like there is } too much power or the beam is too concentrated. } } 2. When I am taking pictures, the bacteria do not have resolution, } which adjustments should I make? } } 3. Do you know of any paperwork that can be obtained that explains } the operation the components of the machine, the only book I have is } the one that came with the machine and it is partly in German. }
We have progressed during the past few years to where the majority of our optical and SEM images are digital rather than Polaroid prints. In addition, we also scan TEM negatives and store them digitally. I am interested in some recommendations for software that can store the images in a database so they can be easily retrieved by keywords and also software for image analysis (e.g., particle size, image analysis, etc.) What options are available that people have experience with. I'd be interested in hearing both pro and con.
Thanks,
Bob Comstock Westinghouse Electric Co. Pittsburgh, PA 15235
Were the bacteria fixed and stained? Did you carbon coat your formvar grids before use? What mesh size grids are you using? I have no information on that particular microscope, but if you have never used any TEM, you normally use a spread weak beam rather than a concentrated one for imaging (spread the beam with the condensor lense). Electron microscopes work best in the dark.
We have some procedures on our website you may wish to browse: http://biology.berkeley.edu/EML
\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ Gordon Ante Vrdoljak Electron Microscope Lab ICQ 23243541 http://nature.berkeley.edu/~gvrdolja 26 Giannini Hall gvrdolja-at-nature.berkeley.edu UC Berkeley phone (510) 642-2085 Berkeley CA 94720-3330 fax (510) 643-6207 cell (510) 290-6793
On Thu, 7 Feb 2002 pjfenneran-at-msn.com wrote: } 1. The formvar/carbon grids keep on getting blown out, like there is } too much power or the beam is too concentrated. } } 2. When I am taking pictures, the bacteria do not have resolution, } which adjustments should I make? } } 3. Do you know of any paperwork that can be obtained that explains } the operation the components of the machine, the only book I have is } the one that came with the machine and it is partly in German. } } } } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- }
Sorry You're Right I miss type the numbers it really is 3.2 Megapixels where 2048 X 1536 = 3,145,728 (3.2 Megapixels) I'm using Nikon 995 and I can Photograph Bright, Fluorescence Images My Understanding is that you can increase that resolution using Interpolation, but the real resolution of the image will be 3.2 Megapixels with the Nikon 995. I do not belive Olympus has 4 Megapixels non-interpolated (nor any available digital camera)
Regards
Tina Carvalho {tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu} wrote:
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} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Tom: } } I read Ms Wang's message, thought the same thoughts you articulated here, } and deleted the message. I think that we as a group should agree not to } do homework for students. Thanks for sharing your thoughts with us and } raising the issue. } } Don } } On Wed, 6 Feb 2002, Tom Phillips wrote: } } } } I think your instructor's hope would be that you figured out the } } answers to class problems on your own. Asking an expert in the field } } and then simply regurgitating that information is a worthless } } exercise. If you are going to invest the time and money required to } } earn a degree, you might want to try to learn something along the } } way. I am a big supporter of listservers but hate to see them used } } in this way. } } } } } } } } To whom it may concern: } } } } } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of } } } Technology. } } } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we must } } } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I hope will } } } get answered ASAP: } } } } } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for } } } microscopy } } } rather than light? } } } 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with the spatial } } } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? } } } 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the electron } } } microscope? } } } } } } Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in helping me } } } understand more of this subject. } } } } } } Sincerely, } } } Jenny Wang } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------- } } } Sent through Cyberbuzz- A Server for the Students } } } http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/ } } } } -- } } Thomas E. Phillips, Ph.D. } } Associate Professor of Biological Sciences } } Director, Molecular Cytology Core Facility } } } } 3 Tucker Hall } } Division of Biological Sciences } } University of Missouri } } Columbia, MO 65211-7400 } } (573)-882-4712 (voice) } } (573)-882-0123 (fax) } } } } } } ______________________________________________________________________ } Donald L. Lovett e-mail: lovett-at-tcnj.edu } Assoc. Professor, Dept. of Biology voice: (609) 771-2876 } P.O. Box 7718 fax: (609) 637-5118 } The College of New Jersey } Ewing, NJ 08628-0718
Geoff -- ********************************************** Geoff McAuliffe, Ph.D. Neuroscience and Cell Biology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 voice: (732)-235-4583; fax: -4029 mcauliff-at-umdnj.edu **********************************************
From root Thu Feb 7 13:17:04 2002 Return-Path: {Microscopy-request-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} Received: (from daemon-at-localhost) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) id NAA15504 for dist-Microscopy; Thu, 7 Feb 2002 13:05:04 -0600 (CST) Received: from no_more_spam.com (sparc5 [206.69.208.10]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with SMTP id NAA15501 for "MicroscopyFilteredEmail1-at-msa.microscopy.com"; Thu, 7 Feb 2002 13:04:34 -0600 (CST) Received: from tumor.soft-imaging.com ([67.104.115.34]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA15494 for {Microscopy-at-sparc5.Microscopy.Com} ; Thu, 7 Feb 2002 13:04:18 -0600 (CST) Received: from lakewood.soft-imaging.com (lakewood.soft-imaging.com [192.168.5.225]) by tumor.soft-imaging.com (8.10.2/8.10.2/SuSE Linux 8.10.0-0.3) with ESMTP id g17J4jr07268 for {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} ; Thu, 7 Feb 2002 12:04:46 -0700 Received: by hq-dc2.soft-imaging.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id {DRCSJ20P} ; Thu, 7 Feb 2002 12:03:40 -0700 Message-ID: {6127CE87B9BDD511B59D0001028A497D03E2A3-at-hq-dc2.soft-imaging.com}
Hello Listers,
While I agree with what has been said so far in that nobody should do somebody else's work, especially not homework for students, I am wondering if that is not being interpreted a bit too narrowly here. After all, this listserver **IS** a great resource and the students show some initiative in finding and posting to it. Wouldn't it be better to help the students find the information they are after rather than denying help? Something like: "These are very interesting questions, and there are many good books about this issue. Try reading any one of these books (...) or talk to anyone who is doing electron microscopy."
Then again, these are my thoughts, and if you disagree, please send me an email.
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Donald Lovett [mailto:lovett-at-tcnj.edu] Sent: Thursday, February 07, 2002 6:32 AM To: Tom Phillips Cc: "gtg990a-at-prism.gatech.edu"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com; Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Tom:
I read Ms Wang's message, thought the same thoughts you articulated here, and deleted the message. I think that we as a group should agree not to do homework for students. Thanks for sharing your thoughts with us and raising the issue.
Don
On Wed, 6 Feb 2002, Tom Phillips wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } I think your instructor's hope would be that you figured out the } answers to class problems on your own. Asking an expert in the field } and then simply regurgitating that information is a worthless } exercise. If you are going to invest the time and money required to } earn a degree, you might want to try to learn something along the } way. I am a big supporter of listservers but hate to see them used } in this way. } } } } } } } } To whom it may concern: } } } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of } } Technology. } } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we must } } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I hope will } } get answered ASAP: } } } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for } } microscopy } } rather than light? } } 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with the spatial } } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? } } 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the electron } } microscope? } } } } Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in helping me } } understand more of this subject. } } } } Sincerely, } } Jenny Wang } } } } ------------------------------------------------- } } Sent through Cyberbuzz- A Server for the Students } } http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/ } } -- } Thomas E. Phillips, Ph.D. } Associate Professor of Biological Sciences } Director, Molecular Cytology Core Facility } } 3 Tucker Hall } Division of Biological Sciences } University of Missouri } Columbia, MO 65211-7400 } (573)-882-4712 (voice) } (573)-882-0123 (fax) } }
______________________________________________________________________ Donald L. Lovett e-mail: lovett-at-tcnj.edu Assoc. Professor, Dept. of Biology voice: (609) 771-2876 P.O. Box 7718 fax: (609) 637-5118 The College of New Jersey Ewing, NJ 08628-0718
Greetings, I would like to find a distributor for Cargille Laser Liquids (series 5610). I would like to do some experiments involving immersion oils of varied RI in combination with mountants of differing RI in a manner similar to the method employed in:
Scalettar, Swedlow, Sedat & Agard. 1996. Dispersion, abberation and deconvolution in multi-wavelength fluorescence images. Journal of Microscopy. 182:1, 50-60.
Any advice regarding sources of reagents and techniques to adjust the RI of immersion media appropriate for LSCM/MP is welcome. Thanks in advance. -Karl G.
_______________________________________________ Karl Garsha Light Microscopy Specialist Imaging Technology Group Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illiniois at Urbana-Champaign 405 North Mathews Avenue Urbana, IL 61801 Room B650J Tel: (217) 244-6292 Fax: (217) 244-6219 www.itg.uiuc.edu
From root Thu Feb 7 14:31:53 2002 Return-Path: {Microscopy-request-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} Received: (from daemon-at-localhost) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) id OAA15738 for dist-Microscopy; Thu, 7 Feb 2002 14:26:25 -0600 (CST) Received: from no_more_spam.com (sparc5 [206.69.208.10]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with SMTP id OAA15734 for "MicroscopyFilteredEmail1-at-msa.microscopy.com"; Thu, 7 Feb 2002 14:25:54 -0600 (CST) Received: from mante65.nam.dow.com (mail1.dow.com [216.99.65.22]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with ESMTP id OAA15727 for {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} ; Thu, 7 Feb 2002 14:25:43 -0600 (CST) Received: by mante65.nam.dow.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id {D8514XLZ} ; Thu, 7 Feb 2002 15:21:41 -0500 Message-ID: {F98016EDC45DD411935900D0B781F18C04D19B2F-at-MANTE69}
Bob: You're likely to get a ton of vendor responses on this one, but I'll throw in a couple of general thoughts.
Disclaimer: the commercial products mentioned here are EXAMPLES. This use does not constitute any endorsement by myself or Dow Chemical or imply anything about the quality or applicability of the product. It also does not imply anything about the competitive products that are NOT mentioned.
First off, for image analysis, you need to keep ImageJ (http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/) in mind. It is public domain, is fully customizable (using Java language) has a wide range of users/developers around the world and works nicely. The user community is doing a lot of cool stuff, much of which gets back onto the ImageJ download page and is available for everyone else. This is the next generation of NIH Image, but it is now a Java app and runs well on MacOS, Windows, UNIX, Linux and any other OS that supports Java. You are likely to want something commercial for your "turnkey" stuff, like Image Pro+ (http://www.mediacy.com/), but ImageJ is a great tool to keep handy.
As for database/archive, I encourage you to do some math: How many images do you collect per year? How much additional information do you need to keep with those images in order for them to be useful? How many times do you need those images back after the project is complete? How long do you want to keep the images in on-line storage? How much on-line storage are you able to afford? Who will be administering the database and how much will that administration cost?
We deal with the issue by using our LIMS project number, then burning a CD(s) with all the images related to that project so that we can pull out the CD to retrieve the images. We leave the images on the network file server until the project is complete, then burn the CD and delete the on-line files.
If we have "definitive" or reference images, we keep those in on-line storage. These are the ones that really need to be part of a database.
One tool that has been useful is Thumbs+ (http://www.cerious.com/). We can make an image directory of the project CDs, then browse that to see if we can find the image we want. Thumbs+ is really aimed at a "smaller" operation of just a few people. One company that I know of with a product for maintaining a large-scale database is Advanced Database Systems (http://www.adsdb.com/), but there are others out there as well. Cost is proportional to scale!
Bill William A. Heeschen, Ph.D. The Dow Chemical Company Microscopy, Digital Imaging 1897 Bldg, E-84 / 2040 Bldg, 1330 waheeschen-at-dow.com
-----Original Message----- } From: Comstock, Robert J. [mailto:comstorj-at-westinghouse.com] Sent: Thursday, February 07, 2002 11:43 AM To: MicroscopyListserver (E-mail)
We have progressed during the past few years to where the majority of our optical and SEM images are digital rather than Polaroid prints. In addition, we also scan TEM negatives and store them digitally. I am interested in some recommendations for software that can store the images in a database so they can be easily retrieved by keywords and also software for image analysis (e.g., particle size, image analysis, etc.) What options are available that people have experience with. I'd be interested in hearing both pro and con.
Thanks,
Bob Comstock Westinghouse Electric Co. Pittsburgh, PA 15235
From root Thu Feb 7 16:17:32 2002 Return-Path: {Microscopy-request-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} Received: (from daemon-at-localhost) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) id QAA15976 for dist-Microscopy; Thu, 7 Feb 2002 16:02:05 -0600 (CST) Received: from no_more_spam.com (sparc5 [206.69.208.10]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with SMTP id QAA15973 for "MicroscopyFilteredEmail1-at-msa.microscopy.com"; Thu, 7 Feb 2002 16:01:35 -0600 (CST) Received: from postal1.lbl.gov (postal1.lbl.gov [128.3.7.82]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with ESMTP id PAA15936 for {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} ; Thu, 7 Feb 2002 15:47:02 -0600 (CST) Received: from SpamWall.lbl.gov (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by postal1.lbl.gov (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g17Lh0E25008 for {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} ; Thu, 7 Feb 2002 13:43:00 -0800 (PST) Received: from lbl.gov (maokeefe.wins.lbl.gov [131.243.3.225]) by SpamWall.lbl.gov (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g17LgxJ25002; Thu, 7 Feb 2002 13:42:59 -0800 (PST) Message-ID: {3C62F5F8.2463A63A-at-lbl.gov}
Don:
I'm afraid I disagree with you and Tom. Part of a scientist's training is to learn how to identify and use resources. And we (collectively) are a resource that I believe should be made available to all who can benefit. Of course, that leaves open
the question of whether the student benefits more by working things out in isolation,
or by seeking guidance from experts and either really understanding the answers or (hopefully not) merely regurgitating them by rote. One hopes that the intelligent student will reject the latter course.
Mike
Donald Lovett wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Tom: } } I read Ms Wang's message, thought the same thoughts you articulated here, } and deleted the message. I think that we as a group should agree not to } do homework for students. Thanks for sharing your thoughts with us and } raising the issue. } } Don } } On Wed, 6 Feb 2002, Tom Phillips wrote: } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } I think your instructor's hope would be that you figured out the } } answers to class problems on your own. Asking an expert in the field } } and then simply regurgitating that information is a worthless } } exercise. If you are going to invest the time and money required to } } earn a degree, you might want to try to learn something along the } } way. I am a big supporter of listservers but hate to see them used } } in this way. } } } } } } } } } } } } } To whom it may concern: } } } } } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of } } } Technology. } } } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we must } } } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I hope will } } } get answered ASAP: } } } } } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for } } } microscopy } } } rather than light? } } } 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with the spatial } } } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? } } } 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the electron } } } microscope? } } } } } } Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in helping me } } } understand more of this subject. } } } } } } Sincerely, } } } Jenny Wang } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------- } } } Sent through Cyberbuzz- A Server for the Students } } } http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/ } } } } -- } } Thomas E. Phillips, Ph.D. } } Associate Professor of Biological Sciences } } Director, Molecular Cytology Core Facility } } } } 3 Tucker Hall } } Division of Biological Sciences } } University of Missouri } } Columbia, MO 65211-7400 } } (573)-882-4712 (voice) } } (573)-882-0123 (fax) } } } } } } ______________________________________________________________________ } Donald L. Lovett e-mail: lovett-at-tcnj.edu } Assoc. Professor, Dept. of Biology voice: (609) 771-2876 } P.O. Box 7718 fax: (609) 637-5118 } The College of New Jersey } Ewing, NJ 08628-0718
In a message dated 2/7/02 12:22:59 PM, tartenon-at-netscape.net-at-sparc5.microscopy.com writes:
} My Understanding is that you can increase that resolution using Interpolation, } but the real resolution of the image will be 3.2 Megapixels with the Nikon } 995. I do not belive Olympus has 4 Megapixels non-interpolated (nor any } available digital camera)
It's really a lot more complicated than that. The actual spatial resolution of digital cameras is not simply the number of transistors on the chip (and in that regard I have the new Sony DSC-f707 which has 5 megapixels on the chip and produces awesome images, as compared to my Nikon 995). The problem is that the single chip cameras use an array of filters to expose some transistors to red, green and blue light. In order to get the image that is stored, they use interpolation to fill in the color information where it was not directly measured. The filters have broad wavelength coverage, and the interpolation schemes are pretty good (lots of patents in that area). But by direct measurement based on the Fourier power spectra none of these cameras has a spatial resolution that approaches the value you would expect based on the number of pixels in the stored image (which is usually the same as the number of transistors, except for Fuji who save images that have even more than that). For the Nikon and Sony cameras it is typical to find that the actual resolution elements across an image - beyond which you have empty magnification - number about 2/3 of the number of pixels. So a camera with 2000 transistors on each line (e.g., 2000 x 3000 = 6 megapixels) would probably measure as having about 1300-1350 elements of resolution (in other words, if you reduced the image to that size you would not really be discarding any information, and any enlargement beyond that size is empty).
The spatial resolution of the 5 M-pixel Sony is not as good as a 35 mm film camera, but it is extremely good all the same and certainly represents the best quality available now (and probably good enough for a great many applications) provided you store the image as uncompressed tif and don't throw away the important details by allowing the camera to use jpeg compression (which all of these cameras will do by default, to save memory). The tonal resolution - range of brightness values from dark to bright - is much more problematic. I have had good experience using high end consumer digital cameras for bright field microsopy, but they don't begin to have enough range for darkfield or fluorescence work. Remember that 8 bits is 256 grey levels, and even the cameras with internal 10 bits or more only produce about 8 bits on output because of the conversion from a linear detector to a film-like log output. Film easily covers several thousand discernible brightness steps, which would require a 12 bit or more range. That's why cooled cameras are used for these applications, and why the tiny chips used in consumer cameras won't work (the small transistors simply can't hold enough electrons to give that kind of dynamic range).
If you want to compare consumer type cameras, there is a wealth of unbiased information available online at {http://www.dpreview.com/reviews/specs.asp} . The discussion is centered on more typical photographic applications but there are comparative images, and a lot of info.
Digital cameras are great, and they save a lot of time and money. But don't expect an inexpensive consumer type camera to cover all applications.
Pixera 600-series digital camera produce non-interpolated honest/real 5.8M pixels, RGB.
gary g.
At 09:02 AM 2/7/2002, you wrote:
} Sorry You're Right I miss type the numbers it really is 3.2 Megapixels } where 2048 X 1536 = 3,145,728 (3.2 Megapixels) I'm using Nikon 995 and I } can Photograph Bright, Fluorescence Images My Understanding is that you } can increase that resolution using Interpolation, but the real resolution } of the image will be 3.2 Megapixels with the Nikon 995. I do not belive } Olympus has 4 Megapixels non-interpolated (nor any available digital camera)
Polaroid will not deliver the holder insert. Period. They did make a few of them. I saw a metal one, photocopied it and measured it. I have the insert spec's but not at home here. I could scan it and post it on my web page. The thing is only a thin but sturdy piece of sheet metal with rounded edges that has two slots to fit the two pegs in the 4X5 holder. The holder is bent or stamped to be slightly recessed, to equal the thickness of a sheet of film and the recess is the size of a sheet of film. This recess depth matches the rubberized surface of the regular 4X5 holder. You can make one from copper sheet stock or brass shim. You would make the outer thin and slotted piece the thickness of your film. Then solder on a thin piece of copper below the first piece to hold the film 'recessed'. I bought the copper material but then it did this:
} From a previous email: I have a Sprintscan 45i using binuscan as a driver 1.0.3 (wish I didn't). I could not get Polaroid to furnish any type of holder for 3.25 by 4 inch cut film, like SO-163. I put the film in sideways and use that. That raises questions about the focal plane of the film and it bending in the holder. These are minimal problems for me. However sometimes when the film is dried, it can be bent. So, I also have my own economy fix that you can build yourself.
Materials needed: 1 or 2 sheets of the cardboard that come with Kodak SO-163 film. An old exposed sheet or a new yellow sheet of SO-163 film. One clear sheet of developed clear and colorless SO-163 film. 20 inches of double back tape. A roll of 3M Scotchbrand® magic mending tape. One pair of scissors. Access to a paper cutter, optional. One 6 inch ruler with metric millimeters on it. One Sprintscan 45i 4X5 metal film holder. One magic marker to blacken all surfaces of the cardboard above (optional).
Cut one sheet of the cardboard so that it is square, 93 mm long and 36 mm high. It should fit snuggly in the opening of the film holder towards the locking nut or screw end. Once fitted, place a strip of 3M mending tape on the length of it so that only half of the tape is pressed onto the 93 mm long side by the opening for the film. Fold the tape over tightly, no wrinkles, and press the rest of the tape unto the opposite side of the blackened cardboard. This 93 mm edge will not fray from now on. Cut off any excess tape overhanging the ends. Take your colored film sheet and cut two pieces from the two good 4 inch straight edge sides. One piece will be "4 inches" ( actually 3 and 7/8ths) by 27 mm. The other will be "4 inches" by 12 mm. Take a piece of scrap 3 1/4 X 4" TEM film with an image on it and decide how much viewing area you are willing to sacrifice or lose at the edge of the micrograph that will go up against the cardboard side. 1-2 mm should be about right for a Philips CM12 piece of SO-163 3 ¼ X 4" cut film.
Place a 4 inch piece of double back tape on the back of the 27 mm wide piece so that it is flush against the 4 inch edge of it. Place it on the cardboard so that this 4 inch edge is recessed 1-2 mm from the 4 inch edge of the cardboard and centered so that 2-3 mm is overhanging the ends of the cardboard. Repeat this with the 12 mm piece and place it exactly on top of the first colored film piece. You now have a piece of cardboard with two pieces of centered colored film taped to it but inset 1-2 mm. The overhanging film edges will support this template holder in the Polaroid 4x5 holder, when installed.
(You can install more cardboard on the bottom of the first cardboard piece, if you want the holder to be more rigid.)
Take the 3.25 inch edge of the scrap colorless or developed film and cut a piece off 3 ¼ inches by 10 mm. Using double backed tape, install the tape so that it's length covers all 3.25 inches and it is set back 1-2 mm from the straight 3.25 inch edge of this colorless film piece. Turn it over, center it lengthwise over the dual stack of film and so that the colorless film's 3.25 inch edge is flush with the edge of the cardboard, not the colored dual film pieces. Press it into place on top of the colored film stack. You have now created a two film thick slot to insert your next TEM film into that you want to scan and it will be automatically aligned. The top piece is colorless to provide a view of how you are inserting the negative being mounted.
One job needs to be done. There is a peg on the 4x5 holder that your film to be scanned will rest up against. There is another one over by the locking mechanism. Cut the edge of the new template you made so that it has a notch that lines up with the peg nearest the locking screw. Press the ends of the template down onto the holder making sure it is square in the holder. You should now have an opening that is about 93 mm by 76 mm. That will be the area of your film that will be scanned. You will notice that the white or blackened cardboard is below the edge of the metal holder. Put a few pieces of mending tape around the template to hold it in place permanently and to keep it from sliding around.
To load the film holder: Slide the new film into the slot so that it is above the white cardboard and below the clear film piece. Slide the rest of the film up until it hits the one peg nearest the hinge. Square up the film if needed. Close the film holder. The film will be centered in the holder and flat all around the edges. The best part is this holder is FREE and only should take an hour or two to make.
My Polaroid scanner lasted 1½ years and is now defunct. When I turn it on, it moves the holder in and out continuously. It never initializes. It's not my favorite piece of equipment. I use a Powerlook III and it's much faster to scan with it. It does not have the OD range and resolution is worse but it didn't cost $7000. My customers don't complain. Use the Fuji setting for low constrast negs. Use regular transmission on high contrast negs. and invert.
Info on ordering UMAX scanner PLASTIC cut film holders that won't scratch the glass on your flat bed: Umax Phone: Area 510 - 651 - 4000 ext 3038 Parts are ordered from Fremont, Calf. only.
#SKIT-29002 PKG of 3 4" by 5" plastic cut film holders. $39.99
??? PKG of 5 2.25" by 3.25" holder $49.99 These holders can be routed out to make a 3 1/4 X 4" holder. It takes some skill to do this. Placing the 3x4 film in sideways in a 4x5 holder works just fine and that's what I use.
Paul Beauregard Sr. Research Associate PPG Industries Monroeville, PA 15146
} Last year I purchased this scanner and included a 3 1/4 x 4 1/4 negative } holder on the P.O., and have been waiting for the holder. Polaroid told } my sales rep that such a holder never existed and that John Warren no } longer worked a polaroid. } } } } Any help would be appreciated. } } Thanks, } } Don } } ______________________________________________________________________ } Donald L. Lovett e-mail: lovett-at-tcnj.edu } Assoc. Professor, Dept. of Biology voice: (609) 771-2876 } P.O. Box 7718 fax: (609) 637-5118 } The College of New Jersey } Ewing, NJ 08628-0718 } } } } } }
} Last year I purchased this scanner and included a 3 1/4 x 4 1/4 negative } holder on the P.O., and have been waiting for the holder. Polaroid told } my sales rep that such a holder never existed and that John Warren no } longer worked a polaroid. } } I have (and love) the Polaroid scanner, but am frustrated about not having } the appropriate film holder. Have any of you received this item, does it } have a part number, and how did you come to have it? } } Any help would be appreciated. } } Thanks, } } Don }
I assure all of you who responded to me that I will NOT be just regurgitating the information you have sent me. All the information was greatly appreciated, and hopefully I can understand it all to apply to my assignment. This is NOT just a homework assignment, and there is still much more that I am required to research and think about and discuss with my group before producing a final solution. The goal of our class is to learn how to research using different types of sources, and one of the ways we are told, when one has a limited amount of time to learn something, is to ask others who are more knowledgeable in the subject, professionals like yourselves. So thank you for your time for those who were kind enough to help me. Sincerely, Jenny
Quoting Michael O'Keefe {MAOKeefe-at-lbl.gov} :
} Don: } } I'm afraid I disagree with you and Tom. Part of a scientist's training } is to learn } how to identify and use resources. And we (collectively) are a resource } that I } believe should be made available to all who can benefit. Of course, } that leaves open } the question of whether the student benefits more by working things out } in isolation, } or by seeking guidance from experts and either really understanding the } answers or } (hopefully not) merely regurgitating them by rote. One hopes that the } intelligent } student will reject the latter course. } } Mike } } Donald Lovett wrote: } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } Tom: } } } } I read Ms Wang's message, thought the same thoughts you articulated } here, } } and deleted the message. I think that we as a group should agree not } to } } do homework for students. Thanks for sharing your thoughts with us } and } } raising the issue. } } } } Don } } } } On Wed, 6 Feb 2002, Tom Phillips wrote: } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } I think your instructor's hope would be that you figured out the } } } answers to class problems on your own. Asking an expert in the } field } } } and then simply regurgitating that information is a worthless } } } exercise. If you are going to invest the time and money required } to } } } earn a degree, you might want to try to learn something along the } } } way. I am a big supporter of listservers but hate to see them } used } } } in this way. } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } To whom it may concern: } } } } } } } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute } of } } } } Technology. } } } } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that } we must } } } } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that } I hope will } } } } get answered ASAP: } } } } } } } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons } for } } } } microscopy } } } } rather than light? } } } } 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with } the spatial } } } } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? } } } } 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the } electron } } } } microscope? } } } } } } } } Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in } helping me } } } } understand more of this subject. } } } } } } } } Sincerely, } } } } Jenny Wang } } } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------- } } } } Sent through Cyberbuzz- A Server for the Students } } } } http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/ } } } } } } -- } } } Thomas E. Phillips, Ph.D. } } } Associate Professor of Biological Sciences } } } Director, Molecular Cytology Core Facility } } } } } } 3 Tucker Hall } } } Division of Biological Sciences } } } University of Missouri } } } Columbia, MO 65211-7400 } } } (573)-882-4712 (voice) } } } (573)-882-0123 (fax) } } } } } } } } } } } ______________________________________________________________________ } } Donald L. Lovett e-mail: lovett-at-tcnj.edu } } Assoc. Professor, Dept. of Biology voice: (609) 771-2876 } } P.O. Box 7718 fax: (609) 637-5118 } } The College of New Jersey } } Ewing, NJ 08628-0718 } }
------------------------------------------------- Sent through Cyberbuzz- A Server for the Students http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/
The deadline for abstract submission for the Microscopy & Microanalysis 2002 (Quebec City, Canada) is rapidly approaching. Among the featured Symposia at this year meeting, "Electron Microscopy of Macro-, Micro- and Meso-porous Materials" will address the current state of the art.
The deadline for electronic abstract submission is February 15th. We look forward to seeing you in Quebec City!
Manuel E. Brito, AIST, Japan Douglas Blum, ORNL, USA Dear Colleagues,
-- _/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/ National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Synergy Materials Research Center
Manuel E. Brito, Eng. D.
Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8687 JAPAN Tel: +81-52-739-0135 Fax: +81-52-739-0136 e-mail: manuel-brito-at-aist.go.jp
Hi, I think you have meant 2160 lines per mm giving 0.46 um between two adjacent lines (a standard replica grating); 2600 lines per mm should give .38 um spacing.
Best regard from Prague Oldrich
On 6 Feb 2002 at 15:30, Dusevich, Vladimir wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } -----Original Message----- } } From: Brian Wajdyk [mailto:electronmicroscopist-at-hotmail.com] } } Sent: Wednesday, February 06, 2002 10:47 AM } } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } } Subject: measurement and calibration onthe SEM } } } } } } -------------------------------------------------------------- } } ---------- } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society } } of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help } } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -------------------------------------------------------------- } } ---------. } } } } } } Fellow Microscopists, } } } } SEM has historically been used for metrology of various } } structures. I can't } } seem to find much literature about the artifacts associated } } with this type } } of measurement. We do use the NIST standards to check the } } calibration of } } our equipment, but I haven't characterized how the different } } beam or sample } } parameters effect the measurements. What do you do? Has } } anyone figured out } } his or her actual accuracy and precision? We have found that } } we can safely } } give measurements within +/-5% taking into account most human } } and equipment } } errors. This is based on the precision of measurements made of NIST } } structures, measured the same way, over several years. On } } the other hand, } } the smallest structure we can measure on the standard is 2um } } (line and } } space. How do you determine at what magnification you will no longer } } Cheap grating replicas with 2600 lines per mm give 0.46 um per line, } and this is not too bad for calibrating 50,000 magnification. I am } happy I do not need certified standards. } } } guarantee the measurement? I see that my MRS-3 from Geller } } says it's for } } 10x to 50kX. How do they figure out that the max magnification it is } } useful? Maybe it as simple as being able to fit the structure on the } } Maximum useful magnification is very specimen dependant, especially } for low voltage and low vacuum modes. Of course, for digital images } it is possible to check brightness profiles and if they have slopes } on edges of features, then measure "size" on half height of the slope. } But I am not aware about publications which dependably justify this kind } of measurements (manipulations with brightness and contrast and } specimen tilt could change slopes significantly). } } } screen. If that were true, you would expect that the } } instrument would also } } be calibrated to a much higher magnification. How high could } } I say it is } } accurate to? Can I safely measure a 1000A line assuming no } } It depends on resolution for your microscope/specimens and on } calibration standard you are using. And I think periodic lines with } spacing 2 um not really good standard to measure feature with } the size of 0.1 um. } } } obvious issues } } (i.e. drift)? Can anyone educate me more on this topic or } } If you have visible drift during single exposure, then something } wrong with microscope or specimen preparation technique. } } } point me to } } resources? } } } } } } Things that could effect measurements (feel free to add to list): } } Drift (mechanical / beam)- } } exposure time should be small for significant drift. } } } Charging (obvious or stretching of image from a slow scan) } } Magnification (adjusted for each set of lens relays) } } Could be eliminated with proper calibration. } } } kV (surface vs. subsurface image) } } Working Distance } } Could be eliminated with proper calibration. } } } Delineation method (raised vs. depression, materials contrast) } } Amount of delineation (3D effect) } } Resolution (near resolution limit of SEM?) } } Contrast (or lack of, bright / dark line) } } Edge effect (bright line) } } Consistency between tools (calibration, etc.) } } Consistency between methods (SEM, TEM, ellipsometry, AFM, etc.) } } Operator's eye (where to measure. Measure outside to inside, } } center to } } center, out to out, in to in?) } } Variance in measured layer thickness (topography, sloped } } profile (i.e. base } } larger than top)) } } Angle to beam } } Preparation methods (polish (i.e. smearing), cleave (i.e. } } pull of soft } } material), FIB (i.e. angle)) } } Type of algorithm if doing it automatically (i.e. %50 threshold) } } Some of the things you have mentioned relate to specimen/experiment, } to stereology, but not to microscope. For example, if I need to measure } size of depression without sharp edges, I have to find (or at least to } declare)right procedure for it's measurements. May be I have to perform } stereo measurements and define an edge as a place, where a depth of } depression become equal to 0.1 um (or 10% of total depth, or } whatever else, depending on a study). } } And thank you for your extensive list - it is very helpful for } observation of the problem. And about additions to your list - } I think everybody can say something. For example recently I tried } to measure in ESEM thickness of a layer which, as it turned out, } was a viscous liquid... } } Regards, } } Vladimir } } } Vladimir M. Dusevich, Ph.D. } Electron Microscope Lab Manager } 3127 School of Dentistry } 650 E. 25th Street } Kansas City, MO 64108-2784 } } Phone: (816) 235-2072 } Fax: (816) 235-5524 } Web: http://www.umkc.edu/dentistry/microscopy } } }
+-----------------------------------+ Oldrich Benada Acad. Sci. CR Institute of Microbiology Laboratory of electron microscopy Videnska 1083 CZ - 142 20 Prague 4 - Krc Czech Republic +------------------------------------+ Phone: +420-2-4752399 Fax: +420-2-4752347 WEB:http://www.biomed.cas.cz/mbu/lem113/lem.htm
Greetings all; can anyone provide the formulation for Hank's buffer? I have looked in all of my books (most, but not all of which, admittedly, lean towards plants) and can't find a single reference. It is called for in a protocol for controlling autofluorescence in aldehyde fixed tissue.
thanks in advance shea
Dr. S. Shea Miller Agriculture & AgriFood Canada Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Research Centre Rm. 2068, K.W. Neatby Bldg. Central Experimental Farm Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 Phone: (613)759-1760 Fax: (613)759-1701 E-mail: millers-at-em.agr.ca
I have two sets of data to interpreted: 1) X-ray rocking curve data, to analyze the defect (damage) of the wafer surface. 2) XPS data, to trace how the wafer surface composition will change with the increasing of sputtering time.
I need to have some fundamental idea of these two theories to interpreted data. Do you have any recommendations of the textbooks, or other papers I should read?
I have been quite happy with SIS Analysis package and database. We generate about 10-15k images a year here and it does a nice job managing it all and keeping relevant data with the images. My users may place a copy of the full program on their PC and run the analysis offline hooking directly to the network served db (MS Access based) and a new option will soon allow my users to log in with a web browser and query the db for their data directly- password protected and everything (hit a couple of snags and don't have it worked out yet). All three SEM's capture directly into the db, TEM data is dragged and dropped after capture, and I hope to soon have the LM directly capturing into it as well. I just haven't gotten it installed yet.
Hitachi distributes PCI quartz which seems very similar though I have no experience with it.
On the cheap side there is a program called thumbs+ from Cerious software for simple archiving.
Scott Whittaker SEM Lab Manager Smithsonian Institution PO Box 37012 MRC104 National Museum of Natural History Washington DC 20560-0104 202-357-1651
} } } "Comstock, Robert J." {comstorj-at-westinghouse.com} 02/07/02 11:42AM } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
We have progressed during the past few years to where the majority of our optical and SEM images are digital rather than Polaroid prints. In addition, we also scan TEM negatives and store them digitally. I am interested in some recommendations for software that can store the images in a database so they can be easily retrieved by keywords and also software for image analysis (e.g., particle size, image analysis, etc.) What options are available that people have experience with. I'd be interested in hearing both pro and con.
Thanks,
Bob Comstock Westinghouse Electric Co. Pittsburgh, PA 15235
I'm rather embarrassed that some of the members of this listserver were too narrow minded and/or arrogant to see that Ms. Wang was using this group of experts as a source, just as one would use a book. And besides, if she were just going to "regurgitate" the information learned here, wouldn't she just be doing the same with information pulled from a book?
I suddenly feel dirty somehow... Oh my God... It won't wash off!
Jeff (I'm in for it now) Oakley
} } I think your instructor's hope would be that you figured out the } } answers to class problems on your own. Asking an expert in the field } } and then simply regurgitating that information is a worthless } } exercise. If you are going to invest the time and money required to } } earn a degree, you might want to try to learn something along the } } way. I am a big supporter of listservers but hate to see them used } } in this way. } } } } } } } } To whom it may concern: } } } } } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of } } } Technology. } } } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we must } } } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I hope will } } } get answered ASAP: } } } } } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for } } } microscopy } } } rather than light? } } } 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with the spatial } } } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? } } } 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the electron } } } microscope? } } } } } } Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in helping me } } } understand more of this subject. } } } } } } Sincerely, } } } Jenny Wang
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******************************************************************* Lucille A. Giannuzzi, Ph.D.
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by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) id JAA17530 for dist-Microscopy; Fri, 8 Feb 2002 09:00:11 -0600 (CST) Received: from no_more_spam.com (sparc5 [206.69.208.10]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with SMTP id IAA17527 for "MicroscopyFilteredEmail1-at-msa.microscopy.com"; Fri, 8 Feb 2002 08:59:40 -0600 (CST) Received: from www.matscieng.sunysb.edu (www.matscieng.sunysb.edu [129.49.36.33]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA17520 for {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} ; Fri, 8 Feb 2002 08:59:29 -0600 (CST) Received: (from jquinn-at-localhost) by www.matscieng.sunysb.edu (8.11.6/8.11.6) id g18ErCT04893 for Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com; Fri, 8 Feb 2002 09:53:12 -0500
Don -
College students should not broadcast messages seeking answers to elementary questions. Additionally, the use of "ASAP" was a bad idea.
JQuinn
PS: I sent Jenny Wang's message to her Chairperson and UG Program Director.
} From Microscopy-request-at-sparc5.microscopy.com Fri Feb 8 03:44:15 2002 } Date: Thu, 07 Feb 2002 13:47:36 -0800 } From: "Michael O'Keefe" {MAOKeefe-at-lbl.gov} } Organization: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: Re: Questions on the Electron Microscope } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Don: } } I'm afraid I disagree with you and Tom. Part of a scientist's training is to learn } how to identify and use resources. And we (collectively) are a resource that I } believe should be made available to all who can benefit. Of course, that leaves open } } the question of whether the student benefits more by working things out in isolation, } } or by seeking guidance from experts and either really understanding the answers or } (hopefully not) merely regurgitating them by rote. One hopes that the intelligent } student will reject the latter course. } } Mike } } Donald Lovett wrote: } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } Tom: } } } } I read Ms Wang's message, thought the same thoughts you articulated here, } } and deleted the message. I think that we as a group should agree not to } } do homework for students. Thanks for sharing your thoughts with us and } } raising the issue. } } } } Don } } } } On Wed, 6 Feb 2002, Tom Phillips wrote: } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } I think your instructor's hope would be that you figured out the } } } answers to class problems on your own. Asking an expert in the field } } } and then simply regurgitating that information is a worthless } } } exercise. If you are going to invest the time and money required to } } } earn a degree, you might want to try to learn something along the } } } way. I am a big supporter of listservers but hate to see them used } } } in this way. } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } To whom it may concern: } } } } } } } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of } } } } Technology. } } } } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we must } } } } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I hope will } } } } get answered ASAP: } } } } } } } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for } } } } microscopy } } } } rather than light? } } } } 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with the spatial } } } } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? } } } } 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the electron } } } } microscope? } } } } } } } } Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in helping me } } } } understand more of this subject. } } } } } } } } Sincerely, } } } } Jenny Wang } } } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------- } } } } Sent through Cyberbuzz- A Server for the Students } } } } http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/ } } } } } } -- } } } Thomas E. Phillips, Ph.D. } } } Associate Professor of Biological Sciences } } } Director, Molecular Cytology Core Facility } } } } } } 3 Tucker Hall } } } Division of Biological Sciences } } } University of Missouri } } } Columbia, MO 65211-7400 } } } (573)-882-4712 (voice) } } } (573)-882-0123 (fax) } } } } } } } } } } ______________________________________________________________________ } } Donald L. Lovett e-mail: lovett-at-tcnj.edu } } Assoc. Professor, Dept. of Biology voice: (609) 771-2876 } } P.O. Box 7718 fax: (609) 637-5118 } } The College of New Jersey } } Ewing, NJ 08628-0718 } }
In a message dated 2/8/02 10:07:03 AM, jquinn-at-www.matscieng.sunysb.edu writes:
} College students should not broadcast messages seeking answers } to elementary questions.
Some of them do things even worse than that. As the author of a moderately well known book on image analysis I get several messages each week asking questions that boil down to something like this:
"I've been asked to report on X. Could you give me a concise answer so I won't have to read and digest all of the information in your text? Oh, and I need it by tomorrow.
The only question that is even more annoying is "I can't afford your book. Would you please send me a copy?"
The art of reading, digesting and combining information from multiple sources is vital in education. To try to short cut this and get someone else to chew the food for you and then regurgitate it is not only lazy and dishonest, it also prevents students from learning to think, which is a more important part of education than the factual stuff they seem to be dealing with.
While Jenny's questions were rather vague and sounded like she was looking for an easy answer to an assignment, we should probably give students the benefit of the doubt. How many times have *we* presented ill-formed questions when we were not quite sure of what we were asking?
I agree that we should not do a student's assignment for him, but perhaps we can somewhat more gently steer them to the source of the answers rather than flame them. I think that if the questions sound inappropriate, we can make a comment to the effect that we're not going to provide the answer, but only the source of the info. The ensuing discussion may lead to a sharpening of the question as the student thinks though what he is trying to ask. While there are, indeed, students looking for the easy way out, we need to be careful not to flame the student who framed the question poorly.
Cheers, Henk Colijn
{...much deleted material...}
Hendrik O. Colijn colijn.1-at-osu.edu Campus Electron Optics Facility Ohio State University (614) 292-0674 http://www.ceof.ohio-state.edu Fools are pleased when they discover error. The wise are pleased when they discover truth.
Jeff: I am assuming from your rayovac.com you are not an educator. That doesn't disqualify your opinion but I would be more worried if other currently teaching academics widely expressed this view. Learning to look something up in the library is part of the teaching assignment. Finding the correct information and distilling it is not trivial. Most experts on the listserver could answer each of those questions in a few concise sentences. You would be hard pressed to find any source in a library in which you found the question followed by the answer. When you read the literature, lots of time you end up reading additional information on peripheral topics that add to the learning process. More importantly, students constantly give me sentences in their papers that are clearly paraphrased from the literature. I am not suggesting this constitutes plagiarism but it is often apparent from the sentence that they don't really understand what it means. They think they do but when I discuss it with them, they are unable to explain the sophisticated sentence in basic terms. Students frequently comment in my teaching evaluations that the most important thing they learned in class was that memorizing and rephrasing the literature doesn't equate to real understanding. If the instructor wanted them simply to ask an expert to get the bottom line answer, why didn't the instructor simply say it in lecture or give them a handout? Don't you think the instructor knew? Do you think a bioengineering class was designed to teach web surfing tools. I don't know if you should feel dirty but I think your batteries need recharging. Tom Phillips
} } } I'm rather embarrassed that some of the members of this listserver were too } narrow minded and/or arrogant to see that Ms. Wang was using this group of } experts as a source, just as one would use a book. And besides, if she were } just going to "regurgitate" the information learned here, wouldn't she just } be doing the same with information pulled from a book? } } I suddenly feel dirty somehow... Oh my God... It won't wash off! } } } Jeff (I'm in for it now) Oakley } } } } } } I think your instructor's hope would be that you figured out the } } } answers to class problems on your own. Asking an expert in the field } } } and then simply regurgitating that information is a worthless } } } exercise. If you are going to invest the time and money required to } } } earn a degree, you might want to try to learn something along the } } } way. I am a big supporter of listservers but hate to see them used } } } in this way. } } } } } } } } } } } To whom it may concern: } } } } } } } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of } } } } Technology. } } } } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we } must } } } } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I } hope will } } } } get answered ASAP: } } } } } } } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for } } } } microscopy } } } } rather than light? } } } } 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with the } spatial } } } } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? } } } } 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the electron } } } } microscope? } } } } } } } } Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in helping } me } } } } understand more of this subject. } } } } } } } } Sincerely, } } } } Jenny Wang
-- Thomas E. Phillips, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Director, Molecular Cytology Core Facility
3 Tucker Hall Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211-7400 (573)-882-4712 (voice) (573)-882-0123 (fax)
Listers, I am in need of a used but functional EDS detector ported for an ETEC AUTOSCAN SEM. Preferences being Tracor/Noran, Kevex, PGT or EDAX, T/W if possible. If anyone has any leads, please feel free to contact me off line. Thanks in advance.
Gary M. Easton, President Scanners Corporation 90 Aileron Court, Suite 6 Westminster, Maryland USA 21157 410.857.7633(v) 410.857.7636(f) www.scannerscorp.com
Which software environment you choose depends largely on your needs. Most people need a standard package which is easy to use and there are several software packages on the market. Do you want to do basic image analysis or do you ever want to do more complicated analysis on large datasets, this will influence your choice. Most users "use" imaging software and don't do a lot of basic image algorithm development themselves.
Most of the software is available for both Windows and Macintosh, like the "NIH-Image" family. There is also AnalySIS and ImagePro Plus. For EM there is specialised software from Gatan and a software package like KHOROS is also suitable.
There are several image databases available, I believe there are now several packages available with a web based interface which enables you to browse the database through a webbrowser.
Best regards,
Peter
} -----Original Message----- } } From: Comstock, Robert J. [mailto:comstorj-at-westinghouse.com] } Sent: Thursday, February 07, 2002 11:43 AM } To: MicroscopyListserver (E-mail) } Subject: Database/image analysis for digital images } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } We have progressed during the past few years to where the majority of our } optical and SEM images are digital rather than Polaroid prints. In addition, } we also scan TEM negatives and store them digitally. I am interested in } some recommendations for software that can store the images in a database so } they can be easily retrieved by keywords and also software for image } analysis (e.g., particle size, image analysis, etc.) What options are } available that people have experience with. I'd be interested in hearing } both pro and con. } } Thanks, } } Bob Comstock } Westinghouse Electric Co. } Pittsburgh, PA 15235
-- Dr. Peter Van Osta
Union Biometrica N.V./S.A. European Scientific Operations
I am new to this listserve so I hesitated to respond, but here it goes. I think a student's questions should be answered in a fashion as you suggest. Mining all resources for information (including media such as this) is a very necessary skill in todays (and definitely tomorrows) world. Whether we agree or not, searching table of contents in the hardcopy library is becoming less and less valuable. Having high school students as children, I have been exposed to a tremendous opportunity for expeditious research covering a broad spectrum of resources using this media. At this time, a combination of hardcopy library and electronic media seems appropriate.
The concern of regurgitation may be moot. After all, from what I have read, this student may very well have the best of intentions and will list this server as her information source. This is an ethical question only she can answer for herself. In addition, it's certainly possible that this is a small fraction of her group's assignment and gleaning the answers to preliminary questions here will only open doors to deeper understanding later.
Obviously, to use a resource such as this to do frequent homework assignments is a mis-use of our time. However, the natural and logical consequences are for the student to deal with when he/she reconciles with the ethical questions and attempts to enter the job market.
Jenny, you are to be commended on your fine response to the negative comments of some of "my" listserver colleagues. Those of us with 10-25 years of "hand's on experience" in various aspects of microscopy are a valuable asset of knowledge for new students in our field. Likewise, there is much we can hopefully learn your age group. Good luck!
Bruce F. Ingber, Biologist USDA-ARS, SRRC 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd. New Orleans, LA 70124 bingber-at-srrc.ars.usda.gov 504-286-4270 phone 504-286-4419 fax
We need to purchase a new calibration standard for our SEM that gets us down to the next level. We need to have accuracy down to 0.010 microns. We have been using the Geller MRS-3 and now are considering purchasing the MRS-4 traceable standard. I believe this will give us what we need but I was wondering if there are other standards out there that are better, the same, worse? I need to hear from the calibration specialists out there. Thanks,
Mark Windland Honeywell Minneapolis, Minnesota 763-954-2845
I am looking for some SEM images of semiconductor circuits. Would like to have a range of magnifications and view angles from those that show whole die with bond pads and leads to close-ups of circiut elements. Looking for interesting features and topography. These will be used as guides to build some 3D models for a SEM animation video I am working on. If anyone can supply images for this project please send them to me via E-mail.
Thanks for your help!
Roy Beavers Southern Methodist University Dept. of Geological Sciences Electron Microprobe Lab P.O. Box 750395 Dallas, Tx 75275 voice: 214-768-2756 fax: 214-768-2701 E-mail: rbeavers-at-mail.smu.edu
Though I was not in on the discussion, I am going to throw in my two cents.
When I read the original post, it looked like someone had a test sheet, or assignment sheet, with those questions on it. The request appeared to be for direct answers to those questions. It did not surprise me that this fine collection of knowledge would conclude that someone was trying to shortcut the leaning process, and avoid really learning a subject. If the student was going to just "regurgitate" something from a book, then we have not contributed to the current decay in the quality of the knowledge, and understanding, in the students receiving degrees. Those posts that did give excellent research sources, ignoring the APPARENT shortcut, did well in my view. If the request was for help in understanding a concept, function, process, etc., then a more direct answer from an expert becomes extremely valuable.
I don't think ANYBODY on the list should be embarrassed or ashamed. Had Ms. Wang requested help in a different manner, she would have gotten a stream of replies with all sorts of information, and the simple, fill out the test, answers probably would have been in there, also.
Darrell
"Oakley, Jeff" {oakleyj-at-rayovac.com} on 02/08/2002 08:42:30 AM
To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com cc:
I'm rather embarrassed that some of the members of this listserver were too narrow minded and/or arrogant to see that Ms. Wang was using this group of experts as a source, just as one would use a book. And besides, if she were just going to "regurgitate" the information learned here, wouldn't she just be doing the same with information pulled from a book?
I suddenly feel dirty somehow... Oh my God... It won't wash off!
Jeff (I'm in for it now) Oakley
} } I think your instructor's hope would be that you figured out the } } answers to class problems on your own. Asking an expert in the field } } and then simply regurgitating that information is a worthless } } exercise. If you are going to invest the time and money required to } } earn a degree, you might want to try to learn something along the } } way. I am a big supporter of listservers but hate to see them used } } in this way. } } } } } } } } To whom it may concern: } } } } } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of } } } Technology. } } } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we must } } } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I hope will } } } get answered ASAP: } } } } } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for } } } microscopy } } } rather than light? } } } 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with the spatial } } } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? } } } 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the electron } } } microscope? } } } } } } Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in helping me } } } understand more of this subject. } } } } } } Sincerely, } } } Jenny Wang
} Gentlemen, } } I disagree and find this attitude somewhat surprising coming from educators. } I took the time to answer her questions and encourage her in her studies. I } believe this list is just as valuable a resource as any other method she } could have used. I believe students should feel comfortable in using it in } the attempt to "learn something along the way".
Her instructor wanted her to research the answer, otherwise he would have told her the answers (to her very elementary questions) himself. Asking someone other than her instructor is not research. The way her questions were asked indicated to me that she was merely repeating questions she had been asked. As for identifying sources of information, a college-level biology text would have the answers she wanted. A text book on EM would have the answers. Even a web site on EM would have the answers. She did not look for any of those, she tried to get the answers handed to her with no more effort than a e-mail. She probable still does not know that all of those other resources exist. What will she do if her server goes down? At my institution, we insist that students look up simple, straightforward facts for themselves rather than using the faculty as encyclopeidas. That is what the textbook is for. Once they are in possession of the facts, we then ask them to use them to solve problems. We don't view reciting facts to students as higher education.
} Roy Beavers } Southern Methodist University } Dept. of Geological Sciences } Electron Microprobe Lab } P.O. Box 750395 } Dallas, Tx 75275 } voice: 214-768-2756 } fax: 214-768-2701 } E-mail: rbeavers-at-mail.smu.edu } } } } -----Original Message----- } From: Geoff McAuliffe [mailto:mcauliff-at-UMDNJ.EDU] } Sent: Thursday, February 07, 2002 11:59 AM } To: Donald Lovett } Cc: Tom Phillips; Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: Re: Questions on the Electron Microscope } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } I agree with Don and Tom. } } Donald Lovett wrote: } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } Tom: } } } } I read Ms Wang's message, thought the same thoughts you articulated here, } } and deleted the message. I think that we as a group should agree not to } } do homework for students. Thanks for sharing your thoughts with us and } } raising the issue. } } } } Don } } } } On Wed, 6 Feb 2002, Tom Phillips wrote: } } } } } } } I think your instructor's hope would be that you figured out the } } } answers to class problems on your own. Asking an expert in the field } } } and then simply regurgitating that information is a worthless } } } exercise. If you are going to invest the time and money required to } } } earn a degree, you might want to try to learn something along the } } } way. I am a big supporter of listservers but hate to see them used } } } in this way. } } } } } } } } } } } To whom it may concern: } } } } } } } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of } } } } Technology. } } } } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we } must } } } } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I } hope will } } } } get answered ASAP: } } } } } } } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for } } } } microscopy } } } } rather than light? } } } } 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with the } spatial } } } } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? } } } } 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the electron } } } } microscope? } } } } } } } } Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in helping } me } } } } understand more of this subject. } } } } } } } } Sincerely, } } } } Jenny Wang } } } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------- } } } } Sent through Cyberbuzz- A Server for the Students } } } } http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/ } } } } } } -- } } } Thomas E. Phillips, Ph.D. } } } Associate Professor of Biological Sciences } } } Director, Molecular Cytology Core Facility } } } } } } 3 Tucker Hall } } } Division of Biological Sciences } } } University of Missouri } } } Columbia, MO 65211-7400 } } } (573)-882-4712 (voice) } } } (573)-882-0123 (fax) } } } } } } } } } } ______________________________________________________________________ } } Donald L. Lovett e-mail: lovett-at-tcnj.edu } } Assoc. Professor, Dept. of Biology voice: (609) 771-2876 } } P.O. Box 7718 fax: (609) 637-5118 } } The College of New Jersey } } Ewing, NJ 08628-0718 } } Geoff } -- } ********************************************** } Geoff McAuliffe, Ph.D. } Neuroscience and Cell Biology } Robert Wood Johnson Medical School } 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 } voice: (732)-235-4583; fax: -4029 } mcauliff-at-umdnj.edu } **********************************************
-- ********************************************** Geoff McAuliffe, Ph.D. Neuroscience and Cell Biology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 voice: (732)-235-4583; fax: -4029 mcauliff-at-umdnj.edu **********************************************
John; You are correct about the small CCDs of consumer digital cameras have sever performance deficiencies due to their small pixel size. The F707 and other consumer digital cameras that use the same chip (2/3"-Nikon 5000 and Olympus E20N) suffer from noise even in visible light photographs. The Nikon D1X and the new Canon EOS 1D(advertised 11.5 µm pixels) are significant improvements, but cost $6000 just for the camera body! One organization addressing this problem is http://www.fredmiranda.com/Action_profilesPage/index.html where they discuss and sell Photoshop plug-ins for noise reduction. Another digital camera site I really like is: http://www.imaging-resource.com/
John Mardinly Intel
-----Original Message----- } From: "DrJohnRuss%aol.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com [mailto:"DrJohnRuss%aol.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com] Sent: Thursday, February 07, 2002 4:50 PM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
In a message dated 2/7/02 12:22:59 PM, tartenon-at-netscape.net-at-sparc5.microscopy.com writes:
} My Understanding is that you can increase that resolution using Interpolation, } but the real resolution of the image will be 3.2 Megapixels with the Nikon } 995. I do not belive Olympus has 4 Megapixels non-interpolated (nor any } available digital camera)
It's really a lot more complicated than that. The actual spatial resolution of digital cameras is not simply the number of transistors on the chip (and in that regard I have the new Sony DSC-f707 which has 5 megapixels on the chip and produces awesome images, as compared to my Nikon 995). The problem is that the single chip cameras use an array of filters to expose some transistors to red, green and blue light. In order to get the image that is stored, they use interpolation to fill in the color information where it was
not directly measured. The filters have broad wavelength coverage, and the interpolation schemes are pretty good (lots of patents in that area). But by
direct measurement based on the Fourier power spectra none of these cameras has a spatial resolution that approaches the value you would expect based on
the number of pixels in the stored image (which is usually the same as the number of transistors, except for Fuji who save images that have even more than that). For the Nikon and Sony cameras it is typical to find that the actual resolution elements across an image - beyond which you have empty magnification - number about 2/3 of the number of pixels. So a camera with 2000 transistors on each line (e.g., 2000 x 3000 = 6 megapixels) would probably measure as having about 1300-1350 elements of resolution (in other words, if you reduced the image to that size you would not really be discarding any information, and any enlargement beyond that size is empty).
The spatial resolution of the 5 M-pixel Sony is not as good as a 35 mm film camera, but it is extremely good all the same and certainly represents the best quality available now (and probably good enough for a great many applications) provided you store the image as uncompressed tif and don't throw away the important details by allowing the camera to use jpeg compression (which all of these cameras will do by default, to save memory).
The tonal resolution - range of brightness values from dark to bright - is much more problematic. I have had good experience using high end consumer digital cameras for bright field microsopy, but they don't begin to have enough range for darkfield or fluorescence work. Remember that 8 bits is 256
grey levels, and even the cameras with internal 10 bits or more only produce
about 8 bits on output because of the conversion from a linear detector to a
film-like log output. Film easily covers several thousand discernible brightness steps, which would require a 12 bit or more range. That's why cooled cameras are used for these applications, and why the tiny chips used in consumer cameras won't work (the small transistors simply can't hold enough electrons to give that kind of dynamic range).
If you want to compare consumer type cameras, there is a wealth of unbiased information available online at {http://www.dpreview.com/reviews/specs.asp} .
The discussion is centered on more typical photographic applications but there are comparative images, and a lot of info.
Digital cameras are great, and they save a lot of time and money. But don't expect an inexpensive consumer type camera to cover all applications.
Having read the comments on both sides I tend to think that part of the problem was due to quite a bit of misunderstanding (mainly on our part). I too had the same negative reaction when I first read Ms. Wang's e-mail. The way the first e-mail read I felt that the student was trying to have others solve her assignment problem ( which is why I did not respond to her request). My reaction changed however when I read her latest e-mail explaining more the nature of the exercise. I hope I learned from this experience and that in the future I will have a better attitude and ask first for more information before I decide to give an answer.
Jordi
-----Original Message----- } From: Oakley, Jeff [mailto:oakleyj-at-rayovac.com] Sent: Friday, February 08, 2002 8:43 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
I'm rather embarrassed that some of the members of this listserver were too narrow minded and/or arrogant to see that Ms. Wang was using this group of experts as a source, just as one would use a book. And besides, if she were just going to "regurgitate" the information learned here, wouldn't she just be doing the same with information pulled from a book?
I suddenly feel dirty somehow... Oh my God... It won't wash off!
Jeff (I'm in for it now) Oakley
} } I think your instructor's hope would be that you figured out the } } answers to class problems on your own. Asking an expert in the field } } and then simply regurgitating that information is a worthless } } exercise. If you are going to invest the time and money required to } } earn a degree, you might want to try to learn something along the } } way. I am a big supporter of listservers but hate to see them used } } in this way. } } } } } } } } To whom it may concern: } } } } } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of } } } Technology. } } } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we must } } } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I hope will } } } get answered ASAP: } } } } } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for } } } microscopy } } } rather than light? } } } 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with the spatial } } } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? } } } 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the electron } } } microscope? } } } } } } Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in helping me } } } understand more of this subject. } } } } } } Sincerely, } } } Jenny Wang
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } I'm rather embarrassed that some of the members of this listserver were too } narrow minded and/or arrogant to see that Ms. Wang was using this group of } experts as a source, just as one would use a book.
Thank you. Do all disagreements with your educational philosophy fall under this umbrella?
} And besides, if she were } just going to "regurgitate" the information learned here, wouldn't she just } be doing the same with information pulled from a book?
The point is, she didn't use a book. Rather than look it up for herself she tried to get someone else to give her the answers. Rather like the old rubric about teaching a man to fish instead of giving him a fish.
} I suddenly feel dirty somehow... Oh my God... It won't wash off! } } Jeff (I'm in for it now) Oakley } } } } I think your instructor's hope would be that you figured out the } } } answers to class problems on your own. Asking an expert in the field } } } and then simply regurgitating that information is a worthless } } } exercise. If you are going to invest the time and money required to } } } earn a degree, you might want to try to learn something along the } } } way. I am a big supporter of listservers but hate to see them used } } } in this way. } } } } } } } } } } } To whom it may concern: } } } } } } } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of } } } } Technology. } } } } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we } must } } } } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I } hope will } } } } get answered ASAP: } } } } } } } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for } } } } microscopy } } } } rather than light? } } } } 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with the } spatial } } } } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? } } } } 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the electron } } } } microscope? } } } } } } } } Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in helping } me } } } } understand more of this subject. } } } } } } } } Sincerely, } } } } Jenny Wang
Geoff -- ********************************************** Geoff McAuliffe, Ph.D. Neuroscience and Cell Biology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 voice: (732)-235-4583; fax: -4029 mcauliff-at-umdnj.edu **********************************************
You are correct, I am not an educator. I also agree with you whole heartedly that when someone reads a text in search of information, they learn a great deal more than they had planned on... It happens to me every time I pick up a book in search of an answer to a question. I'm sure this probably was the intent of the instructor.
The point I should have made in my previous post is that instead of shutting someone down and "scolding" them (which is exactly what some of the listers did) for what appeared to be a Cliff's Notes research method, the person should have been guided to useful web pages or texts that would have made them find the answers for themselves (which other posters did - kudos to those).
It is possible to be helpful while at the same time not giving someone a free ride.
I don't think my batteries are dead, Tom, I just think we are operating at different voltages.
Jeff
-----Original Message----- } From: Tom Phillips [mailto:PhillipsT-at-missouri.edu] Sent: Friday, February 08, 2002 9:26 AM To: Oakley, Jeff Cc: Microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com
While I am no longer in academia, were that not the case, I might have a different view. However, consider the future relative to all students.
If they are aspiring to science, microscopy, etc., given their experience with MSA as a student, what might their opinion be when they become professionals? Isn't it possible that they could have a bad taste in their mouth about MSA in particular and the list specifically?
I don't belive that professionals should answer student's questions in a concise and packaged format. Rather, professionals should be used primarily as pointers to sources of information. Sometimes, they might provide specific data. Either way, it should (emphasis) stimulate the student towards their goal. If their motivation for seeking information from professionals is simply to get their assignment done, this could lead to several consequences. One of these is that they will not know the material and will be unable to perform as an employee.
It seems that this point is what most listers should be concerned about--and probably are.
} -----Original Message----- } From: Oldrich Benada [mailto:benada-at-biomed.cas.cz] } Sent: Friday, February 08, 2002 2:20 AM } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: RE: measurement and calibration onthe SEM } } } -------------------------------------------------------------- } ---------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society } of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -------------------------------------------------------------- } ---------. } } } Hi, } I think you have meant 2160 lines per mm giving 0.46 um between two } adjacent lines (a standard replica grating); 2600 lines per mm should } give .38 um spacing. } } Best regard from Prague } Oldrich } } } } On 6 Feb 2002 at 15:30, Dusevich, Vladimir wrote: } } } } -------------------------------------------------------------- } ---------- } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy } Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -------------------------------------------------------------- } ---------. } } } } } } } } } } } -----Original Message----- } } } From: Brian Wajdyk [mailto:electronmicroscopist-at-hotmail.com] } } } Sent: Wednesday, February 06, 2002 10:47 AM } } } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } } } Subject: measurement and calibration onthe SEM } } } } } } } } } -------------------------------------------------------------- } } } ---------- } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society } } } of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } } } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help } } } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -------------------------------------------------------------- } } } ---------. } } } } } } } } } Fellow Microscopists, } } } } } } SEM has historically been used for metrology of various } } } structures. I can't } } } seem to find much literature about the artifacts associated } } } with this type } } } of measurement. We do use the NIST standards to check the } } } calibration of } } } our equipment, but I haven't characterized how the different } } } beam or sample } } } parameters effect the measurements. What do you do? Has } } } anyone figured out } } } his or her actual accuracy and precision? We have found that } } } we can safely } } } give measurements within +/-5% taking into account most human } } } and equipment } } } errors. This is based on the precision of measurements } made of NIST } } } structures, measured the same way, over several years. On } } } the other hand, } } } the smallest structure we can measure on the standard is 2um } } } (line and } } } space. How do you determine at what magnification you } will no longer } } } } Cheap grating replicas with 2600 lines per mm give 0.46 um per line, } } and this is not too bad for calibrating 50,000 magnification. I am } } happy I do not need certified standards. } } } } } guarantee the measurement? I see that my MRS-3 from Geller } } } says it's for } } } 10x to 50kX. How do they figure out that the max } magnification it is } } } useful? Maybe it as simple as being able to fit the } structure on the } } } } Maximum useful magnification is very specimen dependant, especially } } for low voltage and low vacuum modes. Of course, for digital images } } it is possible to check brightness profiles and if they have slopes } } on edges of features, then measure "size" on half height of } the slope. } } But I am not aware about publications which dependably } justify this kind } } of measurements (manipulations with brightness and contrast and } } specimen tilt could change slopes significantly). } } } } } screen. If that were true, you would expect that the } } } instrument would also } } } be calibrated to a much higher magnification. How high could } } } I say it is } } } accurate to? Can I safely measure a 1000A line assuming no } } } } It depends on resolution for your microscope/specimens and on } } calibration standard you are using. And I think periodic lines with } } spacing 2 um not really good standard to measure feature with } } the size of 0.1 um. } } } } } obvious issues } } } (i.e. drift)? Can anyone educate me more on this topic or } } } } If you have visible drift during single exposure, then something } } wrong with microscope or specimen preparation technique. } } } } } point me to } } } resources? } } } } } } } } } Things that could effect measurements (feel free to add to list): } } } Drift (mechanical / beam)- } } } } exposure time should be small for significant drift. } } } } } Charging (obvious or stretching of image from a slow scan) } } } Magnification (adjusted for each set of lens relays) } } } } Could be eliminated with proper calibration. } } } } } kV (surface vs. subsurface image) } } } Working Distance } } } } Could be eliminated with proper calibration. } } } } } Delineation method (raised vs. depression, materials contrast) } } } Amount of delineation (3D effect) } } } Resolution (near resolution limit of SEM?) } } } Contrast (or lack of, bright / dark line) } } } Edge effect (bright line) } } } Consistency between tools (calibration, etc.) } } } Consistency between methods (SEM, TEM, ellipsometry, AFM, etc.) } } } Operator's eye (where to measure. Measure outside to inside, } } } center to } } } center, out to out, in to in?) } } } Variance in measured layer thickness (topography, sloped } } } profile (i.e. base } } } larger than top)) } } } Angle to beam } } } Preparation methods (polish (i.e. smearing), cleave (i.e. } } } pull of soft } } } material), FIB (i.e. angle)) } } } Type of algorithm if doing it automatically (i.e. %50 threshold) } } } } Some of the things you have mentioned relate to specimen/experiment, } } to stereology, but not to microscope. For example, if I } need to measure } } size of depression without sharp edges, I have to find (or } at least to } } declare)right procedure for it's measurements. May be I } have to perform } } stereo measurements and define an edge as a place, where a depth of } } depression become equal to 0.1 um (or 10% of total depth, or } } whatever else, depending on a study). } } } } And thank you for your extensive list - it is very helpful for } } observation of the problem. And about additions to your list - } } I think everybody can say something. For example recently I tried } } to measure in ESEM thickness of a layer which, as it turned out, } } was a viscous liquid... } } } } Regards, } } } } Vladimir } } } } } } Vladimir M. Dusevich, Ph.D. } } Electron Microscope Lab Manager } } 3127 School of Dentistry } } 650 E. 25th Street } } Kansas City, MO 64108-2784 } } } } Phone: (816) 235-2072 } } Fax: (816) 235-5524 } } Web: http://www.umkc.edu/dentistry/microscopy } } } } } } } } } +-----------------------------------+ } Oldrich Benada } Acad. Sci. CR } Institute of Microbiology } Laboratory of electron microscopy } Videnska 1083 } CZ - 142 20 Prague 4 - Krc } Czech Republic } +------------------------------------+ } Phone: +420-2-4752399 } Fax: +420-2-4752347 } WEB:http://www.biomed.cas.cz/mbu/lem113/lem.htm } } }
No offence Jeff, but does anyone else think that this thread has taken on some of the aspects of the Energizer Bunny? ;-)
"Oakley, Jeff" wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Tom, } } You are correct, I am not an educator. I also agree with you whole } heartedly that when someone reads a text in search of information, they } learn a great deal more than they had planned on... It happens to me every } time I pick up a book in search of an answer to a question. I'm sure this } probably was the intent of the instructor. } } The point I should have made in my previous post is that instead of shutting } someone down and "scolding" them (which is exactly what some of the listers } did) for what appeared to be a Cliff's Notes research method, the person } should have been guided to useful web pages or texts that would have made } them find the answers for themselves (which other posters did - kudos to } those). } } It is possible to be helpful while at the same time not giving someone a } free ride. } } I don't think my batteries are dead, Tom, I just think we are operating at } different voltages. } } Jeff } } -----Original Message----- } } From: Tom Phillips [mailto:PhillipsT-at-missouri.edu] } Sent: Friday, February 08, 2002 9:26 AM } To: Oakley, Jeff } Cc: Microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com } Subject: RE: Questions on the Electron Microscope } } Jeff: I am assuming from your rayovac.com you are not an educator. } That doesn't disqualify your opinion but I would be more worried if } other currently teaching academics widely expressed this view. } Learning to look something up in the library is part of the teaching } assignment. Finding the correct information and distilling it is not } trivial. Most experts on the listserver could answer each of those } questions in a few concise sentences. You would be hard pressed to } find any source in a library in which you found the question followed } by the answer. When you read the literature, lots of time you end } up reading additional information on peripheral topics that add to } the learning process. More importantly, students constantly give me } sentences in their papers that are clearly paraphrased from the } literature. I am not suggesting this constitutes plagiarism but it } is often apparent from the sentence that they don't really understand } what it means. They think they do but when I discuss it with them, } they are unable to explain the sophisticated sentence in basic terms. } Students frequently comment in my teaching evaluations that the most } important thing they learned in class was that memorizing and } rephrasing the literature doesn't equate to real understanding. If } the instructor wanted them simply to ask an expert to get the bottom } line answer, why didn't the instructor simply say it in lecture or } give them a handout? Don't you think the instructor knew? Do you } think a bioengineering class was designed to teach web surfing tools. } I don't know if you should feel dirty but I think your batteries need } recharging. Tom Phillips } } } } } } } I'm rather embarrassed that some of the members of this listserver were too } } narrow minded and/or arrogant to see that Ms. Wang was using this group of } } experts as a source, just as one would use a book. And besides, if she } were } } just going to "regurgitate" the information learned here, wouldn't she just } } be doing the same with information pulled from a book? } } } } I suddenly feel dirty somehow... Oh my God... It won't wash off! } } } } } } Jeff (I'm in for it now) Oakley } } } } } } } } } } I think your instructor's hope would be that you figured out the } } } } answers to class problems on your own. Asking an expert in the field } } } } and then simply regurgitating that information is a worthless } } } } exercise. If you are going to invest the time and money required to } } } } earn a degree, you might want to try to learn something along the } } } } way. I am a big supporter of listservers but hate to see them used } } } } in this way. } } } } } } } } } } } } } } To whom it may concern: } } } } } } } } } } I am an undergraduate student enrolled at the Georgia Institute of } } } } } Technology. } } } } } I am in a biomedical engineering class, and we have a problem that we } } must } } } } } solve involving electron microscopes. I have a few questions that I } } hope will } } } } } get answered ASAP: } } } } } } } } } } 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using electrons for } } } } } microscopy } } } } } rather than light? } } } } } 2. Does the wavelength of the electrons have anythign to do with the } } spatial } } } } } resolution that the microscope produces in the final picture? } } } } } 3. What is temporal resolution and how is it produced in the } electron } } } } } microscope? } } } } } } } } } } Thank you for your time. I greatly appreciate your efforts in } helping } } me } } } } } understand more of this subject. } } } } } } } } } } Sincerely, } } } } } Jenny Wang } } -- } Thomas E. Phillips, Ph.D. } Associate Professor of Biological Sciences } Director, Molecular Cytology Core Facility } } 3 Tucker Hall } Division of Biological Sciences } University of Missouri } Columbia, MO 65211-7400 } (573)-882-4712 (voice) } (573)-882-0123 (fax)
Sending Jenny Wang's message to her Chairperson and UG Program Director was, in my eyes, really unnecessary. Maybe it was just a nice try from Jenny Wang to get her homework done, but this is really overdone.
Regards,
Stefan
Jim Quinn wrote:
} Don - } } College students should not broadcast messages seeking answers to elementary questions. } Additionally, the use of "ASAP" } was a bad idea. } } JQuinn } } PS: I sent Jenny Wang's message to her Chairperson and UG Program Director.
°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° Stefan Geimer MCDB Dept. Yale University P.O. Box 208103 New Haven, CT 06520-8103 U.S.A.
Sending Jenny Wang's message to her Chairperson and UG Program Director was, in my eyes, really unnecessary. Even if it was just a nice try from Jenny Wang to get her homework done, this is really overdone.
Regards,
Stefan
Jim Quinn wrote:
} Don - } } College students should not broadcast messages seeking answers to elementary questions. } Additionally, the use of "ASAP" } was a bad idea. } } JQuinn } } PS: I sent Jenny Wang's message to her Chairperson and UG Program Director.
°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° Stefan Geimer MCDB Dept. Yale University P.O. Box 208103 New Haven, CT 06520-8103 U.S.A.
My feeling is that those of you who lack a positve and constructive response to a question that is posed, simply should not respond. I have seen plenty of queries by "experts" which could be answered rather simply by opening a book, but I certainly do not stoop to condescension.
Cavin Mooers, Research Assistant Vitreous State Laboratory The Catholic University of America Hannan Hall Washington, DC 20064 (202) 319-5346phone (202) 319-4469fax
I believe you may be looking Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution. We can get it for you if you are looking to buy it, or contact me direct if you just need some information on it.
Dr. Charles Duvic
--
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Shea Miller wrote: } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------} The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------.} } Greetings all; } can anyone provide the formulation for Hank's buffer? I have looked in all of my books (most, but not all of which, admittedly, lean towards plants) and ca } } thanks in advance } shea } } Dr. S. Shea Miller } Agriculture & AgriFood Canada } Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Research Centre } Rm. 2068, K.W. Neatby Bldg. } Central Experimental Farm } Ottawa, Ontario, } Canada K1A 0C6 } Phone: (613)759-1760 } Fax: (613)759-1701 } E-mail: millers-at-em.agr.ca
The killer in vibration impact on sensitive equipment is resonance. We (Schnabel Engineering) have worked on many projects with varying equipment vibration problems. The common denominator in all of them is that resonances in the source, the vibration path (whether geological or structural) and the receiver (the equipment and its mountings) combine to produce an impact that must be ascertained. It is certainly desirable for the impact to be determined in advance, because the range of mitigation techniques is broader then. However, various retrofits are available. The key is to use the appropriate retrofit.
Vibration, travelling in waves, is different than heat, and a solution of just packing "stuff" around the site is generally inadequate; sometimes it works, but that is then just dumb luck. I have used TEM equipment (in grad school) and know that the column for a 100kV microscope has a substantially different construction and configuration, and therefore substantially different vibration response from a 1.2MV microscope. The taller tower of the 1.2MV instrument will most probably have lower resonant frequencies than the 100kV instrument. I am not sure if such information (mechanical resonance) is available for them, but it certainly can be measured.
Mitigation techniques range from modification of the source, to barriers (trenches or caissons around the facility), to floating floors, to dynamic or passive absorbers. Each has its place, and the best (including cost!) solution may be a combination of the above. Again, the reduction of resonances is the key to successful vibration mitigation. I would be happy to discuss such solutions with those interested.
As a side note, I first became acquainted with this list about a year and a half ago, with respect to optical microscope standards. I am impressed with the quality and quantity of contributions to the list.
Regards,
Doug Anderson
Douglas A. Anderson, PhD Senior Consultant Schnabel Engineering Associates (http://www.schnabel-eng.com) 510 East Gay Street West Chester, PA 19380 Phone: 610 696-6066, Fax: 610 696-7771
} -----Original Message----- } From: Lesley S. Bechtold [SMTP:lsb-at-jax.org] } Sent: Wednesday, January 02, 2002 1:31 PM } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: Fwd: vibration isolation standards } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } Happy New Year to everyone! } } } } We are setting up a totally new EM/LM lab - being built from the ground } } up. We have told our engineers that we need to have a vibration-free } } environment for optimum equipment operation. They would like to know } } exactly what vibration is tolerable and what isn't. Are there any } } standards or measurements out there that detail what limits can be } } tolerated and what can't? } } } } Thank you! } } } } Lesley } } } } Lesley S. Bechtold } } Supervisor, Biological Imaging } } The Jackson Laboratory } } 600 Main St. } } Bar Harbor, ME 04609 } } 207-288-6191 } } Lesley S. Bechtold } Supervisor, Biological Imaging } The Jackson Laboratory } 600 Main St. } Bar Harbor, ME 04609 } 207-288-6191 } } } } This e-mail including attached files is confidential. Its transmission is solely as an accommodation for the benefit of the recipient. The recipient bears the responsibility for checking its accuracy against corresponding originally signed documents provided by Schnabel Engineering Associates, Inc. If you received this e-mail in error, its use is prohibited. Please destroy it and immediately notify postmaster-at-schnabel-eng.com
I have two sets of data to interpreted: 1) X-ray rocking curve data, to analyze the defect (damage) of the wafer surface. 2) XPS data, to trace how the wafer surface composition will change with the increasing of sputtering time.
I need to have some fundamental idea of these two theories to interpreted data. Do you have any recommendations of the textbooks, or other papers I should read?
Any kind of help will be appreciated!
Xianglin Li
Center for Advanced Material Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts, Lowell Xianglin_Li-at-student.uml.edu Tel: 978-934-3411
Looks like there are different opinions out there. Before this turns into a flame war, I would personally like to know what the general opinion is. I therefore propose a poll. Just send me an email with nothing but one of the following numbers in the subject line, and I will tally those votes and provide a summary in a week (if I get enough emails):
1) Students should work through their assignments alone. Let's not support laziness at all. 2) We should help them help themselves by pointing them to general microscopy books. 3) We should take their questions and point them to specific microscopy books dealing with their problems 4) We should encourage them to contact us offline so we can test their sincerity and then either help them or not. This should be posted on the server to avoid redundancy. 5) We should help them with their questions by trying to answer them in a general way 6) We should go all out and answer their questions as best as we can.
I hope the statistics will not be skewed by a zillion students who send me "6" as an answer ;-)
Any suggestions are welcome! I also promise not to misuse the email addresses!
} } } please send the email to mb-at-soft-imaging.com { { { { { {
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Oakley, Jeff [mailto:oakleyj-at-rayovac.com] Sent: Friday, February 08, 2002 11:46 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Tom,
You are correct, I am not an educator. I also agree with you whole heartedly that when someone reads a text in search of information, they learn a great deal more than they had planned on... It happens to me every time I pick up a book in search of an answer to a question. I'm sure this probably was the intent of the instructor.
The point I should have made in my previous post is that instead of shutting someone down and "scolding" them (which is exactly what some of the listers did) for what appeared to be a Cliff's Notes research method, the person should have been guided to useful web pages or texts that would have made them find the answers for themselves (which other posters did - kudos to those).
It is possible to be helpful while at the same time not giving someone a free ride.
I don't think my batteries are dead, Tom, I just think we are operating at different voltages.
Jeff
-----Original Message----- } From: Tom Phillips [mailto:PhillipsT-at-missouri.edu] Sent: Friday, February 08, 2002 9:26 AM To: Oakley, Jeff Cc: Microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com
At 10:28 PM 02/07/02 -0500, Beauregard wrote: } Polaroid did make a few of them. I saw a metal one, photocopied it } and measured it. I have the insert spec's but not at home here. I } could scan it and post it on my web page.
Hi Don,
I have scanned in the photocopy of the special insert for the 4X5 holder. I made a mistake about it being recessed. The SS45 comes with one (2¼x2¼?) holder that is recessed and that was what I recalled at home as being recessed. After looking at the photocopy of an official insert, I realized my mistake.
The holder is nothing but a totally flat piece of steel with 6 pins sticking up, a rectangular hole in it to allow transmitted light to shine through the negative, and along the one outside edge of the insert are two slots that fit into the two pins on the 4x5 holder.
I will post two JPG images of the insert(s) at:
http://www.westol.com/~beaurega/ss45.htm
I included a scanned image of a steel insert / holder that came standard with the scanner. Notice the two holders have identical slot alignment in my one image. Adjust the DPI of the image to get your laserjet printed insert image to line up with the two pins in the 4x5 holder. Then use this accurate template to make or have made the insert.
One could use a double layer of old film to make the equivalents of the pin posts to keep the film in register. The whole thing is painted black. Use a Dremel tool cut off wheel to make the slots.
I agree, Stefan. Not only overdone, but ugly. Since when did we become proctors of other people's courses? I was satisfied with Jenny's answer. If she had ever considered a career in electron microscopy, I'll bet she's reconsidering now.
Randy Tindall EM Core University of Missouri
-----Original Message----- } From: Stefan Geimer To: MSA Listserver Sent: 2/8/2002 8:39 AM
Sending Jenny Wang's message to her Chairperson and UG Program Director was, in my eyes, really unnecessary. Even if it was just a nice try from Jenny Wang to get her homework done, this is really overdone.
Regards,
Stefan
Jim Quinn wrote:
} Don - } } College students should not broadcast messages seeking answers to elementary questions. } Additionally, the use of "ASAP" } was a bad idea. } } JQuinn } } PS: I sent Jenny Wang's message to her Chairperson and UG Program Director.
°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° Stefan Geimer MCDB Dept. Yale University P.O. Box 208103 New Haven, CT 06520-8103 U.S.A.
VLSI Standards is in the midst of releasing (the product is in beta at this juncture) a NIST Traceable, 100 nm pitch standard for use with SEMs. The accuracy is equal to or less than 1 nm in most cases. Besides 100 nm, it will also be certified for 4 other pitch values. It will come in various wafer / die form factors to be able to accommodate CD-SEMs utilizing automated handlers, as found in the Semiconductor and related industries.
Please contact me directly offline and I'd be glad to provide you information on this exciting new product.
Regards -
Marc Helvey Strategic Accounts Manager VLSI Standards, Inc. 3087 North First Street San Jose, CA 95134-2006 Phone: (408) 428-1800, ext. 108 E-Mail: marc.helvey-at-vlsistd.com {mailto:marc.helvey-at-vlsistd.com} Internet: http://www.vlsistandards.com
-----Original Message----- } From: Windland, Mark J (MN14) [mailto:Mark.Windland-at-honeywell.com] Sent: Friday, February 08, 2002 7:51 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
We need to purchase a new calibration standard for our SEM that gets us down to the next level. We need to have accuracy down to 0.010 microns. We have been using the Geller MRS-3 and now are considering purchasing the MRS-4 traceable standard. I believe this will give us what we need but I was wondering if there are other standards out there that are better, the same, worse? I need to hear from the calibration specialists out there. Thanks,
Mark Windland Honeywell Minneapolis, Minnesota 763-954-2845
I don't think it is a simple answer to your questions. If the request is like the subject of these discussions, then I would say number three. If the student has researched the basic information (showing an earnest effort at learning), and asks for help with understanding what they have found, or carrying it further, then I see no problem with the experts discussing and feeding information to the student. Giving them "food for thought" should not be a problem.
Darrell
Mike Bode {mb-at-Soft-Imaging.com} on 02/08/2002 06:19:42 PM
To: "'Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com'" {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} cc:
Hello Listers:
Looks like there are different opinions out there. Before this turns into a flame war, I would personally like to know what the general opinion is. I therefore propose a poll. Just send me an email with nothing but one of the following numbers in the subject line, and I will tally those votes and provide a summary in a week (if I get enough emails):
1) Students should work through their assignments alone. Let's not support laziness at all. 2) We should help them help themselves by pointing them to general microscopy books. 3) We should take their questions and point them to specific microscopy books dealing with their problems 4) We should encourage them to contact us offline so we can test their sincerity and then either help them or not. This should be posted on the server to avoid redundancy. 5) We should help them with their questions by trying to answer them in a general way 6) We should go all out and answer their questions as best as we can.
I hope the statistics will not be skewed by a zillion students who send me "6" as an answer ;-)
Any suggestions are welcome! I also promise not to misuse the email addresses!
} } } please send the email to mb-at-soft-imaging.com { { { { { {
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Oakley, Jeff [mailto:oakleyj-at-rayovac.com] Sent: Friday, February 08, 2002 11:46 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Tom,
You are correct, I am not an educator. I also agree with you whole heartedly that when someone reads a text in search of information, they learn a great deal more than they had planned on... It happens to me every time I pick up a book in search of an answer to a question. I'm sure this probably was the intent of the instructor.
The point I should have made in my previous post is that instead of shutting someone down and "scolding" them (which is exactly what some of the listers did) for what appeared to be a Cliff's Notes research method, the person should have been guided to useful web pages or texts that would have made them find the answers for themselves (which other posters did - kudos to those).
It is possible to be helpful while at the same time not giving someone a free ride.
I don't think my batteries are dead, Tom, I just think we are operating at different voltages.
Jeff
-----Original Message----- } From: Tom Phillips [mailto:PhillipsT-at-missouri.edu] Sent: Friday, February 08, 2002 9:26 AM To: Oakley, Jeff Cc: Microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com
Dear all
I've been reading the discussions on this topic with interest, as a lecturer who sets similar EM assignment questions for undergraduate students.
Last year, a couple of my students posted their assignment questions to the listserver. After an initial feeling of annoyance that the students were being lazy, and not seeking out information for themselves, I eventually decided that this probably wasn't such a bad thing - as Mike said in his email, we are supposed to be teaching students to identify and utilize different sources of information!
In my case, I hadn't directly told the class about the listserver, so my students had either sought it out by themselves, or had actually read through a list of suggested reference texts and websites which had been given to them early in the semester. Either way, this was something to be encouraged!
I certainly don't think the listserver is the place where we should provide full and detailed answers to students' assignment questions - and particularly not when demanded "ASAP", and without evidence of the student having done any of their own homework on the topic!
However, I also share the views expressed in some earlier messages that we are a useful "resource" for students. For those who have the time and inclination to respond to students' requests, I support the approach of offering some basic information (brief, easy to understand) as a starting point, and then suggesting that the student refer to texts, papers or other sources. Indeed, this is exactly what happened with my students, and both presented assignments with information gleaned from a wide variety of sources. Many thanks to those of you who responded in this way.
Cheers Deb ***************************************************** Dr Deborah Stenzel Lecturer (Microbiology) School of Life Sciences and Applications Specialist (Biological) Analytical Electron Microscopy Facility Queensland University of Technology GPO Box 2434 Brisbane 4001 Australia
We have a perfectly good LKB Ultramicrotome ("Ultratome") Model #2088 (circa. 1976) for which we have no need. We have several others and we DO need the space! It also has most of the parts for a cryokit.
If anyone is interested: its yours for FREE! Just come and pick it up or arrange for shipment.
Please feel free to call or leave a message at any time. -- Peter Ingram Sr. Physicist, RTI Adj. Professor of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center Box 90319 LaSalle Street Extension DURHAM NC USA 27708-0319
In much less time than it took to find addis for Jenny Wang's chairperson and program director he could have referred Jenny to Bozzola/Russell or any other EM text for the answers. This string has become more about those who want to educate and help vs. those who would judge and punish.
Still listening and learning. Pete Polsgrove
} ===== Original Message From Stefan Geimer {stefan.geimer-at-yale.edu} ===== } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Pete Polsgrove NAU Flagstaff, AZ. pjp6-at-dana.ucc.nau.edu micro2001p-at-netscape.net
I have been stunned by how many would deny answers to a student. I have to confess that I did not analyse the enquirer's motives, and offered some simple answers to her questions
Is the objection that the enquiry came via the internet, so was directed to all on the list? Would your reaction have been the same if the student made a more personal, targeted approach a) Called at your lab/office to ask questions b) Wrote asking questions c) Phoned/Faxed you asking questions
I think we have to acknowledge that the pre-internet world of the printed page and the post-internet world are totally different. Students are under immense pressure, not least under the burgeoning weight of the paper literature, and simply cannot afford the time to plough through roomfuls of books, however good this would be for their souls. They need entry points to a problem, and they should be congratulated for using all of the facilities currently at their disposal to get there. If that changes the way educators have to go about assessment of project work so be it. That is our professional problem, not the student's problem. This list has a significant educational role at all levels within research and tertiary education, and I would be saddened if barriers are erected against enquiries from students.
Dr. Chris Jeffree University of Edinburgh Biological Sciences EM Facility
As for "bad taste" from the MSA response, I taste no such displeasure.
I must say the questions asked were vague and rather general. Have I missed something? In all this communication, have we heard from the course professor explaining, defending, or otherwise making a statement as to what he or she was requiring of the student?! Why is not the professor explaining this material to the student? The professor should be the FIRST resource, or at least provide the student with a rudimentary understanding of the topic and perhaps assigning readings from handouts or materials on reserve in the library.
I teach a dedicated biomicroscopy course (optical light microscopy, TEM amd SEM) to upper division biology students, and have for 9 years. I would never just suggest students be turned out to fend on their own. I provide a a number of reserve textbooks and a huge number of handouts. I ALWAYS suggest if students are having a difficult time finding answers to questions I have proposed, they come to me FIRST!! In this manner, I have control over the ratio of student ability and information available.
I believe the hallmark of an educator is to entice and DIRECT the student in a manner of investigation, not to just through out a bunch of questions, allowing the student to randomly be come up with the answers, some of which depending of the source may be incorrect.
I must admit, when I saw the original email, my thoughts were divided into two direction: 1) here is a student who is looking for quick answers to some vague, rather general questions; and 2) here is a professor who is too busy with something else and has not put forth the foundation from which the student could asked specific questions about the general topics, e.g., "I have read this about the subject and do not understand. Is there someone on the listserver who can explain it differently from how I interpret the subject?"
Again, to some extent this is the responsibility of the professor.
Enough said...
Ken -- Ken Tiekotter, Adjunct Professor The University of Portland Department of Biology 5000 N. Willamette Blvd. Portland, OR 97203
} ===== Original Message From Dr Deborah Stenzel {d.stenzel-at-qut.edu.au} ===== Hello Group, I agree with Deb's post. Following this thread, I got to thinking that it is maybe time WE (as educator/citizens) do a little reading. Times they are a changin'. Try to find this article: Get Ready for the Net Generation, by Mark L. Alch, taken from the February 2000 issue of Training & Development. I found it in the Human Resources 01/02 Annual Editions, ISBN 0-07-243342-6. The way the new generations are learning happens to be a little different than the way most of us did. We not only have to understand how they learn, but we will also have to understand what motivates them once we hire them. Randy
} Dear all } Last year, a couple of my students posted their assignment questions } to the listserver. After an initial feeling of annoyance that the } students were being lazy, and not seeking out information for } themselves, I eventually decided that this probably wasn't such a bad } thing - as Mike said in his email, we are supposed to be teaching } students to identify and utilize different sources of information! } } In my case, I hadn't directly told the class about the listserver, so } my students had either sought it out by themselves, or had actually } read through a list of suggested reference texts and websites which } had been given to them early in the semester. Either way, this was } something to be encouraged! } } I certainly don't think the listserver is the place where we should } provide full and detailed answers to students' assignment questions - } and particularly not when demanded "ASAP", and without evidence of } the student having done any of their own homework on the topic! } } However, I also share the views expressed in some earlier messages } that we are a useful "resource" for students. For those who have the } time and inclination to respond to students' requests, I support the } approach of offering some basic information (brief, easy to } understand) as a starting point, and then suggesting that the student } refer to texts, papers or other sources. Indeed, this is exactly } what happened with my students, and both presented assignments with } information gleaned from a wide variety of sources. Many thanks to } those of you who responded in this way. } } } Cheers } Deb } ***************************************************** } Dr Deborah Stenzel } Lecturer (Microbiology) } School of Life Sciences } and } Applications Specialist (Biological) } Analytical Electron Microscopy Facility } Queensland University of Technology } GPO Box 2434 } Brisbane 4001 } Australia } } Phone + 61 7 3864 5036 } Fax + 61 7 3864 5100 } email d.stenzel-at-qut.edu.au } } http://www.sci.qut.edu.au/aemf
I can not believe all the unnecessary and self-righteous email one student has generated by asking a few questions! For those of you out there who feel it was "wrong" for a student to ask these questions, don't answer them. But as for emailing her Dept. head, when did this list become some sort of regulated police like forum? If this is what it has degraded to, I what off! As I tell my children and student alike there are no stupid or bad questions. As professional (at least I thought we all were before this) I believe that it is not only out duty but our obligation to help other learn. I don't mean doing there homework for them, but the response that this girl/women received embarrassed and ashamed me. I simple reply guiding her were to search for the answers could have saved everyone a lot of time and seem energy as well. As for people in general asking questions that the answers can be found in books, again if you don't want to answer them, don't. As for me, I am not the smartest man in the world nor do not know every thing and naively thought that this is what forum/list servers like this one were for. Guess I was wrong
Richard Cole Research Scientist III Director of the Laser Microsurgery and Advanced Light Microscopy Core Unit Wadsworth Center P.O. Box 509 Albany N.Y. 12201-0509 518-474-7048 Phone 518-486-4901 Fax
I looked into the background of the student's course early on and sent a brief explanation to the List, twice, but it never arrived, as far as I can tell. I'll tack in on below. One of the points of this biomedical engineering course that has been overlooked is that it is a PBL course.
PBL is a new philosophy of teaching that is being used, in part, by various medical schools and othe programs. I don't know a whole lot about it, but I know it exists because the University of Hawaii was the first place to embrace PBL wholly, instead of partially as at other institutions. Basically, the medical students here have no formal courses, but are thrown directly out into the clinics from day one, and are encouraged to learn what they need to know to do their "jobs" fairly independently. I'm sure this is an oversimplification, but not by a lot. There was a hue and cry from many of the instructors - how do you learn gross anatomy without a gross anatomy class and a cadaver? But I guess they worked it out. When I ask the current crop of students if they like it, they say they do. There's more of an emphasis on learning by doing and asking than just sitting in classrooms all day and with books all night.
However, here's the point - they are encouraged to go out and learn how to find answers in the world, using all resources from the library to asking experts to the Internet. And they are told not to just ask the teacher".
Do I agree with this method? Mostly no, probably because I didn't learn that way, and I'm old enough to be kinda set in my ways. . Is it working? Apparently yes. Now that I'm not an official student, is that the way I learn *now*? Yes, it is!
This is not an endorsement of the PBL system (y'all need to do some research on it to understand how the philosophy, as do I), but merely an explanation of why the students are asking the questions. And then ignore or guide them, whatever you wish.
Aloha, Tina
Message that did not reach the List:
I have received several emails recently about TEMs, as have several of you as well as this List. At first I dismissed tham as being at about the same level as Mrs. Jones' 6th grade science class who each individually emailed me to ask "How does an electron microscope work?" However, I looked into this and found out that this recent spate are from a Biomedical Engineering class at Georgia Tech. There are 60 students, split up into teams, involved in a Problem Based Learning curriculum, which encourages using all resources available, from the library to interviewing experts. Their project is an interesting one - although I deleted the original questions, I think it involves designing an original, viable improvement for the electron microscope, especially in areas that would allow them to create a 4D database of living cells and their cellular functions.
I received a couple of messages from students who had apparently done their library research and were able to ask thoughtful, reasoned questions. I feel that the ones who simply regurgitate the instructors' list of questions *do* need to do more background research and then formulate specific questions and direct them to the particular experts in the field. But they have only a couple of weeks on this assignment, so I guess I understand their "spamming" the List to find those experts!
I thought giving you all the background on the project would help you decide how to respond to the messages. It is an interesting mental exercise to think about how to build such an electron microscope. Perhaps they will!
**************************************************************************** * Tina (Weatherby) Carvalho * tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu * * Biological Electron Microscope Facility * (808) 956-6251 * * University of Hawaii at Manoa * http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bemf* ****************************************************************************
FYI: ctfExplorer has been updated and it is still free for all.
New features/improvements/fixes:
- Corrected an error in the formula used for Focal Spread calculation which caused too strong damping by temporal envelope at high frequencies. Thanks to Michael O'Keefe, Peter Tiemeijer and Uwe Lucken for pinpointing this error.
- Added a posibility to change values for high voltage and objective lens current instabilities (along with chromatic aberration and energy spread they affect the value of focal spread)
- Added a possibility of editing/saving/restoring of the microscope list
To the best of my knowledge, the software does not have any nasty bugs. It is tested under Windows 95/98/NT4/2000.
Please give it a try. Please DO direct your suggestions and comments to sidorov-at-yahoo.com I hope you'll find the software useful.
Here is the link: http://clik.to/ctfexplorer (always use this link. it will direct you to the right location). Direct link: http://www.maxsidorov.com/ctfexplorer
Enjoy, __________________________________ Max Sidorov, Ph.D. max.sidorov-at-amd.com
----------Additional Info---------- ctfExplorer is a highly interactive program which calculates/displays the contrast transfer function of TEMs. I know that there are similar programs floating around but ctfexplorer does not only 1d but also 2d calculations/display with 2-fold and 3-fold astigmatism imposed. There are other unique features to it. All parameters (defocus, voltage, Cs, etc) can be changed interactively.
Features - Calculates 1-Dimensional CTF - Calculates 2-Dimensional CTF - Calculates Defocus Map - Calculates point-to-point resolution, Lichte defocus and info limit - Shows the effects of 2-Fold and 3-Fold astigmatism - Allows to change Defocus, 2-Fold and 3-Fold astigmatism in real time - Shows what happens to 1D CTF in different directions when there's astigmatism - Displays the damping envelopes - Allows to select a microscope from a list of microscopes - Allows to create a custom microscope - Allows to change HT, Cs, Cc, Energy Spread, Convergence for any microscope - 2 modes of operation: CTF Explorer (to see everything) and CTF Plotter - Compares 2 microscopes or 2 settings for 1 microscope - Saves 1D CTF, 2D CTF and "Defocus Map" as bitmaps or metafiles - Exports 1D plots to tab-delimited text format
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (hazrat.hussain-at-iw.uni-halle) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Sunday, February 10, 2002 at 11:35:50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question: Dear Sir, I have stained a block copolymer isothermally crystallized samples with RuO4 vapors. The block copolymers constitute poly(ethylene oxide)(semicrystalline block) and poly(perfluorohexylethyl methacrylate) as second block. The structure is as PFMA-b-PEO-b-PFMA PEO block length is 227 EO units(20000 g/mol) and each PFMA block was 5-7 PFMA units. The TEM morphology that we got from this sample was showing a layered or lamellar structure.There are dark lines and bright lines. Now I dont know, which block has been stained with RuO4. The second question is again the staining assigning problem, I got TEM pictures from solutions of the same block copolymers, the samples were stained again with the same dye. we got some spherical micelles in the TEM picture, but we dont know, the staining blocks. I hope u will consider answer my questions. I will be grateful with my best regards Hussain
Gee, maybe this whole thread is just a Sociology experiment to gauge the response of a small group of specialists to a contentious issue! For my $0.02 ($0.033 Canadian), pick up a copy of "Silicon Snake Oil" by Cliff Stoll. Relevant reading, I think.
Cheers,
Jim
-- James M. Ehrman Digital Microscopy Facility Mount Allison University Sackville, NB E4L 1G7 CANADA
Hussain Hazrat wrote: ============================================ Question: Dear Sir, I have stained a block copolymer isothermally crystallized samples with RuO4 vapors. The block copolymers constitute poly(ethylene oxide)(semicrystalline block) and poly(perfluorohexylethyl methacrylate) as second block. The structure is as PFMA-b-PEO-b-PFMA PEO block length is 227 EO units(20000 g/mol) and each PFMA block was 5-7 PFMA units. The TEM morphology that we got from this sample was showing a layered or lamellar structure.There are dark lines and bright lines. Now I dont know, which block has been stained with RuO4. The second question is again the staining assigning problem, I got TEM pictures from solutions of the same block copolymers, the samples were stained again with the same dye. we got some spherical micelles in the TEM picture, but we dont know, the staining blocks. I hope u will consider answer my questions. I will be grateful with my best regards Hussain ======================================================== This kind of question is extremely difficult to "call" on the basis of first principles (or logic). You really need to see one or two "knowns", and then you can see which way the area percent of the dark vs. white changes.
If you are seeing some "spherical" features from solution precipitation, and it is just a guess, it might be that you are seeing segregation of homopolymer into a more traditional kind of morphology for these kinds of systems. At least when we have seen such features in other block copolymer systems that was our conclusion.
Chuck
============================================
Charles A. Garber, Ph. D. Ph: 1-610-436-5400 President 1-800-2424-SPI SPI SUPPLIES FAX: 1-610-436-5755 PO BOX 656 e-mail:cgarber-at-2spi.com West Chester, PA 19381-0656 USA Cust.Service: spi2spi-at-2spi.com
Look for us! ######################## WWW: http://www.2spi.com ######################## ============================================
Just wanted to give a heads up for anyone with older Kevex LN2 cooled EDS systems. On Friday, our Kevex LN2 level sensor just exploded after 15years of service. Normally we remove the sensor (unplugged from the system) and place it horizontal in a special holder while we fill the LN2 then we dry it off and put it back in place. Today the metal top blew off and hit me in the leg. No injuries except the loud bang may have shaved a year or so off my life. Luckly, we had a second sensor on hand for replacement.
If any one has a good explanation why the metal cover decided to tear itself away from the Styrofoam insulation after all these years we would like to hear from you.
TIA
Jon Ekman Florida State University Biological Science Imaging Resource 119 Bio Unit I, 4370 Tallahassee, FL 32306 tel: 850.644.6519 fax: 850.644.0481
Let me inform you the list of microscopy laboratories at the "Petr's Microscopy Resources" has been completely rebuilt. You can check it at the http://www.petr.isibrno.cz/microscopy/laboratories.php .
Furthermore, the form for a new link submission has been revised to a great extent. Therefore, the addition of a new link to your laboratory is very easy and safe now, and your submission will be very appreciated. You can find the submission form at the new location http://www.petr.isibrno.cz/microscopy/PMRform.php .
Regards,
Petr Schauer +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Dr. Petr Schauer tel.: (+420 5) 41514313 | | Head of Electron Microscopy Laboratory fax : (+420 5) 41514404 | | INSTITUTE OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS (+420 5) 41514402 | | ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC e-mail: petr-at-isibrno.cz | | Kralovopolska 147, CZ-612 64 Brno petr-at-dp.fce.vutbr.cz | | Czech Republic www: http://www.petr.isibrno.cz/ | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
OK so it is a given that consumer grade cameras have relativly poor low light performance. That said, are there cameras that have better than average lowlight performance? Are any of the consumer cameras capable of binning?
Mike
"Mardinly, John" wrote: } } } John; } You are correct about the small CCDs of consumer digital cameras } have sever performance deficiencies due to their small pixel size. The F707 } and other consumer digital cameras that use the same chip (2/3"-Nikon 5000 } and Olympus E20N) suffer from noise even in visible light photographs. The } Nikon D1X and the new Canon EOS 1D(advertised 11.5 µm pixels) are } significant improvements, but cost $6000 just for the camera body! One } organization addressing this problem is } http://www.fredmiranda.com/Action_profilesPage/index.html where they discuss } and sell Photoshop plug-ins for noise reduction. Another digital camera site } I really like is: } http://www.imaging-resource.com/ }
--
________________________________________________________ / Michael J. Herron, U of MN, Dept. of Pediatrics/BMT / / herro001-at-umn.edu / / 612-626-4321 Mpls MN 55455 / /_______________________________________________________/
I see we have the equivalent of a prison snitch in our midst ..or more appropriately in this case ..a school yard tattle-tale Jim Quinn wrote:
} Don - } } College students should not broadcast messages seeking answers to elementary questions. } Additionally, the use of "ASAP" } was a bad idea. } } JQuinn } } PS: I sent Jenny Wang's message to her Chairperson and UG Program Director.
Paul D. Nolan Electron Optics
Alcan International Limited Kingston Research and Development Centre P.O.Box 8400, 945 Princess Street Kingston, Ontario K7L 5L9
yes, "Education is a bueaucracy, learning is a biological activity! The instructor serves as a resource with the ability to interact with and to direct the inquiry of the student, but learning happens only at the pleasure of the student. Sterling Stoudenmire, 1982.
At 10:27 AM 2/9/02 -0600, rnessler wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
I have been getting emails with responses, but right now the numbers are probably too low to be statistically significant. I'll wait until the end of the week.
Also, please note: I had requested the emails to be sent directly to me, because I did not want to overload the listserver. Again, please send the responses to mb-at-soft-imaging.com.
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
The only thing I could think that could cause this would be ice trapping LN2 in the sensor tube that then warmed up causing N2 gas pressure high enough to pop the top. The design of our sensors have the BNC connection on the top of the cap. Did the wires come out with the metal top?
} } Hi all, } } Just wanted to give a heads up for anyone with older Kevex LN2 cooled } EDS systems. On Friday, our Kevex LN2 level sensor just exploded after } 15years of service. Normally we remove the sensor (unplugged from the } system) and place it horizontal in a special holder while we fill the } LN2 then we dry it off and put it back in place. Today the metal top } blew off and hit me in the leg. No injuries except the loud bang may } have shaved a year or so off my life. Luckly, we had a second sensor } on hand for replacement. } } If any one has a good explanation why the metal cover decided to } tear itself away from the Styrofoam insulation after all these years } we would like to hear from } you. } } TIA } } Jon Ekman } Florida State University } Biological Science Imaging Resource } 119 Bio Unit I, 4370 } Tallahassee, FL 32306 } tel: 850.644.6519 } fax: 850.644.0481
-- David R. Hull NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field Advanced Metallics Branch Mail Stop 49-1 21000 Brookpark Road Cleveland, OH 44135
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } I see we have the equivalent of a prison snitch in our midst ..or more } appropriately in this case ..a school yard tattle-tale } Jim Quinn wrote: } } } Don - } } } } College students should not broadcast messages seeking answers to } elementary questions. } } Additionally, the use of "ASAP" } } was a bad idea. } } } } JQuinn } } } } PS: I sent Jenny Wang's message to her Chairperson and UG Program } Director. } } Paul D. Nolan } Electron Optics } } Alcan International Limited } Kingston Research and Development Centre } P.O.Box 8400, 945 Princess Street } Kingston, Ontario K7L 5L9 } } Tel: (613) 541-2066 } Fax: (613) 541-2134 } paul.nolan-at-alcan.com
Geoff -- ********************************************** Geoff McAuliffe, Ph.D. Neuroscience and Cell Biology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 voice: (732)-235-4583; fax: -4029 mcauliff-at-umdnj.edu **********************************************
Hi Listers, I have a client who is writing a grant and has "re-discovered" some old techniques that could be very useful in her research. The problem is, I'm having trouble finding a source or sources for the reagents. Any ideas on where we could get the following? Thoria Sol ( aqueous colloidal thorium, once sold by Polysciences. It does not appear in their on-line catalog, nor in any of the other catalogs I've checked) to be used for pinocytotic uptake to label lysosomes. We could use ferritin, but that's so messy (in my hands, anyway). the full protocol for Gomori's method of acid phosphatase labelling. I have the citation on order from Inter-Library loan (Arch. Pathol.1941!!!) but don't know when it will come it. Are the reagents still available? Has anyone out there done either of these techniques? Any suggestions for alternates (preferably not immuno)? Thanks a million, Lee
-- Leona Cohen-Gould, M.S. Sr. Staff Associate Director, Electron Microscopy Core Facility Manager, Optical Microscopy Core Facility Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University voice (212)746-6146 fax (212)746-8175
Couldn't find a paper copy in our library so I downloaded a synopsis from the web, along with the reviews. Very, very funny, but not true. His dinosaurian heritage is showing, and paper is definitely dead. Silicon is the world's commonest material, not cellulose. Scientific publishing has ripped us all off. We have ownership of the content, we did all the work, and they charge us so much for the journals our libraries cannot afford the subscriptions. Nor can universities afford the upkeep of the libraries. There used to be departmental libraries here in every department. Not any more. There was a time when Universities could afford the upkeep of their physical establishments. Now they're selling of the paintings to keep up with the maintenance. The revolution is coming, and when it does paper journals will be first against the wall. Twenty years from now, maybe sooner, scientists will publish online, and the last 50 years of publishing will be accessible online from anywhere in the world, and many tertiary education courses will be distributed, campusless, attended by students wherever they happen to live in the world. And the educators? They'll be made by Intel ......
jmtc Chris
} Gee, maybe this whole thread is just a Sociology experiment to gauge } the response of a small group of specialists to a contentious issue! For } my $0.02 ($0.033 Canadian), pick up a copy of "Silicon Snake Oil" by } Cliff Stoll. Relevant reading, I think. } } Cheers, } } Jim } } -- } James M. Ehrman } Digital Microscopy Facility } Mount Allison University } Sackville, NB E4L 1G7 } CANADA } } phone: 506-364-2519 } fax: 506-364-2505 } email: jehrman-at-mta.ca } www: http://www.mta.ca/~jehrman } } }
========================================== Dr. Chris Jeffree University of Edinburgh BIOSEM - Biological Sciences Electron Microscope Facility Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology Waddington Building King's Buildings, Mayfield Road EDINBURGH, EH9 3JN, Scotland, UK Tel. #44 (0) 131 650 5554 FAX. #44 (0) 131 650 6563 Mobile 07710 585 401 email c.jeffree-at-ed.ac.uk =========================================
Mike, #3, keeping in mind the possible limited sources available to the student (high school students may not have *any* EM books available in their library---so they need to be pointed to alternate information sources). Henry
Henry Eichelberger, Manager Electron Microscopy Facility Department of Biological Sciences Binghamton University Binghamton, NY 13902-6000
-----Original Message----- } From: Mike Bode [mailto:mb-at-soft-imaging.com] Sent: Friday, February 08, 2002 6:20 PM To: 'Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com'
Hello Listers:
Looks like there are different opinions out there. Before this turns into a flame war, I would personally like to know what the general opinion is. I therefore propose a poll. Just send me an email with nothing but one of the following numbers in the subject line, and I will tally those votes and provide a summary in a week (if I get enough emails):
1) Students should work through their assignments alone. Let's not support laziness at all. 2) We should help them help themselves by pointing them to general microscopy books. 3) We should take their questions and point them to specific microscopy books dealing with their problems 4) We should encourage them to contact us offline so we can test their sincerity and then either help them or not. This should be posted on the server to avoid redundancy. 5) We should help them with their questions by trying to answer them in a general way 6) We should go all out and answer their questions as best as we can.
I hope the statistics will not be skewed by a zillion students who send me "6" as an answer ;-)
Any suggestions are welcome! I also promise not to misuse the email addresses!
} } } please send the email to mb-at-soft-imaging.com { { { { { {
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Oakley, Jeff [mailto:oakleyj-at-rayovac.com] Sent: Friday, February 08, 2002 11:46 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Tom,
You are correct, I am not an educator. I also agree with you whole heartedly that when someone reads a text in search of information, they learn a great deal more than they had planned on... It happens to me every time I pick up a book in search of an answer to a question. I'm sure this probably was the intent of the instructor.
The point I should have made in my previous post is that instead of shutting someone down and "scolding" them (which is exactly what some of the listers did) for what appeared to be a Cliff's Notes research method, the person should have been guided to useful web pages or texts that would have made them find the answers for themselves (which other posters did - kudos to those).
It is possible to be helpful while at the same time not giving someone a free ride.
I don't think my batteries are dead, Tom, I just think we are operating at different voltages.
Jeff
-----Original Message----- } From: Tom Phillips [mailto:PhillipsT-at-missouri.edu] Sent: Friday, February 08, 2002 9:26 AM To: Oakley, Jeff Cc: Microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com
I vaguely recall the cap coming off of our Kevex cap years ago, but without near so much excitement. I think it just worked loose. A check of the wires and a little bit of epoxy and the cap was on again and has been fine since.
I can't remember if the dipstick was glued tightly into the Styrofoam plug. If it was, I could see pressure building up under the cap. I don't think the metal on ours was not glued all the way around.
Warren
At 11:25 AM 2/11/02 -0500, you wrote:
} The only thing I could think that could cause this would be ice trapping } LN2 in the sensor tube that then warmed up causing N2 gas pressure high } enough to pop the top. The design of our sensors have the BNC connection } on the top of the cap. Did the wires come out with the metal top? } } } } } Hi all, } } } } Just wanted to give a heads up for anyone with older Kevex LN2 cooled } } EDS systems. On Friday, our Kevex LN2 level sensor just exploded after } } 15years of service. Normally we remove the sensor (unplugged from the } } system) and place it horizontal in a special holder while we fill the } } LN2 then we dry it off and put it back in place. Today the metal top } } blew off and hit me in the leg. No injuries except the loud bang may } } have shaved a year or so off my life. Luckly, we had a second sensor } } on hand for replacement. } } } } If any one has a good explanation why the metal cover decided to tear } } itself away from the Styrofoam insulation after all these years we would } } like to hear from } } you. } } } } TIA } } } } Jon Ekman } } Florida State University } } Biological Science Imaging Resource } } 119 Bio Unit I, 4370 } } Tallahassee, FL 32306 } } tel: 850.644.6519 } } fax: 850.644.0481
To answer your question you need to know, among other things, the specificity of interaction between RuO4 and the comonomers that comprise your block copolymer. I suggest that you consult the literature for reactivity of RuO4 with your materials. I usually start with Sawyer and Grubbs book, Polymer Microscopy. I know that the first edition has information that should help you.
Good luck,
Gary M. Brown ExxonMobil Chemical Company Baytown Polymers Center 5200 Bayway Drive Baytown, Texas 77520-2101 phone: (281) 834-2387 fax: (281) 834-2395 e-mail: Gary.M.Brown-at-ExxonMobil.com
"Garber, Charles A." To: MICROSCOPY BB {cgarber-at-2spi.c {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} om} cc: Subject: staining of block copolymers
02/11/02 07:40 AM
------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
-- [ From: Garber, Charles A. * EMC.Ver #3.1 ] --
Hussain Hazrat wrote: ============================================ Question: Dear Sir, I have stained a block copolymer isothermally crystallized samples with RuO4 vapors. The block copolymers constitute poly(ethylene oxide)(semicrystalline block) and poly(perfluorohexylethyl methacrylate) as second block. The structure is as PFMA-b-PEO-b-PFMA PEO block length is 227 EO units(20000 g/mol) and each PFMA block was 5-7 PFMA units. The TEM morphology that we got from this sample was showing a layered or lamellar structure.There are dark lines and bright lines. Now I dont know, which block has been stained with RuO4. The second question is again the staining assigning problem, I got TEM pictures from solutions of the same block copolymers, the samples were stained again with the same dye. we got some spherical micelles in the TEM picture, but we dont know, the staining blocks. I hope u will consider answer my questions. I will be grateful with my best regards Hussain ======================================================== This kind of question is extremely difficult to "call" on the basis of first principles (or logic). You really need to see one or two "knowns", and then you can see which way the area percent of the dark vs. white changes.
If you are seeing some "spherical" features from solution precipitation, and it is just a guess, it might be that you are seeing segregation of homopolymer into a more traditional kind of morphology for these kinds of systems. At least when we have seen such features in other block copolymer systems that was our conclusion.
Chuck
============================================
Charles A. Garber, Ph. D. Ph: 1-610-436-5400 President 1-800-2424-SPI SPI SUPPLIES FAX: 1-610-436-5755 PO BOX 656 e-mail:cgarber-at-2spi.com West Chester, PA 19381-0656 USA Cust.Service: spi2spi-at-2spi.com
Look for us! ######################## WWW: http://www.2spi.com ######################## ============================================
The Department of Geosciences at the University of Massachusetts invites applications for a Post-Doctoral Position in Geology. This two-year position is specifically aimed at the rapidly emerging techniques of electron microprobe analysis in geochronologic applications. UMass is currently developing an optimized electron microprobe with Cameca, France that is specifically designed for the exploration of techniques for age mapping and dating of minerals (e.g. monazite, zircon) and trace element analysis. This project includes optimization on virtually all fronts, hardware, software, and technique development. One future direction will involve synthesis and analysis of standards for calibration and background measurement studies. The successful applicant will collaborate with UMass Geosciences faculty (and associates) and with Cameca, and will be directly involved with improvements and modifications to software, continued evaluation of analytical techniques, synthesis and characterization of standard materials, and application of the new techniques to geologic problems. Applicants must have completed a Ph.D. in Geology, materials science, or other physical science, with preference given to those with significant experience in electron microprobe analysis, x-ray spectrometry, materials microanalysis, and/or scientific programming.
Please send a letter of application, resume, and two reference letters to Michael L. Williams, Dept. of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003-9279. The University of Massachusetts is an Equal-Opportunity Affirmative -Action Employer; women and members of minority groups are encouraged to apply.
Review of applicants will begin March 15th; the position will remain open until a successful candidate is identified.
**************** Michael J. Jercinovic Assistant Professor Department of Geosciences University of Massachusetts 611 North Pleasant Street Amherst, MA 01003-9297 E-Mail: mjj-at-geo.umass.edu Phone: (413) 545-2431 http://www.geo.umass.edu/faculty/jercinovic.html
Electron Microprobe Laboratory http://www.geo.umass.edu/probe/probe.html
For a look at what's coming down the path, see today's (Monday, February 11th) New York Times article on Foveon or that company's website. (I have no financial interest in the company and was previously unaware of them.)
John Twilley Conservation Scientist
Michael Herron wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } All, } } OK so it is a given that consumer grade cameras have relativly poor low } light performance. That said, are there cameras that have better than } average lowlight performance? Are any of the consumer cameras capable } of binning? } } Mike } } } "Mardinly, John" wrote: } } } } } John; } } You are correct about the small CCDs of consumer digital cameras } } have sever performance deficiencies due to their small pixel size. The F707 } } and other consumer digital cameras that use the same chip (2/3"-Nikon 5000 } } and Olympus E20N) suffer from noise even in visible light photographs. The } } Nikon D1X and the new Canon EOS 1D(advertised 11.5 µm pixels) are } } significant improvements, but cost $6000 just for the camera body! One } } organization addressing this problem is } } http://www.fredmiranda.com/Action_profilesPage/index.html where they discuss } } and sell Photoshop plug-ins for noise reduction. Another digital camera site } } I really like is: } } http://www.imaging-resource.com/ } }
Hello, I am setting up a TEM/SEM lab and I need a vacuum coater and critical point freeze drier for the SEM. I cannot afford new equipment and I will consider any used but still functioning equipment, complete with manuals.
Thank you.
Greg Barclay
Dr.G.F. Barclay Plant Science Unit, Dept. of Life Sciences University of the West Indies St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
I'm trying to prepare tem samples from sapphire. There is a thin metal film on the sapphire substrate, as well. I don't have too much experience in this field so, I would greatly appreciate any suggestions about preparing tem samples from sapphire.
Previously, I have prepared couple of Si samples but, sapphire seems to be much harder and difficult to deal with.
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (cassel-at-biology.queensu.ca) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Monday, February 11, 2002 at 15:05:08 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: cassel-at-biology.queensu.ca Name: Stephen Casselman
Organization: Queen's University
Education: Graduate College
Location: Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Question: I am involved in a project which is examining sperm in fish, we will be using a video camera and a microscope to film motile sperm. Much of this work will be done in remote locations. We are interested in buying a new microscope that would able to handle frequent transportation to these remote locations. Ideally the scope would have a padded case specifically for it to be transported in. We generally use a 40 X objective lense. Does such a durable scope exist?
} Hi Listers, } I have a client who is writing a grant and has "re-discovered" some } old techniques that could be very useful in her research. The } problem is, I'm having trouble finding a source or sources for the } reagents. Any ideas on where we could get the following? } Thoria Sol ( aqueous colloidal thorium, once sold by Polysciences. It } does not appear in their on-line catalog, nor in any of the other } catalogs I've checked) to be used for pinocytotic uptake to label } lysosomes. We could use ferritin, but that's so messy (in my hands, } anyway).
How about peroxidase followed by a DAB reaction? Shows pinocytosis well. The method should be in Hyatt's book? Most histology texts (Weiss for one) will have an EM of capillary endothelium with peroxidase showing the vesicles. It may be a Karnovsky technique.
} the full protocol for Gomori's method of acid phosphatase labelling. } I have the citation on order from Inter-Library loan (Arch. } Pathol.1941!!!) but don't know when it will come it.
Gomori had a book out about 1950 or so, I suspect your library will have it. Also, any edition of Lillie's "Histopathological Technique and Practical Histochemistry" should do. Also John Kiernan's book should have it. Maybe even Humason's book will have it.
} Are the reagents still available?
Fisher, Sigma, Aldrich.
} Has anyone out there done either } of these techniques?
Not since grad school.
} Any suggestions for alternates (preferably not } immuno)? } Thanks a million, } Lee } } -- } Leona Cohen-Gould, M.S. } Sr. Staff Associate } Director, Electron Microscopy Core Facility } Manager, Optical Microscopy Core Facility } Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College } of Cornell University } voice (212)746-6146 } fax (212)746-8175
Geoff -- ********************************************** Geoff McAuliffe, Ph.D. Neuroscience and Cell Biology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 voice: (732)-235-4583; fax: -4029 mcauliff-at-umdnj.edu **********************************************
I was just sitting back (but intrigued) but now I must share that I had a very similar thought as your own.
Yeah, I imagined Jenny's actual assignment was to conduct a psychology experiment, the question refined beautifully to elicit a response. Maybe we should name this technique to gauge personality and opinion after her....The Jenneric Response Factor. It might even be good for extra credit on her report. anyway, it gave me quite a chuckle. Even if the original intent was not to extract a slice of humanity, it will perhaps be the most valuable life lesson. Fun stuff.
antiflame disclamer: I am not making light of anyone's serious and passionate responses, just a perspective.
I also find it interesting which questions generate the most responses on the listserver.
Regards, Ed
"James M. Ehrman" {jehrman-at-mta.ca} on 02/11/2002 04:48:27 AM
To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com cc:
Gee, maybe this whole thread is just a Sociology experiment to gauge the response of a small group of specialists to a contentious issue! For my $0.02 ($0.033 Canadian), pick up a copy of "Silicon Snake Oil" by Cliff Stoll. Relevant reading, I think.
Cheers,
Jim
-- James M. Ehrman Digital Microscopy Facility Mount Allison University Sackville, NB E4L 1G7 CANADA
} Any ideas on where we could get the following? } Thoria Sol ( aqueous colloidal thorium, once sold by Polysciences. It } does not appear in their on-line catalog, nor in any of the other } catalogs I've checked) to be used for pinocytotic uptake to label } lysosomes.
Hello Leona,
If you have it available, take a look at pp 116-117 (Section 3.5.5c "Staining acidic carbohydrates with colloidal thorium dioxide") of PR Lewis & DP Knight (1992) "Cytochemical staining methods for electron microscopy", Volume 14 of the "Practical Methods in Electron Microscopy" series.
They state that colloidal thorium was also known as Thorotrast, and was formerly used for medical X-ray diagnosis but is now difficult to obtain (it proved carcinogenic in the patients). Although Lewis & Knight refer to Thorotrast as 'colloidal thorium', other sources indicate that it is colloidal thorium dioxide - go to: http://brighamrad.harvard.edu/Cases/bwh/hcache/161/full.html
Lewis & Knight offer a recipe for home-made colloidal thorium dioxide as an alternative (CARE: RADIOACTIVE), and I have used this exact method myself to stain acidic carbohydrates. It worked a treat. Perhaps it would work in your application too? To make the thorium dioxide I used a very old bottle of thorium nitrate from BDH - a quick search of the WWW suggests it is no longer in their catalogue. Perhaps safety and disposal concerns make it difficult to obtain today. The EM labs on your campus might have a bottle tucked away, if you still want to try it.
Back to the ferritin perhaps? ;-)
Regards
Stephen Edgar
Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
} Hi Listers, } I have a client who is writing a grant and has "re-discovered" some } old techniques that could be very useful in her research. The } problem is, I'm having trouble finding a source or sources for the } reagents. Any ideas on where we could get the following? } Thoria Sol ( aqueous colloidal thorium, once sold by Polysciences. It } does not appear in their on-line catalog, nor in any of the other } catalogs I've checked) to be used for pinocytotic uptake to label } lysosomes. We could use ferritin, but that's so messy (in my hands, } anyway).
This is thorium dioxide, I think. Rather toxic, carcinogenic and radioactive (alpha-emitter) too. It's in the Alfa Aeser catalogue (www.alfa.com) under thorium (IV) oxide.
} the full protocol for Gomori's method of acid phosphatase labelling. } I have the citation on order from Inter-Library loan (Arch. } Pathol.1941!!!) but don't know when it will come it. } Are the reagents still available? Has anyone out there done either } of these techniques? Any suggestions for alternates (preferably not } immuno)?
In "Plant Cell Biology: a Practical Approach" (1994), p. 62, is a full protocol for doing this - I dug this up once before for a student. The authors say there are several methods based on the Gomori reactions, and this is one of them, and that a variety of substrates can be used, giving different coloured products for LM. It looks very straightforward, I guess you'd just have to be careful of artefacts. Ingredients: acetate buffer (acetic acid + Na acetate), naphthol AS-MX phosphate, Fast Red TR, Tris-HCl buffer, dimethylformamide.
If you're after a TEM protocol, "Electron Microscopy of Plant Cells" (1991) gives details on pp. 125-131, recipe p. 161, in which case Pb is precipitated in the reaction - also derived from Gomori. Many cautions about artefacts. Ingredients: beta-glycerophosphate, acetate or Tris-maleate buffer, lead nitrate solution. Or, can use cerium chloride in acetate buffer preincubation, this buffer plus beta-glycerophosphate stain.
Don't think there would be a huge difference between plant and animal (incl human!) cells....
cheers,
Rosemary White Microscopy Centre CSIRO Plant Industry GPO Box 1600 Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
It is CMOS, not CCD, as I read it. This leads to an entirely different venue.
gary g.
At 12:50 PM 2/11/2002, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
I just want to point out two problems with either of these camera, and with other too, from the cheapest to the most expensive :
1- Someone point out the probleme with the JPG compression. Right, but in practice you are obliged to use the best resolution to be alowed to save in TIFF format. If you need some memory to take a lot of pictures (dynamic process), or if you don't need 1500x2000 pixel, you cannot have the tiff format. And why don't these "new", "modern" camera use formats like JEPEG 2000 or SPIFF which let the choice of compressing (lossy or lossless) or not ?
2- An other point, more discreet, is that the picture is adjusted to the "best" dynamic scale before saving. The brighter pixel will be put to "white", i.e. level 255 in 8 bit BW , and the darker to "black", i.e. level 0, or something so. It's probably more sophisticated than that. The important result is that you CANNOT make quantitative mesures on brightness between different pictures. This is never said in commercial or technical shits. You can choice between auto adjustement, normal (what does it mean ?), more or less contrast or brightness, but you cannot put that fonction off (see p 104 of the Coolpix 995 manual). Cheapest camera have no settings, and do simply that adustement. More expensive one let you choice "something" but don't say what they really do. We have our Coolpix only since two month, so I had no time to try if there is a way to bypass this problem. Has someone a experience about that ? We had soon the same problem with the Fuji FinePix S1Pro. But we made only short tests with it.
J. Faerber IPCMS-GSI (Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Groupe Surface et Interfaces) 23, rue de Loess 67037 Strasbourg CEDEX France
For those who may bee interested, I have such a receipt (which I sent to Peter). Please ask off-line, an I can send it.
If some one else have one, I am too interrested. Our receipt works, but has its deffects !
By the way, Edwards remarked about an other topic (EM quest. ...)
"I also find it interesting which questions generate the most responses on the listserver." ..and which questions generate less (or no) responses.
I find it's difficult to know when it's useful to give an answer, when it is better to give it off-line or on the list. Those who use the list since years have perheps an advice about that.
J. Faerber IPCMS-GSI (Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Groupe Surface et Interfaces) 23, rue de Loess 67037 Strasbourg CEDEX France
The "MATERIA NOVA a.s.b.l." research Center, located in Mons - Belgium
recruits
1 Ph.D. or civil engineer - chemist or physicist
to set up and to be in charge of its Department of electronic microscopy (SEM and TEM)
Initiated in 1995 in close collaboration with the University of Mons-Hainaut and the Polytechnic Faculty of Mons, Materia Nova got its own identity in 2000 and has opened up largely its activities to the industrial world. Materia Nova activities rely upon two main research fields: interfacial aspects of materials and polymeric materials.
The main objectives of the Department of electronic microscopy can be summarized as follows: + To reinforce the research Center capacity in materials analysis and characterization : ion and electron spectroscopy - local probe microscopy - ellipsometry - calorimetric methods - optical spectroscopy - chromatographic methods - ... + To contribute to the formation/education in the field of surface and interface chemistry.
Letter of application (preferably written in French) and C.V. have to be addressed to:
Monsieur Joseph LEMINEUR - General Manager - MATERIA NOVA a.s.b.l., Parc Initialis, Avenue Nicolas Copernic, B-7000 Mons, Belgium e-mail: joseph.lemineur-at-umh.ac.be Phone : ++32 (0)65 373800
To find more information concerning MATERIA NOVA" research center, please visit : http://www.materia-nova.com
----------------------------------------------------------- Rachel Gouttebaron laboratoire d'Analyses de Surfaces par Spectroscopie Ionique et Electronique (LASSIE) Materia Nova Parc Initialis Avenue Nicolas Copernic 7000, mons, belgium tel : +32 65 37 38 52 fax : +32 65 37 38 41 e-mail : rachel.gouttebaron-at-umh.ac.be
I have been examining immunogold labelled cell and virus surfaces in a Hitachi S4700 FEG SEM, and would be grateful for your help/ wisdom in interpreting what I see. In SE mode, labelled sites are decorated with rounded blobs about 45-50nm diameter. Clear 10nm gold particles are visible by YAG BSE imaging in the centre of each blob. Blobs/gold are absent in unlabelled controls. Presumably the blob represents the IgG shell surrounding the gold particle? What is the "official" diameter for this shell? (I am trying to estimate how much I have grown it by carbon coating). At least as many labelled locations as are labelled with single gold probes are labelled with binary or ternary probes. Mostly these are pairs or triplets of overlapping blobs, with gold particle centres separated by, typically, 22-24 nm. Occasionally two gold particles appear to be very close together (i.e. touching or separated by 1-3 nm) at the centre of what appears to be a single blob. I assume these latter represent pairs of gold particles that were cross-linked by protein at the time of manufacture of the conjugate. Would that be a fair conclusion? Intermediate spacings seem infrequent (I haven't done any stats on this). Does anyone have a handle on how close individual gold probes can approach each other before being sterically excluded? This would have a bearing on the quantitative relationship between label numbers and closely-spaced epitopes. Is the answer by any chance somewhere in the 22-24 nm region?
Many thanks in advance Chris
========================================== Dr. Chris Jeffree University of Edinburgh BIOSEM - Biological Sciences Electron Microscope Facility Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology Waddington Building King's Buildings, Mayfield Road EDINBURGH, EH9 3JN, Scotland, UK Tel. #44 (0) 131 650 5554 FAX. #44 (0) 131 650 6563 Mobile 07710 585 401 email c.jeffree-at-ed.ac.uk =========================================
A Short Course With Emphasis on Recent Innovations in Tools and Methods
(Including tripod polishing, ion milling, and FIB techniques.)
Instructors: Ron Anderson, IBM (retired); Fred Stevie, NC State; Lucille Giannuzzi, UCF
At the University of Central Florida (prior to the FL AVS/FL Society for Microscopy Meeting) Orlando, FL
Friday, Saturday and Sunday, March 8,9,10, 2002
for registration information please contact: Lucille Giannuzzi, lag-at-mail.ucf.edu
******************************************************************* Lucille A. Giannuzzi, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering Director, UCF/Cirent Materials Characterization Facility University of Central Florida 12443 Research Parkway, Suite 305 Orlando, FL 32826 email lag-at-mail.ucf.edu phone (407) 882-1500 fax (407) 275-4321 -------------------------------------------------------------------- "Good judgement comes from experience.
Experience comes from making bad judgement."
Mark Twain ********************************************************************
If you have a Mac, try the latest version (or at least higher than 4.0.9) of Graphic Converter. http://www.lemkesoft.com shareware, an excellent graphics file-converter program with basic image-manipulation tools. For PCs, there's Irfanview http://www.irfanview.com/english.htm freeware, but there's a more complete shareware version, I *think*. I don't know if Irfanview will convert Gatan to other formats, though.
Phil
} Can anybody help with file conversion? } I need to convert Gatan Format (.dm3) file from Digital Micrograph to RAW } format. } } Thanks, } } Edy Widjaja } Materials Science and Engineering } Northwestern University } reply to : e-widjaja-at-northwestern.edu } office : 847-491-7809 lab : 847-491-3281 } http://www.numis.nwu.edu/internet/Staff/edy -- Philip Oshel Supervisor, BBPIC microscopy facility Department of Animal Sciences University of Wisconsin 1675 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706 - 1284 voice: (608) 263-4162 fax: (608) 262-5157 (dept. fax)
This year we will be hosting the 7th annual RMC Materials Microtomy Short Course in Tucson, Arizona from April 16-19, 2002.
For those of you residing in colder climes, Tucson has just the weather to chase away the onset of those winter-time blues.
Join us, and our internationally renowned course faculty, in sunny Tucson to participate in this unique event. This short course is designed specifically for researchers in the field of materials science who wish to gain exposure to advances in specimen preparation for electron microscopy.
Please email me at stacy-at-boeckeler.com to receive full details and a course brochure.
Warm Regards,
Stacy Darnell Administrative Assistant RMC Products Division Boeckeler Instruments, Inc. stacy-at-boeckeler.com 4650 S. Butterfield Drive Tucson, AZ 85714, USA Tele: 520-745-0001 Fax: 520-745-0004
Hi Listers Thanks to all of you who responded to my inquiry. As always, you all have risen to the challenge, but after further discussion, my client is going to try an approach using fluorescent labelling and FRAP on the confocal. Neither of us wanted to deal with thorium if we didn't have to. If she does need the acid phosphatase for the EM. we'll do an AB-DAB method.
Lee -- Lee Cohen-Gould Electron & Optical Microscopy Facilities Weill Medical College of Cornell U. (212)746-6146 Rms A-105, LC-207
For a fairly easy read regarding CMOS vs. CCD technology, please check the following PDF.
The article is a reprint from Photonics Spectra, January 2001. I'm sure a few things may have changed, but the general ideas have held for a while, and continue to do so.
*Kind Regards, *Dave Hall *Resolution Technology, Inc - (614) 921-0045
-----Original Message----- } From: Gary Gaugler [mailto:gary-at-gaugler.com] Sent: Tuesday, February 12, 2002 12:27 AM To: John Twilley Cc: MSA listserver
It is CMOS, not CCD, as I read it. This leads to an entirely different venue.
gary g.
At 12:50 PM 2/11/2002, you wrote: } ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Can anyone put me in touch with a source for "clam shell" interlocking gold alloy planchets used in the Balzers High Pressure Freezing apparatus - HPM 010? My search for the Swiss Precision company (our previous source) yielded an address in Palo Alto CA (908 Industrial Drive) and a phone number that proved to be that of a private home. The number associated with the company that was given on a web site that accurately described the planchets as Craig Type and as a product of that company was 650-493-0440.
Thanks for any help you can give me in tracking these folks down.
Regards, Bill Sharp William P. Sharp Arizona State University Dept. Plant Biology, box 871601 Tempe, AZ 85287-1601 Phone - (480)-965-3210 Fax - (480)-965-6899
========================================== Dr. Chris Jeffree University of Edinburgh BIOSEM - Biological Sciences Electron Microscope Facility Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology Waddington Building King's Buildings, Mayfield Road EDINBURGH, EH9 3JN, Scotland, UK Tel. #44 (0) 131 650 5554 FAX. #44 (0) 131 650 6563 Mobile 07710 585 401 email c.jeffree-at-ed.ac.uk =========================================
} } "James M. Ehrman" {jehrman-at-mta.ca} on 02/11/2002 04:48:27 AM } ... pick up a copy of "Silicon Snake Oil" by } Cliff Stoll. Relevant reading, I think. }
I've met Cliff Stoll. He's a very interesting character, and an archetypal hacker (in the classic favorable sense of technically proficient and inventive, before the word was co-opted by the ignorant press to mean people who break into computer systems). That someone with his background should be so negative about on-line communities is unusual. His "Cuckoo's Egg" book on computer security makes a dry subject very entertaining.
For another perspective, look at "The Cathedral and the Bazaar" by Eric Raymond. While the nominal subject is the open-source and Linux paths for software development, he is a keen observer of the behavior of on-line groups. His key insight is that, rather like academia but much less structured, reputation is the coin of the realm online as well, which is why so many people will spend so much time in what seems like unproductive activity in traditional career terms. Posts pile up as "publications" of a sort. Peer review is immediate and severe, as we've seen. :)
The New England Society for Microscopy announces that the next meeting of the Society will be held at 6.00 p.m. on Tuesday March 12th. 2002 at the Lexington Laboratory of Raytheon Corporation. The theme of the program will be Scanned Probe Microscopies.
Full details of the meeting, including the program, and information about the New England Society may be found on the Society's Web pages, located at http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MSALAS/NESM/NESMHome.htm
All interested persons are welcome, and invited to attend.
We have a few application notes on preparing sapphire for TEM that you can download from our website. Go to www.southbaytech.com and navigate to "Applications Support". Then select "Application Notes". You are looking for Application Notes 34 and 55. Number 34 deals with Tripod Polishing and number 55 deals with MicroCleaving.
DISCLAIMER: South Bay Technology produces equipment and supplies as described above and, therefore, has a vested interest in promoting their use.
The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html
I'm trying to prepare tem samples from sapphire. There is a thin metal film on the sapphire substrate, as well. I don't have too much experience in this field so, I would greatly appreciate any suggestions about preparing tem samples from sapphire.
Previously, I have prepared couple of Si samples but, sapphire seems to be much harder and difficult to deal with.
Thank you very much, Ayten C. Aktas.
-- David Henriks TEL: +1-949-492-2600 South Bay Technology, Inc. FAX: +1-949-492-1499 1120 Via Callejon San Clemente, CA 92673 USA e-mail: henriks-at-southbaytech.com
I will be preparing both plane view and cross sectional samples. My main concern is to keep the metal film in its initial state throughout the sample preparation steps (as much as possible). The metal films are generally 200-300 Angstrom thick.
Can dimpler alter/damage the thin film?
Second problem is the hardness of the sapphire. Do I have to use diamond products to reduce the thickness of the sapphire substrates? The substrates are 0.5 mm to start with.
For grinding and polishing few different type of equipment are available (from hand polising to automatic polishing machines). Getting access to equipment is not the main concern.
Thanks Ayten C. Aktas
On Mon, 11 Feb 2002, Ayten Celik wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } Dear all, } } I'm trying to prepare tem samples from sapphire. } There is a thin metal film on the sapphire substrate, as well. } I don't have too much experience in this field so, I would greatly } appreciate any suggestions about preparing tem samples from sapphire. } } Previously, I have prepared couple of Si samples but, sapphire seems to be } much harder and difficult to deal with. } } } Thank you very much, } Ayten C. Aktas. } }
Hi all, Does anyone have experience using polypyrrole films in lieu of formvar/collodion in TEM applications? They sound like the best thing since sliced bread, as they are very thin and conductive. Too good to be true? Comments? Randy
----- Forwarded by Gerard D Gagne/LAKE/PPRD/ABBOTT on 02/12/02 05:28 PM -----
Jane A Fagerland To: Gerard D Gagne/LAKE/PPRD/ABBOTT-at-ABBOTT cc: 02/12/02 Subject: internships 05:25 PM
The Department of Microscopy and Microanalysis at Abbott Laboratories will sponsor two summer internships for students interested in experiencing microscopy in the healthcare industry. One internship will be in Biological Microscopy, and one will be in Materials/Surface Science.
The department houses state-of-the-art equipment including field emission and environmental scanning electron microscopes with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopes, several types of fluorescence technologies (including conventional fluorescence, confocal, and flow cytometry), light microscopy (including polarized light and interference contrast), laser capture microdissection, and all ancillary preparatory equipment such as microtomes, cryostat, and evaporative coaters. Surface analytical capabilities include x-ray photoelectron spectrometry and atomic force microscopy. We have several image analysis systems, including MetaMorph and AnalySIS. The department consists of nine microscopists with expertise in cell biology, materials analysis, surface chemistry, ultrastructural pathology, in vitro toxicology, and all the associated technical skills.
For details about summer internships at Abbott and for application forms and instructions, please visit www.abbott.com and follow the instructions there. Please note: the deadline for applications is March 1!
IN ADDITION, please send a copy of your resume with cover letter either by snail mail or e-mail to:
Jane A. Fagerland, Ph.D. Abbott Laboratories D-R45M/AP31 200 Abbott Park Rd. Abbott Park IL 60048-6202
Would anyone using a Nikon Coolpix 995 digital camera on a Nikon Eclipse series compound microscope please contact me regarding your experiences with this setup. I'd like to know the pro's and con's of working with this system to produce publishable images.
Mary, find someone with a focused ion beam (FIB) system that is willing to try non-semiconductor applications, otherwise it will take you just this side of forever to produce both plan view and cross section specimens. Failing that, you have a real challenge on your hands, I'm afraid. If you can make do with cross sections only, do a Listserver search on tripod polishing.
Tom Malis Materials Technology Lab Ottawa, Canada
} From: Ayten Celik {celik-at-students.uiuc.edu} } Date: Tue, 12 Feb 2002 15:19:18 -0600 (CST) } To: {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} } Subject: More detail..Re: Suggestions on sapphire samples } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } Hi, } } I will be preparing both plane view and cross sectional samples. My main } concern is to keep the metal film in its initial state throughout the } sample preparation steps (as much as possible). The metal films are } generally 200-300 Angstrom thick. } } Can dimpler alter/damage the thin film? } } Second problem is the hardness of the sapphire. Do I have to use diamond } products to reduce the thickness of the sapphire substrates? The } substrates are 0.5 mm to start with. } } For grinding and polishing few different type of equipment are available } (from hand polising to automatic polishing machines). Getting access to } equipment is not the main concern. } } } Thanks } Ayten C. Aktas } } } On Mon, 11 Feb 2002, Ayten Celik wrote: } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } } Dear all, } } } } I'm trying to prepare tem samples from sapphire. } } There is a thin metal film on the sapphire substrate, as well. } } I don't have too much experience in this field so, I would greatly } } appreciate any suggestions about preparing tem samples from sapphire. } } } } Previously, I have prepared couple of Si samples but, sapphire seems to be } } much harder and difficult to deal with. } } } } } } Thank you very much, } } Ayten C. Aktas. } } } } } }
I had a couple of people ask me about the PBL curriculum at the UH medical school as part of the thread about answering the questions from the students at Georgia Tech. For those who are interested, a statement about the philosophy can be found by visiting http://hawaiimed.hawaii.edu and clicking on the Medical Education link.
I'm not associated with the medical school, but the med students I've know have been very happy with it. However, I haven't had to visit any of them in an emergency, yet...!
Aloha, Tina
**************************************************************************** * Tina (Weatherby) Carvalho * tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu * * Biological Electron Microscope Facility * (808) 956-6251 * * University of Hawaii at Manoa * http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bemf* ****************************************************************************
I can only give a personal opinion based on my own experience with fluorescence microscopy. For low-light applications I personally prefer intensified cameras like the Isis-3 from Photonic Science ( http://www.photonic-science.ltd.uk/zzt_isis3.html ). These cameras allow you to work in extreme dim working conditions, which will keep your biological assay simple. You will not need to use several intensifying steps by using multiple layers of antibodies in an assay to get enough signal to get over the detection limit of your camera. These cameras will also allow you to keep up the speed of your image acquisition as you will not need to integrate the signal and thereby slow down the image capture process.
The main disadvantage of this approach is the relatively low S/N ratio in your images, but this can be compensated for with the proper digital filters and analysis algortihms.
When using cameras without image intensifier, you will probably need to integrate the signal over a certain period of time, which will slow down the acquisition proces and won't allow you to analyse "fast" dynamic processes. The benefit of this approach is a better S/N ratio than with intensified cameras and subsequent a more simplified analysis.
One of the issues under consideration is however the size of the CCD-elements on the camera, which are a measure of how much photons can be accumulated. There is an inverse relation between the size of the CCD-elements and the Nyquist sampling rate. For a given resolution (~ N.A.) of a microscope, you will need to magnify you image more if the CCD-elements are bigger than with smaller CCD-elements on the chip. You need to match the resolution of your microscope to that of your camera to obtain optimal results.
But there is also an inverse relation between the magnification and the amount of light (~I) hitting your camera ( I am not quite sure anymore, but it is something like this: I = N.A.^4 / M^2). So, the more you magnify your image, the more light you lose. Low-light fluorescence microscopy with immersion-oil lenses (high N.A.) and intensified cameras gives exciting results, but is sometimes a bit messy ;-)
Best regards,
Peter Van Osta
-- Dr. Peter Van Osta
Union Biometrica N.V./S.A. European Scientific Operations
Cipalstraat 3 B-2440 Geel Belgium
tel.: +32 (0)14 570 619 fax.: +32 (0)14 570 621
Michael Herron wrote: } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } All, } } OK so it is a given that consumer grade cameras have relativly poor low } light performance. That said, are there cameras that have better than } average lowlight performance? Are any of the consumer cameras capable } of binning? } } Mike
Any local Kodak distributor should be able to order the 4489 film. It takes 2-4 weeks for delivery. They probably will not keep it in stock, however most places should be a able to order it. You could try Kodak's main office Rochester, NY for names and phone numbers of local distributors. Good Luck.
I am assessing vastly different systems that use the Nikon DN100, the Sony DXC390, or the Q-Imaging Micropublisher cameras for capturing bright field microscopy (mainly frozen biopsies). I am seeking any comments or experiences (benefits/limitations) about any of these three cameras (or others). For example, ease of use, software friendliness, quality, robustness, . . .
Please feel free to send responses offline, if they are not appropriate for the list.
Thank you,
Peter O. Steele, Ph.D. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine All Children's Hospital St. Petersburg, Fl
Randy, Of course it's too good to be true...for now. We are currently working on new ways to synthesize polypyrrole (and polyaniline, also a conducting polymer). Unfortunately, these and related conducting polymers are sensitive to temperature, and only conduct if doped properly (in certain pH ranges with certain dopants). Plus, the films themselves are quite brittle and somewhat difficult to manipulate. Like all new materials, though, it is a promising technology, and applications such as the one you mentioned is a definite possibility. File the provisonal patent now!
Paul E. Anderson Post-doctoral Research Associate Northeastern University Department of Chemistry 102 Hurtig Hall Boston, MA 02115
Gordon, I get my 4489 from VWR and Electron Microscopy Sciences. The Med. School contracts with VWR, so we get a bit of a discount from them, but sometimes they don't have it in stock. Lee -- Lee Cohen-Gould Electron & Optical Microscopy Facilities Weill Medical College of Cornell U. (212)746-6146 Rms A-105, LC-207
Short Course ?Specific localisation methods and microscopy in Food Research.?
Sunday May 5th, 2002, 8:00 am - 6:00 PM Electron Microscopy Centre, McGill University Montréal, Québec, Canada
Sponsored by the Food Structure & Functionality Forum Division of the AOCS
Short Course Organizer: Marcel Paques, Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences / Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
Spreadability, shelve life, fracture behaviour, and creaminess are examples of functional properties of food products. These properties originate from the microscopic structure of products. Specific localisation techniques and microscopy are powerful tools to facilitate intelligent modification of ingredient composition or processing to obtain targeted food product properties. The short course is aimed at R&D personnel in the Foods area (fundamental research, innovation, and product development). The course consists of lectures and an intensive hands-on practical section providing participants with sufficient basic knowledge and skills to set-up and implement the methods in their own work. Registered participants are encouraged to submit application-related questions to the instructors by email prior to the short. In addition a personal consultation is offered to each participant scheduled (by appointment) during the AOCS Annual Symposium 2002 in the days directly following the short course. Contact Marcel Paques at paques-at-nizo.nl with questions.
Programme topics include:
· Pre-course consultation (by email) with participants to ensure the course content is relevant and applicable to participants? interests · Introduction to specific localisation methods and principles · Localisation strategies, marking options, and imaging approaches · Experimental set-up, preparation and incubation procedures · Demonstration examples · Hands-on practical sessions · Tailored help and advice during private consultation session following short course
Course contributors: Jan Leunissen (Aurion: immuno Gold Reagents & accessories, custom labeling, The Netherlands) Hong Yi (Emory Neurology Microscopy Core Laboratory, Emory University Department of Neurology, USA) Marcel Paques (Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences/Unilever Research Vlaardingen, The Netherlands)
Registration Fee: $375. The registration fee includes complete course materials, continental breakfast, lunch, two refreshment breaks, and transportation to and from McGill University.
Space is limited so register online today! http://www.aocs.org/meetings/am2002/fscourse.htm
This electronic message is sent by NIZO food research to its business partner and may contain confidential information only to be used by the client. The contents may not be used by, copied or revealed to any other person than the addressee. In case this message was mistakenly addressed to you, please return the message to info-at-nizo.nl or call +31 (0)318 659 511
If I'm not mistaken, National Graphic Supply in Albany carries this film in stock. In the past, George Laing has been our contact there for photographic supplies. The number I have for them is 1-800-223-7130, and George's extension is 3109. I haven't been in touch with them for awhile, but George has always been very helpful in the past.
Randy
Randy Tindall EM Specialist Electron Microscopy Core Facility W122 Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211 Tel: (573) 882-8304 Fax: (573) 884-5414 Email: tindallr-at-missouri.edu Web: http://www.biotech.missouri.edu/emc/
-----Original Message----- } From: Gordon Nord [mailto:gnord-at-mindspring.com] Sent: Tuesday, February 12, 2002 12:25 PM To: Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com
Dear List,
We need a New York City source for Kodak Electron Microscope film 4489 (3.25" x 4").
Arkin Medeo was our previous source but their phones are disconnected and we can't find them.
Thanks, Gordon Nord
-- Gordon L. Nord Jr. Environmental Sciences Laboratory Brooklyn College
Ayten; I prepared some silicon on sapphire samples at Lockheed a number of years ago using dimple and ion mill techniques, but it is extremely challenging. The sapphire is nearly as hard as diamond, so the polishing rates are extremely slow. If you get aggressive, then it cracks. If you want to look at a metal film on top of the sapphire, you should cap it with SiO2, or it will be corroded/eroded and destroyed by the time the sapphire gets thin. I never tried plan views, but they should be similarly challenging. You will also find ion milling rates to be extremely slow, and must be done with the beam crossing the sapphire first, using rocking of the sample (never rotating) or the metal film will be lost. Tom Malik's suggestion of finding a FIB should be taken very seriously.
John Mardinly Intel
-----Original Message----- } From: Ayten Celik [mailto:celik-at-students.uiuc.edu] Sent: Tuesday, February 12, 2002 1:19 PM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Hi,
I will be preparing both plane view and cross sectional samples. My main concern is to keep the metal film in its initial state throughout the sample preparation steps (as much as possible). The metal films are generally 200-300 Angstrom thick.
Can dimpler alter/damage the thin film?
Second problem is the hardness of the sapphire. Do I have to use diamond products to reduce the thickness of the sapphire substrates? The substrates are 0.5 mm to start with.
For grinding and polishing few different type of equipment are available (from hand polising to automatic polishing machines). Getting access to equipment is not the main concern.
Thanks Ayten C. Aktas
On Mon, 11 Feb 2002, Ayten Celik wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } Dear all, } } I'm trying to prepare tem samples from sapphire. } There is a thin metal film on the sapphire substrate, as well. } I don't have too much experience in this field so, I would greatly } appreciate any suggestions about preparing tem samples from sapphire. } } Previously, I have prepared couple of Si samples but, sapphire seems to be } much harder and difficult to deal with. } } } Thank you very much, } Ayten C. Aktas. } }
One possible way to bypass automatic adjustment with the coolpix 995 is to set it to manual operation,and turn off the awb (auto white balance).
Regards
Alfredo
Faerber Jacques {Jacques.Faerber-at-ipcms.u-strasbg.fr} wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
__________________________________________________________________ Your favorite stores, helpful shopping tools and great gift ideas. Experience the convenience of buying online with Shop-at-Netscape! http://shopnow.netscape.com/
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Gordon, Arkin Medo changed their number. The new number for Arkin Medo is (718) 445-4000. Frank
At 01:24 PM 2/12/02 -0500, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
I am searching for references on measurement of oxide film thickness on metals by WDS in the SEM or TEM (as an alternative to XPS/Auger). Does anyone have advice on the "best" journal papers on this topic?
Sincerely, Paul Baggethun ================== Alcoa Technical Center Alcoa Center, PA 15069 (724) 337-1760 ==================
One of my former students developed a very nice technique to make both plan view and cross sectional samples based on the Tripod Polisher from South Bay Technology. It is a high angle polishing technique that works particularly well for samples where the film and the substrate have very different hardness and milling rate. With this technique you can also monitor the actual thickness of the thinned part of the sample. We have successfully used the technique to make samples of sapphire as well as Si (particularly good for this technique), LaAlO3, SiC, GaAs, SrTiO3, etc. The reference for the description of the technique is
"The Concept of High Angle Wedge Polishing and Thickness Monitoring in TEM Sample Preparation," Hao Li, and L. Salamanca-Riba, Ultramicroscopy 88, 171-8 (2001).
If you want to see TEM images of samples made with this technique let me know and I will e-mail you some off line.
Good luck,
Lourdes Salamanca-Riba
----- Original Message ----- } From: Ayten Celik {celik-at-students.uiuc.edu} To: {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} Sent: Tuesday, February 12, 2002 4:19 PM
Hi Listers,
This appeal goes out to all the old timers out there who remember back when all pictures were created in the darkroom (I still think film and paper give a better picture and you techies out there can't change my mind ;-) ).
I have an old Densi-timer model PTM-4A made by Lektra Laboratories, Inc. It is a swell little thing that helps determine the exposure time for a print by using some sort of magic using a red light pointed at a medium gray tone of the negative and several knobs geared towards what grade of paper is being used.
Now I'm an old hand a printing and am used to just kind of knowing what time and what kind of paper to use to make a pretty picture, but my young helpers aren't. Does anyone know of a similar type device that is new & modern? This puppy has tubes and is on it's last legs.
I have money buring a hole in my pocket and Uncle Sam will take it back if I don't spend it soon. Any suggestions as to where to look and what's out there are greatly appreciated. Folks I talked to out here just gave me a blank stare.
Help keep me in the dark(room),
Paula :-)
Paula Sicurello George Washington Univ. Medical Center Dept. of Pathology, Ross Hall rm 505 Electron Microscope Lab 2300 Eye St. Washington, DC 20037 202-994-2930 phone 202-994-2518 fax
We are pleased to announce the availability of a Summer Internship at Intel Santa Clara for the Summer of 2002. The successful candidate will develop techniques for TEM Electron Tomographic 3D imaging of microelectronic structures. This work will involve everything from focused ion beam specimen preparation, imaging, reconstruction, rendering, and presentation via digital movies. The ideal candidate should be a graduate student in Materials Science, Physics, or equivalent, with experience in general theory and use of transmission electron microscopes, and be particularly facile with PCs and image processing. Unix/Linnux/SG experience would be a great asset. This work is being conducted in collaboration with the Agard Laboratories at UCSF, and frequent travel between Santa Clara and San Francisco will be required. Non-citizen candidates must have a Green Card or other legal right to work in the United States. Interested candidates should contact me and submit resumes as soon as possible either by e-mail, phone, or at the below mailing address. Thank you.
John Mardinly John.Mardinly-at-Intel.com Intel Corp. 2200 Mission College Blvd. SC9-7 Santa Clara, CA 95054 Desk: 408-765-2346 Pager: 408-322-6490
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (hina-at-ohio.edu) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Wednesday, February 13, 2002 at 11:24:14 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: hina-at-ohio.edu Name: Sarah Hina
Organization: Ohio University
Education: Graduate College
Location: Athens, OH USA
Question: I work in a lab where we are investigating hair bundles of the utricle (inner ear). I have a question regarding osmolarity and TEM fixation. We are using the De Groot fixative, which contains 3% Glutaraldehyde, 2% Paraformaldehyde, 1% Acrolein, and 2.5% DMSO in 0.8M Sodium Cacodylate-HCL buffer. The total osmolarity is 1149 mmol/kg, considerably more hypertonic than the extracellular fluid (about 280 osmoles). I have read that glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde do not contribute significantly to the effective osmotic pressure of the fixative. Is this true? Does anyone know if acrolein and DMSO contribute to the effective pressure? We measured the osmolarity of our buffer alone, and it was a more reasonable 415 mmol/kg. Is this the more important value? Also, we are fixing by way of vascular perfusion, which according to what I have read, requires a more hyperosmolar solution. I would very much appreciate any comments or suggestions. Thanks!
Gordon, Although not in NYC, National Graphic Supply of Albany keep EM film in stock and can ship the same day of order. They give a special discount price for Colleges and Universities. Phone: 1-800-223-7130 or check their web site at http://www.ngscorp.com
Disclaimer: I have no commercial interest in the firm. They have supplier us satisfactorily for many years . Henry
Henry Eichelberger, Manager Electron Microscopy Facility Department of Biological Sciences Binghamton University Binghamton, NY 13902-6000
-----Original Message----- } From: Gordon Nord [mailto:gnord-at-mindspring.com] Sent: Tuesday, February 12, 2002 1:25 PM To: Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com
Dear List,
We need a New York City source for Kodak Electron Microscope film 4489 (3.25" x 4").
Arkin Medeo was our previous source but their phones are disconnected and we can't find them.
Thanks, Gordon Nord
-- Gordon L. Nord Jr. Environmental Sciences Laboratory Brooklyn College
I use an X-Rite densitometer for critical neg analysis and printing. Sorry, not TEM or SEM negs. But the trick is to collect the D of highlights and shadows and then determine the total D range of the neg. This then leads to the optimal contrast factor for print paper and how much dodging and burning is necessary for a final print.
If you scan the original neg at high rez, you can get a good idea of its range from PS histogram. Then, adjust accordingly.
gary g.
At 12:37 PM 2/13/2002, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Adaptive behaviour and non-linearity of the response of a camera are common problems in digital microscopy. Most of the cameras I prefer to use have the option to disable this adaptive behaviour, but also the framegrabber/digitizer can have an adaptive response. For quantitative microscopy I prefer to disable the adaptive behaviour on both the camera and the framegrabber.
In general it is best to calibrate the response of a camera and framegrabber with a "dark" image and a "white" image which corresponds with the dynamic range of the microscope image(s) you intend to acquire after disabling the adaptive behaviour. Afterwards you can use these images for calculation of the optimal dynamic range.
For JPEG and TIFF file formats, it is generally a bad idea to use JPEG compression for images that need to be analysed afterwards, certainly for color images as this will introduce artefacts. For B/W images, JPEG compression can be used, depending on the kind of analysis that follows or if the images are only meant for displaying and printing. In my opinion it is no use to acquire an image with a 100X high N.A. oil-immersion lens and afterwards destroy the fine detail with JPEG-compression. One of the advantages of JPEG-compression however is that there are hardware compression engines available, which allow you to do the compression in real-time which might be useful if speed is an issue.
For images that are meant to be analysed, I personally prefer lossles LZW-compression on TIFF images, certainly for color images. It gives you less data-compression than is possible with JPEG-compression, but the quality of the iamges is better preserved.
In general one needs to be aware of the difference between lossy and lossles compression algorithms and what the images are meant for in the end.
Best regards,
Peter
-- Dr. Peter Van Osta
Union Biometrica N.V./S.A. European Scientific Operations
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