I hope this doesn't start off a thorny side debate about the pros and cons of turning our microscopes off or not when not in use, but I think that Ritchie is correct. I don't know your local situation but unless there is some really compelling reason to turn the electron optics console off on weekends then you should ideally leave it on permanently as you do the vacuum system. (Just blank out or turn down the brightness if you are worried about "burn marks" from characters on the TV monitor screens?) There are at least two elements to this:
1. Even if leaving the electronics on all of the time means that you have to replace the monitor screens every few years, the risk of other much more serious (read expensive) things going wrong over the microscope's service life as a result of cycling the power hundreds of times, is probably a lot more significant. The replacement costs for the monitor screens would generally be peanuts compared with the costs of diagnosing and replacing some of the other dozens of bits and pieces in the electronics console, especially any one of a large number of individual boards that could fail. Add to that the cost of the down time while you wait for replacement parts. Usually you get a fair bit of warning from an ageing monitor screen via gradual loss of picture quality, so you can change it at leisure, and replacement costs should only be in the order of hundreds of dollars or less rather than the all-up costs in the thousands of dollars or more for many components in the rest of the machine.
2. In any case there is a risk that turning the electron optics console on and off hundreds of times could abruptly shorten the life of the monitor tubes anyway -- even more than simply leaving them on, because thermal cycling of the filament will place mechanical stresses on the filament itself, the other gun components, and metal-glass seals etc.
I suppose the disclaimer is that of course the optimum on/off regime is dependent on one's particular local situation.
} } Reading you question ,Ritchie, I thought you might be right. The } electronics probably would last longer if I don't turn on and off the } console 50 times a year, but I think TV monitors, would burn out. } } Regards, } Pavel
Arthur Day, Electron Microscope Unit Phone: 61-2-9717-3457 Ansto Materials Division Fax: 61-2-9543-7179 PMB 1, Menai (Sydney), NSW, 2234 Email: ard-at-ansto.gov.au Australia www: http://www.ansto.gov.au/
Listers, I am interested in recirculating chillers that can be attached to electropolishing units. These 'chillers' pump coolant to the electropolishing unit and the temperatures range that I require needs to be as far down as -40°C. If someone has one could they send me the brand/make?
Listers, I am interested in recirculating chillers that can be attached to electropolishing units. These 'chillers' pump coolant to the electropolishing unit and the temperatures range that I require needs to be as far down as -40°C. If someone has one could they send me the brand/make?
Thanks in advance, Steven
-- Dr. Steven Celotto Department of Engineering Materials Science & Engineering University of Liverpool Brownlow Hill Liverpool L69 3BX UNITED KINGDOM
I booked my flight right into Quebec City. Check your arrangements. Montreal is a long way from Quebec City.
Lee
At 8:36 AM -0400 6/28/02, Corazon D. Bucana wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
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I have been using the older Leica Lynx tissue processor (Now distributed by Electron Microscopy Sciences under the name Vision EMS processor) for 6 years and have been extremely pleased with the reliability, efficiency, and quality. There are a few potential short falls inherent with any automated tissue processor versus processing by hand which include the incorporation of air bubbles which can get trapped in the processing baskets and prevent good fluid exchange with the tissue. Also there is the potential problem of vials jamming if the vials are not seated securely in the carousel or if the vials are not symetrically round. I have not experienced jamming vials but I know this can be a problem if you are not careful. The automated tissue processors are extremely helpful in our lab because we process thousands of samples a year and the overall sample preservation is good.
David Cugier Associate Cellular and Molecular Biologist Abbott Labs 847-938-6725 David.Cugier-at-Abbott.com
kwalters {kwalters-at-blue.weeg. To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com uiowa.edu} cc: Subject: Lynx el Tissue Processor for EM samples 06/27/02 04:02 PM
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Hi,
Has anyone had experience with this automated processor of EM samples? Thanks for any information you can provide me.
The key to having command of any tool is to understand how it works! The microscope IS a tool!
Regards,
Fred Monson
Frederick C. Monson, PhD Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging Schmucker II Science Center West Chester University South Church Street and Rosedale West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 Phone: 610-738-0437 FAX: 610-738-0437 fmonson-at-wcupa.edu CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/
} ---------- } From: danthony38-at-cogeco.ca } Sent: Friday, June 28, 2002 9:04 AM } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: Ask-A-Microscopist: Polarizer and Crystals in LM } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was } submitted by (danthony38-at-cogeco.ca) from } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Wednesday, } June 26, 2002 at 13:32:34 } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- } - } } Email: danthony38-at-cogeco.ca } Name: don anthony } } Education: 9-12th Grade High School } } Location: peterborough ont canada } } Question: I have seen beautiful photos of, (as I was told)chemicals } crystalized on glass slides. As it was explained to me, a polorizer } was placed in front of the light source,and a second polorizer, above } the crystals being photographed. The profusion of colour was } unbelieveable, and when the polorizer was moved slightly, the colours } changed, creating a different picture. My question is,after trying to } duplicate this proceedure, I'm getting no where, can anyone help? } Also what chemicals make for the best crystals. Many thanks Don } } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- } - } }
I have been using the older Leica Lynx tissue processor (Now distributed by Electron Microscopy Sciences under the name Vision EMS processor) for 6 years and have been extremely pleased with the reliability, efficiency, and quality. There are a few potential short falls inherent with any automated tissue processor versus processing by hand which include the incorporation of air bubbles which can get trapped in the processing baskets and prevent good fluid exchange with the tissue. Also there is the potential problem of vials jamming if the vials are not seated securely in the carousel or if the vials are not symetrically round. I have not experienced jamming vials but I know this can be a problem if you are not careful. The automated tissue processors are extremely helpful in our lab because we process thousands of samples a year and the overall sample preservation is good.
David Cugier Associate Cellular and Molecular Biologist Abbott Labs 847-938-6725 David.Cugier-at-Abbott.com
kwalters {kwalters-at-blue.weeg. To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com uiowa.edu} cc: Subject: Lynx el Tissue Processor for EM samples 06/27/02 04:02 PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Hi,
Has anyone had experience with this automated processor of EM samples? Thanks for any information you can provide me.
I have been using the older Leica Lynx tissue processor (Now distributed by Electron Microscopy Sciences under the name Vision EMS processor) for 6 years and have been extremely pleased with the reliability, efficiency, and quality. There are a few potential short falls inherent with any automated tissue processor versus processing by hand which include the incorporation of air bubbles which can get trapped in the processing baskets and prevent good fluid exchange with the tissue. Also there is the potential problem of vials jamming if the vials are not seated securely in the carousel or if the vials are not symetrically round. I have not experienced jamming vials but I know this can be a problem if you are not careful. The automated tissue processors are extremely helpful in our lab because we process thousands of samples a year and the overall sample preservation is good.
David Cugier Associate Cellular and Molecular Biologist Abbott Labs 847-938-6725 David.Cugier-at-Abbott.com
kwalters {kwalters-at-blue.weeg. To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com uiowa.edu} cc: Subject: Lynx el Tissue Processor for EM samples 06/27/02 04:02 PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Hi,
Has anyone had experience with this automated processor of EM samples? Thanks for any information you can provide me.
I have been using the older Leica Lynx tissue processor (Now distributed by Electron Microscopy Sciences under the name Vision EMS processor) for 6 years and have been extremely pleased with the reliability, efficiency, and quality. There are a few potential short falls inherent with any automated tissue processor versus processing by hand which include the incorporation of air bubbles which can get trapped in the processing baskets and prevent good fluid exchange with the tissue. Also there is the potential problem of vials jamming if the vials are not seated securely in the carousel or if the vials are not symetrically round. I have not experienced jamming vials but I know this can be a problem if you are not careful. The automated tissue processors are extremely helpful in our lab because we process thousands of samples a year and the overall sample preservation is good.
David Cugier Associate Cellular and Molecular Biologist Abbott Labs 847-938-6725 David.Cugier-at-Abbott.com
kwalters {kwalters-at-blue.weeg. To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com uiowa.edu} cc: Subject: Lynx el Tissue Processor for EM samples 06/27/02 04:02 PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Hi,
Has anyone had experience with this automated processor of EM samples? Thanks for any information you can provide me.
} Morning Don, } } Please begin with: } } http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/polarized/polarizedhome.html } } Then, to get your colors from polarized light, you must understand } the phenomenon: } } http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/virtual/polarizing/ } } The key to having command of any tool is to understand how it works! The } microscope IS a tool! } } Regards, } } Fred Monson } } Frederick C. Monson, PhD } Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging } Schmucker II Science Center } West Chester University } South Church Street and Rosedale } West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 } Phone: 610-738-0437 } FAX: 610-738-0437 } fmonson-at-wcupa.edu } CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ } WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ } Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/ } } } ---------- } From: danthony38-at-cogeco.ca } Sent: Friday, June 28, 2002 9:04 AM } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: Ask-A-Microscopist: Polarizer and Crystals in LM } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was } submitted by (danthony38-at-cogeco.ca) from } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Wednesday, } June 26, 2002 at 13:32:34 } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- } - } } Email: danthony38-at-cogeco.ca } Name: don anthony } } Education: 9-12th Grade High School } } Location: peterborough ont canada } } Question: I have seen beautiful photos of, (as I was told)chemicals } crystalized on glass slides. As it was explained to me, a polorizer } was placed in front of the light source,and a second polorizer, above } the crystals being photographed. The profusion of colour was } unbelieveable, and when the polorizer was moved slightly, the colours } changed, creating a different picture. My question is,after trying to } duplicate this proceedure, I'm getting no where, can anyone help? } Also what chemicals make for the best crystals. Many thanks Don } } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- } - } } }
We have a problem here, whereby the picture taken using the confocal microscopy is distorted in MetaMorph.The picture taken is 1mm by 1mm, but when the planes are rotated(90° angle), the x and y axis seem distored. I have been trying to calibrate the xy distances, but it doesn't seem to work. I was wondering if anyone can inform me the exact ways of calibrating the distances, or the reasons for the pictures being distorted.
Easiest way to do this is contacting UIC at http://www.universal-imaging.com and follow the links to support, they have on site scientific to help you out. "Abdul Rani, Suriani" {suriani-at-erc.montana.edu} wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Hi! } } We have a problem here, whereby the picture taken using the confocal } microscopy is distorted in MetaMorph.The picture taken is 1mm by 1mm, but } when the planes are rotated(90° angle), the x and y axis seem distored. I } have been trying to calibrate the xy distances, but it doesn't seem to work. } I was wondering if anyone can inform me the exact ways of calibrating the } distances, or the reasons for the pictures being distorted. } } Thank you for your help. } } Suriani Abdul Rani } Control Lab } CBE,MSU } Montana } } suriania-at-erc.montana.edu } }
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I would have to say that the blame is not so much on NT as it is on typical user practices. The security of any system relies a great deal on the security practices of its users.
That said - there are, not surprisingly, a number of solutions to the problem along the lines of what you suggest. Since system administration is a secondary part of many readers' job descriptions (myself included), I feel emphasis ought to be on easy to configure/implement. (I don't know any details on scripting a command to execute after a specified period without input; perhaps "at")
I should mention first that I don't use auditing or auto-logout, so I can't claim first-hand experience that might allow me to point out possible pitfalls. I do, however, always set the system to lock after a specified period (see below).
If the system is controlling instrumentation, or runs processes that take a long time (users likely to get coffee/lunch while waiting), I would suggest that the system be set to lock, rather than logoff. An auto-logoff will either hang waiting for applications to terminate, or terminate all applications if properly configured (losing unsaved data). This could be a real problem for some instruments, and upsetting for some users. If the system is set to lock, and a user forgets to logoff, anyone with administrative privileges (presumably you) can unlock the workstation in order to properly logoff the last user.
The easiest way I know to setup a local session timeout is to setup a password-protected screensaver. The first step here is to make sure users can't change the screensaver settings. This is best done using the NT system policy editor (NOT the Win 9x version). This is included with NT Server, and perhaps with the Resource Kit as well - I don't know of other ways to get it, but there may be. It can be installed on an NT workstation, using the NT Server disk.
If you have no way to obtain the policy editor, access to the screensaver tab (as well as just about anything else) can also be restricted by manually editing the registry. After restricting access to the screensaver settings, proceed as below:
To setup a lock timeout, just go to the screensaver tab, set the wait time reasonably short, and fill the "password protected" check-box -- doesn't get any easier!
To setup an auto-logoff timeout, you'll need to install and configure the winexit screensaver (included in the resource kit), as well as edit some permissions to keep it from hanging when trying to shut down programs.
My apologies to all if this has begun to wander a bit from the scope of this list, but many of us have to deal with these issues without proper background or support. (i.e. "winging it")
Ed: if you need further details I would suggest contacting me off the list.
Best,
Kevin Frischmann
Microscopy & Imaging Facility American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York, NY 10024-5192 USA
To: Kevin Frischmann {kfrisch-at-amnh.org} Cc: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Judy,
I believe you can obtain the information you need without installing any additional software. Windows NT has built-in tools for tracking users' logons/logoffs (among other things), though it's not enabled by default.
Click Start -} Programs -} Administrative Tools (Common) -} User Manager Select the Policies menu -} Audit..., and you'll find a window that allows you to enable auditing, and select which events are audited and logged. In your case, I'd recommend just enabling auditing for successful logons and logoffs. Everything selected will be logged to the Security Event Log: C:\WINNT\system32\config\SecEvent.Evt (Assuming %SystemRoot% is C:\WINNT\).
In order to view, filter, sort, and archive the log, as well as change settings like maximum file size and overwrite policy, use the Event Viewer: Click Start -} Programs -} Administrative Tools (Common) -} Event Viewer
Use Log -} Security to select the Security Log for viewing. I think you'll find the View -} Filter Events... selection will allow you to do everything you need, without having to import to a spreadsheet.
This is the easiest to configure option I can think of; If you need something a bit more sophisticated, and/or need to audit a large number of workstations, Fred Monson's suggestions are certainly more appropriate.
Best Regards,
Kevin Frischmann
Microscopy & Imaging Facility American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York, NY 10024-5192 USA
At 05:06 PM 6/27/02 -0400, Judy Trogadis wrote: This topic may have been discussed, if so, I will look at the archives if you tell me an approximate date.
Some of the microscopes in our facility are sometimes left in a sorry state by inexperienced or hasty users. I would like to keep track of users who are actually capturing images, therefore using the computer (if fingerprint sensors exist, let me know, I can just dust the microscope knobs).
Has anyone used software that keeps a record of login ID's and hours of use? We are on NT operating systems.
Thank you
Judy Trogadis Bio-Imaging Coordinator St. Michael's Hospital, 8Queen 30 Bond St. Toronto, ON M5B 1W8 Canada
The responses from the request for comments about the Lynx EM processor were extremely helpful, so I thought I'd go out on a limb and see if anyone had comments about the Leica EM processor.
I have collected the Lynx responses in a file and would be glad to send it on if anyone needs this information.
The responses from the request for comments about the Lynx EM processor were extremely helpful, so I thought I'd go out on a limb and see if anyone had comments about the Leica EM processor.
I have collected the Lynx responses in a file and would be glad to send it on if anyone needs this information.
i'm looking at some daguerreotypes (early photographs on Ag coated Cu plates) in the sem to find out about the silver tarnish that forms on the surfaces. as expected i find sulphur in it, but not in all the areas that look tarnished. i suspect that since the AgS layer may be thin when compared to the beam penetration, and that the underlying material is all Ag (with some Au toning agent) i may be swamping the signal from the tarnish layer. curiously the areas with the most intense interference colors are not the highest in S (no O present either). i've used low HV as well as high. since this is on museum materials i can't prep a cross section to see what's going on.
so the questions: will a tarnish layer on silver form a wedge of varying thickness around an aperture to the ambient air? and if a wedge forms will the interference colors indicate the local thicknesses accurately? does light play any role in tarnishing (some areas beneath a matte paper look untarnished, while adjacent areas outside the matte look heavily tarnished)? and as for the vanishing S signal...any ideas? is there a better way to probe the tarnish for thickness and composition (like SIMS)?
thx in advance. b-
---------------------------------------------- Brian McIntyre Electron Microscopy Lab- River Campus Univ of Rochester Rochester, NY 14627 716-275-3058/4875
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Listers, I am trying to find a source for heavy copper braid wire to repair some accessories used for metal and carbon evaporation. This is the stiff but flexible wire that would go between the connectors in a high vacuum evaporator and, in this case, the carbon evaporation apparatus. Does anyone have a source in the USA who is likely to sell small quantities? I just need a couple of feet at most.
Thanks, Debby
Debby Sherman Phone: 765-494-6666 Life Science Microscopy Facility FAX: 765-494-5896 Purdue University E-mail: dsherman-at-purdue.edu S-052 Whistler Building West Lafayette, IN 47907
by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) id JAA18989 for dist-Microscopy; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 09:19:56 -0500 (CDT) Received: from njz_spm_filter (sparc5 [206.69.208.10]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with SMTP id JAA18984 for "MicroscopyFilteredEmail1-at-msa.microscopy.com"; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 09:19:26 -0500 (CDT) Received: from mail.mcn.org (pop3.mcn.org [204.189.12.13]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with ESMTP id JAA18975 for {Microscopy-at-sparc5.Microscopy.Com} ; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 09:19:14 -0500 (CDT) Received: from [63.193.12.169] (ha-1o-men-p4-m13.mcn.org [63.193.12.169]) by mail.mcn.org (8.12.5/8.12.5) with ESMTP id g63EEOJK020723; Wed, 3 Jul 2002 07:14:28 -0700 (PDT) X-Sender: schooley-at-mail.mcn.org Message-Id: {v03007800b948b09743f4-at-[63.193.12.100]} Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
We are considering to purchase a Nikon SuperCoolscan 8000. Our TEM negative size is 8.0x9.9 cm and from reading of previous postings on this subject it appears that the film holder needs a bit of modification for TEM negatives to fit in without going through the hassle of trimming them (I am aware that the maximum area that I can scan is about 6.0x9.0, I just want to avoid trimming down hundreds of negatives).
I would really appreciate it if colleagues who have tried it (modifying the holder) successfully could please share their experience with me. I have only seen the 120/220 film holder and it did not seem to be very easy to modify.
Regards majid
..................................................... Majid Ghoddusi, DVM PhD Senior Microscopist Muscle Development Unit Children's Medical Research Institute locked Bag 23 Wentworthville NSW 2145 Australia http://www.cmri.com.au ........................................................
We are considering to purchase a Nikon SuperCoolscan 8000. Our TEM negative size is 8.0x9.9 cm and from reading of previous postings on this subject it appears that the film holder needs a bit of modification for TEM negatives to fit in without going through the hassle of trimming them (I am aware that the maximum area that I can scan is about 6.0x9.0, I just want to avoid trimming down hundreds of negatives).
I would really appreciate it if colleagues who have tried it (modifying the holder) successfully could please share their experience with me. I have only seen the 120/220 film holder and it did not seem to be very easy to modify.
Regards majid
.................................................... Majid Ghoddusi, DVM PhD Senior Microscopist Muscle Development Unit Children's Medical Research Institute locked Bag 23 Wentworthville NSW 2145 Australia http://www.cmri.com.au .......................................................
Try any electronics store, this kind of material is commonly used for attaching earth grounds, buss bars and the like. It also is used as a solder removal aid, or wick. (In the latter case, it is held against a connection that is to be de-soldered and heated with a soldering iron. The solder melts and wicks its way into the briad toward the heat, leaving the joint exposed.)
Too thin for your use? Braid three strands together, etc.
John Twilley
Debby Sherman wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Listers, } I am trying to find a source for heavy copper braid wire to repair some accessories used for metal and carbon evaporation. This is the stiff but flexible wire that would go between the connectors in a high vacuum evaporator and, in this case, the carbon evaporation apparatus. Does anyone have a source in the USA who is likely to sell small quantities? I just need a couple of feet at most. } } Thanks, } Debby } } } Debby Sherman Phone: 765-494-6666 } Life Science Microscopy Facility FAX: 765-494-5896 } Purdue University E-mail: dsherman-at-purdue.edu } S-052 Whistler Building } West Lafayette, IN 47907 } } } } }
At 08:45 AM 7/3/2002 -0500, Debby Sherman wrote: } I am trying to find a source for heavy copper braid wire to repair some accessories used for metal and carbon evaporation. This is the stiff but flexible wire that would go between the connectors in a high vacuum evaporator and, in this case, the carbon evaporation apparatus. Does anyone have a source in the USA who is likely to sell small quantities? I just need a couple of feet at most.
Unless you have special requirements for purity, just go to a well-equipped hardware store and ask for "copper grounding wire", a heavy gauge (6?) braid.
If you haven't already done so, I would suggest that you consult the people in the Image Permanence Institute of your own university. There are individuals there, or formerly associated with it, who have done considerable work in this area. Irving Pobboravsky comes to mind as one of the few contemporary practitioners who might be able to provide examples that could be sacrificed.
Just what the image forming structures are in a daguerreotype, and what interferes with their optical effects, continue to be a subject of research. The physical state of the surface has much to do with the scattering of light, and tarnish effects lead to short range redistribution of material in addition to the expected chemical reactions. One might expect to find some silver amalgam present as well.
SIMS certainly would seem to be a valuable option. The material would easily lend itself to ESCA or Auger techniques, as well.
John Twilley Conservation Scientist
Brian McIntyre wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Hi listers- } } i'm looking at some daguerreotypes (early photographs on Ag coated Cu } plates) in the sem to find out about the silver tarnish that forms on the } surfaces. as expected i find sulphur in it, but not in all the areas that } look tarnished. i suspect that since the AgS layer may be thin when } compared to the beam penetration, and that the underlying material is all } Ag (with some Au toning agent) i may be swamping the signal from the } tarnish layer. curiously the areas with the most intense interference } colors are not the highest in S (no O present either). i've used low HV as } well as high. since this is on museum materials i can't prep a cross } section to see what's going on. } } so the questions: will a tarnish layer on silver form a wedge of varying } thickness around an aperture to the ambient air? and if a wedge forms will } the interference colors indicate the local thicknesses accurately? does } light play any role in tarnishing (some areas beneath a matte paper look } untarnished, while adjacent areas outside the matte look heavily } tarnished)? and as for the vanishing S signal...any ideas? is there a } better way to probe the tarnish for thickness and composition (like SIMS)? } } thx in advance. } b- } } } ---------------------------------------------- } Brian McIntyre } Electron Microscopy Lab- River Campus } Univ of Rochester } Rochester, NY 14627 } 716-275-3058/4875 } } }
A significant component of this work could involve microscopy
Dear colleague,
A postdoctoral fellowship is available at the Centre for Visual Sciences, Australian National University. It would be appreciated if you could bring the attached advertisement to the attention of potential candidates.
yours sincerely
Gert Stange
ANUTECH Pty Ltd
and
AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Postdoctoral Fellow in Neurophysiology/Biorobotics
The Centre for Visual Sciences is seeking to fill a position to work on a challenging research project investigating the principles of visual flight control in insects. The research project, funded by a major aerospace organization, aims at identifying the spatial transfer characteristics of the optics and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the neuronal circuitry associated with the simple eyes (ocelli) of dragonflies. The successful applicant will apply optical, neuroanatomical, electrophysiological and behavioural techniques, with specific attention to object/motion detection mechanisms in the ocellar system and their integration with neuronal flight control circuitry. The biological results will be applied to the development of concepts for novel attitude control systems capable of being implemented in ultra-light hardware for application to micro-unmanned aerial vehicles.
Salary range will be $A 45,000 to $A 55,000. The position is for 1 year initially, with prospects for extension for a further 2 years subject to satisfactory performance and availability of project funding. Enquiries should be directed to Dr. Gert Stange, ph +61 2 6125 5089, email gert.stange-at-anu.edu.au. The selection criteria and duty statement can be obtained from or from Beverley Cooper, ph +61 2 6125 5865, email .
Applications close on Friday 17 August, 2002.
Applications, including the names and contact details of 3 referees, should be sent to Ms. Beverley Cooper, ANUTECH Pty Ltd., GPO Box 4, Canberra ACT 2601, fax +61 2 6257 1433.
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Thanks for all the replies regarding sources for copper braid. Most of the braid is tinned on the outside and can be either flat or round. A few of the responses are below.
1) If you disassemble co-axial cable you will find some copper braid wire within. Just remove this, attach crimp-on ends and you ae all set.
2) some local hardware stores corry it as it is used for grounding wire. It also is occasionally used to "wick" solder away from joins.
3) Newark Electronics sells what you want but you might have to buy 50-100 feet at about $30-$100. In Newark catalog 119, Beldon's braid is on page 1175 and Alpha's is on page 1239. Alpha calls theirs "tinned copper flat braid". My Beldon braid # 8660 carried 14.5 amps and had a cross section of about 3800 circular mils.
6) Ham radio folks often use braided wire as grounding wire.
7) This wire is often used in Physiology experiments where "noise" is often a problem. You might find it in a shop that repairs this equipment on your campus.
8) Try commercial dealers who sell High Vacuum equipment. They might be willing to sell some of the braid.
Debby
Debby Sherman Phone: 765-494-6666 Life Science Microscopy Facility FAX: 765-494-5896 Purdue University E-mail: dsherman-at-purdue.edu S-052 Whistler Building West Lafayette, IN 47907
by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) id JAA23882 for dist-Microscopy; Thu, 4 Jul 2002 09:57:11 -0500 (CDT) Received: from njz_spm_filter (sparc5 [206.69.208.10]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with SMTP id JAA23879 for "MicroscopyFilteredEmail1-at-msa.microscopy.com"; Thu, 4 Jul 2002 09:56:40 -0500 (CDT) Received: from crdsf1.arcride.edu.ar (crdsf1.arcride.edu.ar [200.9.237.3]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with SMTP id JAA23872 for {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} ; Thu, 4 Jul 2002 09:56:28 -0500 (CDT) Received: from arcride.edu.ar by crdsf1.arcride.edu.ar id aa17645; 4 Jul 2002 11:54 EST Message-ID: {BasiliX-1.1.0-10257937973d245f05e7d34-at-wwwmail.ceride.gov.ar} X-Mailer: BasiliX 1.1.0 X-SenderIP: 200.9.237.5
Hello all, Please inform if theres someone who knows about the internal electronics of the detecting unit of a x-ray fluorescence which characteristics are:
EDAX PV9740/05
MODEL PV9500 165-17
ACTIVE AREA 10 MM2
AMPLIFIER MODEL 183 A
The problem is that some LED or PHOTODIODE of said detector burnt out. The detector is a vacuum packed unit and this diagnostic is the result of measurements on the detector connection pins guided by an electric circuit scheme.
If someone can give me advice, please contact me,
Tic. Ppal Elbio Martmnez CERIDE - CONICET G|emes 3450 3000 - Santa Fe Argentina email: edmarti-at-ceride.gov.ar
Hello all, Please inform if theres someone who knows about the internal electronics of the detecting unit of a x-ray fluorescence which characteristics are:
EDAX PV9740/05
MODEL PV9500 165-17
ACTIVE AREA 10 MM2
AMPLIFIER MODEL 183 A
The problem is that some LED or PHOTODIODE of said detector burnt out. The detector is a vacuum packed unit and this diagnostic is the result of measurements on the detector connection pins guided by an electric circuit scheme.
If someone can give me advice, please contact me,
Tic. Ppal Elbio Martmnez CERIDE - CONICET G|emes 3450 3000 - Santa Fe Argentina email: edmarti-at-ceride.gov.ar
Hello all, Please inform if there's someone who knows about the internal electronics of the detecting unit of a x-ray fluorescence which characteristics are:
EDAX PV9740/05
MODEL PV9500 165-17
ACTIVE AREA 10 MM2
AMPLIFIER MODEL 183 A
The problem is that some LED or PHOTODIODE of said detector burnt out. The detector is a vacuum packed unit and this diagnostic is the result of measurements on the detector connection pins guided by an electric circuit scheme.
If someone can give me advice, please contact me,
Tic. Ppal Elbio Martmnez CERIDE - CONICET G|emes 3450 3000 - Santa Fe Argentina email: edmarti-at-ceride.gov.ar
Hello All, I'm looking for the original article of Abrikosov( in russian or in english) in which he introduces the Type-II superconductor. I can't find it on the internet. Does anybody have the text or know where to look for it? Reference: A.A. Abrikosov, Zh. Eksperim. i Teor. Fiz. 32, 1442 (1957) [Sov. Phys. -- JETP 5, 1174 (1957)]
Thanks R. Almeida
************************************ Rogerio Lucio de Almeida
Does anyone have or know where I can buy a Leaf Lumina or MicroLumina camera. I understand the limitations of the technology, but for the price I am hard pressed to find a camera of equal resolution/dynamic range. Unless any one you have suggestions?
Thank you. Ken
-- Ken Tiekotter, Adjunct Professor The University of Portland Department of Biology 5000 N. Willamette Blvd. Portland, OR 97203
I guess you've already approached your friendly local Philips/EDAX agent?
I may be wrong, but I've always thought that the manufacturer is in a far better position to service these things than is anyone else.
Any interesting opinions out there?
cheers
rtch
} Date: Thu, 04 Jul 2002 11:43:17 ART } From: elbio martinez {edmarti-at-ceride.gov.ar} } Reply-to: edmarti-at-ceride.gov.ar } Subject: XRF Detector Unit PV9500 } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
} -------------------------------------------------------------------- } ---- The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society } of America To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -------------------------------------------------------------------- } ---. } } } Hello all, } Please inform if theres someone who knows about the internal } electronics of the detecting unit of a x-ray fluorescence which } characteristics are: } } EDAX PV9740/05 } } MODEL PV9500 165-17 } } ACTIVE AREA 10 MM2 } } AMPLIFIER MODEL 183 A } } The problem is that some LED or PHOTODIODE of said detector burnt } out. The detector is a vacuum packed unit and this diagnostic is the } result of measurements on the detector connection pins guided by an } electric circuit scheme. } } If someone can give me advice, please contact me, } } } } Tic. Ppal Elbio Martmnez } CERIDE - CONICET } G|emes 3450 } 3000 - Santa Fe } Argentina } email: edmarti-at-ceride.gov.ar } Ritchie Sims Phone : 64 9 3737599 ext 7713 Department of Geology Fax : 64 9 3737435 The University of Auckland email : r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
One would like to think so, but we're often disappointed in life.
I don't have the schematics on that particular unit, but the manufacturer would. Whether they would want to share that or not is another question. The item in question is probably used to reset the detector. Normally, the components within the vacuum would be only the detector diode and the FET used as a preamplifier, the remaining preamplifier parts are usually outside of the vacuum in a small metal box attached to the detector. However, even if they are inside the vacuum of the dewar cold finger assembly, that can be opened, repaired and re-pumped - if you have the right vacuum fitting. Again, the manufacturer could supply you with that, if they so desire.
The problem with manufacturers is often three fold - they often have difficulty holding on to good techs, their self-interest is often to sell you the latest system and they often see others working on their instruments (even needy customers) as cutting into their profits. A lot of oftens that occasionally add up to what is often seen as poor customer service.
Individuals will generally remain loyal to a manufacturer as long as they are able to meet that person's needs. If you've had a good result there, consider yourself lucky. At any particular time, there is at least one manufacturer that can actually provide good service with a view of their customer's needs. Unfortunately, none has ever kept that up for more than a few years. A customer's best friend is a good, local, service tech who stays with the manufacturer for a long time. Someone who has a talent for the work, good knowledge of the instruments, experience in working on them and the manufacturer's backing for parts and information, is a great asset.
I'm most aquainted with SEMS. Twenty years ago, ETEC, after being a market leader for many years, decided to get out of the business. Within the last couple of years, we've seen that again with Amray. Those are two extremes that used one business as a stepping stone to another. But in the ensuing years, every manufacturer out there has enjoyed periods of high sales, good customer relations, eroding sales, shifts in thoughts of service as a profit center rather than a vital part of design engineering and marketing leading to increases in turn-over rate and reduced knowledge and experience on the part of their service engineers.
In XRF, HNU comes to mind as an extreme of the first kind. Every other manufacturer as examples of the latter.
In many ways, it is a matter of the life cycle experienced by all businesses. This natural life cycle has recently become a factor in thought processes on business and the stock market. It is true across the board, no matter what sector a business is in. It is the reason every business has to be constantly re-inventing itself.
Now, Ritchie, to the heart of the matter, at least in a market the size of America. We have here technicians with decades of experience in such instrumentation. Many of them (I try to keep track of them as referrals) have gone into business for themselves. This is generally a desire to continue the work they love, without interference from corporations whose mergers, acquisitions and buy-outs continually dilute and obfuscate the customer's needs.
I am happy to here state that I am one of those who left that melee over twenty years ago. I have never really advertised my services, but have survived in business on word of mouth and benign exposure on the internet. In every case, my customers have sought me out. There is only one possible reason for that - the manufacturer has not provided the value that the customer expects. Frankly, there is no one more knowledgeable on what manufacturers are doing wrong, but not one has come to ask me what I would so willingly tell them.
I do make my share of mistakes, but I have more experience on more different systems from more manufacturers than just about anyone out there. But that breadth of experience, itself, brings real life practical knowledge that no manufacturer's tech can equal with his or hers limited experience and knowledge.
I've tooted my own horn enough, but actually, I've been tooting the horn of other independents out there. When you need us, it's good to know we're there. When you don't, you should be glad that there are others who do, because, in our own small way, we keep the manufacturer's feet on the ground. I could tell you some real horror stories of what manufacturers have pulled when they think that they have no competition, but I'll save that for another day.
Allen R. Sampson Advanced Research Systems 317 North 4th. Street St. Charles, Illinois 60174
On Friday, July 05, 2002 4:45 AM, Ritchie Sims [SMTP:r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz] wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } I guess you've already approached your friendly local Philips/EDAX } agent? } } I may be wrong, but I've always thought that the manufacturer is in a } far better position to service these things than is anyone else. } } Any interesting opinions out there? } } cheers } } rtch } } } } } } } } Date: Thu, 04 Jul 2002 11:43:17 ART } } From: elbio martinez {edmarti-at-ceride.gov.ar} } } Reply-to: edmarti-at-ceride.gov.ar } } Subject: XRF Detector Unit PV9500 } } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } } } -------------------------------------------------------------------- } } ---- The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society } } of America To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com On-Line Help } } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -------------------------------------------------------------------- } } ---. } } } } } } Hello all, } } Please inform if theres someone who knows about the internal } } electronics of the detecting unit of a x-ray fluorescence which } } characteristics are: } } } } EDAX PV9740/05 } } } } MODEL PV9500 165-17 } } } } ACTIVE AREA 10 MM2 } } } } AMPLIFIER MODEL 183 A } } } } The problem is that some LED or PHOTODIODE of said detector burnt } } out. The detector is a vacuum packed unit and this diagnostic is the } } result of measurements on the detector connection pins guided by an } } electric circuit scheme. } } } } If someone can give me advice, please contact me, } } } } } } } } Tic. Ppal Elbio Martmnez } } CERIDE - CONICET } } G|emes 3450 } } 3000 - Santa Fe } } Argentina } } email: edmarti-at-ceride.gov.ar } } } Ritchie Sims Phone : 64 9 3737599 ext 7713 } Department of Geology Fax : 64 9 3737435 } The University of Auckland email : r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz } Private Bag 92019 } Auckland } New Zealand } } }
Does anyone of you have some experience you want to share about the Zeiss AxioCam HR? We are planning to buy one, but first I would like to know the positiv and negativ things about it. Thanks in advance,
On Fri, 5 Jul 2002 01:53:31 -0700 Allen Sampson {ars-at-sem.com} wrote: } The problem with manufacturers is often three fold - they often have } difficulty holding on to good techs, their self-interest is often to sell } you the latest system and they often see others working on their } instruments (even needy customers) as cutting into their profits. A lot of } oftens that occasionally add up to what is often seen as poor customer } service. } } Individuals will generally remain loyal to a manufacturer as long as they } are able to meet that person's needs. If you've had a good result there, } consider yourself lucky. At any particular time, there is at least one } manufacturer that can actually provide good service with a view of their } customer's needs. Unfortunately, none has ever kept that up for more than } a few years.
I wish to report that in the 25 years I have worked here we have had continuous good service from a manufacturer.
During that time there have been a series of local engineers most of whom have been replaced as they progressed within the company. I do not feel that we have ever been penalised for carrying out our own service, indeed they have been helpful in supplying components, information and even redundant items from scrapped instruments to keep older instruments running. We have also told them of alternative sources that we have found for their repairs or components.
I accept that the situation may be different in other parts of the world and that the original comments probably refer to the USA but I wish to correct the impression that manufacturers cannot keep up a high standard of service for more than a few years. It is possible.
With any complex piece of equipment there is the possiblilty of problems, the most important thing is for the customer, the supplier and the service organisation to have trust and faith in each other.
It takes hard work from all sides to build up this sort of relationship, but it is worth it.
Ron Disclaimer: I probably buy the engineers as many beers as they buy me so I don't feel under any obligation.
---------------------- Mr. R.C. Doole Department of Materials, University of Oxford. Parks Road, Oxford. OX1 3PH. UK. Phone +44 (0) 1865 273701 Fax +44 (0) 1865 283333 ron.doole-at-materials.ox.ac.uk
Perhaps something about wanting to remain on good terms with a customer with the visibility of Oxford University has something to do with it? A firm named "Widget Tool Alloys" might be perceived somewhat differently by a manufacturer.
Certainly in the U.S. the attitude of many OEMs often becomes "That's a really old model... I'm sure we don't have any documentation on that. Most of our customers have migrated to the _____ platform". While that is probably true in the case of rapidly changing data handling systems, it is less true of other systems. In my experience this has been particularly galling when it comes to mechanical systems (for which nothing short of abuse should cause them to wear out) and for detector electronics where the the nature of the detection process and the signal conditioning requirements remained static for about two decades.
Disclaimer: If Widget Tool Alloys actually exists out there somewhere, my apologies. No disrespect is intended.
John Twilley
Ron Doole wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } On Fri, 5 Jul 2002 01:53:31 -0700 Allen Sampson } {ars-at-sem.com} wrote: } } The problem with manufacturers is often three fold - they often have } } difficulty holding on to good techs, their self-interest is often to sell } } you the latest system and they often see others working on their } } instruments (even needy customers) as cutting into their profits. A lot of } } oftens that occasionally add up to what is often seen as poor customer } } service. } } } } Individuals will generally remain loyal to a manufacturer as long as they } } are able to meet that person's needs. If you've had a good result there, } } consider yourself lucky. At any particular time, there is at least one } } manufacturer that can actually provide good service with a view of their } } customer's needs. Unfortunately, none has ever kept that up for more than } } a few years. } } I wish to report that in the 25 years I have worked here we } have had continuous good service from a manufacturer. } } During that time there have been a series of local } engineers most of whom have been replaced as they } progressed within the company. I do not feel that we have } ever been penalised for carrying out our own service, } indeed they have been helpful in supplying components, } information and even redundant items from scrapped } instruments to keep older instruments running. We have also } told them of alternative sources that we have found for } their repairs or components. } } I accept that the situation may be different in other } parts of the world and that the original comments probably } refer to the USA but I wish to correct the impression that } manufacturers cannot keep up a high standard of service for } more than a few years. It is possible. } } With any complex piece of equipment there is the } possiblilty of problems, the most important thing is for } the customer, the supplier and the service organisation to } have trust and faith in each other. } } It takes hard work from all sides to build up this sort of } relationship, but it is worth it. } } Ron } Disclaimer: I probably buy the engineers as many beers as } they buy me so I don't feel under any obligation. } } ---------------------- } Mr. R.C. Doole } Department of Materials, } University of Oxford. } Parks Road, Oxford. OX1 3PH. UK. } Phone +44 (0) 1865 273701 } Fax +44 (0) 1865 283333 } ron.doole-at-materials.ox.ac.uk
Someone has asked me to do some work for them on mineral specimens. The samples will be mounted in resin and polished and we will then coat with carbon. Obviously we will set our software to deconvolute carbon from the analyses. We have the option to coat samples with either gold or silver and then look at the carbon content. I suppose the questions I would like to have answered are:
(1) Heavy elements like gold or silver will absorb some of the light element (inc. carbon) X-rays when used as coatings. Is there any way of correcting for this to get an accurate quantitative analysis of carbon content?
(2) Is there any way of removing either gold/silver or carbon coatings from such samples except for the obvious method of regrinding/polishing the coating off?
Thanks in advance.
Regards,
Chris Peppiatt
============================================ Dr. Chris Peppiatt (Experimental Officer), The National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, Science & Engineering Technology Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City, Co. Galway, Republic of Ireland. chris.peppiatt-at-nuigalway.ie Phone: +353 91 512157 Fax: +353 91 750596 =============================================
Someone has asked me to do some work for them on mineral specimens. The samples will be mounted in resin and polished and we will then coat with carbon. Obviously we will set our software to deconvolute carbon from the analyses. We have the option to coat samples with either gold or silver and then look at the carbon content. I suppose the questions I would like to have answered are:
(1) Heavy elements like gold or silver will absorb some of the light element (inc. carbon) X-rays when used as coatings. Is there any way of correcting for this to get an accurate quantitative analysis of carbon content?
(2) Is there any way of removing either gold/silver or carbon coatings from such samples except for the obvious method of regrinding/polishing the coating off?
Thanks in advance.
Regards,
Chris Peppiatt
============================================ Dr. Chris Peppiatt (Experimental Officer), The National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, Science & Engineering Technology Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City, Co. Galway, Republic of Ireland. chris.peppiatt-at-nuigalway.ie Phone: +353 91 512157 Fax: +353 91 750596 =============================================
} } Does anyone have or know where I can buy a Leaf Lumina or MicroLumina } camera. I understand the limitations of the technology, but for the price } I am hard pressed to find a camera of equal resolution/dynamic range. } Unless any one you have suggestions? } } Thank you. } Ken } } -- Ken, Check Electron Microscopy Sciences. No financial interest, just a long-time customer. Lee -- Leona Cohen-Gould, M.S. Sr. Staff Associate Director, Electron Microscopy Core Facility Manager, Optical Microscopy Core Facility Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University voice (212)746-6146 fax (212)746-8175
Morning Debby, When I had this problem, I went to Pep Boys [no stock or other relationship] and purchased some stranded copper battery cable. I had to 'trim' off the connectors, but the solution was satisfactory. Another choice is any electric supply store that sells to contractors or a 'Home Depot' [no stock or other relationship], though may be more likely to find stranded Al than Cu there. I have always found stranded Cu at one or the other of these places. Contractor supplies and Home Depot are usually less expensive, because the cable is sold by the foot. Such cable is used in many high wattage situations.
Hope this helps,
Fred Monson
Frederick C. Monson, PhD Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging Schmucker II Science Center West Chester University South Church Street and Rosedale West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 Phone: 610-738-0437 FAX: 610-738-0437 fmonson-at-wcupa.edu CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/
} ---------- } From: Debby Sherman } Reply To: Debby Sherman } Sent: Wednesday, July 3, 2002 9:45 AM } To: message to: MSA list } Subject: copper braid } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Listers, } I am trying to find a source for heavy copper braid wire to repair some } accessories used for metal and carbon evaporation. This is the stiff but } flexible wire that would go between the connectors in a high vacuum } evaporator and, in this case, the carbon evaporation apparatus. Does } anyone have a source in the USA who is likely to sell small quantities? I } just need a couple of feet at most. } } Thanks, } Debby } } } Debby Sherman Phone: 765-494-6666 } Life Science Microscopy Facility FAX: 765-494-5896 } } Purdue University E-mail: dsherman-at-purdue.edu } } S-052 Whistler Building } West Lafayette, IN 47907 } } } }
I would be quite cautious in trying to directly measure carbon. We have wanted to for years, but I tell clients not to expect much.
We can easily see carbon in carbonate minerals. I just do not try to quantitate it directly. (The times I tried, I got very doubtful numbers. I would like my results to be consistent within 50% relative error.) If you are looking for carbon in lesser amounts, I am doubtful that it would work.
You are aware that the carbon is strongly absorbed by most other elements. I understand that it is a big part of the problem. Even if you can get a good carbon signal above background, you still have to deal with uncertainty in the absorption coefficients.
There would also be problems if any of your resin smears over.
Maybe you can tell us a bit more what you would like to measure and we can provide more information.
I recall a discussion a couple of months back about removing Au and Ag by means other that polishing. It should be in the list archives.
Warren
At 11:57 AM 7/8/02 +0100, you wrote: } Dear All, } } Someone has asked me to do some work for them on mineral specimens. The } samples will be mounted in resin and polished and we will then coat with } carbon. Obviously we will set our software to deconvolute carbon from the } analyses. We have the option to coat samples with either gold or silver } and then look at the carbon content. I suppose the questions I would like } to have answered are: } } (1) Heavy elements like gold or silver will absorb some of the light } element (inc. carbon) X-rays when used as coatings. Is there any way of } correcting for this to get an accurate quantitative analysis of carbon content? } } (2) Is there any way of removing either gold/silver or carbon coatings } from such samples except for the obvious method of regrinding/polishing } the coating off? } } Thanks in advance. } } Regards, } } Chris Peppiatt
------------------------------------------- No files should be attached to this message ------------------------------------------- Warren E. Straszheim, Ph.D. Materials Analysis and Research Lab Iowa State University 23 Town Engineering Ames IA, 50011-3232
Listers: If any of you have experience with a major retrofit to an ElectroScan E-3 ESEM for fully automated control (stage, gas pressure, imaging, EDS, etc.), I would like to have your thoughts - both good news and bad. Thanks, Bill
William A. Heeschen, Ph.D. Microscopy, Digital Imaging The Dow Chemical Company Midland, Mi 48667 waheeschen-at-dow.com
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Upon some serious cleaning we have discovered three LKB glass knife makers that we do not need to keep. We have one Model 7800 and two Model 7801 Type As that are in good working order. If you are interested please reply to me off line with an offer. Tom
Thomas Moninger (thomas-moninger-at-uiowa.edu) University of Iowa Central Microscopy Research Facility (www.uiowa.edu/~cemrf) View expressed are my own.
Upon some serious cleaning we have discovered three LKB glass knife makers that we do not need to keep. We have one Model 7800 and two Model 7801 Type As that are in good working order. If you are interested please reply to me off-line with an offer. Tom
Thomas Moninger (thomas-moninger-at-uiowa.edu) University of Iowa Central Microscopy Research Facility (www.uiowa.edu/~cemrf) View expressed are my own.
I am forwarding this as information about a volume that serves as a 'limited access' ramp to the pre-1950's protocols and literature on staining and microtechnique. The price I have been given for one is $84.50+. The other relevant information is below in the remainder of the thread.
The last of Peter Gray is on the horizon. He has lasted longer than most. This book has been discussed on the Histopathology Net List recently. You can search at: http://www.histosearch.com/histonet.html
I have no business relationship with Krieger.
Regards,
Fred Monson
} ---------- } From: Krieger } Sent: Monday, July 8, 2002 6:06 PM } To: Monson, Frederick C. } Subject: Re: Gray, Microtomist's Formulary and Guide } } Dear Dr. Monson: } We are selling the remaining stock we have. At the present time we have } approximately 113 copies available. If you are interested in purchasing } large quantities (over 50 copies) we can offer you special discounts. } Sincerely, } Cheryl Stanton } Krieger Publishing Company } P.O. Box 9542 } Melbourne, FL 32902-9542 } Tel: (321) 724-9542 } Fax: (321-951-3671 } 1-800-724-0025 } E-mail: info-at-krieger-publishing } www.krieger-publishing.com } } -----Original Message----- } From: Monson, Frederick C. {fmonson-at-wcupa.edu} } To: 'Krieger' {info-at-krieger-publishing.com} } Date: July 08, 2002 1:52 PM } Subject: RE: Gray, Microtomist's Formulary and Guide } } } } Hi Cheryl, } } I know that you are modifying your web site, but when I called up } } your list of books, this one was NOT included. If I am to recommend the } } book, I must know its current disposition. For example, do you consider } it } } a current, and future, publication? Are you simply selling off the last } of } } the last run? } } } } Thanks, } } } } Fred Monson } } } } } ---------- } } } From: Krieger } } } Sent: Monday, July 8, 2002 11:47 AM } } } To: Monson, Frederick C. } } } Subject: Re: Gray, Microtomist's Formulary and Guide } } } } } } Dear Dr. Monson: } } } } } } Please be advised this book is available at a list price of $84.50 } plus } } } $5.00 for shipping via Ground UPS. Please advise if you require } further } } } information. } } } } } } Sincerely, } } } Cheryl Stanton } } } Krieger Publishing Company } } } P.O. Box 9542 } } } Melbourne, FL 32902-9542 } } } Tel: (321) 724-9542 } } } Fax: (321-951-3671 } } } 1-800-724-0025 } } } E-mail: info-at-krieger-publishing } } } www.krieger-publishing.com } } } } } } -----Original Message----- } } } From: Monson, Frederick C. {fmonson-at-wcupa.edu} } } } To: 'info-at-krieger-publishing.com' {info-at-krieger-publishing.com} } } } Date: July 08, 2002 11:35 AM } } } Subject: Gray, Microtomist's Formulary and Guide } } } } } } } } } } Is this one now out of print for good? } } } } } } } } Thanks for help, } } } } } } } } Frederick C. Monson, PhD } } } } Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging } } } } Schmucker II Science Center } } } } West Chester University } } } } South Church Street and Rosedale } } } } West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 } } } } Phone: 610-738-0437 } } } } FAX: 610-738-0437 } } } } fmonson-at-wcupa.edu } } } } CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ } } } } WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ } } } } Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/ } } } } } } } }
Dear All, Here is the problem we had. we are trying to localize the metals(Zn and Cd) within the planttissues (Barley). Prior work has shown that if you fix the tissue in FAA or gluteraldehyde-type fixes and continue with dehydration steps, the metals leach or diffuse out of the plant into the fix or dehydrating agent.Metal localization has mostly been done using cryofixation and with a cryostage. As the cryostage is not avilable at our EM Center. We fixed the samples conventionally (gluteraldehyde, ethanol dehydration)and cryofractured in liquid N and subjected them to EDS system, but it could barely pick up the metal in the tissue. but the analytical studies (ICP) showed theres enough metal accumulation. some of the alternatives we are thinking is- Treating the tissue samples with chemicals to precipitate the metals and continue with conventional procedures with minimum dehydration and fixation steps. Do any of you know of stains for metals (Zn& Cd) that would allow us to stain the cryosections specifically for metals and view them by LM? Or do you have any better or alternative suggestions? We would appreciate any input and suggestions you may have. thanks in advance B.B.M.Sridhar Graduate Research Assistant Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory (DIAL) & Department of Forest Products Mississippi State University Starkville, MS -39759 Phone(office)- 662-325-9044
Dear All, Here is the problem we had. we are trying to localize the metals(Zn and Cd) within the planttissues (Barley). Prior work has shown that if you fix the tissue in FAA or gluteraldehyde-type fixes and continue with dehydration steps, the metals leach or diffuse out of the plant into the fix or dehydrating agent.Metal localization has mostly been done using cryofixation and with a cryostage. As the cryostage is not avilable at our EM Center. We fixed the samples conventionally (gluteraldehyde, ethanol dehydration)and cryofractured in liquid N and subjected them to EDS system, but it could barely pick up the metal in the tissue. but the analytical studies (ICP) showed theres enough metal accumulation. some of the alternatives we are thinking is- Treating the tissue samples with chemicals to precipitate the metals and continue with conventional procedures with minimum dehydration and fixation steps. Do any of you know of stains for metals (Zn& Cd) that would allow us to stain the cryosections specifically for metals and view them by LM? Or do you have any better or alternative suggestions? We would appreciate any input and suggestions you may have. thanks in advance B.B.M.Sridhar Graduate Research Assistant Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory (DIAL) & Department of Forest Products Mississippi State University Starkville, MS -39759 Phone(office)- 662-325-9044
I recall that over the past couple of years several people have inquired about ways to control the growth of algae in recirculating cooling water systems.
I just received a catalog from an outfit called Home Improvements that lists a device called 'Power Clear' for controlling algal growth in garden pools and ponds. It is essentially a 15 x 5 x 5" chamber with hose connections at each end. When the circulator's hose is connected to it the circulating water flows over a quartz-sleeved ultra violet bulb, which is said to kill parasites, mold spores, bacteria and fungi in the water.
It sounds as though this would be very suitable to use in water recirculators for electron microscopes and related instruments. The cost is only about $130, with replacement bulbs priced at $30. Check www.ImprovementsCatalog.com, or call 1-800-642-2112.
-- Wilbur C. Bigelow, Prof. Emeritus Materials Sci. & Engr., University of Michigan 3062 Dow Bldg.; 2300 Hayward St. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136 e-mail: bigelow-at-umich.edu; Fx:734-763-4788; Ph:734-662-5237
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (brandon.k.rice-at-uwrf.edu) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Monday, July 8, 2002 at 11:20:50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question: I am using a .50 NA objective and three lenses to image 1.6 micron silica spheres onto a camera. The focal lengths of the three lenses after the objective are 125mm, 38.1mm, and 90mm respectively. I am utilizing Kohler illumination to illuminate the sample. The image of the spheres appear very stretched out in the vertical direction; the spheres look more like ellipses. I have attempted to realign the objective and lenses over and over, but this does not seem to affect the image. What do you recommend I try to make the spheres look spherical?
My colleague asks: Is it true or is a hoax that there is a software which makes it possible to get focussed light microscopy images from pairs of under- and overfocussed micrographs? If it si true, what is the name of the software and where is it available? Thank you. M. Kalab
on 7/9/02 11:34 AM, Maruthi Sridhar Balaji Bhaskar at sb183-at-Ra.MsState.Edu wrote:
} Here is the problem we had. we are trying to localize the metals(Zn } and Cd) within the planttissues (Barley). Prior work has shown that if you } fix } the tissue in FAA or gluteraldehyde-type fixes and continue with dehydration } steps, the metals leach or diffuse out of the plant into the fix or } dehydrating } agent.Metal localization has mostly been done using cryofixation and with a } cryostage. As the cryostage is not avilable at our EM Center. We fixed the } samples conventionally (gluteraldehyde, ethanol dehydration)and cryofractured } in liquid N and subjected them to EDS system, but it could barely pick up the } metal in the tissue. but the analytical studies (ICP) showed theres enough } metal accumulation. } some of the alternatives we are thinking is- } Treating the tissue samples with chemicals to precipitate the metals and } continue with conventional procedures with minimum dehydration and fixation } steps. } Do any of you know of stains for metals (Zn& Cd) that would allow us to stain } the cryosections specifically for metals and view them by LM? Or do you have } any better or alternative suggestions? } We would appreciate any input and suggestions you may have. } thanks in advance Dear Maruthi, Can you cryo-fix, then lyophylize at low temperatures (-90 C)? This should retain the metals, but much of the structure will be hard to visualize. If you can recognize the structures where the metals appear, you can get a rough idea of the location of the metals, then try other techniques to pin down the metals to better resolution if needed. Good luck. Yours, Bill Tivol
Has anybody out there experience with using chicken ab´s as primary ab´s for immunogold labeling? Do they have disatvantages compared with rabbit, mouse ab´s. I can remember that a couple of years ago there was the word that the available anti-chicken-gold-conjugates are not as "good" as anti-rabbit- or mouse-gold-conjugates.
Thanks for your help,
Stefan
°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° Stefan Geimer MCDB Dept. Yale University P.O. Box 208103 New Haven, CT 06520-8103 U.S.A.
The recirculating cooling water systems problem that we have the most problem trying to get a handle on is controlling the pH of the cooling water to prevent corrosion. Since the end of the good old days when we were allowed to use Sodium Chromate and Sodium Bicarbonate we have not yet found a satisfactory replacement.
Satisfactory includes; effectiveness at pH control, life time before depletion, safe handling and disposal, cost, availablility.
Trying to get good advice also seems to like the proverbial hens teeth.
Anyone out there come up with any good products recently.
Allan
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
-- ------------------------------------------------- Allan Mitchell Technical Manager Otago Centre for Electron Microscopy C/-Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology School of Medical Sciences P.O. Box 913 Dunedin New Zealand
The recirculating cooling water systems problem that we have the most problem trying to get a handle on is controlling the pH of the cooling water to prevent corrosion. Since the end of the good old days when we were allowed to use Sodium Chromate and Sodium Bicarbonate we have not yet found a satisfactory replacement.
Satisfactory includes; effectiveness at pH control, life time before depletion, safe handling and disposal, cost, availablility.
Trying to get good advice also seems to like the proverbial hens teeth.
Anyone out there come up with any good products recently.
Allan
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
-- ------------------------------------------------- Allan Mitchell Technical Manager Otago Centre for Electron Microscopy C/-Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology School of Medical Sciences P.O. Box 913 Dunedin New Zealand
Has anybody out there experience with using chicken ab´s as primary ab´s
for immunogold labeling? Do they have disatvantages compared with rabbit, mouse ab´s. I can remember that a couple of years ago there was the word that the available anti-chicken-gold-conjugates are not as "good" as anti-rabbit- or anti-mouse-gold-conjugates.
Thanks for your help,
Stefan
°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° Stefan Geimer c/o Rosenbaum Lab. MCDB Dept. Yale University P.O. Box 208103 New Haven, CT 06520-8103 U.S.A.
I have the following problem: I am observing Epon sections, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate in an Philips EM 201. The sections show a really severe contamination with electron dense grains. These grains are always associated with embedded structures (membranes, microtubules etc.).The problem started after I changed the cathode. The contamination looks kinda like lead-stain granularity and I think it has something to do with the lead. A section stained with uranyl acetate only looks fine (but I need the lead to get enough stain). The crazy thing is that I don´t have the problem when I use our other scope, a Zeiss EM 10. So if I take one of my sections and have a look at it in the Zeiss EM 10, everything is perfect. The same section observed in the Philips EM 201 shows this contamination with electron dense grains. Both scopes operated at comparable conditions (80 kv, cold trap etc.). So the contamination seems to be lead citrate and scope dependend. Anybody ever had that problem and might have an idea how to solve it?
Stefan
°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° Stefan Geimer MCDB Dept. Yale University P.O. Box 208103 New Haven, CT 06520-8103 U.S.A.
Does anyone know of US sources for the Sony UD-890 and UD-895CE video printers? I'd like to see if they would interface to NTSC 640x480 composite video.
} Date: Tue, 09 Jul 2002 16:12:38 -0400 } From: Wil Bigelow {bigelow-at-engin.umich.edu} } Subject: Stop algae growth } X-Sender: bigelow-at-srvr5.engin.umich.edu } To: Microscopy Listserver {microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
-- Dr. Lawrence F. Allard Distinguished Research Staff Member High Temperature Materials Laboratory Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Road Bldg. 4515, MS 6064 PO Box 2008 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6064
I've noticed a rash of double posting lately. If you are getting an error message on your posting please contact me. Do not simply try posting a second time.
Nestor Your Friendly Neighborhood SysOp -- Nestor J. Zaluzec Argonne National Lab Materials Science Division.
We looked into the use of UV sterilization (both those that generate ozone and those that do not) for purposes of reducing or eliminating algae growth in fountains containing artworks that are susceptible to staining or corrosion by some of the chemical agents typically used for the same purpose. I've also had to deal with the problem in closed recirculating cooling systems. The problem is that the effects of UV are limited to the flow-through cell and algae can still colonize the walls of the rest of the system. When bits of the biofilm come off, they can block filter screens and or the aperture that typically lies behind the anode of a fine-focus X-ray tube. It doesn't matter that the debris got sterilized on its trip through the UV lamp housing.
My experience with closed systems has been best when using only reverse osmosis purified water with a very small amount of biocide. If there is no source of minerals, the growth is retarded and cleaning may be limited to three or four year intervals. Often, the nylon mesh of the intake filter was the limiting factor, beginning to embrittle and give way, thereby introducing its own problems.
John Twilley
Wil Bigelow wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } I recall that over the past couple of years several people have } inquired about ways to control the growth of algae in recirculating } cooling water systems. } } I just received a catalog from an outfit called Home Improvements } that lists a device called 'Power Clear' for controlling algal growth } in garden pools and ponds. It is essentially a 15 x 5 x 5" chamber } with hose connections at each end. When the circulator's hose is } connected to it the circulating water flows over a quartz-sleeved } ultra violet bulb, which is said to kill parasites, mold spores, } bacteria and fungi in the water. } } It sounds as though this would be very suitable to use in water } recirculators for electron microscopes and related instruments. The } cost is only about $130, with replacement bulbs priced at $30. Check } www.ImprovementsCatalog.com, or call 1-800-642-2112. } } -- } Wilbur C. Bigelow, Prof. Emeritus } Materials Sci. & Engr., University of Michigan } 3062 Dow Bldg.; 2300 Hayward St. } Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136 e-mail: bigelow-at-umich.edu; } Fx:734-763-4788; Ph:734-662-5237
Quantitative analysis of Carbon by EDX is nearly impossible because of the very shallow penetration depth of the Carbon X-rays. You really just measure the surface. Surface analysis techniques such as XPS and Auger also show that thin carbon films love to form on surfaces. If you have an XPS you use your ion gun to sputter off the carbon surface scum to see the real surface.
Dry ashing in a plasma cleaner can also remove the carbon surface layer. Sputter etching can be used to remove gold and silver coatings.
Ron Vane XEI Scientific 3124 Wessex Way, Redwood City, CA 94061 650-369-0133 www.SEMCLEAN.com
Note: XEI Scientific makes the EVACTRON plasma cleaning system for Electron Microscope Chambers and FIBs, but does not make desk top plasma dry ashers or sputter etchers.
-----Original Message----- } From: Chris Peppiatt {chris.peppiatt-at-nuigalway.ie} To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com}
In the same idee, what about mesurements on boron carbide ? Carbon AND boron concentrations ! I see nice spectras, without anything else ( a bit O, some times Al and N). And I have variations between samples in the B/C ratio. In such a case can I mesure only ratio variation, or is it possible to try some quantification (with standards). The sample is bulk B4C and laser ablation thick layers (with dropplets). Primary energy 3 to 5 keV.
I think it's a bit pretentious to quantify. What is other's opinion ?
J. Faerber IPCMS-GSI (Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Groupe Surface et Interfaces) 23, rue de Loess 67037 Strasbourg CEDEX France
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Dear Chris and all: } } Quantitative analysis of Carbon by EDX is nearly impossible because of the } very shallow penetration depth of the Carbon X-rays. You really just measure } the surface. Surface analysis techniques such as XPS and Auger also show } that thin carbon films love to form on surfaces. If you have an XPS you use } your ion gun to sputter off the carbon surface scum to see the real surface. } } Dry ashing in a plasma cleaner can also remove the carbon surface layer. } Sputter etching can be used to remove gold and silver coatings. } } Ron Vane } XEI Scientific } 3124 Wessex Way, Redwood City, CA 94061 } 650-369-0133 } www.SEMCLEAN.com } } Note: XEI Scientific makes the EVACTRON plasma cleaning system for Electron } Microscope Chambers and FIBs, but does not make desk top plasma dry ashers } or sputter etchers. } } -----Original Message----- } } From: Chris Peppiatt {chris.peppiatt-at-nuigalway.ie} } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} } Date: Monday, July 08, 2002 3:22 PM } Subject: Carbon Quantitation by EDX } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } Dear All, } } } } Someone has asked me to do some work for them on mineral specimens. The } } samples will be mounted in resin and polished and we will then coat with } } carbon. Obviously we will set our software to deconvolute carbon from the } } analyses. We have the option to coat samples with either gold or silver and } } then look at the carbon content. I suppose the questions I would like to } } have answered are: } } } } (1) Heavy elements like gold or silver will absorb some of the light } } element (inc. carbon) X-rays when used as coatings. Is there any way of } } correcting for this to get an accurate quantitative analysis of carbon } content? } } } } (2) Is there any way of removing either gold/silver or carbon coatings from } } such samples except for the obvious method of regrinding/polishing the } } coating off? } } } } Thanks in advance. } } } } Regards, } } } } Chris Peppiatt } } } } } } ============================================ } } Dr. Chris Peppiatt (Experimental Officer), } } The National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, } } Science & Engineering Technology Building, } } National University of Ireland Galway, } } Galway City, Co. Galway, } } Republic of Ireland. } } chris.peppiatt-at-nuigalway.ie } } Phone: +353 91 512157 Fax: +353 91 750596 } } ============================================= } } } } } } } }
When you take a "contaminated" section from the Philips does it then look OK in the Zeiss?
Dave
On Tue, 09 Jul 2002 20:04:58 +0200 Stefan Geimer {stefan.geimer-at-yale.edu} wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } I have the following problem: } I am observing Epon sections, stained with uranyl acetate and lead } citrate in an Philips EM 201. The sections show a really severe } contamination with electron dense grains. These grains are always } associated with embedded structures (membranes, microtubules etc.).The } problem started after I changed the cathode. The contamination looks } kinda like lead-stain granularity and I think it has something to do } with the lead. A section stained with uranyl acetate only looks fine } (but I need the lead to get enough stain). } The crazy thing is that I don´t have the problem when I use our other } scope, a Zeiss EM 10. So if I take one of my sections and have a look at } it in the Zeiss EM 10, everything is perfect. The same section observed } in the Philips EM 201 shows this contamination with electron dense } grains. Both scopes operated at comparable conditions (80 kv, cold trap } etc.). So the contamination seems to be lead citrate and scope } dependend. } Anybody ever had that problem and might have an idea how to solve it? } } Stefan } } } } °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° } Stefan Geimer } MCDB Dept. } Yale University } P.O. Box 208103 } New Haven, CT 06520-8103 } U.S.A. } } Tel.: 203/432-3473 } Fax.: 203/432-6210 } } e-mail: stefan.geimer-at-yale.edu } °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° } } }
---------------------------------------- Patton, David Email: David.Patton-at-uwe.ac.uk "University of the West of England"
Dobry den, Milosi, metoda se jmenuje "deconvolution" a je k mani v cele rade image analysis softwares. Napr. Northern Eclipse od Empix Imaging a mnohe dalsi. Jak je v Ottawe? Jeste pisete pro Neviditelneho Psa? Uz ho nectu, protoze na to naveseli tolik reklam, ze to muj staricky pocitac nezvlada. Mnoho pozdravu, Sarka Lhotakova
On Tue, 9 Jul 2002, Ann-Fook Yang wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } My colleague asks: } Is it true or is a hoax that there is a software which makes it } possible to get focussed light microscopy images from pairs of under- } and overfocussed micrographs? If it si true, what is the name of the } software and where is it available? } Thank you. } M. Kalab } } Please reply to: } scimat-at-magma.ca } }
Wil, I would think this would kill the algae in the water and the UV chamber but other areas are still vulnerable. We made the mistake of installing a cooling water tap off our Haskris system on an EM400 for digital camera cooling by using clear tubing. The algae growth took off. I contacted Philips to determine how we could treat the coolant to prevent this algae growth. They recommended a 50 / 50, water / ethylene glycol. We did this and had no further problems with algae even with the clear tubing in place. I would not do this without the OK from you scope vendor. Russ Gillmeister Xerox ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-----Original Message----- } From: Wil Bigelow [mailto:bigelow-at-engin.umich.edu] Sent: Tuesday, July 09, 2002 4:13 PM To: Microscopy Listserver
I recall that over the past couple of years several people have inquired about ways to control the growth of algae in recirculating cooling water systems.
I just received a catalog from an outfit called Home Improvements that lists a device called 'Power Clear' for controlling algal growth in garden pools and ponds. It is essentially a 15 x 5 x 5" chamber with hose connections at each end. When the circulator's hose is connected to it the circulating water flows over a quartz-sleeved ultra violet bulb, which is said to kill parasites, mold spores, bacteria and fungi in the water.
It sounds as though this would be very suitable to use in water recirculators for electron microscopes and related instruments. The cost is only about $130, with replacement bulbs priced at $30. Check www.ImprovementsCatalog.com, or call 1-800-642-2112.
-- Wilbur C. Bigelow, Prof. Emeritus Materials Sci. & Engr., University of Michigan 3062 Dow Bldg.; 2300 Hayward St. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136 e-mail: bigelow-at-umich.edu; Fx:734-763-4788; Ph:734-662-5237
We are trying to localize iron in yeast with light and electron microscopy . Has anybody know of stains for iron at the light microscope and also for electron microscope.
We would appreciate any input and suggestions you may have. Thanks for your help, Gilles
If there is anyone out there who has recently designed a new EM lab in new construction, I would appreciate hearing what special instructions you gave to the architects and engineers to assure the appropriate environmental conditions for operation of the instruments.
Thanks, Greg Gregory W. Erdos, Ph.D. Assistant Director, Biotechnology Program Scientific Director, ICBR EM CORE University of Florida Ph. 352-392-1295 PO Box 118525 Fax 352-846-0251 Gainesville, FL 32611 http://www.biotech.ufl.edu/EM
If there is anyone out there who has recently designed a new EM lab in new construction, I would appreciate hearing what special instructions you gave to the architects and engineers to assure the appropriate environmental conditions for operation of the instruments.
Thanks, Greg
Gregory W. Erdos, Ph.D. Assistant Director, Biotechnology Program Scientific Director, ICBR EM CORE University of Florida Ph. 352-392-1295 PO Box 118525 Fax 352-846-0251 Gainesville, FL 32611 http://www.biotech.ufl.edu/EM
1) Deconvolution. This technique takes several images (a stack) of images taken at different focus positions, and calculates the "blurring" in each image and finally removes it for a focused image. There are different types of deconvolution (no neighbor, nearest neighbor, blind iterative). These algorithms are fairly computation intense and can take a while to complete, especially on large images. You also need information about the microscope to get the best results.
2) Extended Focal Imaging (we call it that way, other manufacturers have different names). This is a simpler approach, where the software simply "collects" the focused parts from each image and combines them into a new image. This usually works faster than deconvolution and you don't need any other information from the microscope, but there might be artifacts in areas where you find no structure on the image.
If you want to get more information, you can check "deconvolution" on the internet, or go to our web site and look for "ride" (rapid image deconvolution) and EFI (Extended Focal Imaging). As I mentioned above, other manufacturers have similar software.
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Ann-Fook Yang [mailto:yanga-at-agr.gc.ca] Sent: Tuesday, July 09, 2002 2:47 PM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
My colleague asks: Is it true or is a hoax that there is a software which makes it possible to get focussed light microscopy images from pairs of under- and overfocussed micrographs? If it si true, what is the name of the software and where is it available? Thank you. M. Kalab
I tried a lot of stuff to solve my "pepper" problem either on the "stainig side", like shorter lead stain, different batch of lead citrate, prolonged washes after fix and osmium, I don´t use phosphate buffers, etc, etc or on the scope side (Philips EM 201) like using different objektive/condensor apertures, low kv, low emission, etc. etc. Nothing helped.
If I take a section I worked with a couple of weeks ago (and then it was ok in the Philips EM 20, I took dozens of nice negs) and put it in the same Philips EM 201 now (exactly the same scope settings) I get this "pepper" and it is really bad. If I take such a "peppered" section to the Zeiss EM 10 I still can see the "pepper", so it is not a problem of not being able to see the contamination in the Zeiss.
It drives me crazy.
Stefan
°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° Stefan Geimer MCDB Dept. Yale University P.O. Box 208103 New Haven, CT 06520-8103 U.S.A.
But do you have the problem with a section that is taken from the Philips to the Zeiss?
Thanks,
Fred Monson
} ---------- } From: Stefan Geimer } Sent: Tuesday, July 9, 2002 2:04 PM } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: TEM, Epon sections, problem with "pepper" } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } I have the following problem: } I am observing Epon sections, stained with uranyl acetate and lead } citrate in an Philips EM 201. The sections show a really severe } contamination with electron dense grains. These grains are always } associated with embedded structures (membranes, microtubules etc.).The } problem started after I changed the cathode. The contamination looks } kinda like lead-stain granularity and I think it has something to do } with the lead. A section stained with uranyl acetate only looks fine } (but I need the lead to get enough stain). } The crazy thing is that I don´t have the problem when I use our other } scope, a Zeiss EM 10. So if I take one of my sections and have a look at } it in the Zeiss EM 10, everything is perfect. The same section observed } in the Philips EM 201 shows this contamination with electron dense } grains. Both scopes operated at comparable conditions (80 kv, cold trap } etc.). So the contamination seems to be lead citrate and scope } dependend. } Anybody ever had that problem and might have an idea how to solve it? } } Stefan } } } } °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° } Stefan Geimer } MCDB Dept. } Yale University } P.O. Box 208103 } New Haven, CT 06520-8103 } U.S.A. } } Tel.: 203/432-3473 } Fax.: 203/432-6210 } } e-mail: stefan.geimer-at-yale.edu } °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° } } } }
I'm not sure what your design goals are, but the following may give you some ideas...
We designed a lab, with focus on atom-resolution TEM and SPM, to occupy half of the first floor of a 3 story building. There was a writeup about it in the November 1999 issue (vol 4 no 11) of Laboratory Design. A brief quote from the article said: "After reviewing geotechnical studies, designers decided to place the electron microscopy lab on the first floor, as far away as possible from the arterial road. Mechanical equipment, as well as the microscope's generator, were located on the first floor in the office wing, which is separated from the lab block by a 2-in. seismic joint. A second 2-in. expansion joint isolates the lab wing from the adjacent Benton Hall. The microscopy lab rests on a dedicated 2-ft-thick concrete foundation, with theater-wall construction further mitigating vibration." I'm not sure what they mean here by "the microscope's generator", but the elastic barriers they describe extend through all 3+1 floors of the facility.
Electrical wiring and air handling systems were designed to minimize stray fields and asymmetric convection around electron microscope columns, separate air conditioning controls supplied the HREM room (allowing shut-down to test it's effects on vibration if necessary) along with a ceiling crane for column disassembly and a wall feedthrough allowing the scope's low voltage power supplies to be located in an adjacent, vibrationally separated, area. Hall closets for chillers, transformers, etc. were located well away from more sensitive instruments. Dust generating areas (e.g. specimen prep) were located away from the scope rooms, and specimen handling areas were given single-color floor tiles to make small dropped objects easier to find.
Lastly, since we knew we couldn't do much after the fact if building design goals were compromised during construction, we made it a practice to attend weekly construction meetings, and to schedule vibration isolation tests at appropriate times during construction. I remember painfully one in particular, when the only way we could figure how to measure vibration attenuation between the 2-foot thick slab, and the newly- poured floor surrounding, was for me to jump down from a 4-foot retaining wall onto the new floor hitting with maximum impact (that was the bad part) while others monitored on-slab and off-slab vibration. We got numbers for amplitude attentuation (I think somewhere between a factor of 10 and 100, in the 10 Hz frequency range), but the next day I could barely get out of bed. Of course, it was less the results of the tests than the fact that everyone knew we were actively doing them that, we felt, worked in our favor.
Most elements of the strategy worked (provided I don't mention light leaks in the darkroom). Under normal contact mode operating conditions sitting out in the room on a vibration table, our Nanoscope III SPM has stationary-tip vibration amplitudes of about half an Angstrom, and our 300 kV Philips SuperTwin continues to reliably deliver contrast in the sub-2A range even on amorphous materials using the lowest possible bias setting. If you have further questions or would like more details, contact me off of the list server.
Cheers. /pf
Phil Fraundorf UM-StL Physics and Astronomy St. Louis MO 63121 office: (314)516-5044 lab: (314)516-5024 fax: (314)516-6152 http://www.umsl.edu/~fraundor
*********** REPLY SEPARATOR ***********
On 7/10/2002 at 9:00 AM you? wrote:
} If there is anyone out there who has recently designed a new EM lab in new } construction, I would appreciate hearing what special instructions you } gave } to the architects and engineers to assure the appropriate environmental } conditions for operation of the instruments. } } Thanks, Greg } } Gregory W. Erdos, Ph.D. } Assistant Director, Biotechnology Program } Scientific Director, ICBR EM CORE } University of Florida Ph. 352-392-1295 } PO Box 118525 Fax 352-846-0251 } Gainesville, FL 32611 http://www.biotech.ufl.edu/EM
Hi Stephan, I haven't yet worked (soon but not yet, so I can't tell you much about protocoles) with IgY but I can tell you where to buy secondary Ab to IgY conjugated to gold: BIO/CAN Scientific (Jackson) 1-800-387-8125 or 905-828-2455 They are located in Ontario, Canada. Donkey anti-chicken IgY - 6 nm cat# 703--195-155 Donkey anti-chicken IgY - 12 nm cat# 703--205-155 Donkey anti-chicken IgY - 18 nm cat# 703--215-155 Hope it helps
} Hi Stephan, } I haven't yet worked (soon but not yet, so I can't tell you much about protocoles) with IgY but I can tell you where to buy secondary Ab to IgY conjugated to gold: BIO/CAN Scientific (Jackson) 1-800-387-8125 or 905-828-2455 } They are located in Ontario, Canada. } Donkey anti-chicken IgY - 6 nm cat# 703--195-155 } Donkey anti-chicken IgY - 12 nm cat# 703--205-155 } Donkey anti-chicken IgY - 18 nm cat# 703--215-155 } Hope it helps } } Emmanuelle } } } } Emmanuelle Roux, PhD } Senior Scientist } Caprion Pharmaceuticals } 7150 Alexander Fleming } St-Laurent, H4S 2C8 } Quebec, Canada } Tel: 514-940-3600 ext. 3773 } Fax: 514-940-3620 }
I have a little problem. I am staining thin sections of LR White embedded plant tissue with a 1% aqueous solution of Congo Red (Sigma) for 1 min, with three 'copious' washes from a distilled water wash bottle. Instead of the cell wall labelling, I get a 'negative' image of the wall, and the cytoplasm stains strongly. I don't know why this is so; I made up a mew batch of the stain, but that didn't improve the labelling, and it's never happened before. I checked the pH, and it's around 9. Am I going mad, or is there something about Gongo Red that I should know about?
Thanks for you help in advance,
Mark.
Mark Talbot Department of Biological Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 AUSTRALIA
I am curious to hear the answer to this question from Jacques and I have something to add. Once I performed EDS analyses on a sample of BC particles on C film in order to test a new EDS analysis system installed on a new FEG 200KeV TEM. After selecting the correct time constant in the EDS software I could get nice distinguishable C and B peaks. Later I tried doing a similar EDS analysis on large FeB2 particles in
a Fe matrix. I mention large here to stress that the particles went through the specimen foil so most of the X-rays were being emitted directly from the particles
without passing through the Fe matrix before reaching the detector. I never saw even a hint of a B peak. These ppts should have contained 33at%B. Was I doing something wrong or is that an indication of how easily boron X-rays are absorbed within a sample containing large z atoms?
Faerber Jacques wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Hi all } } In the same idee, what about mesurements on boron carbide ? Carbon AND } boron concentrations ! I see nice spectras, without anything else ( a bit } O, some times Al and N). And I have variations between samples in the B/C } ratio. In such a case can I mesure only ratio variation, or is it possible } to try some quantification (with standards). The sample is bulk B4C } and laser ablation thick layers (with dropplets). Primary energy 3 to 5 } keV. } } I think it's a bit pretentious to quantify. What is other's opinion ? } } J. Faerber } IPCMS-GSI } (Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg } Groupe Surface et Interfaces) } 23, rue de Loess } 67037 Strasbourg CEDEX } France } } Tel 00 33(0)3 88 10 71 01 } Fax 00 33(0)0 88 10 72 48 } E-mail Jacques.Faerber-at-ipcms.u-strasbg.fr } } On Tue, 9 Jul 2002, Ronald Vane wrote: } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } Dear Chris and all: } } } } Quantitative analysis of Carbon by EDX is nearly impossible because of the } } very shallow penetration depth of the Carbon X-rays. You really just measure } } the surface. Surface analysis techniques such as XPS and Auger also show } } that thin carbon films love to form on surfaces. If you have an XPS you use } } your ion gun to sputter off the carbon surface scum to see the real surface. } } } } Dry ashing in a plasma cleaner can also remove the carbon surface layer. } } Sputter etching can be used to remove gold and silver coatings. } } } } Ron Vane } } XEI Scientific } } 3124 Wessex Way, Redwood City, CA 94061 } } 650-369-0133 } } www.SEMCLEAN.com } } } } Note: XEI Scientific makes the EVACTRON plasma cleaning system for Electron } } Microscope Chambers and FIBs, but does not make desk top plasma dry ashers } } or sputter etchers. } } } } -----Original Message----- } } } From: Chris Peppiatt {chris.peppiatt-at-nuigalway.ie} } } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} } } Date: Monday, July 08, 2002 3:22 PM } } Subject: Carbon Quantitation by EDX } } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } Dear All, } } } } } } Someone has asked me to do some work for them on mineral specimens. The } } } samples will be mounted in resin and polished and we will then coat with } } } carbon. Obviously we will set our software to deconvolute carbon from the } } } analyses. We have the option to coat samples with either gold or silver and } } } then look at the carbon content. I suppose the questions I would like to } } } have answered are: } } } } } } (1) Heavy elements like gold or silver will absorb some of the light } } } element (inc. carbon) X-rays when used as coatings. Is there any way of } } } correcting for this to get an accurate quantitative analysis of carbon } } content? } } } } } } (2) Is there any way of removing either gold/silver or carbon coatings from } } } such samples except for the obvious method of regrinding/polishing the } } } coating off? } } } } } } Thanks in advance. } } } } } } Regards, } } } } } } Chris Peppiatt } } } } } } } } } ============================================ } } } Dr. Chris Peppiatt (Experimental Officer), } } } The National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, } } } Science & Engineering Technology Building, } } } National University of Ireland Galway, } } } Galway City, Co. Galway, } } } Republic of Ireland. } } } chris.peppiatt-at-nuigalway.ie } } } Phone: +353 91 512157 Fax: +353 91 750596 } } } ============================================= } } } } } } } } } } } } }
-- Dr. Steven Celotto Department of Engineering Materials Science & Engineering University of Liverpool Brownlow Hill Liverpool L69 3BX UNITED KINGDOM
For the LM either "Prussian Blue" reaction or "Turnbull's Blue" reaction depending on whether your iron is +3 (ferric) or +2 (ferros). Theses are very simple and in any histotechnique text (ferro- or ferri- cyanide in HCl) . You should run a control for verification. At the EM level I would think that iron deposits would be electron dense and not require any staining. In fact, they might be more visible in an unstained section.
Gilles Grondin wrote:
} We are trying to localize iron in yeast with light and electron microscopy } . Has anybody know of stains for iron at the light microscope and also for } electron microscope. } } We would appreciate any input and suggestions you may have. Thanks for your } help, } Gilles
Geoff -- ********************************************** Geoff McAuliffe, Ph.D. Neuroscience and Cell Biology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 voice: (732)-235-4583; fax: -4029 mcauliff-at-umdnj.edu **********************************************
I have to ask the obvious, just to make sure that your staining technique is meticulous.
1. are you doing the lead citrate stain in a low Co2 environment? KOH, sucks up CO2 a lot better than NaOH... so try that... in a glass petri dish.
2. Use ultra clean boiled water to make up the lead citrate stain to drive out CO2.
3. Wash the living hell out of the grids after staining. I bang them up and down 60 times in half a liter of ultra pure water in 3 separate beakers, after every stain. [I can stain about 35 grids on one of those rubber grid holders with the slits in them to hold the grids... they are nice. You can cut more slits to hold even more grids.]
4. Never use the lead citrate near the bottom of the vial. Every time I try that, I end up with peppering, and make sure that your stain is fresh.
The reason that you don't see the artifact in one microscope probably just means that you dont' have the same contrast between the 2 machines... maybe different obj. aperture sizes or a lot of other reasons. But trust me, it's probably still there.
I have to ask the obvious, just to make sure that your staining technique is meticulous.
1. are you doing the lead citrate stain in a low Co2 environment? KOH, sucks up CO2 a lot better than NaOH... so try that... in a glass petri dish.
2. Use ultra clean boiled water to make up the lead citrate stain to drive out CO2.
3. Wash the living hell out of the grids after staining. I bang them up and down 60 times in half a liter of ultra pure water in 3 separate beakers, after every stain. [I can stain about 35 grids on one of those rubber grid holders with the slits in them to hold the grids... they are nice. You can cut more slits to hold even more grids.]
4. Never use the lead citrate near the bottom of the vial. Every time I try that, I end up with peppering, and make sure that your stain is fresh.
The reason that you don't see the artifact in one microscope probably just means that you dont' have the same contrast between the 2 machines... maybe different obj. aperture sizes or a lot of other reasons. But trust me, it's probably still there.
I seem to recall reading somewhere about a method of removing the top cell membranes from a cell culture layer. It seems to have involved placing a layer of material over the cultured cells and stripping it away, but I can't remember anything about where I saw the reference.
Can somebody help jog my memory? Or did I dream this? I figure if ANYONE knows, you folks will!
Thanks!
Randy
Randy Tindall EM Specialist Electron Microscopy Core Facility W122 Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211 Tel: (573) 882-8304 Fax: (573) 884-5414 Email: tindallr-at-missouri.edu Web: http://www.biotech.missouri.edu/emc/
Has anyone out there ever silver enhanced 20nm gold particles? I would like to see by light microscopy the distribution in rat lung of inhaled gold particles. I have done 1nm gold particle enhancement but that was for EM viewing. Would it involve the same methodology?
Thanks!
Karen L. Bentley, M.S.(previously Jensen) Associate Scientist & Project Manager Electron Microscope Research Core University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY 14642 585-275-1954
I have to ask the obvious, just to make sure that your staining technique is meticulous.
1. are you doing the lead citrate stain in a low Co2 environment? KOH, sucks up CO2 a lot better than NaOH... so try that... in a glass petri dish.
2. Use ultra clean boiled water to make up the lead citrate stain to drive out CO2.
3. Wash the living hell out of the grids after staining. I bang them up and down 60 times in half a liter of ultra pure water in 3 separate beakers, after every stain. [I can stain about 35 grids on one of those rubber grid holders with the slits in them to hold the grids... they are nice. You can cut more slits to hold even more grids.]
4. Never use the lead citrate near the bottom of the vial. Every time I try that, I end up with peppering, and make sure that your stain is fresh.
The reason that you don't see the artifact in one microscope probably just means that you dont' have the same contrast between the 2 machines... maybe different obj. aperture sizes or a lot of other reasons. But trust me, it's probably still there.
the following is copied from our HR group announcement. The official bits are listed below. I can answer some questions but I'm not the decision maker so please don't bombard me with emails!
cheers, JSV ******************
Would you like to work at a National Laboratory? The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is looking for a Microscopist. If you are interested, please apply by visiting our website: http://jobs.pnl.gov/jobs.asp?req=104165 PNNL is an EEO/AA employer and values diversity in the workplace. F/M/D/V are encouraged to apply.
Materials Interfaces and Characterization Materials Science Division Science & Engineering Associate II Min. Salary: 40K/yr - Max. Salary: 59K/yr (salary is commensurate with education and experience).
This position requires experience in electron microscopy and a 4-year degree in a field of science or its equivalent. Background should be in metal and ceramic sample preparation and in the operation of transmission and scanning electron microscopes. Working experience with the use of analytical electron microscopes is highly desired. Background in the handling, preparation and examination of materials is also required. Will lead technical activities dealing with material preparation and characterization for PNNL scientists and engineers in support of a variety of projects within the technical group. Will be responsible for performing analytical characterization of materials, using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Will contribute research data for publications in refereed technical journals and in reports to various sponsors. Excellent oral and written communication skills and ability to establish positive working relationships with other technical staff is required. This position will report to the Materials Interfaces and Characterization Technical Group Manager. ***********************
******** John S. Vetrano Sr. Research Scientist Pacific Northwest National Laboratory MSIN P8-16 P.O. Box 999 Richland, WA 99352 Phone: (509)372-0724 Fax: (509)376-6308 Email: mailto:john.vetrano-at-pnl.gov
} Hi all; } } the following is copied from our HR group announcement. The official bits } are listed below. I can answer some questions but I'm not the decision } maker so please don't bombard me with emails! } } cheers, JSV } ****************** } } Would you like to work at a National Laboratory? The Pacific Northwest } National Laboratory is looking for a Microscopist. If you are interested, } please apply by visiting our website: } http://jobs.pnl.gov/jobs.asp?req=104165 } PNNL is an EEO/AA employer and values diversity in the workplace. F/M/D/V } are encouraged to apply. } } Materials Interfaces and Characterization } Materials Science Division } Science & Engineering Associate II } Min. Salary: 40K/yr - Max. Salary: 59K/yr (salary is commensurate with } education and experience). } } This position requires experience in electron microscopy and a 4-year } degree in a field of science or its equivalent. Background should be in } metal and ceramic sample preparation and in the operation of transmission } and scanning electron microscopes. Working experience with the use of } analytical electron microscopes is highly desired. Background in the } handling, preparation and examination of materials is also required. Will } lead technical activities dealing with material preparation and } characterization for PNNL scientists and engineers in support of a variety } of projects within the technical group. Will be responsible for } performing analytical characterization of materials, using transmission } and scanning electron microscopy. Will contribute research data for } publications in refereed technical journals and in reports to various } sponsors. Excellent oral and written communication skills and ability to } establish positive working relationships with other technical staff is } required. This position will report to the Materials Interfaces and } Characterization Technical Group Manager. } *********************** } } } ******** } John S. Vetrano } Sr. Research Scientist } Pacific Northwest National Laboratory } MSIN P8-16 } P.O. Box 999 } Richland, WA 99352 } Phone: (509)372-0724 Fax: (509)376-6308 } Email: mailto:john.vetrano-at-pnl.gov }
If anyone out there has a Kevex Analyst 8000 in "excess storage" we would be interested in a pulse processor (4460). Who knows? We may be looking for other modules in the near future. Please contact me offline.
Warm Regards, Annie --
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
R. Ann Bliss Technician, Chemistry and Materials Science Materials Science and Technology Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
We have a TMC isolation platform for a TEM that we wish to sell as our new scope will not fit on this platform. Currently used for a JEOL 100C. Unit purchased in 1994 and in excellent condition. Interested parties should contact
Joe Goodhouse Confocal / EM Core Laboratory Manager Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University 609-258-5432 jgoodhouse-at-molbio.princeton.edu
Visit us at http://www.molbio.princeton.edu/facility/confocal/index.html
HI Randy, We've done this with cell cancer lines incubated onto a bone surface or with bacteria incubated on a polished planchet of hornblende. I placed double stickey C tabs cut into thin slivers onto an alumium stub, remove the tab cover, inverted the aluminum, stub with the exposed sticky +conductive surface over a dried /coated and previously imaged sample, touching it lightly to the surface before pulling it away---the idea being to Au/Pd coat both stubs, and then check them for the cells, cell content or for the pit formed when the cells anchored into the layer of bone / hornblende. As might be expected, I had fewer problems with the hornblende surface than with the bone slice. I hope that your ultrasmall gold course went well. Rosemary
.At 02:38 PM 7/10/02 -0500, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Haskris Water to Air Chiller, puchased in 1994 to cool one Jeol 840 SEM and a Jeol 100C TEM, from 1994 to 1996. 1996 to present only used for the TEM. Unit is in very good condition. Asking $20000.00 or Best offer plus removal and shipping costs. Contact
Joe Goodhouse Confocal / EM Core Laboratory Manager Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University 609-258-5432 jgoodhouse-at-molbio.princeton.edu
Visit us at http://www.molbio.princeton.edu/facility/confocal/index.html
on 7/9/02 7:37 PM, Allan Mitchell at allan.mitchell-at-stonebow.otago.ac.nz wrote:
} } Hi Wilbur, Thanks for the update } } The recirculating cooling water systems problem that we have the most } problem trying to get a handle on is controlling the pH of the } cooling water to prevent corrosion. Since the end of the good old } days when we were allowed to use Sodium Chromate and Sodium } Bicarbonate we have not yet found a satisfactory replacement. } } Satisfactory includes; effectiveness at pH control, life time before } depletion, safe handling and disposal, cost, availablility. } } Trying to get good advice also seems to like the proverbial hens teeth. } } Anyone out there come up with any good products recently. } Dear Allan, Back at the HVEM, we used Aqua Treet 42 for anti-corrosion and adjusted the pH to between 8.0 and 8.5 with NaOH. The Aqua Treet--from Aqua Labs somewhere in NJ as I recall--works well at that pH. We checked the concentration with a color kit once each month, and had to add more only occasionally; it is very safe (I didn't drink any, but it is not corrosive, etc.); the cost was under $100 for a 5 gal tub, which has lasted for many years, and is nowhere near the bottom. Last time I checked, Aqua Labs was reachable by phone and was on the web. Good luck. Yours, Bill Tivol
on 7/9/02 7:46 PM, rcmoretz-at-att.net at rcmoretz-at-att.net wrote:
} Altho' not directly involved in the } work, I do remember that the fixative was hydrogen } sulfide saturated glutaraldehyde (really noxious mixture- } -in more ways than one!). There is also some literature } related to Cd localization, but I can't dredge up } names. } Roger Moretz } -- } Where the world is only slightly } less weird than it actually is.
Dear Roger, Sulfide should precipitate Cd as well as Zn. Yours, Bill Tivol
Randy There was a presentation at a South African EM Society meeting in 1983 on this subject: Hughes, F & Rijkenberg, F H J - 1983: An epidermis removal technique for studying infection processes of Puccinia sorghi in Maize leaves. Proc. Electron Microsc. Soc. South Afr. 13, 17-18.
The basics are: Fix and dehydrate specimens, then CPD, mount onto SEM stub. A second stub, onto which double-sided sticky tape has been affixed, is pressed to the specimen surface and pulled away. After coating both stubs, the inner and outer surfaces of the specimen can be studied.
If required, I can fax you a copy of the two pages.
Regards Jan Coetzee
"Tindall, Randy D." wrote: } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Dear listers, } } I seem to recall reading somewhere about a method of removing the top cell membranes from a cell culture layer. It seems to have involved placing a layer of material over the cultured cells and stripping it away, but I can't remember anything about where I saw the reference. } } Can somebody help jog my memory? Or did I dream this? I figure if ANYONE knows, you folks will! } } Thanks! } } Randy } } Randy Tindall } EM Specialist } Electron Microscopy Core Facility } W122 Veterinary Medicine } University of Missouri } Columbia, MO 65211 } Tel: (573) 882-8304 } Fax: (573) 884-5414 } Email: tindallr-at-missouri.edu } Web: http://www.biotech.missouri.edu/emc/
-- Jan Coetzee Lab for Microscopy and Microanalysis University of Pretoria, South Africa. Tel: 012-420-2075, Fax 012-362-5150 www.up.ac.za/academic/electron/emunit1.htm
Some weeks ago, there was a discussion about the effects of pH and many other factors on the stainings (in that case toluidine blue). The conclusion was, if I can say, that we can never know ...., only try.
Regarding your problem, I had a similar experiment with ruthenium red on JB4 embedded European beeches sections. At neutral and basic pH, the stain is in the cytoplasm (or in the vacuoles?). At pH {= 5, the pectins (near the walls) stained. It remained me an experiment I did on practical work (when I was student) in which we experimented that the staining of the walls migrates to the vacuols when the pH is changed from acidic to basic...
You can try quickly the same with your sections:
1) stain them as you do 2) rince them with an acidic buffer or solution and mount them in that buffer (non permanent mounting)
3) look at them, perhaps you will see after some time that the staining in, or near the walls
4) if it works, one conclusion would be : the pH of rinsing is as (or perhaps in some cases) more important than the pH of the staining itself. But I stop here, because I'm sure there will be many other opinions...
Another problem could perhaps be that embedding was not optimal (did you your staining on the same sections than when it worked ?)...
Hope it hels
Chris Wuethrich Beth Israel Deaconess medical Center 330, Brookline AVE Boston, MA 02215
PCan someone please explain why the solutions still concentrate on the stain and its condition rather than taking the tack that the problem lies with the Philips scope?
Fred Monson
} ---------- } From: Monson, Frederick C. } Sent: Wednesday, July 10, 2002 11:28 AM } To: 'Stefan Geimer' } Cc: 'List-Microscopy' } Subject: RE: TEM, Epon sections, problem with "pepper" } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } But do you have the problem with a section that is taken from the Philips } to } the Zeiss? } } Thanks, } } Fred Monson } } } ---------- } } From: Stefan Geimer } } Sent: Tuesday, July 9, 2002 2:04 PM } } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } } Subject: TEM, Epon sections, problem with "pepper" } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } I have the following problem: } } I am observing Epon sections, stained with uranyl acetate and lead } } citrate in an Philips EM 201. The sections show a really severe } } contamination with electron dense grains. These grains are always } } associated with embedded structures (membranes, microtubules etc.).The } } problem started after I changed the cathode. The contamination looks } } kinda like lead-stain granularity and I think it has something to do } } with the lead. A section stained with uranyl acetate only looks fine } } (but I need the lead to get enough stain). } } The crazy thing is that I don´t have the problem when I use our other } } scope, a Zeiss EM 10. So if I take one of my sections and have a look at } } it in the Zeiss EM 10, everything is perfect. The same section observed } } in the Philips EM 201 shows this contamination with electron dense } } grains. Both scopes operated at comparable conditions (80 kv, cold trap } } etc.). So the contamination seems to be lead citrate and scope } } dependend. } } Anybody ever had that problem and might have an idea how to solve it? } } } } Stefan } } } } } } } } °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° } } Stefan Geimer } } MCDB Dept. } } Yale University } } P.O. Box 208103 } } New Haven, CT 06520-8103 } } U.S.A. } } } } Tel.: 203/432-3473 } } Fax.: 203/432-6210 } } } } e-mail: stefan.geimer-at-yale.edu } } °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° } } } } } } } } } }
Check the work of Richard G Anderson (Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas).
One example of publication which I think described that technique : Moore MS, Mahaffey DT, Brodsky FM, Anderson RG. Assembly of clathrin-coated pits onto purified plasma membranes. Science 1987 May 1;236(4801):558-63.
"Tindall, Randy D." wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Dear listers, } } I seem to recall reading somewhere about a method of removing the top cell membranes from a cell culture layer. It seems to have involved placing a layer of material over the cultured cells and stripping it away, but I can't remember anything about where I saw the reference. } } Can somebody help jog my memory? Or did I dream this? I figure if ANYONE knows, you folks will! } } Thanks! } } Randy } } Randy Tindall } EM Specialist } Electron Microscopy Core Facility } W122 Veterinary Medicine } University of Missouri } Columbia, MO 65211 } Tel: (573) 882-8304 } Fax: (573) 884-5414 } Email: tindallr-at-missouri.edu } Web: http://www.biotech.missouri.edu/emc/
-- Marc Pypaert Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell and Molecular Imaging and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Yale University School of Medicine 333 Cedar Street New Haven CT 06520 Tel : (203) 785 3681 Fax : (203) 785 7446
I plan to upgrade my film scanner for TEM 3.25x4 in. negatives. (Currently I am using Microtek ScanMaker 8700 and Agfa Duoscan T2500). I have located two scanners that fit into my requirement. One is Minolta Dimage Scan multi Pro, the other one is Nikon Super Coolscan 8000ED. Minolta scanner has a slightly higher optical resolution (4800 dpi) and Dynamic range of 4.8.
Can anybody who has experience with these scanners help me to make a decision? Thanks a lot.
Xinran Liu
Xinran Liu, M.D., Ph.D. Center for Basic Neuroscience UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Phone: 214-648-1830 Fax: 214-648-1801 E-mail: xinran.liu-at-utsouthwestern.edu
The reason why I took this position is because I have sometimes seen peppering as a result of faulty staining technique with lead citrate. I have not see this sort of "peppering" as a result of microscope contamination. In the case of microscope contamination, it shows more as a general density increase over a specific area of the grid....like a burn.
That said, I've never used a Philips EM, but I have used Jeol 1010, Hitachi 7000, AEI 6B and AEI 801, Zeiss 109, and a Zeiss 10CR and an old Zeiss 9 I believe. In my 18 years of experience, I've never seen peppering as a result of a microscope contamination. It doesn't mean that it can't happen, just that in my experience, I haven't seen it. I can only talk about what I've seen, or haven't seen.
PCan someone please explain why the solutions still concentrate on the stain and its condition rather than taking the tack that the problem lies with the Philips scope?
Fred Monson
} ---------- } From: Monson, Frederick C. } Sent: Wednesday, July 10, 2002 11:28 AM } To: 'Stefan Geimer' } Cc: 'List-Microscopy' } Subject: RE: TEM, Epon sections, problem with "pepper" } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } But do you have the problem with a section that is taken from the Philips } to } the Zeiss? } } Thanks, } } Fred Monson } } } ---------- } } From: Stefan Geimer } } Sent: Tuesday, July 9, 2002 2:04 PM } } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } } Subject: TEM, Epon sections, problem with "pepper" } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } I have the following problem: } } I am observing Epon sections, stained with uranyl acetate and lead } } citrate in an Philips EM 201. The sections show a really severe } } contamination with electron dense grains. These grains are always } } associated with embedded structures (membranes, microtubules etc.).The } } problem started after I changed the cathode. The contamination looks } } kinda like lead-stain granularity and I think it has something to do } } with the lead. A section stained with uranyl acetate only looks fine } } (but I need the lead to get enough stain). } } The crazy thing is that I don´t have the problem when I use our other } } scope, a Zeiss EM 10. So if I take one of my sections and have a look at } } it in the Zeiss EM 10, everything is perfect. The same section observed } } in the Philips EM 201 shows this contamination with electron dense } } grains. Both scopes operated at comparable conditions (80 kv, cold trap } } etc.). So the contamination seems to be lead citrate and scope } } dependend. } } Anybody ever had that problem and might have an idea how to solve it? } } } } Stefan } } } } } } } } °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° } } Stefan Geimer } } MCDB Dept. } } Yale University } } P.O. Box 208103 } } New Haven, CT 06520-8103 } } U.S.A. } } } } Tel.: 203/432-3473 } } Fax.: 203/432-6210 } } } } e-mail: stefan.geimer-at-yale.edu } } °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° } } } } } } } } } }
Haskris Water to Air Chiller, purchased in 1994 to cool one Jeol 840 SEM and a Jeol 100C TEM, from 1994 to 1996. 1996 to present only used for the TEM. This is a Model R150 Unit. 208/230 volts , 1 Phase 60 Hertz. Condenser is 1.75 HP. with lbs. refrigerant R-22 charge ,1/3 HP water pump with a 14 gallon tank. Unit is in very good condition. Asking $2,000.00 or Best offer plus removal and shipping costs. Contact
Joe Goodhouse Confocal / EM Core Laboratory Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University 609-258-5432 jgoodhouse-at-molbio.princeton.edu
Visit us at http://www.molbio.princeton.edu/facility/confocal/index.html
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (agodl-at-o2.pl) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Thursday, July 11, 2002 at 11:30:16 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: agodl-at-o2.pl Name: Godlewski Andrzej
Education: Graduate College
Location: Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Question: Hallo, In the autometallography the Timm method is used for revealing cations (eg zinc, cobalt)in different biological materials. The idea of This method is simply from chemical point of view: treatment of sample with Na2S (high pH)[sulphide of cation present in sample], wash, next AgNO3 in H2O (1%?)[substitution by silver other cattion ] and photographic developer [for silver revealing].The method is simply, accurate but not specific. The question: What is original recipe of Timm method? Best regard A.Godlewski MD PhD D Sci
Electron Microscopist Electron Probe Instrumentation Center (EPIC) Northwestern University, USA
Job description:
Research, collaboration and training of students and users of EPIC in all aspects of electron microscopy: particularly specimen preparation and FIB, SEM and TEM analysis.
Specific duties include:
(1) Teach, help and actively collaborate with users in preparing TEM/SEM samples and their observation by SEM/TEM. (2) Assist and conduct laboratory teaching in UG and graduate courses related to specimen preparation and electron microscopy. (3) Develop collaborative and independent research projects and topics related to advanced electron microscopy and nanostructures. (4) Maintain and develop sample preparation laboratory and equipment such as FIB, ultramicrotome, IBTs, PIPS, electrojet polishers, cutting saw, wire saw, grinder, vacuum evaporator, sputter coater, liquid nitrogen and other accessories. (5) Help maintain and develop computer facility within EPIC.
Qualifications and Needs:
A technical degree in physical science/engineering or bioscience is needed. Actual hands-on experience in specimen preparation of hard and soft materials, and electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) is required. Need to be familiar with modern computers and basic user programs. Laboratory teaching experience is highly desirable.
Excellent prospects for personal and professional growth.
Send Resume and 3 References directly to:
Prof. Vinayak P. Dravid Materials Science & Engineering Director, Electron Probe Instrumentation Center (EPIC) 2225 N. Campus Drive, 1133 MLSF Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA Ph.: (847) 467-1363, Fax: (847) 467-6573 E-mail: v-dravid-at-northwestern.edu http://vpd.ms.northwestern.edu http://epic.ms.northwestern.edu **********************************************************
Electron Microscopist Electron Probe Instrumentation Center (EPIC) Northwestern University, USA
Job description:
Research, collaboration and training of students and users of EPIC in all aspects of electron microscopy: particularly specimen preparation and FIB, SEM and TEM analysis.
Specific duties include:
(1) Teach, help and actively collaborate with users in preparing TEM/SEM samples and their observation by SEM/TEM. (2) Assist and conduct laboratory teaching in UG and graduate courses related to specimen preparation and electron microscopy. (3) Develop collaborative and independent research projects and topics related to advanced electron microscopy and nanostructures. (4) Maintain and develop sample preparation laboratory and equipment such as FIB, ultramicrotome, IBTs, PIPS, electrojet polishers, cutting saw, wire saw, grinder, vacuum evaporator, sputter coater, liquid nitrogen and other accessories. (5) Help maintain and develop computer facility within EPIC.
Qualifications and Needs:
A technical degree in physical science/engineering or bioscience is needed. Actual hands-on experience in specimen preparation of hard and soft materials, and electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) is required. Need to be familiar with modern computers and basic user programs. Laboratory teaching experience is highly desirable.
Excellent prospects for personal and professional growth.
Send Resume and 3 References directly to:
Prof. Vinayak P. Dravid Materials Science & Engineering Director, Electron Probe Instrumentation Center (EPIC) 2225 N. Campus Drive, 1133 MLSF Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA Ph.: (847) 467-1363, Fax: (847) 467-6573 E-mail: v-dravid-at-northwestern.edu http://vpd.ms.northwestern.edu http://epic.ms.northwestern.edu **********************************************************
This is my experience with Minolta Scan Multi Pro film scanner. After a couple of months using it I had to adapt the way I take my TEM pictures to the scanner. The reason is that the 8x10cm negatives can't be rotated even using the multi format film holder. And the largest area it can scan is something around 6x9cm. If you are scanning a small area in the negative this in not a problem. But in my case some of the pictures I take is at low mag (less than 5k), and cover almost the entire negative. What I do is choose a magnification that can fit everything of interest in the "scannable" area. About the dynamical range, I still don't see much difference between a negative scanned using the Minolta film scanner or the old Epson tabletop scanner we have (supposed to be 3.0). But maybe it is just a matter of getting used to the new scanner. BTW, if you download the manual of this scanner from Minolta, you will notice in the Specification section a notice about the Dynamical Range, "4.2 (tested value)". Maybe this 4.8 is obtained under some "special" condition. :P
The Nikon one should not be much different, I suppose. :)
Regards,
Carlos
On Thu, 11 Jul 2002, Xinran Liu wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Dear Colleagues, } } I plan to upgrade my film scanner for TEM 3.25x4 in. negatives. } (Currently I am using Microtek ScanMaker 8700 and Agfa Duoscan T2500). I } have located two scanners that fit into my requirement. One is Minolta } Dimage Scan multi Pro, the other one is Nikon Super Coolscan 8000ED. } Minolta scanner has a slightly higher optical resolution (4800 dpi) and } Dynamic range of 4.8. } } Can anybody who has experience with these scanners help me to make a } decision? Thanks a lot. } } Xinran Liu
o-------------------------------------------------------o | Carlos Kazuo Inoki | | Department of Physics - University at Albany | | 1400 Washington Ave.- Albany - NY - 12222 | o-------------------------------------------------------o
I could not imagine the situation when the SAME section will looks dirty in one microscope (does not matter Phillips or not) and perfectly fine in another... Only one explanation: the 'good' microscope is misaligned (sorry EM10) in such degree that you do see practically nothing (the dirty things becomes invisible). I am so sorry for such rude interpretation. I would more believe to the 'worse' microscope and will pay attention to the staining procedure to avoid precipitates.
Sergey
At 09:30 AM 7/11/02, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
_____________________________________
Sergey Ryazantsev Ph. D. Electron Microscopy UCLA School of Medicine Department of Biological Chemistry Box 951737 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737
I used a Philips 201 for a number of years and got great results as long as I did not dwell too long in a particular area or a single grid. However, I always used LN2 whenever I examined or photographed samples because of the issue associated with vacuum contamination. You could place a specimen in the field of view and literally watch the contamination particles form!
The 201 had a mercury/oil diffusion pump and although this may not have been the entire issue, it was a problem. The other issue was the age of the instrument. My question would be: how many filament hours are you getting out of the 201? This is frequently a choice method for determining scope operation and vacuum function.
I have used and am still using a Zeiss EM10CA since purchased new in 1986. In addition to the oil diffusion pump, the scope has twin getter pumps: I always use LN2 when viewing or imaging specimens. I can sit there for 15 minutes and never see contamination. This is true for tissue embedded in LR White, Epon, Epon substitutes, Spurrs, etc. Furthermore, I get an average of 300 hours on Zeiss supplied tungsten filaments: yes, this is true!!
So, Fred, I believe you are correct in your deduction!
Sincerely, Ken
------ Ken Tiekotter, The University of Portland Department of Biology 5000 N. Willamette Blvd. Portland, OR 97203 USA
Director, MicroImaging Center, G50 Legacy Portland Hosptials Legacy Holladay Park Medical Center 1225 NE 2nd Avenue Portland, OR 97232 USA
Tel.: 503-413-5391
On Thu, 11 Jul 2002, Monson, Frederick C. wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } PCan someone please explain why the solutions still concentrate on the stain } and its condition rather than taking the tack that the problem lies with the } Philips scope? } } Fred Monson } } } ---------- } } From: Monson, Frederick C. } } Sent: Wednesday, July 10, 2002 11:28 AM } } To: 'Stefan Geimer' } } Cc: 'List-Microscopy' } } Subject: RE: TEM, Epon sections, problem with "pepper" } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } But do you have the problem with a section that is taken from the Philips } } to } } the Zeiss? } } } } Thanks, } } } } Fred Monson } } } } } ---------- } } } From: Stefan Geimer } } } Sent: Tuesday, July 9, 2002 2:04 PM } } } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } } } Subject: TEM, Epon sections, problem with "pepper" } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } I have the following problem: } } } I am observing Epon sections, stained with uranyl acetate and lead } } } citrate in an Philips EM 201. The sections show a really severe } } } contamination with electron dense grains. These grains are always } } } associated with embedded structures (membranes, microtubules etc.).The } } } problem started after I changed the cathode. The contamination looks } } } kinda like lead-stain granularity and I think it has something to do } } } with the lead. A section stained with uranyl acetate only looks fine } } } (but I need the lead to get enough stain). } } } The crazy thing is that I don´t have the problem when I use our other } } } scope, a Zeiss EM 10. So if I take one of my sections and have a look at } } } it in the Zeiss EM 10, everything is perfect. The same section observed } } } in the Philips EM 201 shows this contamination with electron dense } } } grains. Both scopes operated at comparable conditions (80 kv, cold trap } } } etc.). So the contamination seems to be lead citrate and scope } } } dependend. } } } Anybody ever had that problem and might have an idea how to solve it? } } } } } } Stefan } } } } } } } } } } } } °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° } } } Stefan Geimer } } } MCDB Dept. } } } Yale University } } } P.O. Box 208103 } } } New Haven, CT 06520-8103 } } } U.S.A. } } } } } } Tel.: 203/432-3473 } } } Fax.: 203/432-6210 } } } } } } e-mail: stefan.geimer-at-yale.edu } } } °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } }
i wonder if there are people out there who already possess the improved Inlens detector for the LEO Gemini 15xx or the Zeiss DSM 982.
According to their sales people, the detection efficiency was increased by 250 .. 300% and the new the detector material is supposed to be "radian hard" ... so far that is what they told us - Sounds to good to be true?
We would like to get hold of comparable user-image material which shows the same sample observed a)with your old and b)with the improved Inlens detector. (... parameter's like acquisition time, detector settings and so on should be provided if possible)
"Any" thougths, suggestions and experiences are welcome!
Dear Group - what would be the best procedure to prep a copper TEM grid with nanoparticles? What glue or adhesive would you suggest? I'm actually using a STEM holder (to get TEM image) on a SEM. Thanks Barb
New York Microscopical Society 30 North Mountain Avenue Montclair, NJ 07042
Bernard Friedman Memorial Workshop
Use of the Microscope September 21, 28, October 5, 12, 2002
A basic course on light microscopy which will cover the following topics: Theory of microscopy Kohler Illumination Diffraction Theory Contrast Methods Polarized light Phase Contrast Interference . . . . Hoffman contrast, Rheinberg, Dark-field & oblique Illumination, etc.
The workshop will consist of four consecutive Saturdays of lectures and hands on labs to cover the theoretical and practical aspects of microscopy. The course instructors include Jan Hinsch of Leica, Inc., Dennis O’Leary of Micro-Optical Methods, Mary McCann of McCann Imaging, John Reffner of SensIR Technologies, Inc. and N.Y.M.S. Instructor Don O'Leary.
WHEN: September 21, 28, October 5, 12, 2002 from 10 A.M. to 4 P.M.
WHERE: 30 N. Mountain Avenue, Montclair, NJ, Phone (973) 744-0043 ( parking available, accessible by public transportation. Information on car pools and transportation will be provided.)
COST: $325 for N.Y.M.S. members, $355 for non-members (includes membership) Lunch and course materials are included. Checks made out to N.Y.M.S.
WHO: Beginners and experienced users who wish to learn more about the proper use of a microscope.
HOW: Register using the form below. Limited to the first 12 registrants. Send form to Don O'Leary, 6 Chittenden Road, Fair Lawn, NJ 07410.
FURTHER INFORMATION: Call D. O'Leary (201) 797 -8849 E-mail donoleary-at-worldnet.att.net Fax (425) 988-1415
PLEASE POST ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- Registration Form Use of the Microscope 2002
Timing is sometimes NOT everything, BUT in this case it was a fault. My apology for the timing of my general question which was directed generally BUT in time appeared as a direct response to Garry's suggestion.
In any case, for those who address my question, including Garry, I appreciate the discussion and the enlightenment from those who have spent much more time in the driver's seat than I.
I often pose questions in a way that can cause others to bristle, but my questions are only intended to seek an answer. You see, I'm not certain what 'peppering' even refers to when one is discussing artifact on a 60-90nm section. I know that if I have such a problem a year from now that I will take the grid to the SEM to try to determine whether the contamination is in or on the section. On the other hand, if nothing else counts in this business, experience does, and I listen most intently to those with experience when they speak.
Respectfully yours,
Fred Monson
} ---------- } From: Garry Burgess } Sent: Thursday, July 11, 2002 12:30 PM } To: 'Monson, Frederick C.'; 'List-Microscopy' } Subject: RE: ???TEM, Epon sections, problem with "pepper" } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } The reason why I took this position is because I have sometimes seen } peppering as a result of faulty staining technique with lead citrate. I } have not see this sort of "peppering" as a result of microscope } contamination. In the case of microscope contamination, it shows more as } a } general density increase over a specific area of the grid....like a burn. } } That said, I've never used a Philips EM, but I have used Jeol 1010, } Hitachi } 7000, AEI 6B and AEI 801, Zeiss 109, and a Zeiss 10CR and an old Zeiss 9 I } believe. In my 18 years of experience, I've never seen peppering as a } result of a microscope contamination. It doesn't mean that it can't } happen, } just that in my experience, I haven't seen it. I can only talk about what } I've seen, or haven't seen. } } } PCan someone please explain why the solutions still concentrate on the } stain } and its condition rather than taking the tack that the problem lies with } the } Philips scope? } } Fred Monson } } } ---------- } } From: Monson, Frederick C. } } Sent: Wednesday, July 10, 2002 11:28 AM } } To: 'Stefan Geimer' } } Cc: 'List-Microscopy' } } Subject: RE: TEM, Epon sections, problem with "pepper" } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } But do you have the problem with a section that is taken from the } Philips } } to } } the Zeiss? } } } } Thanks, } } } } Fred Monson } } } } } ---------- } } } From: Stefan Geimer } } } Sent: Tuesday, July 9, 2002 2:04 PM } } } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } } } Subject: TEM, Epon sections, problem with "pepper" } } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } I have the following problem: } } } I am observing Epon sections, stained with uranyl acetate and lead } } } citrate in an Philips EM 201. The sections show a really severe } } } contamination with electron dense grains. These grains are always } } } associated with embedded structures (membranes, microtubules etc.).The } } } problem started after I changed the cathode. The contamination looks } } } kinda like lead-stain granularity and I think it has something to do } } } with the lead. A section stained with uranyl acetate only looks fine } } } (but I need the lead to get enough stain). } } } The crazy thing is that I don´t have the problem when I use our other } } } scope, a Zeiss EM 10. So if I take one of my sections and have a look } at } } } it in the Zeiss EM 10, everything is perfect. The same section } observed } } } in the Philips EM 201 shows this contamination with electron dense } } } grains. Both scopes operated at comparable conditions (80 kv, cold } trap } } } etc.). So the contamination seems to be lead citrate and scope } } } dependend. } } } Anybody ever had that problem and might have an idea how to solve it? } } } } } } Stefan } } } } } } } } } } } } °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° } } } Stefan Geimer } } } MCDB Dept. } } } Yale University } } } P.O. Box 208103 } } } New Haven, CT 06520-8103 } } } U.S.A. } } } } } } Tel.: 203/432-3473 } } } Fax.: 203/432-6210 } } } } } } e-mail: stefan.geimer-at-yale.edu } } } °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } }
Assuming you really do mean nano particles and not micron sized then just drop them onto a carbon support filmed Cu grid and they will usually stick. Larger particles will tend to come off or charge and fly off but most nano and 10s of nanometre particles will be OK. Of course if they are magnetic the field might strip them off and if they are non conductive charging will be worse etc.
The alternative is to suspend them (in ethanol) and drop a drop of it onto the carbon support grid resting on a filter paper. They will also usually stick but beware of contaminating the surface by using dirty pipette, alcohol etc. Nothing should be stored in plastic and wash the utensils before use then you should be OK.
Good luck, Ron
On Fri, 12 Jul 2002 11:20:10 -0400 Barbara Maloney {bmalon01-at-fiu.edu} wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Dear Group - what would be the best procedure to prep a copper TEM grid } with nanoparticles? What glue or adhesive would you suggest? I'm } actually using a STEM holder (to get TEM image) on a SEM. } Thanks } Barb } }
---------------------- Mr. R.C. Doole Department of Materials, University of Oxford. Parks Road, Oxford. OX1 3PH. UK. Phone +44 (0) 1865 273701 Fax +44 (0) 1865 283333 ron.doole-at-materials.ox.ac.uk
Many thanks to all who replied to my question about removing cell membranes for SEM! Lots of leads, references, and a couple complete protocols to keep me busy for awhile.
What a great list!
Randy
Randy Tindall EM Specialist Electron Microscopy Core Facility W122 Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211 Tel: (573) 882-8304 Fax: (573) 884-5414 Email: tindallr-at-missouri.edu Web: http://www.biotech.missouri.edu/emc/
primary application is imaging of Pt coated (2-3nm) resist lines of 100nm and less. standard scope parameters under 100,000x have been 10kv spot2. now find that i must run at 20-30kv to image clearly, and image degrades over time (as little as ½ hour). FEI boosted µA to 334 and performed alignments. what amazes me is that i am no longer damaging my samples. its as if the beam lacks the "oomph" to bend over the lines like it used to at even 10kv. is this a "beam density" issue?
Mark Riggs SEM Metrology ASML, Wilton, CT mark.riggs-at-asml.com ph:203-761-6856 lab:203-761-4403
We have a TMC MICRO-g Vibration Isolation System Model # 65-17171-01 that we wish to sell. The platform is 86" wide by 71" deep with a seating cut out that is -at- 30" wide narrowing down to 12" and is about 38" deep. System has 4 isolation feet. With the feet, it requires an area that is 97" x 82". The weight of unit is between 2200 - 2500 lbs. Asking $4,000.00 or best offer plus shipping and handling charges. Interested parties should contact
Joe Goodhouse Confocal / EM Core Laboratory Manager Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University 609-258-5432 jgoodhouse-at-molbio.princeton.edu
Visit us at http://www.molbio.princeton.edu/facility/confocal/index.html
I have a question: With TEM how can I be sure that the feature I am looking at is/are dislocation(s)? Can you suggest any reading on dislocation imaging..Thanks
Aman Haque
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Aman Haque Dept of Mechanical & Industrial Engg University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
Dopes anyone have a FEI Quanta working that s/he would talk to me about on the QT?
Sure would appreciate the info.
Thanks all and have a nice weekend,
Fred
Frederick C. Monson, PhD Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging Schmucker II Science Center West Chester University South Church Street and Rosedale West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 Phone: 610-738-0437 FAX: 610-738-0437 fmonson-at-wcupa.edu CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/
Dislocations have very specific visibility criteria in a TEM, which are basically determined by their burgers vector. I am not close to my TEM books right now, so I can't be more specific, but I am sure there are other people here who are very familiar with dislocations. To read more about dislocations and TEM, I would suggest to take a look at Sir Peter Hirsch's book . I think, it's called "Electron Microscopy of Thin Crystals".
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: mdhaque [mailto:mdhaque-at-students.uiuc.edu] Sent: Friday, July 12, 2002 1:13 PM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Hi,
I have a question: With TEM how can I be sure that the feature I am looking at is/are dislocation(s)? Can you suggest any reading on dislocation imaging..Thanks
Aman Haque
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Aman Haque Dept of Mechanical & Industrial Engg University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
Yes, Steve, the much higher absorption coefficient for FE prevents the very soft Boron X-rays from being emitted from FeB2 in sufficient quantity to be detected.
Ron Vane XEI Scientific
-----Original Message----- } From: Steven Celotto {s.celotto-at-liverpool.ac.uk} Cc: Microscopy Society of America {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com}
Another book that you might want to look at is Williams and Carter's book, Transmission Electron Microscopy. It is available from Plenum.
One slick method to determine the Burgers vector of a dislocation is to set up a multi-beam convergent beam diffraction pattern (e.g. three beams) with the beams at or very nearly at the exact Bragg condition and place the spot over the dislocation. You also have to have dynamical diffraction conditions so that you can see the HOLZ lines in the disks. If you don't see the HOLZ lines, then lower the voltage of the microscope. You will see that there are nodes in the HOLZ lines that appear to split the lines. If you know the g for a HOLZ line, the number of nodes in the line tells you the value of g dot b for that g (e.g. g * b=1,2,3,etc.). With three such disks, you have three equations and three unknowns and you can determine b from one pattern without the need to tilt the sample to other orientations to find g dot b = 0 conditions where the dislocation will disappear. See Spence and Zuo's book, Electron Microdiffraction, also available from Plenum.
If you use the tilting to find two-beam conditions where the dislocation disappears, two such g dot b =0 conditions, where the g's are not collinear, will give you b because it is mutually perpendicular to both g's.
-Scott
Scott D. Walck, Ph.D. PPG Industries, Inc. Glass Technology Center P. O. Box 11472 (letters) Guys Run Rd. (packages) Pittsburgh, PA 15238-0472
Walck-at-PPG.com
(412) 820-8651 (office) (412) 820-8515 (fax)
-----Original Message----- } From: Mike Bode [mailto:mb-at-Soft-Imaging.com] Sent: Friday, July 12, 2002 7:18 PM To: 'Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com'
Dislocations have very specific visibility criteria in a TEM, which are basically determined by their burgers vector. I am not close to my TEM books right now, so I can't be more specific, but I am sure there are other people here who are very familiar with dislocations. To read more about dislocations and TEM, I would suggest to take a look at Sir Peter Hirsch's book . I think, it's called "Electron Microscopy of Thin Crystals".
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: mdhaque [mailto:mdhaque-at-students.uiuc.edu] Sent: Friday, July 12, 2002 1:13 PM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Hi,
I have a question: With TEM how can I be sure that the feature I am looking at is/are dislocation(s)? Can you suggest any reading on dislocation imaging..Thanks
Aman Haque
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Aman Haque Dept of Mechanical & Industrial Engg University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
.. And let's not forget Hull and Bacon, "Introduction to Dislocations" from Pergamon Press. And I think, there's also information in L. Reimer, "Transmission Electron Microscopy" from Springer.
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Walck, Scott D. [mailto:walck-at-ppg.com] Sent: Friday, July 12, 2002 7:25 PM To: Microscopy (E-mail) Cc: 'Mike Bode'
-- [ From: Garber, Charles A. * EMC.Ver #3.1 ] --
The following news item was in the July 13-14, 2002 International Herald Tribune, sandwiched between articles about Enron and Worldcom:
SEMICONDUCTOR BUY: Veeco Instruments, Inc. said it would purchase FEI Co., a maker of gear for the semiconductor industry, for $1 billion in stock in a deal that would make it the sixth-largest U. S. maker of chip-manufacturing equipment.
The acquisition is the latest in a string of acquisitions by Veeco, a maker of precision instruments and electronic testing products, and signals further consolidation in the semiconductor equipment market.
The purchase will give Veeco a larger presence in the business of microscopic measurement systems used to make semiconductors, data storage devices and other electronic products.
The Amsterdam-based Philips Electronics NV, the largest holder of FEI shares with a 25% stake, will own about 15% of the combined company, a spokesman said.
Reuters, Bloomberg
I thought at least some members of this listserver would find this information quite interesting. We might also pause and ask whether this kind of consolidation is positive, negative, or neutral for the future our industry and market place.
Chuck
============================================
Charles A. Garber, Ph. D. Ph: 1-610-436-5400 President 1-800-2424-SPI SPI SUPPLIES FAX: 1-610-436-5755 PO BOX 656 e-mail:cgarber-at-2spi.com West Chester, PA 19381-0656 USA Cust.Service: spi2spi-at-2spi.com
Look for us! ######################## WWW: http://www.2spi.com ######################## ============================================
Sorry to post this but we have been having troubles posting and it may be fixed now. So I am sending this as my staff have nothing actually to post at the moment.
~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~- Darryn Capes-Davis BE IT Manager Children's Medical Research Institute 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead, NSW 2145 Australia Tel. +61 2 9687 2800 Fax +61 2 9687 2120 Email dcapes-davis-at-cmri.usyd.edu.au ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-
The exhaustive treatment of the "classical", two beam diffraction contrast of dislocations in TEM is contained in the book of A.K.Head, P.Humble, L.M.Clarebrough, A.J.Morton and C.T.Forwood on "Computed electron micrographs and defect identification". On the ground of the minimum theoretical knowledge that any electron microscopist has to hold, it is presented in all details, computer codes in Fortran included, the method that can generate by computation the "classical" contrast of a rectilinear dislocation and a complex of two dislocations and three stacking faults. There are in use such computer programs, commercial and free ones, that either are applying the codes given in that book or are providing more advanced treatment dealing with the same problem. It is surprising to see that the old "classical" knowledge of the diffraction contrast interpretation has faded away during the HRTEM offensive and that the necessity of looking back to the "simple" two beam diffraction contrast is more and more a request.
Corneliu Sarbu, PhD Department of Metallurgy and Applied Materials Science (MTM Dept.) Catholic University of Leuven (KULeuven) Kasteelpark ARENBERG nr. 44 B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium **************************************************************** Phone: +32-16-32.1241 - office +32-16-32.1264 - secretary of department Fax: +32-16-32.1992 or +32-16-32.1270 e-mail: Corneliu.Sarbu-at-mtm.kuleuven.ac.be ****************************************************************
At 14:13 12/07/02 -0500, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
I suspect history will repeat itself yet again. The two other EM manufacturers that come to mind that sold because of their semiconductor production products are ETEC and Amray.
ETEC's SEM business quietly folded twenty years ago, just a couple of years after being sold to Perkin-Elmer primarily because of their electron beam lithography products. ETEC was the original American SEM manufacturer, had major market share here for years and put out a fine instrument. But, in the end, sold out entirely to a manufacturer who wanted to augment their optical stepper line of lithography equipment with the electron beam mask makers from ETEC.
Amray's history in this regard is probably recent enough that most here have at least heard some of it. While they have not pulled completely out of the general EM business, what steps they have taken would seem to point to their long term commitment to.
In both cases, customers were hurt. Not just by the loss of the manufacturers, but also by the way their EM businesses were casually tossed aside. Perhaps, this time, someone will at least make an effort to make it painless for their current customers. I hesitate to think that anyone would actually consider making an effort to maintain and improve their general EM business, or spin it off as a separate division or company.
Given FEI's broader base of EM instruments, perhaps it will happen. I wouldn't bet on it though.
There, a gauntlet thrown down to anyone from Veeco who may be reading this. Please prove me wrong and keep this business going. You have a lot of very loyal customers out there.
As far as whether such change is good, bad or indifferent, I think it's just natural. Over the last few decades we've seen EM emerge from the research labs to applications that intersect virtually every industry. The growth of electron beam instruments has branched in many, often overlaying, directions. This provides opportunities for some companies that can pio neer new applications - applications that can often prove more profitable.
The good news is that EM has become such a pervasive and useful set of technologies. Add to that the relatively high profit margin for manufacturer's (particularly those just starting out), and you have a formula for a constantly competitive environment. The more the industry tries to consolidate, I believe, the more new manufacturer's we'll see. The unfortunate thing is trying to keep up with all the name changes.
(A little disclaimer might be in order here. As many of you know, I am a rather outspoken third-party service provider for EM and other instruments. I never particularly liked the corporate environment of Philips in general, but they have apparently done a very good job of keeping their customers satisfied. In over twenty years of business, I have yet to work on one of their instruments, and that's very rare. They've done a good job, and I hate to see the good ones go.)
Allen R. Sampson Advanced Research Systems 317 North 4th. Street St. Charles, Illinois 60174
On Saturday, July 13, 2002 11:03 PM, Garber, Charles A. [SMTP:cgarber-at-2spi.com] wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } -- [ From: Garber, Charles A. * EMC.Ver #3.1 ] -- } } The following news item was in the July 13-14, 2002 International Herald } Tribune, sandwiched between articles about Enron and Worldcom: } } SEMICONDUCTOR BUY: } Veeco Instruments, Inc. said it would purchase FEI Co., a maker of gear for } the semiconductor industry, for $1 billion in stock in a deal that would } make it the sixth-largest U. S. maker of chip-manufacturing equipment. } } The acquisition is the latest in a string of acquisitions by Veeco, a maker } of precision instruments and electronic testing products, and signals } further consolidation in the semiconductor equipment market. } } The purchase will give Veeco a larger presence in the business of } microscopic measurement systems used to make semiconductors, data storage } devices and other electronic products. } } The Amsterdam-based Philips Electronics NV, the largest holder of FEI shares } with a 25% stake, will own about 15% of the combined company, a spokesman } said. } } Reuters, Bloomberg } } } I thought at least some members of this listserver would find this } information quite interesting. We might also pause and ask whether this } kind of consolidation is positive, negative, or neutral for the future our } industry and market place. } } Chuck } } ============================================ } } Charles A. Garber, Ph. D. Ph: 1-610-436-5400 } President 1-800-2424-SPI } SPI SUPPLIES FAX: 1-610-436-5755 } PO BOX 656 e-mail:cgarber-at-2spi.com } West Chester, PA 19381-0656 USA } Cust.Service: spi2spi-at-2spi.com } } Look for us! } ######################## } WWW: http://www.2spi.com } ######################## } ============================================ } } } }
Amray is still alive and kicking. Even that they are part of KLA-Tencor. The difference with them is that they no longer support thermionic systems--just 305FE Schottky gun systems. Since this is the same gun used in the KLA CD-SEM systems, my hope is that SEM support will continue for some time. I believe that KLA made a major strategic blunder by exiting the general purpose SEM market in favor of the high cost CD-SEMs. These giant systems are all over the place at auctions and bone yards now as the semi market has taken a nose dive. On the other hand I don't see many used SEMs of any type come up for sale at the rate of CD-SEMs. If KLA had kept the service going for the non-FESEMs, they would have had a nice cash flow instead of a loss.
They do not make lab SEMs any more. But the do service the existing FESEMs. That is better than nothing. Mine is very reliable and rarely needs service. Mostly, it is cleaning and aperture replacement, and holder cleaning. I've heard that all of the SEM technology is moving from MA to CA. Perhaps parts supply will stay in MA. I'm not sure what the motivation of this action is, but hopefully it will work out.
I'm working on a new XL-30 Sirion and am impressed by how nicely it is built. But for me, the Amray is much easier to use. Fast and efficient. Nice balance of computer control and user interface. Probably just a personal preference.
Let's see what happens. You can bet that if the manufacturers suffer economically, we users will too.
gary g.
At 01:56 PM 7/14/2002, you wrote:
} I suspect history will repeat itself yet again. The two other EM } manufacturers that come to mind that sold because of their semiconductor } production products are ETEC and Amray. } } ETEC's SEM business quietly folded twenty years ago, just a couple of years } after being sold to Perkin-Elmer primarily because of their electron beam } lithography products. ETEC was the original American SEM manufacturer, had } major market share here for years and put out a fine instrument. But, in } the end, sold out entirely to a manufacturer who wanted to augment their } optical stepper line of lithography equipment with the electron beam mask } makers from ETEC. } } Amray's history in this regard is probably recent enough that most here } have at least heard some of it. While they have not pulled completely out } of the general EM business, what steps they have taken would seem to point } to their long term commitment to. } } In both cases, customers were hurt. Not just by the loss of the } manufacturers, but also by the way their EM businesses were casually tossed } aside. Perhaps, this time, someone will at least make an effort to make it } painless for their current customers. I hesitate to think that anyone } would actually consider making an effort to maintain and improve their } general EM business, or spin it off as a separate division or company. } } Given FEI's broader base of EM instruments, perhaps it will happen. I } wouldn't bet on it though. } } There, a gauntlet thrown down to anyone from Veeco who may be reading this. } Please prove me wrong and keep this business going. You have a lot of } very loyal customers out there. } } As far as whether such change is good, bad or indifferent, I think it's } just natural. Over the last few decades we've seen EM emerge from the } research labs to applications that intersect virtually every industry. The } growth of electron beam instruments has branched in many, often overlaying, } directions. This provides opportunities for some companies that can pio } neer new applications - applications that can often prove more profitable. } } The good news is that EM has become such a pervasive and useful set of } technologies. Add to that the relatively high profit margin for } manufacturer's (particularly those just starting out), and you have a } formula for a constantly competitive environment. The more the industry } tries to consolidate, I believe, the more new manufacturer's we'll see. } The unfortunate thing is trying to keep up with all the name changes. } } (A little disclaimer might be in order here. As many of you know, I am a } rather outspoken third-party service provider for EM and other instruments. } I never particularly liked the corporate environment of Philips in } general, but they have apparently done a very good job of keeping their } customers satisfied. In over twenty years of business, I have yet to work } on one of their instruments, and that's very rare. They've done a good } job, and I hate to see the good ones go.) } } } Allen R. Sampson } Advanced Research Systems } 317 North 4th. Street } St. Charles, Illinois 60174 } } phone (630) 513-7093 fax (630) 513-7092 http://www.sem.com } } } On Saturday, July 13, 2002 11:03 PM, Garber, Charles A. } [SMTP:cgarber-at-2spi.com] wrote: } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } -- [ From: Garber, Charles A. * EMC.Ver #3.1 ] -- } } } } The following news item was in the July 13-14, 2002 International Herald } } Tribune, sandwiched between articles about Enron and Worldcom: } } } } SEMICONDUCTOR BUY: } } Veeco Instruments, Inc. said it would purchase FEI Co., a maker of gear } for } } the semiconductor industry, for $1 billion in stock in a deal that would } } make it the sixth-largest U. S. maker of chip-manufacturing equipment. } } } } The acquisition is the latest in a string of acquisitions by Veeco, a } maker } } of precision instruments and electronic testing products, and signals } } further consolidation in the semiconductor equipment market. } } } } The purchase will give Veeco a larger presence in the business of } } microscopic measurement systems used to make semiconductors, data storage } } devices and other electronic products. } } } } The Amsterdam-based Philips Electronics NV, the largest holder of FEI } shares } } with a 25% stake, will own about 15% of the combined company, a spokesman } } said. } } } } Reuters, Bloomberg } } } } } } I thought at least some members of this listserver would find this } } information quite interesting. We might also pause and ask whether this } } kind of consolidation is positive, negative, or neutral for the future } our } } industry and market place. } } } } Chuck } } } } ============================================ } } } } Charles A. Garber, Ph. D. Ph: 1-610-436-5400 } } President 1-800-2424-SPI } } SPI SUPPLIES FAX: 1-610-436-5755 } } PO BOX 656 e-mail:cgarber-at-2spi.com } } West Chester, PA 19381-0656 USA } } Cust.Service: spi2spi-at-2spi.com } } } } Look for us! } } ######################## } } WWW: http://www.2spi.com } } ######################## } } ============================================ } } } } } } } }
One of our EM users is likely to need a heart pacemaker soon. Just to make sure, we'd like to ask if there are any known problems associated with pacemakers operating in the vicinity of TEMs and SEMs?
There are several variants in pacemakers. I worked on them back when in the early models, fixed rate type [RCA/Cordis]. However, I would suggest to the EM/TEM user that he consult the mfg. on the specific type he has and its' precautions. If I'm not mistaken some have radio transmitters embedded for remote monitoring purposes. EMP [Electromagnetic Pulse] is an issue but I assume you aren't working on weapons systems or susceptibility of weapons systems. From an operators perspective, just turning knobs and focusing, I can't think of a reason why operating either instrument should be a problem.
Peter Tomic Anadigics, Inc.
-----Original Message----- } From: Sally Stowe [mailto:stowe-at-rsbs.anu.edu.au] Sent: Sunday, July 14, 2002 6:34 PM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
One of our EM users is likely to need a heart pacemaker soon. Just to make sure, we'd like to ask if there are any known problems associated with pacemakers operating in the vicinity of TEMs and SEMs?
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We have a TMC MICRO-g Vibration Isolation System Model # 65-17171-01 that we wish to sell. The platform is 86" wide by 71" deep with a seating cut out that is -at- 30" wide narrowing down to 12" and is about 38" deep. System has 4 isolation feet. With the feet, it requires an area that is 97" x 82". The weight of unit is between 2200 - 2500 lbs. Asking $4,000.00 or best offer plus shipping and handling charges. Interested parties should contact
Joe Goodhouse Confocal / EM Core Laboratory Manager Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University 609-258-5432 jgoodhouse-at-molbio.princeton.edu
Visit us at http://www.molbio.princeton.edu/facility/confocal/index.html
} } } Yes, Steve, the much higher absorption coefficient for FE } prevents the very } soft Boron X-rays from being emitted from FeB2 in sufficient } quantity to be } detected. } } Ron Vane } XEI Scientific } } -----Original Message----- } } From: Steven Celotto {s.celotto-at-liverpool.ac.uk} } Cc: Microscopy Society of America {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} } Date: Wednesday, July 10, 2002 10:21 PM } Subject: Re: Carbon Quantitation by EDX } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------- } ----------- } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy } Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } ------------------------------------------------------------- } ----------. } } } } } } I am curious to hear the answer to this question from } Jacques and I have } } something to add. } } Once I performed EDS analyses on a sample of BC particles on } C film in } order to } } test a new EDS analysis system installed on a new FEG 200KeV } TEM. After } selecting } } the correct time constant in the EDS software I could get nice } distinguishable C } } and B peaks. Later I tried doing a similar EDS analysis on large FeB2 } particles in } } } } a Fe matrix. I mention large here to stress that the } particles went through } the } } specimen foil so most of the X-rays were being emitted } directly from the } particles } } } } without passing through the Fe matrix before reaching the } detector. I never } saw } } even a hint of a B peak. These ppts should have contained 33at%B. } } Was I doing something wrong or is that an indication of how } easily boron } X-rays } } are absorbed within a sample containing large z atoms? } } } } Faerber Jacques wrote: } } } } } } -------------------------------------------------------------- } ---------- } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy } Society of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } } -------------------------------------------------------------- } ---------. } } } } } } Hi all } } } } } } In the same idee, what about mesurements on boron carbide } ? Carbon AND } } } boron concentrations ! I see nice spectras, without } anything else ( a bit } } } O, some times Al and N). And I have variations between } samples in the B/C } } } ratio. In such a case can I mesure only ratio variation, or is it } possible } } } to try some quantification (with standards). The sample is bulk B4C } } } and laser ablation thick layers (with dropplets). Primary } energy 3 to 5 } } } keV. } } } } } } I think it's a bit pretentious to quantify. What is } other's opinion ? } } } } } } J. Faerber } } } IPCMS-GSI } } } (Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg } } } Groupe Surface et Interfaces) } } } 23, rue de Loess } } } 67037 Strasbourg CEDEX } } } France } } } } } } Tel 00 33(0)3 88 10 71 01 } } } Fax 00 33(0)0 88 10 72 48 } } } E-mail Jacques.Faerber-at-ipcms.u-strasbg.fr } } } } } } On Tue, 9 Jul 2002, Ronald Vane wrote: } } } } } } } } } -------------------------------------------------------------- } ---------- } } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America } } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } } } } -------------------------------------------------------------- } ---------. } } } } } } } } } } } } Dear Chris and all: } } } } } } } } Quantitative analysis of Carbon by EDX is nearly } impossible because of } the } } } } very shallow penetration depth of the Carbon X-rays. You } really just } measure } } } } the surface. Surface analysis techniques such as XPS and } Auger also } show } } } } that thin carbon films love to form on surfaces. If you } have an XPS you } use } } } } your ion gun to sputter off the carbon surface scum to } see the real } surface. } } } } } } } } Dry ashing in a plasma cleaner can also remove the carbon surface } layer. } } } } Sputter etching can be used to remove gold and silver coatings. } } } } } } } } Ron Vane } } } } XEI Scientific } } } } 3124 Wessex Way, Redwood City, CA 94061 } } } } 650-369-0133 } } } } www.SEMCLEAN.com } } } } } } } } Note: XEI Scientific makes the EVACTRON plasma cleaning } system for } Electron } } } } Microscope Chambers and FIBs, but does not make desk top } plasma dry } ashers } } } } or sputter etchers. } } } } } } } } -----Original Message----- } } } } } From: Chris Peppiatt {chris.peppiatt-at-nuigalway.ie} } } } } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} } } } } Date: Monday, July 08, 2002 3:22 PM } } } } Subject: Carbon Quantitation by EDX } } } } } } } } } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------- } ----------- } } } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America } } } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } } } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------- } ----------. } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } Dear All, } } } } } } } } } } Someone has asked me to do some work for them on } mineral specimens. } The } } } } } samples will be mounted in resin and polished and we } will then coat } with } } } } } carbon. Obviously we will set our software to } deconvolute carbon from } the } } } } } analyses. We have the option to coat samples with either gold or } silver and } } } } } then look at the carbon content. I suppose the } questions I would like } to } } } } } have answered are: } } } } } } } } } } (1) Heavy elements like gold or silver will absorb some } of the light } } } } } element (inc. carbon) X-rays when used as coatings. Is } there any way } of } } } } } correcting for this to get an accurate quantitative } analysis of carbon } } } } content? } } } } } } } } } } (2) Is there any way of removing either gold/silver or } carbon coatings } from } } } } } such samples except for the obvious method of } regrinding/polishing the } } } } } coating off? } } } } } } } } } } Thanks in advance. } } } } } } } } } } Regards, } } } } } } } } } } Chris Peppiatt } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } ============================================ } } } } } Dr. Chris Peppiatt (Experimental Officer), } } } } } The National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, } } } } } Science & Engineering Technology Building, } } } } } National University of Ireland Galway, } } } } } Galway City, Co. Galway, } } } } } Republic of Ireland. } } } } } chris.peppiatt-at-nuigalway.ie } } } } } Phone: +353 91 512157 Fax: +353 91 750596 } } } } } ============================================= } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } -- } } Dr. Steven Celotto } } Department of Engineering } } Materials Science & Engineering } } University of Liverpool } } Brownlow Hill } } Liverpool L69 3BX } } UNITED KINGDOM } } } } Telephone (UK) 0151-794-4692 (Int.) +44-151-794-4692 } } Fax. (UK) 0151-794-4675 (Int.) +44-151-794-4675 } } email: s.celotto-at-liv.ac.uk } } } } } } } } } } }
Your posting reminded me of the software available at the MSA/MAS library. There is a public domain software program that is called "oneDis" (I think) that will simulate the image of a dislocation after providing the program with the imaging parameters. I would recommend that you donwload the software and "play" with it to learn what dislocations look like at different imaging conditions. It is quite useful and it will help with the original question that was posted.
You can get to the EMMPDL library from the MSA website. Here are instructions that I copied
EMMPDL - MASLIB - Mac & PC Shareware Libraries at Argonne National Laboratory. The following FTP Site give you access to these Software Libraries. Access is by anonymous Login:
Host : WWW.AMC.ANL.GOV or the mirror site WWW.MSA.Microscopy.Com
Login: Username = Anonymous Password = Your Email Address
-Scott
Scott D. Walck, Ph.D. PPG Industries, Inc. Glass Technology Center P. O. Box 11472 (letters) Guys Run Rd. (packages) Pittsburgh, PA 15238-0472
Walck-at-PPG.com
(412) 820-8651 (office) (412) 820-8515 (fax)
-----Original Message----- } From: Corneliu Sarbu [mailto:Corneliu.Sarbu-at-mtm.kuleuven.ac.be] Sent: Sunday, July 14, 2002 1:31 PM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
The exhaustive treatment of the "classical", two beam diffraction contrast of dislocations in TEM is contained in the book of A.K.Head, P.Humble, L.M.Clarebrough, A.J.Morton and C.T.Forwood on "Computed electron micrographs and defect identification". On the ground of the minimum theoretical knowledge that any electron microscopist has to hold, it is presented in all details, computer codes in Fortran included, the method that can generate by computation the "classical" contrast of a rectilinear dislocation and a complex of two dislocations and three stacking faults. There are in use such computer programs, commercial and free ones, that either are applying the codes given in that book or are providing more advanced treatment dealing with the same problem. It is surprising to see that the old "classical" knowledge of the diffraction contrast interpretation has faded away during the HRTEM offensive and that the necessity of looking back to the "simple" two beam diffraction contrast is more and more a request.
Corneliu Sarbu, PhD Department of Metallurgy and Applied Materials Science (MTM Dept.) Catholic University of Leuven (KULeuven) Kasteelpark ARENBERG nr. 44 B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium **************************************************************** Phone: +32-16-32.1241 - office +32-16-32.1264 - secretary of department Fax: +32-16-32.1992 or +32-16-32.1270 e-mail: Corneliu.Sarbu-at-mtm.kuleuven.ac.be ****************************************************************
At 14:13 12/07/02 -0500, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Title: Optical Microscopy and Imaging in the Biomedical Sciences
When: October 9 - October 18, 2002
Where: Marine Biology Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
Tuition: $2200 (Includes room and board, text, handouts, supplies)
Application Deadline: July 25, 2002
Admission application and information: Carol Hamel, Admissions Coordinator Marine Biological Laboratory 7 MBL Street Woods Hole, MA 02543-1015 (508) 289-7401 Internet: admissions-at-mbl.edu WWW: http://www.mbl.edu (Application forms available via Adobe Acrobat)
Course Director: Colin S. Izzard, State University of New York -at- Albany Phone: [518] 442 - 4367 EMail: csizzard-at-csc.albany.edu
Course Description:
For Whom: Designed primarily for research scientists, physicians, postdoctoral trainees and advanced graduate students in animal, plant, medical and material sciences. Non-biologists seeking a comprehensive introduction to microscopy and video-imaging will benefit greatly from this course as well. There are no specific prerequisites, but an understanding of the basic principles of optics is desirable. Limited to 24 students.
The eight day course consists of lectures, laboratory demonstrations, exercises and discussions that will enable the participant to obtain and interpret microscope images of high quality, to perform quantitative optical
measurements, and to produce photographic and video records for documentation and analysis.
Topics to be covered include: principles of microscope design and image formation bright field, dark field, phase contrast, polarized light, differential interference contrast, interference reflection, and fluorescence microscopy confocal scanning microscopy, multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy and image deconvolution digital image restoration and 3-D reconstruction video imaging, recording, enhancement, and intensification analog and digital image processing and analysis fluorescent probes and ratiometric-imaging laser tweezers and laser scissors
Applications to live cells will be emphasized; other specimens will be covered as well.
Students will have direct hands-on experience with state-of-the-art microscopes, video and digital cameras, recorders and image processing equipment provided by major optical and electronics companies. Instruction will be provided by experienced staff from universities and industry.
STUDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO BRING THEIR OWN BIOLOGICAL (PRIMARY CULTURES, CELL LINES, PREPARED SLIDES, ETC.) AND MATERIAL SPECIMENS AND TO USE THEM FOR COURSE EXERCISES, WHERE APPROPRIATE. Cell culture facilities are available. Students are highly encouraged to discuss individual research problems with the academic and commercial faculty.
For faculty list and additional information, see: http://www.mbl.edu
} Hmm--- strictly, any } processing *at all* corrupts the primary image data.
Looking at something corrupts it's nature and asking a question about it eliminates other perpectives. Cats, electrons and trees falling in the forest are all phenomena that illustrate the point that detection of absolute truth is inherently flawed.
____________________________________________________________________________ Michael Cammer Analytical Imaging Facility Albert Einstein Coll. of Med. Jack & Pearl Resnick Campus 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY 10461 (718) 430-2890 Fax: 430-8996 URL: http://www.aecom.yu.edu/aif/
Then by all means, let us stop looking and asking questions lest we corrupt truth...
----- Original Message ----- } From: Michael Cammer {cammer-at-aecom.yu.edu}
Greetings all,
I routinely have to look at semiconductor devices from top down for failure analysis. All has been fine with our images until we started imaging with our new microscope.
To give some background, what we are looking at is aluminum metal lines with tungsten interconnects standing proud of the aluminum. When we image what we see is significant darkening of the image around groups of interconnects and, in extreme cases, around individual interconnects.
We see this primarily when imaging in backscatter, but sometimes also using In-lens and E-T secondary detectors. does anybody have a reasonable explanation to what this phenomenon is?
Unsubscribe jfmjfm-at-umich.edu -- John Mansfield PhD MInstP North Campus Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory 417 SRB, University of Michigan 2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor MI 48109-2143 USA Phone: (734) 936-3352 FAX (734) 763-2282 Cell. Phone: (734) 834-3913 (Leaving a phone message at 936-3352 is preferable to 834-3913) Email: jfmjfm-at-engin.umich.edu URL: http://emalwww.engin.umich.edu/people/jfmjfm/jfmjfm.html Location: Lat. 42! 16' 48" Long. 83! 43' 48"
Currently we are looking for a microtome machine for our lab. Till now, we use a microtome machine in another lab which is SORVAU & CAT 15350. It has light source of 15400. We also like to have same type of microtome with reasonable price.
So, any of you have any idea about the microtome, please let us know. We will appreaciate that very much.
The Texas Society for Microscopy (http://www.texasmicroscopy.org/) will have its Fall Meeting on Oct. 24-26, 2002 in Austin, TX at the Embassy Suites Austin North Hotel .
The Thursday afternoon workshop will be on "TEM materials preparation tools", presented by Dr. Rocco Cerchiara, Applications Laboratory Manager, E. A. Fischione.
The Friday afternoon workshop will be "Cryo-microtomy, with emphasis on TEM sample preparation", presented by Dr. Gregory Becker, Product Manager, RMC Products by Boeckeler.
Workshops sponsored by ASI, Inc. and TSM
There is also a call for papers for this meeting. All technologies and disciplines involving microscopy in any form are invited to contribute.
Please see our website, http://www.texasmicroscopy.org/ , for details, registration, additional information, and author's instructions
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Becky Holdford (r-holdford-at-ti.com) 972-995-2360 972-598-1291 (pager) SC Packaging FA Development Texas Instruments, Inc. Dallas, TX ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It sounds as though you're getting a shadowing effect from the interconnects. If a significant fraction of the backscattered electrons otherwise received by your detector is blocked by the interconnects, then this will show up as a darkening around these 'taller' features. This would be more pronounced for W shadowing Al, as the BSEs coming off Al would tend to be comparatively low energy, and thus more easily blocked by the W. Assuming the geometry of the objects being imaged is the same as in your previous 'scope, then it sounds as though either: 1) your collection geometry for the new detector arrangement is larger (giving a larger solid angle of collection in which some part of the signal is blocked), or 2) your new detector has a different energy sensitivity as compared to the 'old' detector (less sensitivity to lower energy electrons, OR a lower detection threshold energy), or possibly even 3) the magnetic field strength in your chamber is high enough to cause electrons emitted from your sample to spiral up about the field lines to your detector, giving the same effect as if you had a larger solid angle of collection. This last sounds like a possibility because of your mention of an in-lens detector, which would tend to need a pretty strong Z-axis magnetic field in order to operate.
Cheers,
Ben Simkin (simkin-at-egr.msu.edu)
} Greetings all, } } I routinely have to look at semiconductor devices from top down for } failure analysis. All has been fine with our images until we started } imaging with our new microscope. } } To give some background, what we are looking at is aluminum metal lines with } tungsten interconnects standing proud of the aluminum. When we image what we } see is significant darkening of the image around groups of interconnects } and, in extreme cases, around individual interconnects. } } We see this primarily when imaging in backscatter, but sometimes also using } In-lens and E-T secondary detectors. does anybody have a reasonable } explanation to what this phenomenon is? } } Thanks for you time } } Nick
Hum...what is the new scope? What is the old scope?
What mag and KV are you using? Are the specimens coated? With what and how much? What feature sizes are you dealing with? Underneath the Al interconnects should be TiW barrier metal if that process required it. Z contrast will be high. If you are shooting with high KV, large spot size and large aperture, I'd suspect charging. Make sure that the specimen is grounded and is coated. And use low KV (2-5) and a small probe diameter.
Posting a couple of sample images to your web site would be helpful.
gary g.
At 01:12 PM 7/15/2002, you wrote:
} Greetings all, } } I routinely have to look at semiconductor devices from top down for } failure analysis. All has been fine with our images until we started } imaging with our new microscope. } } To give some background, what we are looking at is aluminum metal lines with } tungsten interconnects standing proud of the aluminum. When we image what we } see is significant darkening of the image around groups of interconnects } and, in extreme cases, around individual interconnects. } } We see this primarily when imaging in backscatter, but sometimes also using } In-lens and E-T secondary detectors. does anybody have a reasonable } explanation to what this phenomenon is? } } Thanks for you time } } Nick
Hello, I am looking for a Split Data Rotation unit (Part PW6762) for a Philips 515 SEM. If you have such a device or know where I can get one I would appreciate hearing from you.
ourselves (e.g. personal biases, the fact that we haven't considered all possible explanations of the results etc.)
An honest and realistic scientist realises that he/she throws up as many questions as he/she answers. Maybe in science, we just hope for better and better approximations to the truth...
Of course, all this assumes that there is such an entity as "the truth", independent of us, our thoughts, and our observations. Many philosophers would deny that. I see no way that we can do science without this assumption and we have to part company with some current philisophy as a result. This assumption is of course deeply embedded in western culture and very much part of the Judaeo-Christian and Muslim traditions.
----- Original Message ----- } From: {"MAOKeefe-at-lbl.gov"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} To: "Michael Cammer" {cammer-at-aecom.yu.edu} Cc: {microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} Sent: Monday, July 15, 2002 6:59 PM
Nicol;
What is the surface passivated with? If it is polyimide or bisbenzocyclobutene you may get a little "burning" and definitely charging, if uncoated. Also, hydrocarbons in your sample chamber will be, so to speak, "painted" on the surface and look like the region you just rastered on the SEM when you back out in mag.
A little more info. and someone may be able to help you with this.
Regards,
Peter Tomic Anadigics, inc.
-----Original Message----- } From: Nicol Aitken [mailto:nicol-at-semiconductor.com] Sent: Monday, July 15, 2002 4:12 PM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Greetings all,
I routinely have to look at semiconductor devices from top down for failure analysis. All has been fine with our images until we started imaging with our new microscope.
To give some background, what we are looking at is aluminum metal lines with tungsten interconnects standing proud of the aluminum. When we image what we see is significant darkening of the image around groups of interconnects and, in extreme cases, around individual interconnects.
We see this primarily when imaging in backscatter, but sometimes also using In-lens and E-T secondary detectors. does anybody have a reasonable explanation to what this phenomenon is?
Thank you Ian for a thoughtful and insightful contribution -- indeed, one that allows us to continue to believe in the usefulness of our endeavors to uncover various aspects of the truth that we hope is out there.
Pragmatically, we can believe that this world is below the shadow of a dream, and taught by time take it so -- excepting always steam.*
*Rudyard Kipling's "McAndrew's Hymn"
----- Original Message ----- } From: "Ian MacLaren" {maclaren-at-tu-darmstadt.de}
Michael Cammer wrote: } } Hmm--- strictly, any } } processing *at all* corrupts the primary image data. } } Looking at something corrupts it's nature and asking a question about it } eliminates other perpectives. Cats, electrons and trees falling in the } forest are all phenomena that illustrate the point that detection of } absolute truth is inherently flawed.
The last year we installed ENCA 200 system in our JSM 840 SEM. Last week when we repaired our SEM, liquid nitrogen in dewar was emptied to remove water. Then we re-filled new liquid nitrogen through "warm up" and "cool down" procedures. After that, we tried to calibrate this ISIS system. When making "discriminators only", a message showed "ISIS calibration unable to measure strobe peak. Abandoning calibration". At somebody's suggestion, several times of conditioner were conducted, but the situation is the same. We couldn't do anything now. The system seems to be locked. Also when running EDS, no any peaks could be found, showing very high deadtime (99%). Even without beam, the deadtime is also very high. It was suspected that the detector system was damaged. I suspect that the strobed zero peak is generated in the XP2 pulse processor, not in the detector. Why "discriminators only" didn't work?
If anybody of you has experience with this type of problems, I would like to have your opinions and thoughts. Thanks!
Our system No. 05426-2390-414-51, Model 6506, att 1: 32804c802, att2: 0120024, window: ATW2 det. area 10 mmxmm.
Yuquan Ding Materials Labs Dept. of Mechanical Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 519-888-4567 x3766 Fax: 519-888-6197 Email: yding-at-uwaterloo.ca
OneDis is the program developed by Head et al. It may be still in Fortran and it may still have its awkward input format (emulating the old punch card format). Prof. Veli-Tapani Kuokkala has repackaged the code into a user-friendly Windows format for PC. The program can still be download from his webpage.
http://www.tut.fi/units/ms/elm/enindex.htm
"Walck, Scott D." wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Your posting reminded me of the software available at the MSA/MAS library. There is a public domain software program that is called "oneDis" (I think) that will simulate the image of a dislocation after providing the program with the imaging parameters. I would recommend that you donwload the software and "play" with it to learn what dislocations look like at different imaging conditions. It is quite useful and it will help with the original question that was posted. } } You can get to the EMMPDL library from the MSA website. Here are instructions that I copied } } EMMPDL - MASLIB - Mac & PC Shareware Libraries at Argonne National Laboratory. The following FTP Site give you access to these Software Libraries. Access is by anonymous Login: } } Host : WWW.AMC.ANL.GOV or } the mirror site WWW.MSA.Microscopy.Com } } Login: } Username = Anonymous } Password = Your Email Address } } -Scott } } Scott D. Walck, Ph.D. } PPG Industries, Inc. } Glass Technology Center } P. O. Box 11472 (letters) } Guys Run Rd. (packages) } Pittsburgh, PA 15238-0472 } } Walck-at-PPG.com } } (412) 820-8651 (office) } (412) 820-8515 (fax) } } -----Original Message----- } } From: Corneliu Sarbu [mailto:Corneliu.Sarbu-at-mtm.kuleuven.ac.be] } Sent: Sunday, July 14, 2002 1:31 PM } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: Re: TEM Dislocations } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } The exhaustive treatment of the "classical", two beam diffraction contrast } of dislocations in TEM is contained in the book of A.K.Head, P.Humble, } L.M.Clarebrough, A.J.Morton and C.T.Forwood on "Computed electron } micrographs and defect identification". On the ground of the minimum } theoretical knowledge that any electron microscopist has to hold, it is } presented in all details, computer codes in Fortran included, the method } that can generate by computation the "classical" contrast of a rectilinear } dislocation and a complex of two dislocations and three stacking faults. } There are in use such computer programs, commercial and free ones, that } either are applying the codes given in that book or are providing more } advanced treatment dealing with the same problem. } It is surprising to see that the old "classical" knowledge of the } diffraction contrast interpretation has faded away during the HRTEM } offensive and that the necessity of looking back to the "simple" two beam } diffraction contrast is more and more a request. } } Corneliu Sarbu, PhD } Department of Metallurgy and Applied Materials Science (MTM Dept.) } Catholic University of Leuven (KULeuven) } Kasteelpark ARENBERG nr. 44 } B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium } **************************************************************** } Phone: +32-16-32.1241 - office } +32-16-32.1264 - secretary of department } Fax: +32-16-32.1992 or +32-16-32.1270 } e-mail: Corneliu.Sarbu-at-mtm.kuleuven.ac.be } **************************************************************** } } At 14:13 12/07/02 -0500, you wrote: } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } Hi, } } } } I have a question: With TEM how can I be sure that the feature I am } } looking at } } is/are dislocation(s)? Can you suggest any reading on dislocation } } imaging..Thanks } } } } Aman Haque } } } } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ } } Aman Haque } } Dept of Mechanical & Industrial Engg } } University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign } } } } Tel: 217-244-2760, Fax: 217-244-6534
-- Dr. Steven Celotto Department of Engineering Materials Science & Engineering University of Liverpool Brownlow Hill Liverpool L69 3BX UNITED KINGDOM
One of our investigators wants to do TEM on a very minute quantity of sperm, 40 of them to be exact. Does anyone have any suggestions for preparing such a minute sample with the goal of actually being able to find them upon ultrathin sectioning? So far we have tried suspending them in a tiny drop of BSA, crosslinking the BSA with glutaraldehyde, and treating it like a piece of tissue from that point on. Unfortunately, looking for the sperm in the resulting tissue block is like trying to find a pollywog in an ocean. Any helpful hints out there?
Thanks for your help.
Dotty
Dotty Sorenson Microscopy and Image Analysis Laboratory Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, Michigan (734)763-1170 FAX (734)763-1166 dsoren-at-umich.edu c
Princeton University's Department of Molecular Biology is seeking a Transmission Electron Microscopist to run a new LEO912AB. Duties will include: (1) teaching and training undergraduate and graduate students, post-docs and faculty on instrument operation, (2) preparation and sectioning of diverse biological specimens including yeast, virally infected mammalian cells, brain slices and Drosophila embryos, using a variety of methods including high-pressure freezing and freeze substitution techniques, (3) daily microscope system checks and scheduling of users, (4) general lab maintenance and supply. The candidate should have a BS/MS in a biological field and several years of TEM experience. Knowledge of ultra-structural and immuno-labeling protocols, the operation and care of microtomes and other equipment needed for specimen preparation, a basic understanding of digital imaging and the ability to manage and administer digital workstations and image archives is essential. The candidate must be highly interactive, willing to collaborate on diverse projects and able to identify and research the best methods of specimen preparation and examination. Rank and salary are dependent upon qualifications and experience. Please send curriculum vitae, a list of references and representative samples of your work to Professor Mark Rose, Chair, Search Committee, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014. Princeton University is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer
Joe Goodhouse Confocal / EM Core Lab Manager Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University
Visit us at http://www.molbio.princeton.edu/facility/confocal/index.html
It is with sadness that I learned today of the death on July 10th of Walter McCrone. Many of you will know of his work in the area of applied light microscopy, particuliarly in the area of materials analysis and problem solving as well as the number of books/short course etc.. which bear his name .
Additional details about his life and work at the following WWW Site
http://www.mccrone.org/WalterMcCrone.html
Walter McCrone is survived by his wife, Lucy, who is also an accomplished microscopist.
Contributions can be made in his name to the Walter C. McCrone Scholarship Fund for Advanced Microscopy Studies, c/o McCrone Research Institute, 2820 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60616.
Sounds like you either have a dead detector or the front end processing electronics have failed. Dead time of 99% indicates something is radically wrong. We had a similar situation recently with a EDX detector. The cause was found to be a cracked detector window.
Peter
-----Original Message----- } From: Yuquan Ding [mailto:yding-at-uwaterloo.ca] Sent: Tuesday, July 16, 2002 3:51 PM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Dear Listers:
The last year we installed ENCA 200 system in our JSM 840 SEM. Last week when we repaired our SEM, liquid nitrogen in dewar was emptied to remove water. Then we re-filled new liquid nitrogen through "warm up" and "cool down" procedures. After that, we tried to calibrate this ISIS system. When making "discriminators only", a message showed "ISIS calibration unable to measure strobe peak. Abandoning calibration". At somebody's suggestion, several times of conditioner were conducted, but the situation is the same. We couldn't do anything now. The system seems to be locked. Also when running EDS, no any peaks could be found, showing very high deadtime (99%). Even without beam, the deadtime is also very high. It was suspected that the detector system was damaged. I suspect that the strobed zero peak is generated in the XP2 pulse processor, not in the detector. Why "discriminators only" didn't work?
If anybody of you has experience with this type of problems, I would like to have your opinions and thoughts. Thanks!
Our system No. 05426-2390-414-51, Model 6506, att 1: 32804c802, att2: 0120024, window: ATW2 det. area 10 mmxmm.
Yuquan Ding Materials Labs Dept. of Mechanical Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 519-888-4567 x3766 Fax: 519-888-6197 Email: yding-at-uwaterloo.ca
Just a short comment: the Fortran (i.e. the punch card) format is not awkward at all. Besides, as long as the graphics is available in Fortran too, I don't see why we should abandon the good old language which is still very appropriate for scientific "FORmula TRANslation". There are a huge amount of very good programs written in that language, still in use in the scientific world. As an evidence I can mention a version of the codes given in the book of Head et al., I have written myself, in Fortran, with screen display of the graphica result included (written in Fortran too). Its advantage is that it can be run even on old computers, under DOS. And they are still a lot of "old" computers all over the world.
Corneliu Sarbu, PhD Department of Metallurgy and Applied Materials Science (MTM Dept.) Catholic University of Leuven (KULeuven) Kasteelpark ARENBERG nr. 44 B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium **************************************************************** Phone: +32-16-32.1241 - office +32-16-32.1264 - secretary of department Fax: +32-16-32.1992 or +32-16-32.1270 e-mail: Corneliu.Sarbu-at-mtm.kuleuven.ac.be ****************************************************************
At 20:45 16/07/02 +0100, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
----- Original Message ----- } From: "Steven Celotto" {s.celotto-at-liverpool.ac.uk} Cc: "Microscopy (E-mail)" {microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} Sent: Tuesday, July 16, 2002 9:45 PM
Perhaps I was not clear in saying what was awkward. It is their input format being like that of a punch-card, not the Fortran language. When I used their programs I had to make ascii/text files with the program parameters (beam direction, line direction, operating, w, anno etc) in the 82 (?) character line like when they had to input the data via punch cards. It was easy for them because because they were 'brought up' with that format. I was amazed that they could glance through the almost continuous strings of text and find which parameter they wanted (and my mistakes). I had to count characters all the time.
Corneliu Sarbu wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Just a short comment: the Fortran (i.e. the punch card) format is not } awkward at all. Besides, as long as the graphics is available in Fortran } too, I don't see why we should abandon the good old language which is still } very appropriate for scientific "FORmula TRANslation". There are a huge } amount of very good programs written in that language, still in use in the } scientific world. As an evidence I can mention a version of the codes given } in the book of Head et al., I have written myself, in Fortran, with screen } display of the graphica result included (written in Fortran too). Its } advantage is that it can be run even on old computers, under DOS. And they } are still a lot of "old" computers all over the world. } } Corneliu Sarbu, PhD } Department of Metallurgy and Applied Materials Science (MTM Dept.) } Catholic University of Leuven (KULeuven) } Kasteelpark ARENBERG nr. 44 } B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium } **************************************************************** } Phone: +32-16-32.1241 - office } +32-16-32.1264 - secretary of department } Fax: +32-16-32.1992 or +32-16-32.1270 } e-mail: Corneliu.Sarbu-at-mtm.kuleuven.ac.be } **************************************************************** } } At 20:45 16/07/02 +0100, you wrote: } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } OneDis is the program developed by Head et al. It may be still in Fortran } } and it may still have its awkward input format (emulating the old punch } } card format). Prof. Veli-Tapani Kuokkala has repackaged the code into a } } user-friendly Windows format for PC. The program can still be download } } from his webpage. } } } } http://www.tut.fi/units/ms/elm/enindex.htm } } } } "Walck, Scott D." wrote: } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } Your posting reminded me of the software available at the MSA/MAS } } library. There is a public domain software program that is called } } "oneDis" (I think) that will simulate the image of a dislocation after } } providing the program with the imaging parameters. I would recommend } } that you donwload the software and "play" with it to learn what } } dislocations look like at different imaging conditions. It is quite } } useful and it will help with the original question that was posted. } } } } } } You can get to the EMMPDL library from the MSA website. Here are } } instructions that I copied } } } } } } EMMPDL - MASLIB - Mac & PC Shareware Libraries at Argonne National } } Laboratory. The following FTP Site give you access to these Software } } Libraries. Access is by anonymous Login: } } } } } } Host : WWW.AMC.ANL.GOV or } } } the mirror site WWW.MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } } } } Login: } } } Username = Anonymous } } } Password = Your Email Address } } } } } } -Scott } } } } } } Scott D. Walck, Ph.D. } } } PPG Industries, Inc. } } } Glass Technology Center } } } P. O. Box 11472 (letters) } } } Guys Run Rd. (packages) } } } Pittsburgh, PA 15238-0472 } } } } } } Walck-at-PPG.com } } } } } } (412) 820-8651 (office) } } } (412) 820-8515 (fax) } } } } } } -----Original Message----- } } } } From: Corneliu Sarbu [mailto:Corneliu.Sarbu-at-mtm.kuleuven.ac.be] } } } Sent: Sunday, July 14, 2002 1:31 PM } } } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } } } Subject: Re: TEM Dislocations } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } The exhaustive treatment of the "classical", two beam diffraction contrast } } } of dislocations in TEM is contained in the book of A.K.Head, P.Humble, } } } L.M.Clarebrough, A.J.Morton and C.T.Forwood on "Computed electron } } } micrographs and defect identification". On the ground of the minimum } } } theoretical knowledge that any electron microscopist has to hold, it is } } } presented in all details, computer codes in Fortran included, the method } } } that can generate by computation the "classical" contrast of a rectilinear } } } dislocation and a complex of two dislocations and three stacking faults. } } } There are in use such computer programs, commercial and free ones, that } } } either are applying the codes given in that book or are providing more } } } advanced treatment dealing with the same problem. } } } It is surprising to see that the old "classical" knowledge of the } } } diffraction contrast interpretation has faded away during the HRTEM } } } offensive and that the necessity of looking back to the "simple" two beam } } } diffraction contrast is more and more a request. } } } } } } Corneliu Sarbu, PhD } } } Department of Metallurgy and Applied Materials Science (MTM Dept.) } } } Catholic University of Leuven (KULeuven) } } } Kasteelpark ARENBERG nr. 44 } } } B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium } } } **************************************************************** } } } Phone: +32-16-32.1241 - office } } } +32-16-32.1264 - secretary of department } } } Fax: +32-16-32.1992 or +32-16-32.1270 } } } e-mail: Corneliu.Sarbu-at-mtm.kuleuven.ac.be } } } **************************************************************** } } } } } } At 14:13 12/07/02 -0500, you wrote: } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } } } } Hi, } } } } } } } } I have a question: With TEM how can I be sure that the feature I am } } } } looking at } } } } is/are dislocation(s)? Can you suggest any reading on dislocation } } } } imaging..Thanks } } } } } } } } Aman Haque } } } } } } } } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ } } } } Aman Haque } } } } Dept of Mechanical & Industrial Engg } } } } University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign } } } } } } } } Tel: 217-244-2760, Fax: 217-244-6534 } } } } -- } } Dr. Steven Celotto } } Department of Engineering } } Materials Science & Engineering } } University of Liverpool } } Brownlow Hill } } Liverpool L69 3BX } } UNITED KINGDOM } } } } Telephone (UK) 0151-794-4692 (Int.) +44-151-794-4692 } } Fax. (UK) 0151-794-4675 (Int.) +44-151-794-4675 } } email: s.celotto-at-liv.ac.uk
-- Dr. Steven Celotto Department of Engineering Materials Science & Engineering University of Liverpool Brownlow Hill Liverpool L69 3BX UNITED KINGDOM
No, as far as I know. I have the Fortran/DOS versions for the cubic, tetragonal and hexagonal versions
in my draw. That is as low as they ever needed. However, they show in their book how to modify the programs for tetragonal and hexagonal crystals. In section 10.6 they explain how they designed the program code so that modify it for other crystals can be done without massive amounts of
rewriting. And they explain how to do it giving the tetragonal and hexagonal versions as examples. On the elastic constants in the ANCALC subroutine and the 'crystallography package' of the code needed to be modified. If someone has the time and energy they could do it.
Ian MacLaren wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Dear all } Did anyone ever rework these programs to handle dislocations in low symmetry } structures, e.g. monoclinic or triclinic? } } Thanks } } Ian MacLaren } N.B. New address } TU-Darmstadt, FB Materialwissenschaft, FG Strukturforschung } Petersenstr. 23, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany } Tel: +49 6151 162894 } ian.maclaren-at-physics.org / http://members.lycos.co.uk/IanMacLaren/ } } ----- Original Message ----- } } From: "Steven Celotto" {s.celotto-at-liverpool.ac.uk} } Cc: "Microscopy (E-mail)" {microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} } Sent: Tuesday, July 16, 2002 9:45 PM } Subject: Re: TEM Dislocations } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } OneDis is the program developed by Head et al. It may be still in Fortran } and it may still have its awkward input format (emulating the old punch card } format). Prof. Veli-Tapani Kuokkala has repackaged the code into a } user-friendly Windows format for PC. The program can still be download from } his webpage. } } } } http://www.tut.fi/units/ms/elm/enindex.htm } } } } "Walck, Scott D." wrote: } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } Your posting reminded me of the software available at the MSA/MAS } library. There is a public domain software program that is called "oneDis" } (I think) that will simulate the image of a dislocation after providing the } program with the imaging parameters. I would recommend that you donwload } the software and "play" with it to learn what dislocations look like at } different imaging conditions. It is quite useful and it will help with the } original question that was posted. } } } } } } You can get to the EMMPDL library from the MSA website. Here are } instructions that I copied } } } } } } EMMPDL - MASLIB - Mac & PC Shareware Libraries at Argonne National } Laboratory. The following FTP Site give you access to these Software } Libraries. Access is by anonymous Login: } } } } } } Host : WWW.AMC.ANL.GOV or } } } the mirror site WWW.MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } } } } Login: } } } Username = Anonymous } } } Password = Your Email Address } } } } } } -Scott } } } } } } Scott D. Walck, Ph.D. } } } PPG Industries, Inc. } } } Glass Technology Center } } } P. O. Box 11472 (letters) } } } Guys Run Rd. (packages) } } } Pittsburgh, PA 15238-0472 } } } } } } Walck-at-PPG.com } } } } } } (412) 820-8651 (office) } } } (412) 820-8515 (fax) } } } } } } -----Original Message----- } } } } From: Corneliu Sarbu [mailto:Corneliu.Sarbu-at-mtm.kuleuven.ac.be] } } } Sent: Sunday, July 14, 2002 1:31 PM } } } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } } } Subject: Re: TEM Dislocations } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } The exhaustive treatment of the "classical", two beam diffraction } contrast } } } of dislocations in TEM is contained in the book of A.K.Head, P.Humble, } } } L.M.Clarebrough, A.J.Morton and C.T.Forwood on "Computed electron } } } micrographs and defect identification". On the ground of the minimum } } } theoretical knowledge that any electron microscopist has to hold, it is } } } presented in all details, computer codes in Fortran included, the method } } } that can generate by computation the "classical" contrast of a } rectilinear } } } dislocation and a complex of two dislocations and three stacking faults. } } } There are in use such computer programs, commercial and free ones, that } } } either are applying the codes given in that book or are providing more } } } advanced treatment dealing with the same problem. } } } It is surprising to see that the old "classical" knowledge of the } } } diffraction contrast interpretation has faded away during the HRTEM } } } offensive and that the necessity of looking back to the "simple" two } beam } } } diffraction contrast is more and more a request. } } } } } } Corneliu Sarbu, PhD } } } Department of Metallurgy and Applied Materials Science (MTM Dept.) } } } Catholic University of Leuven (KULeuven) } } } Kasteelpark ARENBERG nr. 44 } } } B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium } } } **************************************************************** } } } Phone: +32-16-32.1241 - office } } } +32-16-32.1264 - secretary of department } } } Fax: +32-16-32.1992 or +32-16-32.1270 } } } e-mail: Corneliu.Sarbu-at-mtm.kuleuven.ac.be } } } **************************************************************** } } } } } } At 14:13 12/07/02 -0500, you wrote: } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America } } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } } } } Hi, } } } } } } } } I have a question: With TEM how can I be sure that the feature I am } } } } looking at } } } } is/are dislocation(s)? Can you suggest any reading on dislocation } } } } imaging..Thanks } } } } } } } } Aman Haque } } } } } } } } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ } } } } Aman Haque } } } } Dept of Mechanical & Industrial Engg } } } } University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign } } } } } } } } Tel: 217-244-2760, Fax: 217-244-6534 } } } } -- } } Dr. Steven Celotto } } Department of Engineering } } Materials Science & Engineering } } University of Liverpool } } Brownlow Hill } } Liverpool L69 3BX } } UNITED KINGDOM } } } } Telephone (UK) 0151-794-4692 (Int.) +44-151-794-4692 } } Fax. (UK) 0151-794-4675 (Int.) +44-151-794-4675 } } email: s.celotto-at-liv.ac.uk } } } } } }
-- Dr. Steven Celotto Department of Engineering Materials Science & Engineering University of Liverpool Brownlow Hill Liverpool L69 3BX UNITED KINGDOM
Hmm, must be a Canadian problem, because I have a somewhat similar situation. We also have an Inca system with a SATW window. The JEOL serviceman was just here for the routine on our 5600, and when he vented the column and started taking it apart, we noticed a thin film of condensation on the outside portion of the detector finger. The metal here is just cool to the touch - certainly not cold enough to freeze. We didn't have any significant increase in boiling of the LN2, and consumption is pretty much the rate it has always been. At first, I wasn't too alarmed (humidity is nearly 100% in the Maritime summer), but then I got to thinking (dangerous ground, I know) - why does this only occur when the scope is vented? I've never noticed this condensation before, but normally the detector is inserted fully into the column, and I don't see much of the finger on the outside of the column in that instance.
I'm thinking that we have a pinhole leak or entirely broken window, and I hadn't noticed it before because I normally do specimen exchanges very quickly, and use the EDS relatively infrequently.
With the scope pumped back down, we got the same high deadtime, no peaks in the spectra behavior described below, but this subsided after a few minutes. Low energy peaks were somewhat depressed, but were restored after running the conditioning routine. Strangely, I've had this high deadtime, no peak behavior before, even a month or so after installation, usually shortly after specimen exchange. My questions to this oh so experienced and wise group are:
1. Do I have a leak in the window? I probably know the answer to this one.
2. What are the long term effects on the detector of operating in this manner? With normal use, I'm not so far appreciably affecting pumpdown time of the scope, so I think with brief exchanges I'm not condensing that much inside the scope.
3. We use the EDS system fairly infrequently. Would it be better to warm the system up and only cool it down when we need it? Or would it be better to keep it cold and run the conditioning circuit before use?
Any help would be greatly appreciated. I'd like to dash right out and fix the thing - but there is absolutely no money in the budget in the forseeable future for such a repair. Any brave souls out there who have attempted repairing broken windows themselves?
Thanks in advance,
Jim
--
James M. Ehrman Digital Microscopy Facility Mount Allison University Sackville, NB E4L 1G7 CANADA
We have had similar problems with an 18month old Inca system this year. In our case it was a cracked window and dead FET. The detector had to go back to Oxford for repair.
Alan
At 03:50 PM 7/16/2002 -0400, Yuquan Ding wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Alan W Nicholls, PhD Director of Research Service Facility (Electron Microscopy) Research Resources Center - East (M/C 337) Room 100 Science and Engineering South Building The University of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor St Chicago, IL 60607-7058
} } } Hello, } } One of our investigators wants to do TEM on a very minute quantity of } sperm, 40 of them to be exact. Does anyone have any suggestions for } preparing such a minute sample with the goal of actually being able to } find them upon ultrathin sectioning? So far we have tried suspending them } in a tiny drop of BSA, crosslinking the BSA with glutaraldehyde, and } treating it like a piece of tissue from that point on. Unfortunately, } looking for the sperm in the resulting tissue block is like trying to find } a pollywog in an ocean. Any helpful hints out there? } } Thanks for your help. } } Dotty ************************ Hi Dotty, Your question is most timely from my perspective. I just ran up two samples of sperm for a colleague. Initially, we tried agar, with the same results you had with the BSA. My second, successful try consisted simply of spinning the little guys down in an eppendorf tube. Granted, I was using a 200 microliter suspension of sperm in fix, and had many more than 40, but this worked well. I have a small, table top centrifuge that I used at around 900g to bring them to a pellet each time I changed solutions, and then an old Beckman ultrafuge that holds the tubes horizontally to bring the pellet to the very bottom when I put them into the resin. After osmium, I could actually see the sample. With so few, you might want to pellet them first, and then overlay them with a very small volume of the BSA, just to hold them in place.
Good luck! Lee
-- Leona Cohen-Gould, M.S. Sr. Staff Associate Director, Electron Microscopy Core Facility Manager, Optical Microscopy Core Facility Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University voice (212)746-6146 fax (212)746-8175
I've never heard about an adaptation of this program for a lower symmetry than the tetragonal one (which can be found in the original book by Head et al.). As one who has implemented the Onedis code I have the feeling that it is not very difficult to adapt it for such a lower symmetry. You have just to look at the subroutines that are involved in the calculation of the mechanical strain field and do the necessary modifications. The components of that strain field are much more numerous as the symmetry gets lower, but it can be done. The code given in the book of Head et al. is a good starting point, in as much as the basic principles of the calculations of each of the subroutines are thoroughly presented.
Corneliu Sarbu!
At 11:27 17/07/02 +0200, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
James, It sure sounds like you have a pinhole leak in your window. We developed one in our Kevex Quantum detector on a JEOL 840A years ago. We only noticed it when we had to vent the whole chamber for large samples. We normally used the airlock and so the specimen chamber and detector were kept under vacuum.
However, once we vented the column, we also vented the detector, at least partially. That led to 99% deadtime until the air molecules could be pumped back out the pinhole. Then things seemed to operate fine. I suppose a person could keep on operating like that as routine, but contamination might eventually build up on the crystal. We bit the bullet and shipped the detector back for a window replacement that cost us somewhere between $2000 and 3000. It has been fine these many years since.
We normally see droplets of oil build up on our detector snout over time. (That has been discussed here before.) After several months we take the detector off the scope and clean it. We drizzle freon down the snout and over the window. But you should check with your manufacturer to make sure you don't do anything to damage your window (more) or dissolve the cement holding the window in place.
I suppose water droplets could just as well build up. Iowa is humid, too, but we vent with dry nitrogen and normally don't leave the chamber open all that long, and the snout is not all that cool to the touch.
Warren
At 08:51 AM 7/17/02 -0300, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } Hmm, must be a Canadian problem, because I have a somewhat similar situation. } We also have an Inca system with a SATW window. The JEOL serviceman } was just here for the routine on our 5600, and when he vented the column and } started taking it apart, we noticed a thin film of condensation on the outside } portion of the detector finger. The metal here is just cool to the touch - } certainly } not cold enough to freeze. We didn't have any significant increase in } boiling of the } LN2, and consumption is pretty much the rate it has always been. At first, } I wasn't } too alarmed (humidity is nearly 100% in the Maritime summer), but then I } got to } thinking (dangerous ground, I know) - why does this only occur when the } scope is } vented? I've never noticed this condensation before, but normally the } detector is } inserted fully into the column, and I don't see much of the finger on the } outside of } the column in that instance. } } I'm thinking that we have a pinhole leak or entirely broken window, and I } hadn't } noticed it before because I normally do specimen exchanges very quickly, } and use } the EDS relatively infrequently. } } With the scope pumped back down, we got the same high deadtime, no peaks } in the spectra behavior described below, but this subsided after a few } minutes. Low } energy peaks were somewhat depressed, but were restored after running the } conditioning } routine. Strangely, I've had this high deadtime, no peak behavior before, } even a month } or so after installation, usually shortly after specimen exchange. My } questions to this oh so } experienced and wise group are: } } 1. Do I have a leak in the window? I probably know the answer to this one. } } 2. What are the long term effects on the detector of operating in this manner? } With normal use, I'm not so far appreciably affecting pumpdown time of the } scope, } so I think with brief exchanges I'm not condensing that much inside the scope. } } 3. We use the EDS system fairly infrequently. Would it be better to warm } the system } up and only cool it down when we need it? Or would it be better to keep } it cold and run the conditioning circuit before use? } } Any help would be greatly appreciated. I'd like to dash right out and fix } the thing - but } there is absolutely no money in the budget in the forseeable future for } such a repair. } Any brave souls out there who have attempted repairing broken windows } themselves? } } Thanks in advance, } } Jim } } -- } } James M. Ehrman } Digital Microscopy Facility } Mount Allison University } Sackville, NB E4L 1G7 } CANADA } } phone: 506-364-2519 } fax: 506-364-2505 } email: jehrman-at-mta.ca } www: http://www.mta.ca/~jehrman } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } Dear Listers: } } } } The last year we installed ENCA 200 system in our JSM 840 SEM. Last week } } when we repaired our SEM, liquid nitrogen in dewar was emptied to remove } } water. Then we re-filled new liquid nitrogen through "warm up" and "cool } } down" procedures. After that, we tried to calibrate this ISIS system. When } } making "discriminators only", a message showed "ISIS calibration unable to } } measure strobe peak. Abandoning calibration". At somebody's suggestion, } } several times of conditioner were conducted, but the situation is the same. } } We couldn't do anything now. The system seems to be locked. Also when } } running EDS, no any peaks could be found, showing very high deadtime (99%). } } Even without beam, the deadtime is also very high. It was suspected that the } } detector system was damaged. I suspect that the strobed zero peak is } } generated in the XP2 pulse processor, not in the detector. Why } } "discriminators only" didn't work? } } } } If anybody of you has experience with this type of problems, I would like to } } have your opinions and thoughts. Thanks! } } } } Our system No. 05426-2390-414-51, Model 6506, att 1: 32804c802, att2: } } 0120024, window: ATW2 det. area 10 mmxmm. } } } } Yuquan Ding } } Materials Labs } } Dept. of Mechanical Engineering } } University of Waterloo } } Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 } } 519-888-4567 x3766 } } Fax: 519-888-6197 } } Email: yding-at-uwaterloo.ca
------------------------------------------- No files should be attached to this message ------------------------------------------- Warren E. Straszheim, Ph.D. Materials Analysis and Research Lab Iowa State University 23 Town Engineering Ames IA, 50011-3232
If I may be so bold to stick my nose into what is normally Nestor's business, I offer these sections taken from the list FAQ. The link to the FAQ is given at the top of each posting.
Since Nestor's reminder to unsubscribe from the list rather than to simply return "out of office" messages during absences, there have been a few commands sent to the list to unsubscribe or to switch to digest mode. That isn't the way to do it.
First, the list itself does not handle commands. Some implementations of mailing lists do - many do not. This list simply is the latter form. See note #2 below.
Second, there is no digest mode at this time. There may be later and I am sure Nestor will tell us if digest mode becomes available.
Thanks, Nestor, for all your investment in this list. It is a wonderful aid.
Warren ------------------------------ How do I unsubscribe?
Send an Email Message to "Listserver-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com" in the body of your message include the line Unsubscribe Microscopy "USERID-at-EMailAddress" Replace the "USERID-at-EMailAddress" with your real Email address. Or use our WWW based form at: http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/UnSubscribeMicroscopy.html IMPORTANT NOTE#1. To unsubscribe you must supply the original address which you used when you first submitted your subscription. Over the last few years I have found that many users have their mail forwarded to new addresses, or use an alias. When they then try to unsubscribe, they forget where there mail is being sent to (or forwarded from). This causes me lots of headaches. So just remember in order to unsubscribe you from the list, the listserver must know the your original subscription address to remove it! Please be considerate. I am not a mindreader, and don't really enjoy playing detective over the Internet. I have too many other things to do. IMPORTANT NOTE #2: Do not send subscribe/unsubscribe message to "Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com". When you do this ALL members of the listserver receive your message. All administrative issues should be sent to "Listserver-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com" and not to the general mailing list.
Is there a Digest Mode?
Digest Mode is not available on the present server. It is an option which will be added in the future. Digest Mode compresses all message from a single day into one long message which is then sent to all subscribers. It is a nice option, and I intend to get it running eventually.
------------------------------------------- No files should be attached to this message ------------------------------------------- Warren E. Straszheim, Ph.D. Materials Analysis and Research Lab Iowa State University 23 Town Engineering Ames IA, 50011-3232
Dorothy, Some possibilities a. fix and wick the cells into a cellulose fiber similar to the one produced by Microdyn (microfiltration cartridges)--will send website directly b. fix and drop cells onto a disk of nitrocellulose paper, add second disk of np to sandwich cells and process in wells of a staining dish c. filter using polycarbonate filer, fix, process, flat embedd or use a Chen mold
Rosemary At 04:37 PM 7/16/02 -0400, Dorothy Roak Sorenson wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
I'm in a mountain cabin in Utah, looking at my e-mail on a laptop.
That's a tough problem. I could imagine something like the following: Make up plastic embedding monomer and add a little dye to it. Polymerize a block of it and then make tiny shavings or particles of it. Put some sticky substance (polylysine, etc.?) on the surface of the shavings. Put one or more shaving in with the sperm in a way that would cause the sperm to attach to the shaving(s). You would have to decide whether the sperm should be fixed before or after they attached to the shaving. When fixed sperm are on the shaving(s), dehydrate them, and then put a shaving or tight cluster of shavings into embedding medium at one end of a flat embedding block. Polymerize the block. You should be able to see the shaving(s) because of the dye, and can section them and see the sperm that are on theeir surface.
Kent
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A. Kent Christensen, Professor Emeritus Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical Science II Building University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0616 Tel (work) (734) 763-1287, Fax (work) (734) 763-1166 akc-at-umich.edu http://www.umich.edu/~akc/ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Hello, } } One of our investigators wants to do TEM on a very minute quantity of } sperm, 40 of them to be exact. Does anyone have any suggestions for } preparing such a minute sample with the goal of actually being able to } find them upon ultrathin sectioning? So far we have tried suspending them } in a tiny drop of BSA, crosslinking the BSA with glutaraldehyde, and } treating it like a piece of tissue from that point on. Unfortunately, } looking for the sperm in the resulting tissue block is like trying to find } a pollywog in an ocean. Any helpful hints out there? } } Thanks for your help. } } Dotty } } } Dotty Sorenson } Microscopy and Image Analysis Laboratory } Department of Cell and Developmental Biology } University of Michigan Medical School } Ann Arbor, Michigan } (734)763-1170 } FAX (734)763-1166 } dsoren-at-umich.edu } c }
You might try mixing a small drop of stain such as Toluidine Blue in the agar for easier visualization of your sample.
At 04:37 PM 7/16/02 -0400, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Larry Ackerman Howard Hughes Medical Institute UCSF, Box 0725, Rm U226 533 Parnassus Avenue San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
-----Original Message----- } From: Dorothy Roak Sorenson [mailto:dsoren-at-umich.edu] Sent: Tuesday, July 16, 2002 1:38 PM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Hello,
One of our investigators wants to do TEM on a very minute quantity of sperm, 40 of them to be exact. Does anyone have any suggestions for preparing such a minute sample with the goal of actually being able to find them upon ultrathin sectioning? So far we have tried suspending them in a tiny drop of BSA, crosslinking the BSA with glutaraldehyde, and treating it like a piece of tissue from that point on. Unfortunately, looking for the sperm in the resulting tissue block is like trying to find a pollywog in an ocean. Any helpful hints out there?
Thanks for your help.
Dotty
Dotty Sorenson Microscopy and Image Analysis Laboratory Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, Michigan (734)763-1170 FAX (734)763-1166 dsoren-at-umich.edu c
Hi Everybody! I was wondering if any of you have used Hepes buffer for electron microscopy fixation. We used 2% glut in Hepes and we found fixation unsatisfactory. Did any of you experienced any problems using this system? Thanks Dorota
A flat embedding problem. We have cryofixed and cryosubstituted some Pisolithus tinctorius (a fungi) for one of our users and have run into a a bit of a problem.
We cryosubsituted in 2% Osmium Tetroxide in Acetone for 72 hours in a Leica AFS. After gradually bringing the samples to room temperature and rinsing in absolute acetone we very slowly infiltrated into Quetol 651 resin (formulation used; Quetol 651 10 g, NSA 10g, MNA 10g DMP-30 0.45g). We then flat embedded the fungi between two sheets of Melinex film (Agar Scientific catalogue number L4103) and polymerised overnight at 60oC.
We have used Melinex film on numerous occasions in the past to flat embed vibratomed sectioned brain slices, monolayers of culture cells etc. We have used Melinex film with 'conventional' epoxy resins (ie TAAB TK3, Agar 100 resin) and with LR White. We have not in the past used Melinex with Quetol 651.
When we came to seperate the Melinex to remove the flat embedded fungi the Melinex crazed and fractured , it wouldn't peel apart.
We ran a trial with old stock Melinex and some fairly new stuff. Not wanting to get caught again we also trialed with some Alcar, Thermonx and Mylar film. We tried the Quetol 651 again and some Agar 100.
Interestingly the Meinex (both the old stock and new stuff) reacted in the same way both with the Quetol and the Agar 100 (which has nevcer happened to us before). The Alcar, Thermonx and Mylar film were all fine with the two resins.
Is, or has, anyone else out experienced the same problem and come up with an answer ?
While on the subject, does anybody know at what temperature the osmium in the acetone based cryosubstitution medium actual fixes at ?
It is my understanding that the idea is that the acetone/ osmium fully infiltrates the tissue at the lower temperature, replacing the cell water, but the osmium doesn't actually fix until the sample is warmed up to a particular temperature (warmed up still being somewhat lower than zero degress C).
Thanks in advance
Allan
-- ------------------------------------------------- Allan Mitchell Technical Manager Otago Centre for Electron Microscopy C/-Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology School of Medical Sciences P.O. Box 913 Dunedin New Zealand
We have a student interested in the ultrastructure of boab nuts....can anyone help with the interpretation of micrographs?
cheers Sally
Dr Sally Stowe Facility Coordinator, ANU Electron Microscopy Unit Research School of Biological Sciences Australian National University Canberra ACT0200 AUSTRALIA stowe-at-rsbs.anu.edu.au fax 61 (0)2 6125 3218 ph 02 6125 2743 http://www.anu.edu.au/EMU
by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) id IAA26258 for dist-Microscopy; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 08:50:26 -0500 (CDT) Received: from njz_spm_filter (sparc5 [206.69.208.10]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with SMTP id IAA26250 for "MicroscopyFilteredEmail1-at-msa.microscopy.com"; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 08:49:56 -0500 (CDT) Received: from magic.wcupa.edu (magic.wcupa.edu [144.26.94.241]) by sparc5.microscopy.com (8.9.3+Sun/8.9.3) with ESMTP id IAA26243 for {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 08:49:44 -0500 (CDT) Received: from mail.WCUPA.EDU (mail.wcupa.edu [144.26.92.199]) by magic.wcupa.edu (8.11.2/8.11.2) with ESMTP id g6IDj4W09403; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 09:45:05 -0400 (EDT) Received: by mail.wcupa.edu with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) id {3N5PX6XC} ; Thu, 18 Jul 2002 09:44:13 -0400 Message-ID: {B47C27775351D41197DC00805FEA78A70602DD41-at-mail.wcupa.edu}
Morning,
When you changed your buffer from the old(?) to HEPES, what change, if any, did you record in its osmolarity? Also, there ARE non-trivial effects recorded for different buffering systems on various tissues. Every change should be followed by an experiment to define new optima for the tissues under consideration, and the best way to determine new optima is to start with semi-thin section comparisons followed by ultrastructural analysis.
If it was easy, we'd all be paid much more for our work.
Regards,
Fred Monson
Frederick C. Monson, PhD Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging Schmucker II Science Center West Chester University South Church Street and Rosedale West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 Phone: 610-738-0437 FAX: 610-738-0437 fmonson-at-wcupa.edu CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/
} ---------- } From: Dorota Wadowska } Sent: Wednesday, July 17, 2002 2:54 PM } To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: TEM-hepes buffer } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Hi Everybody! } I was wondering if any of you have used Hepes buffer for electron } microscopy fixation. We used 2% glut in Hepes and we found } fixation unsatisfactory. Did any of you experienced any problems } using this system? } Thanks } Dorota } }
I've used HEPES buffer with eubacteria, cyanobacteria, several algae (green and golden brown) and land plants with good success. I did a side-by-side comparison of cacodylate, phosphate and PIPES (a different organic buffer) early in my career - an increasingly more scary number of years ago - and PIPES was by far the best. I tried HEPES on the advice of a collegue that worked on dinoflagellates, and have been using it ever since. I have not had much experience with animal tissue, with the exception of some tissue cultured cells. We have used HEPES in these situations when it was the buffer system the cells were grown in, and have had no trouble with it.
Heather Owen
Dr. Heather A. Owen, Director Electron Microscope Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee Lapham Hall, P.O. Box 413 Milwaukee, WI 53210 USA
Electron Microscopy Core Facility at the Yale University School of Medicine Seeks experienced electron microscopist to assist Principal Investigator and other research scientists as consultant for independent experiments; overseeing the operation of the facility, preparation of specimens, conducting immunocytochemical labeling, sample analysis and statistical analysis. Candidate will be expected to conduct independent research projects in consultation of PI; design experiments, interpret results and present proposals for future experiments. Will also supervise lab personnel and other users of the facility as well as teach EM techniques to users on a 1:1 basis or formal courses organized biannually.
Position requires a Master’s degree in the biological sciences and one year prior experience in related position; or the equivalent combination of education and experience. Previous experience in microscopy and in the conduct of independent research is required; also strong computer literacy is required.
Qualified candidates send resume and cover letter referencing source code EASEM10769 to Ms. S. Greer at jobs-at-yale.edu. Fax: 203-432-9817. Mail: PO Box 208344, New Haven, CT 06520-8344. For more information about this position and Yale’s outstanding benefits package visit www.yale.edu.
Yale University is an Affirmative Action, Equal Opportunity Employer.
-- Marc Pypaert Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell and Molecular Imaging and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Yale University School of Medicine 333 Cedar Street New Haven CT 06520 Tel : (203) 785 3681 Fax : (203) 785 7446
Dorota, We obtained good fixation of Arabidopsis thaliana buds using the protocol from the following publication: Owen HA and Makaroff CA. Ultrastructure of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. ecotype Wassilewskija (Brassicaceae). Protoplasma 185:7-21, 1995. I don't have concentrations available to me at the moment but the fixatives are fully described in this article. It was a great find for us and we have used it on other plants as well. Rosemary
I am looking for a broken TEM sample holder that you may no longer need. Please contact me if you have one - thanks in advance.
With best regards. ----------------------------------------------------------------- Lu-Chang Qin, ScD Department of Physics and Astronomy & Curriculum in Applied and Materials Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Room 178 Phillips Hall, CB#3255 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255 Phone: (919) 843-3575
I was surprised to find that some people in EM Labs used 0.1 M phosphate buffer as a "PBS". From my course of biochemistry/cell biology PBS stands for Phosphate Buffered Saline and is 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 and 150 mM NaCl. If you replace 20 mM phosphate on 20 mM of any other buffer, HEPES for instance, it's very unlikely the total osmomolarity will changed... BUT, if you are using 0.1 (?) M HEPES it may be a HUGE DIFFERENCE... You have to understand clearly, which buffer system you are using. In biochemistry, we never ever use 100 mM range buffers itself (like 0.1 M phosphate/HEPES/MOPS etc). The purpose of the 'buffer' is to provide necessary pH and sodium or potassium salts were used to provide necessary osmosity... GA itself affect osmosity seriously and formally speaking, osmosity should be corrected. From the 'chemical' point of view, HEPES should not affect GA efficiency. Moreover, HEPES is the best buffer for GA crosslinking because of it's huge buffer capacity in the neutral pH range. As I understand, some 'buffer systems' like cacodylate helps to wash out some content of the cell matrix and therefore makes some structural details more pronounced. Mistakenly, some people called it 'good fixation'. If you are using 100 mM range buffers, such 'washing effect' supposed to be very pronounced. HEPES is good to preserve the matrix integrity, not for washing out it's components. I am sorry for such obvious comment. Best wishes, Sergey.
At 09:44 AM 7/18/02 -0400, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Rather than putting animals (such as mouse pups) under a stereoscope that can detect GFP, has anyone ever heard of a hand-held device that can be used to see if the pups are green?
Thank you in adance...
Lesley
Lesley S. Bechtold Supervisor, Biological Imaging The Jackson Laboratory 600 Main St. Bar Harbor, ME 04609 207-288-6191
I have a project requiring that I identify cells grown in culture that were originally taken from porcine tissue. The cells are suspected to be either smooth muscle cells, endothelium, or fibroblasts. I am unfamiliar with which antibodies would work for these cells. There are many antibodies for these types of cells, but will they work in porcine tissue? Help.....
Not at all Fred. I was commenting the original message, not yours. No worry. I think, we both agree that in order to get good answer, we have to ask good questions. For instance the definition of the 'HEPES buffer' to me mean that people talking about 10-20 mM concentration of HEPES. 0.1 M HEPES is a stock solution to me. Others may think differently. As a result there is misunderstanding may occur (exactly what you mean). Sergey
At 01:29 PM 7/18/02, you wrote: } Did I say something wrong? I tried not to. But I can tell from what you } wrote that we agree. My response was my nasty way to say that there was } insufficient information to draw any conclusion and frame any answer. } } Hope you agree. } } Fred } } } } ---------- } } From: Sergey Ryazantsev } } Sent: Thursday, July 18, 2002 3:02 PM } } To: Monson, Frederick C.; microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } } Subject: RE: TEM-HEPES buffer } } } } I was surprised to find that some people in EM Labs used 0.1 M phosphate } } buffer as a "PBS". From my course of biochemistry/cell biology PBS } } stands } } for Phosphate Buffered Saline and is 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 and } } 150 } } mM NaCl. If you replace 20 mM phosphate on 20 mM of any other buffer, } } HEPES for instance, it's very unlikely the total osmomolarity will } } changed... BUT, if you are using 0.1 (?) M HEPES it may be a HUGE } } DIFFERENCE... You have to understand clearly, which buffer system you are } } } } using. In biochemistry, we never ever use 100 mM range buffers itself } } (like } } 0.1 M phosphate/HEPES/MOPS etc). The purpose of the 'buffer' is to } } provide } } necessary pH and sodium or potassium salts were used to provide necessary } } osmosity... GA itself affect osmosity seriously and formally speaking, } } osmosity should be corrected. From the 'chemical' point of view, HEPES } } should not affect GA efficiency. Moreover, HEPES is the best buffer for } } GA } } crosslinking because of it's huge buffer capacity in the neutral pH range. } } } } As I understand, some 'buffer systems' like cacodylate helps to wash out } } some content of the cell matrix and therefore makes some structural } } details } } more pronounced. Mistakenly, some people called it 'good fixation'. If } } you } } are using 100 mM range buffers, such 'washing effect' supposed to be very } } pronounced. HEPES is good to preserve the matrix integrity, not for } } washing out it's components. I am sorry for such obvious comment. Best } } wishes, Sergey. } } } } At 09:44 AM 7/18/02 -0400, you wrote: } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } Morning, } } } } } } When you changed your buffer from the old(?) to HEPES, what } } change, } } } if any, did you record in its osmolarity? Also, there ARE non-trivial } } } effects recorded for different buffering systems on various tissues. } } Every } } } change should be followed by an experiment to define new optima for the } } } tissues under consideration, and the best way to determine new optima is } } to } } } start with semi-thin section comparisons followed by ultrastructural } } } analysis. } } } } } } If it was easy, we'd all be paid much more for our work. } } } } } } Regards, } } } } } } } } } Fred Monson } } } } } } Frederick C. Monson, PhD } } } Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging } } } Schmucker II Science Center } } } West Chester University } } } South Church Street and Rosedale } } } West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 } } } Phone: 610-738-0437 } } } FAX: 610-738-0437 } } } fmonson-at-wcupa.edu } } } CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ } } } WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ } } } Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/ } } } } } } } } } } ---------- } } } } From: Dorota Wadowska } } } } Sent: Wednesday, July 17, 2002 2:54 PM } } } } To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } } } } Subject: TEM-hepes buffer } } } } } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } } America } } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } } On-Line Help } } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } } } } Hi Everybody! } } } } I was wondering if any of you have used Hepes buffer for electron } } } } microscopy fixation. We used 2% glut in Hepes and we found } } } } fixation unsatisfactory. Did any of you experienced any problems } } } } using this system? } } } } Thanks } } } } Dorota } } } } } } } } } } } }
_____________________________________
Sergey Ryazantsev Ph. D. Electron Microscopy UCLA School of Medicine Department of Biological Chemistry Box 951737 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737
Does anyone out there have any experience to share about the Philips XL-30 (Sirion or other) with EDAX relative to potential consequences of a diffusion pump versus a turbo? It seems to me that a turbo pump would go a long way to prevent contamination of the detector window. I am not sure about this. The Sirion isolates the chamber from the diffusion pump during specimen exchange. Plus, it has a chilled water trap. So this may not be a problem.
Haven't tried this yet, but a blue fluorescent lamp, maximum emission around 480 or so nm, may excite GFP enough to be visible in a dark room. We're planning to test this to see if we can screen thousands of GFP-expressing seeds. Could observe the fluorescence through a long-pass theatre filter of some kind, like one of the Lee green or yellow filters, which have quite sharp wavelength cutoffs (have used various Lee filters to get different wavelength illumination for prac classes looking at photomorphogenesis in plants). good luck, Rosemary } } } Hi Everyone, } } Rather than putting animals (such as mouse pups) under a } stereoscope that can detect GFP, has anyone ever heard of a hand-held } device that can be used to see if the pups are green? } } Thank you in adance... } } Lesley } } } } Lesley S. Bechtold } Supervisor, Biological Imaging } The Jackson Laboratory } 600 Main St. } Bar Harbor, ME 04609 } 207-288-6191
Rosemary White Microscopy Centre CSIRO Plant Industry GPO Box 1600 Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia rosemary.white-at-csiro.au fax 61- 2 6246 5000 ph. 61- 2 6246 5475 or mob. 61- 0402 835 973
We have two XL30s. One is 8 years old with a diffusion pump and one is 1 year old with a turbo pump. Both have Edax EDS systems, and we have not seen any evidence of contamination on the x-ray detectors. The vacuum systems on our Philips/FEI microscopes have been very reliable.
Joe Neilly, Research Investigator Abbott Laboratories R45M, AP31 200 Abbott Park Rd. Abbott Park, IL 60064-6202
Voice: 847-938-5024 Fax: 847-938-5027
Gary Gaugler {gary-at-gaugler To: MSA listserver {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} .com} cc: Subject: XL-30 Sirion x-ray & diffusion pump 07/18/02 09:23 PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Does anyone out there have any experience to share about the Philips XL-30 (Sirion or other) with EDAX relative to potential consequences of a diffusion pump versus a turbo? It seems to me that a turbo pump would go a long way to prevent contamination of the detector window. I am not sure about this. The Sirion isolates the chamber from the diffusion pump during specimen exchange. Plus, it has a chilled water trap. So this may not be a problem.
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (dpu-at-spdc.ti.com) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html#form on Thursday, July 18, 2002 at 13:16:32 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: dpu-at-spdc.ti.com Name: Dennis Pu
Organization: Texas Instruments
Education: Graduate College
Location: Dallas, Texas 75243
Question: Hello, This is not exactly a question for school, but I hope we're all here to learn and explore. My question deals with using microscopy to view detailed images of the inside of vinyl record grooves. My desire is to research what it might take to build an optical record player. I'm trying to determine whether it is more practical to utilize some kind of optical tracking of the groove for real-time play or if scanning the whole record in at once and using software to recognize the grooves and to produce the sound would be better. My first step is just to determine ways I can use microscopy to even see inside groove. I'd consider one economical option that hobbyists could tinker with at home, and one "best" solution archivists can use for transcribing old media (vinyl, wax cylinders, acetates, etc...) without having to use destructive mechanical means. I'd appreciate any suggestions you have to offer.
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (cf_reu-at-ccmr.cornell.edu) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Thursday, July 18, 2002 at 10:00:16 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: cf_reu-at-ccmr.cornell.edu Name: Chris Fanning
Organization: Cornell University
Education: Undergraduate College
Location: Ithaca, Ny, US
Question: I am involved in undergraduate materials research on Nickel-Titanium (50.5% ni). I have prepared an ~1cm cube of nitinol potted in epoxy to be viewed in an SEM. Our goal is to obtain an ODF via an EBSD scan. to accomplish this we need to get well defined patterns in the EBSD. We are getting patterns now but they are not good enough. We are considering etching and need recomendations for etching solutions. Many people suggest an HF solution. Are there alternatives to HF?
Our material prep was, ... -cut with a slow speed (200 rpm) precision saw, diamond blade -rough polish with 240, 320, 480(?), 600, 1200 Si-carbide paper by hand -fine polish with 9u, 3u, 1u on nylon paper - polishing wheel, 200rpm -fine polish with colloidal silica, by hand -4 hrs on vibraory polisher with colloidal silica
any advice would be much appreciated! sorry for the long email,
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (julycola-at-biof.ufrj.br) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Thursday, July 18, 2002 at 09:15:20 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Organization: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Education: Graduate College
Location: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Question: We are not succeeding in preparing 16% formaldehyde from EMS Paraformaldehyde. The final mixture is turbid no matter how much NaOH we add. What could be the cause? We have not had this kind of trouble in many years of preparation. Do you advise pH adjustment of the freshly prepared solution? Thank You for the help.
I disagree with your comment that a buffer has to be used in the 10-20 mM range, and that at 0.1 M it should be considered a stock solution. Clearly the concentration has to be proportional to the buffering capacity required. When using large concentrations of PFA (4-8 %), high concentration of HEPES is required to maintain the pH neutral. We and others use routinely 250 mM Hepes "buffer" with PFA fixation and get great morphology (as defined by an absence of swelling of internal membranes and lack of extraction of cytoplasmic components). Similarly, I know of many EM groups who use routinely 100 or 200 mM phosphate solutions for fixation for both GA and PFA fixation. As Fred said, what matters is to try various techniques and identify the optimal conditions. Of course, what someone calls great fixation can be seen as poor fixation by someone else. Since nobody really knows what a cell is supposed to look like at the microscopical level without having to kill it first, remove all its water content and saturate it with heavy metals, discussing what is a good or poor morphology can be a futile exercise. According to what I consider reasonnable criteria (some of which are listed above), I and others have found that fixation in 200 or 250 mM solutions of HEPES, Pipes or phosphate actually works well. Best regards
Marc
Sergey Ryazantsev wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Not at all Fred. I was commenting the original message, not yours. No } worry. I think, we both agree that in order to get good answer, we have to } ask good questions. For instance the definition of the 'HEPES buffer' to } me mean that people talking about 10-20 mM concentration of HEPES. 0.1 M } HEPES is a stock solution to me. Others may think differently. As a result } there is misunderstanding may occur (exactly what you mean). Sergey } } At 01:29 PM 7/18/02, you wrote: } } Did I say something wrong? I tried not to. But I can tell from what you } } wrote that we agree. My response was my nasty way to say that there was } } insufficient information to draw any conclusion and frame any answer. } } } } Hope you agree. } } } } Fred } } } } } } } ---------- } } } From: Sergey Ryazantsev } } } Sent: Thursday, July 18, 2002 3:02 PM } } } To: Monson, Frederick C.; microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } } } Subject: RE: TEM-HEPES buffer } } } } } } I was surprised to find that some people in EM Labs used 0.1 M phosphate } } } buffer as a "PBS". From my course of biochemistry/cell biology PBS } } } stands } } } for Phosphate Buffered Saline and is 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 and } } } 150 } } } mM NaCl. If you replace 20 mM phosphate on 20 mM of any other buffer, } } } HEPES for instance, it's very unlikely the total osmomolarity will } } } changed... BUT, if you are using 0.1 (?) M HEPES it may be a HUGE } } } DIFFERENCE... You have to understand clearly, which buffer system you are } } } } } } using. In biochemistry, we never ever use 100 mM range buffers itself } } } (like } } } 0.1 M phosphate/HEPES/MOPS etc). The purpose of the 'buffer' is to } } } provide } } } necessary pH and sodium or potassium salts were used to provide necessary } } } osmosity... GA itself affect osmosity seriously and formally speaking, } } } osmosity should be corrected. From the 'chemical' point of view, HEPES } } } should not affect GA efficiency. Moreover, HEPES is the best buffer for } } } GA } } } crosslinking because of it's huge buffer capacity in the neutral pH range. } } } } } } As I understand, some 'buffer systems' like cacodylate helps to wash out } } } some content of the cell matrix and therefore makes some structural } } } details } } } more pronounced. Mistakenly, some people called it 'good fixation'. If } } } you } } } are using 100 mM range buffers, such 'washing effect' supposed to be very } } } pronounced. HEPES is good to preserve the matrix integrity, not for } } } washing out it's components. I am sorry for such obvious comment. Best } } } wishes, Sergey. } } } } } } At 09:44 AM 7/18/02 -0400, you wrote: } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } } } } Morning, } } } } } } } } When you changed your buffer from the old(?) to HEPES, what } } } change, } } } } if any, did you record in its osmolarity? Also, there ARE non-trivial } } } } effects recorded for different buffering systems on various tissues. } } } Every } } } } change should be followed by an experiment to define new optima for the } } } } tissues under consideration, and the best way to determine new optima is } } } to } } } } start with semi-thin section comparisons followed by ultrastructural } } } } analysis. } } } } } } } } If it was easy, we'd all be paid much more for our work. } } } } } } } } Regards, } } } } } } } } } } } } Fred Monson } } } } } } } } Frederick C. Monson, PhD } } } } Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging } } } } Schmucker II Science Center } } } } West Chester University } } } } South Church Street and Rosedale } } } } West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 } } } } Phone: 610-738-0437 } } } } FAX: 610-738-0437 } } } } fmonson-at-wcupa.edu } } } } CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ } } } } WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ } } } } Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/ } } } } } } } } } } } } } ---------- } } } } } From: Dorota Wadowska } } } } } Sent: Wednesday, July 17, 2002 2:54 PM } } } } } To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } } } } } Subject: TEM-hepes buffer } } } } } } } } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } } } America } } } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } } } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } } } On-Line Help } } } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } } } } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } Hi Everybody! } } } } } I was wondering if any of you have used Hepes buffer for electron } } } } } microscopy fixation. We used 2% glut in Hepes and we found } } } } } fixation unsatisfactory. Did any of you experienced any problems } } } } } using this system? } } } } } Thanks } } } } } Dorota } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } _____________________________________ } } Sergey Ryazantsev Ph. D. } Electron Microscopy } UCLA School of Medicine } Department of Biological Chemistry } Box 951737 } Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737 } } Phone: (310) 825-1144 } FAX (departmental): (310) 206-5272 } mailto:sryazant-at-ucla.edu
-- Marc Pypaert Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell and Molecular Imaging and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Yale University School of Medicine 333 Cedar Street New Haven CT 06520 Tel : (203) 785 3681 Fax : (203) 785 7446
Renaat The purpose of the peltier cold stage is to cool the specimen, thereby reducing the vapour pressure of any volatile liquids, such as water, oils, that it contains. At the temperatures attainable with a peltier module (perhaps -30oC?) water or ice cannot be completely stabilized, unless you can match the partial pressure of water vapour in the chamber atmosphere to the vapour pressure above ice at the specimen temperature employed. This may require ESEM and may not be possible using LVSEM. However, the rate of outgassing of wet specimens may be greatly reduced. You can also stabilize some low melting point materials, such as waxes, chocolate or butterfat in food samples by reducing their temperature. Chris
} From: "Renaat Dasseville" {renaat.dasseville-at-rug.ac.be} To: "Microscopy Listserver" {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com}
Kathy:
Try the SEROTEC company at www.serotec.co.uk or Veterinary Medical Research & Development at www.vmrd.com or Upstate Cell Signaling Solutions at www.upstate.com
Karen L. Bentley, M.S.(previously Jensen) Associate Scientist & Project Manager Electron Microscope Research Core University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY 14642 585-275-1954
-----Original Message----- } From: kwalters [mailto:kwalters-at-blue.weeg.uiowa.edu] Sent: Thursday, July 18, 2002 4:47 PM To: microscopy
Hi All,
I have a project requiring that I identify cells grown in culture that were originally taken from porcine tissue. The cells are suspected to be either smooth muscle cells, endothelium, or fibroblasts. I am unfamiliar with which antibodies would work for these cells. There are many antibodies for these types of cells, but will they work in porcine tissue? Help.....
I don't have experience of the XL30, but so far I know, the XL30 serie uses Edwards Diffstack diff pumps, which are very good pumps, and don't backstream a lot. We use it (with Santovac oil) on UHV surface science instruments without any contamination probleme (and Auger is sensitiv to carbon...). As we know, contamination comes from the rouhing pump, and a turbo pump stops better oil from it than a diff one. The question is : how is the SEM chamber pumped from air pressure down to 1E-2mbar ? Is the diff pump by pased by an oil seeled rouhing pump ? If so, you will have a source of contamination independently from the diff or turbo pump.
To avoid all sources of contamination, you have two designs possible : -a turbo pump backed by a scroll. The two pumps are stopped when the specimen chamber is vented, and are put on together to pumpd down again. I think Leo does it this way. -a fast entry lock, pumped by a scroll pump, and idealy a turbo and a scroll on the chamber, or less expensive, a diff and a rotary vane pump (with alumina foreline trap). I would prefer this design, because I don't thing it's a good idee for a HR-SEM to put the whole chamber to air at each specimen exchange.
What is meaningsless is to put a turbo pump as secondary pump, to avoid contamination and than use a oil sealed pump to pump down the entry lock, or do the primary vaccum with it, by passing the turbo. Of coarse you can put a turbo on the fast entry lock too !
In all cases, if you use a rotary vane pump, put a foreline trap on it.
J. Faerber IPCMS-GSI (Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Groupe Surface et Interfaces) 23, rue de Loess 67037 Strasbourg CEDEX France
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Does anyone out there have any experience to share } about the Philips XL-30 (Sirion or other) with EDAX relative } to potential consequences of a diffusion pump versus } a turbo? It seems to me that a turbo pump would } go a long way to prevent contamination of the } detector window. I am not sure about this. The } Sirion isolates the chamber from the diffusion pump } during specimen exchange. Plus, it has a chilled } water trap. So this may not be a problem. } } gg } }
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Hello, } } We recently aquired a JSM5600LV SEM, with a Peltier cold stage. What is the } purpose of using this decive? All info on this is welcome! } } Thanks } } Renaat Dasseville } Protistology & Aquatic Ecology } Dept. Biology, University Gent } Krijgslaan 281, S8 } 9000 Gent, B E L G I U M } } tel: +32 9 264 85 04 } fax +32 9 264 85 99 } }
---------------------------------------- Patton, David Email: David.Patton-at-uwe.ac.uk "University of the West of England"
We are trying to conduct immunofluorescent labeling of tissue arrays of paraffin sections of multiple tissue types (from Abcam).....we are having problems reducing the background fluorescence in some tissues....liver and lung to name just a few. These are blaring green with FITC secondary antibodies alone! Would anyone have good (low background noise) protocols for labeling these difficult tissue types?
I thank you in advance for any advice we can get on this. Sophie
Sophie Dahan, Ph.D. Senior Scientist, Microscopy Lab Caprion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Montreal, Quebec Canada
Microscopy and Digital Imaging: Advances and Applications. An afternoon with Dr. Alan Hibbs, Biocon, Ltd., Melbourne, Australia Thursday, August 1, 2002, Health Sciences Building Room G-417
1:30-2:15 Medical diagnosis using miniaturized confocal microscopes and a review of current confocal instruments for research.
2:30-3:15 Culture on the stage - growing cells and tissues on the microscope for live cell imaging.
3:30-4:30 Refreshments and a roundtable discussion of audience questions regarding microscopy, confocal microscopy, live cell imaging or related issues: with the audience, Dr. Hibbs, invited UW faculty and staff.
Dr. Hibbs provides training and consulting throughout the world for confocal microscopy and live cell microscopy.
Presented by: The University of Washington Core for Communication Research - V.M. Bloedel Hearing Research Center; Cellular Imaging Facility - Center for Human Development and Disability; W.M. Keck Center for Advanced Studies in Neural Signaling.
Refreshments are provided courtesy of Intelligent Imaging Innovations, Denver, CO www.intelligent-imaging.com
Please contact Glen MacDonald for more information. -- Glen MacDonald Microscopy and Imaging Facility University of Washington Core for Communication Research Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center Box 357923 University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-7923 glenmac-at-u.washington.edu (206) 616-4156 (206) 616-1828 fax ************************************************************************** C:} The box said "Requires Windows95 or better". So I bought a Macintosh. **************************************************************************
Many thanks for the many very creative approaches to preparing minute quantities of sperm for TEM. I'll pass them along to the investigator and give some of them a try.
Dotty
Dotty Sorenson Microscopy and Image Analysis Laboratory Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, Michigan (734)763-1170 FAX (734)763-1166 dsoren-at-umich.edu
Dear TEM Community, We have a Jeol 100C 100 KV TEM serial # EM156009-05, that we are willing to donate to a nonprofit or educational institution. The instrument was built in 1974 and is in fair condition. Scope has 3 sets of 50 plate film cassettes and boxes with built in vacuum film desiccator. It has been under service contract with Jeol for the last 10 years. We will be dismantling the scope at the end of this month It will be the donee's responsibility to come and take the microscope. Interested parties should send statement of purpose and reasons why we should select them as the donee for this microscope. Please contact
Joe Goodhouse Confocal / EM Core Laboratory Manager Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University jgoodhouse-at-molbio.princeton.edu 609-258-5432
Joe Goodhouse Confocal / EM Core Laboratory Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University 609-258-5432
Visit us at http://www.molbio.princeton.edu/facility/confocal/index.html
Try contacting Acton Technologies in Pennsylvania, USA, "www.actontech.com." I didn't see an etch specfically for Ni-Ti but they may offer some solutions. They make up custom mixtures as well as off-the-shelf products.
Peter Tomic Anadigics, Inc.
-----Original Message----- } From: cf_reu-at-ccmr.cornell.edu [mailto:cf_reu-at-ccmr.cornell.edu] Sent: Friday, July 19, 2002 9:49 AM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (cf_reu-at-ccmr.cornell.edu) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Thursday, July 18, 2002 at 10:00:16 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: cf_reu-at-ccmr.cornell.edu Name: Chris Fanning
Organization: Cornell University
Education: Undergraduate College
Location: Ithaca, Ny, US
Question: I am involved in undergraduate materials research on Nickel-Titanium (50.5% ni). I have prepared an ~1cm cube of nitinol potted in epoxy to be viewed in an SEM. Our goal is to obtain an ODF via an EBSD scan. to accomplish this we need to get well defined patterns in the EBSD. We are getting patterns now but they are not good enough. We are considering etching and need recomendations for etching solutions. Many people suggest an HF solution. Are there alternatives to HF?
Our material prep was, ... -cut with a slow speed (200 rpm) precision saw, diamond blade -rough polish with 240, 320, 480(?), 600, 1200 Si-carbide paper by hand -fine polish with 9u, 3u, 1u on nylon paper - polishing wheel, 200rpm -fine polish with colloidal silica, by hand -4 hrs on vibraory polisher with colloidal silica
any advice would be much appreciated! sorry for the long email,
} } Email: dpu-at-spdc.ti.com } Name: Dennis Pu } } Organization: Texas Instruments } } Education: Graduate College } } Location: Dallas, Texas 75243 } } Question: Hello, } This is not exactly a question for school, } but I hope we're all here to learn and explore. } My question deals with using microscopy to view } detailed images of the inside of vinyl record } grooves. My desire is to research what it might } take to build an optical record player. } I'm trying to determine whether it is } more practical to utilize some kind of optical } tracking of the groove for real-time play or } if scanning the whole record in at once and using } software to recognize the grooves and to produce } the sound would be better. } My first step is just to determine ways I } can use microscopy to even see inside groove. I'd } consider one economical option that hobbyists } could tinker with at home, and one "best" solution } archivists can use for transcribing old media } (vinyl, wax cylinders, acetates, etc...) without } having to use destructive mechanical means. } I'd appreciate any suggestions you have } to offer. } } Thanks, } Dennis Pu } } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } Dear Dennis, One problem you'll have is that vinyl doesn't reflect very well, so it will be hard to use optical microscopy to see the groove shape. Also, the contrast will be inherently low. Trying to get the 3-D shape of both sides of the groove will be a lot harder than determining this mechanically with a macroscopic version of the atomic-force microscope--aka stylus and cartridge. It might be possible to coat the grooves with a very thin layer of a reflective metal and get a stereo view; a CD reader must do something like this, but the information is probably stored in a different manner to facilitate optical reading. Good luck. Yours, Bill Tivol
I collect and restore wind up phonographs. I remember reading about a project where someone scanned Edison wax cylinder records with a laser(s) and created recordings that contained more sounds than could be heard through playing the records on the original phonographs. The information got recorded by the original mechanical means, but could not be heard through mechanical playing. They may have done it with early 78's, also, but I can't remember. It was a long time ago. FYI, the cylinder records are "vertically cut", as opposed to "horizontally cut" like the 78's and the later vinyl records.
Anyway, you might try searching for the information under phonos, records, etc.
Regards, Darrell
dpu-at-spdc.ti.com (by way of Nestor J. Zaluzec) on 07/19/2002 09:50:36 AM
To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com cc:
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (dpu-at-spdc.ti.com) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html#form on Thursday, July 18, 2002 at 13:16:32 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: dpu-at-spdc.ti.com Name: Dennis Pu
Organization: Texas Instruments
Education: Graduate College
Location: Dallas, Texas 75243
Question: Hello, This is not exactly a question for school, but I hope we're all here to learn and explore. My question deals with using microscopy to view detailed images of the inside of vinyl record grooves. My desire is to research what it might take to build an optical record player. I'm trying to determine whether it is more practical to utilize some kind of optical tracking of the groove for real-time play or if scanning the whole record in at once and using software to recognize the grooves and to produce the sound would be better. My first step is just to determine ways I can use microscopy to even see inside groove. I'd consider one economical option that hobbyists could tinker with at home, and one "best" solution archivists can use for transcribing old media (vinyl, wax cylinders, acetates, etc...) without having to use destructive mechanical means. I'd appreciate any suggestions you have to offer.
An interesting assignment. However, you should be aware that the grooves are an analog of the frequency and magnitude of the sounds recorded. If you image the grooves of a record, say on an electron microscope, you will notice that it not only has waves horizontally, but waves in the "Z" axis as well [vertically]. The two surfaces represent the left and right channels of a stereo recording, and are thus separated.
Your assignment seems to deal with a non-destructive method of getting that analog data off the surface by some means of "imaging." Electron microscopy, it seems to me, may image a small area, but generating "numbers" from that surface will be daunting. And it's numbers you need, not another analog representation. You may look into "ultrasonic" imaging, at least for the Z axis, something that works with "Time-of-flight" like radar, but acoustically. I have an instrument in the laboratory called a "Sonoscan" made by Sonoscan Corp. that can generate images of surfaces non-destructively. There is also AFM, [Atomic Force Microscope] but the scales you need are much more gross. You don't need to measure angstroms, but probably 10's of microns. One pass of a record needle on that vinyl and you've just milled off many angstroms. One question you will need to answer is what the dynamic range of those grooves are from peak to trough so that you can faithfully reconstruct the sound range in magnitude and the other question is the rate of change in the grooves per linear measure to reconstruct the frequency or pitch of the sound.
If you'd like, I would be more than happy to take a piece of vinyl record and image it in our SEM to give you some notion of the surface you are dealing with. However, you may have to supply the record, or at least a piece of it. My wife will not like me sawing up her Frank Sinatra records for such lofty scientific endeavors, even if it's for a student.
Good luck and publish your results.
Peter Tomic Anadigics, Inc.
-----Original Message----- } From: dpu-at-spdc.ti.com [mailto:dpu-at-spdc.ti.com] Sent: Friday, July 19, 2002 9:51 AM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (dpu-at-spdc.ti.com) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html#form on Thursday, July 18, 2002 at 13:16:32 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: dpu-at-spdc.ti.com Name: Dennis Pu
Organization: Texas Instruments
Education: Graduate College
Location: Dallas, Texas 75243
Question: Hello, This is not exactly a question for school, but I hope we're all here to learn and explore. My question deals with using microscopy to view detailed images of the inside of vinyl record grooves. My desire is to research what it might take to build an optical record player. I'm trying to determine whether it is more practical to utilize some kind of optical tracking of the groove for real-time play or if scanning the whole record in at once and using software to recognize the grooves and to produce the sound would be better. My first step is just to determine ways I can use microscopy to even see inside groove. I'd consider one economical option that hobbyists could tinker with at home, and one "best" solution archivists can use for transcribing old media (vinyl, wax cylinders, acetates, etc...) without having to use destructive mechanical means. I'd appreciate any suggestions you have to offer.
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (drands-at-avuhsd.k12.ca.us) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Friday, July 19, 2002 at 22:18:04 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: drands-at-avuhsd.k12.ca.us Name: Dave Rands
Organization: Lancaster High School/Special Education Department
Education: 9-12th Grade High School
Location: Lancaster, California, Los Angeles County
Question: We are having a difficult time getting our paraffin wax to fill in around our speciman. We have tried several things and have asked the other science teachers with no success. Can you help?
Hello everyone, I read the item about a hand-held system for GFP emission. Our lab has been using a number of lighting systems for GFP, YFP and RFP that are manufactured in Hungary by BLS ( http://www.bls-ltd.com/ ). Some results can be seen at ( http://www.mshri.on.ca/nagy ).Mr. Lajos Laszlo has many years of experience in the development of biological equipment. Regards, Stephen Black
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (nuruh-at-uccmail.co.tz) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Friday, July 19, 2002 at 09:54:16 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: nuruh-at-uccmail.co.tz Name: Saleh R
Organization: university of dar es salaam
Education: Graduate College
Location: Dar es salaam, Tanzania
Question: I want to index some spots of an electron diffraction patterns, which web sites and/or books can help me on this?
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (bjbecker-at-ucsd.edu) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Friday, July 19, 2002 at 20:01:15 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: bjbecker-at-ucsd.edu Name: Bonnie Becker
Organization: Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Education: Graduate College
Location: San Diego, CA USA
Question: I work with larval mussels (on the order of 100 microns), using laser ablation technology to analyze their chemical structures. I would like to stick them on a microscope slide such that
1. They don't pop off 2. I can put them on the slide in water and let the water dissolve without handling them individually. 3. If possible (doubt it), it should be trace metal free.
So, I am looking for a coated microscope slide, but I don't know if I need poly-l-lysine, silane, or something else? The shells are CaCO3, and they are on the order of 100 microns.
Schroedinger's cat aside, some ethical and legal issues about scientific images will be raised at M&M 2002 in Quebec.
First, at the Presidential Happenings symposium on Monday at 5:00, Colin Smith of Adobe Systems, Inc. in Canada will present "Harnessing the Power of Photoshop 7", demonstrating the new and powerful features of this latest release of Adobe Photoshop. Those of you who saw Julianne Kost's excellent presentation at M&M 2001 in Long Beach will remember the audience gasping at both the wonderful features of Photoshop 6 they may not have known about, and also at the power to potentially manipulate image data beyond all recognition.
On Tuesday the Problem Solving with the Experts program, beginning at 8:00 am, will be Addressing Issues in Digital Imaging for the Microscopist: II. In addition to Jose Mascorro speaking about converting film negatives to digital files and Judy Murphy explaining her solution for handling huge numbers of digital files in the microscopy laboratory, I will be presenting a talk, "Adobe Photoshop for Image Adjustment: How to Start and When to Stop". For the first part I will demonstrate the usual steps required to prepare digital micrographs and combine them into a figure plate for publication. Then I hope to stimulate a discussion on the kinds of manipulation that can be performed on images and the effects those may have on data, and what this might mean for truth and ethics in scientific imaging.
On Thursday, beginning at 10:30 am, the Technologists' Forum Roundtable Discussion will be about the Legal and Ethical Issues of Data Ownership, focusing on copyrights of images and other forms of data. Barbara M. Knoppers, a recognized expert in ethics and the law, and other representatives of academia and industry will be on the panel.
In addition, there may also be a Public Policy Committee session on Wednesday at 2:00 pm about the copyright and legal issues, so watch the program and daily newsletter for an announcement.
The MSA Education Committee has recently added a subcommittee on the Ethics of Digital Image Processing, with the purpose of drafting a white paper of recommendations.
As you can see, there are lots of opportunities for lively discussion!
See you all in Quebec, Aloha, Tina
**************************************************************************** * Tina (Weatherby) Carvalho * tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu * * Biological Electron Microscope Facility * (808) 956-6251 * * University of Hawaii at Manoa * http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bemf* ****************************************************************************
Listers, Here finally are the results of the facility support survey first put out at last year's M&M meeting, then on the microscopy and confocal listservers. Alltheusualexcuses for the delay. Including formatting the results in ascii for the email servers. I did try to think of wise things to say about this, but any comments would take far too much space for the listservers, so I've decided to simply present the raw numbers. I hope there will be room to run these results in Microscopy Today as graphs or something, but I can make no promises. %s of course don't add to 100 because of rounding errors.
The analyses of the returned surveys were done by Barbara Foster's crew MME ( mme-at-mail.map.com ). Many thanks, Barbara and gang.
There is no heading #1 as that contained information that would identify individual institutions. I discarded that information before I sent the surveys to MME or indeed did anything else. This information was collected solely in case of duplicate responses, and was trashed as soon as it was no longer needed for this purpose.
There is the usual problem with sample size. I hope the information will be useful in spite of this. I also hope some vestige of legible organization survives the email process ... Phil
2. Nature of institution COUNT % Academic 50 89 Other 4 7 Private research 2 4 Commercial 1 2 56 Total Respondents 57 Total Responses
3. Type of facility COUNT % Institution core 32 58 Departmental 19 35 Other 5 9 Satellite 1 2 55 Total Respondents 57 Total Responses 4. Predominate work COUNT % Biological 53 87 Materials 27 44 61 Total Respondents 80 Total Responses
5. User Base COUNT % Multi - user 56 93 Service 47 78 60 Total Respondents 103 Total Responses
6. Type of microscopes COUNT % TEM 48 80 SEM 36 60 Optical 18 30 Confocal 18 30 Other 18 30 Other Optical 16 27 FESEM 12 20 ESEM or LV 12 20 Other Confocal 5 8 Scanning Probe 5 8 FETEM 3 5 Other Scanning Probe 3 5 60 Total Respondents 194 Total Responses
7. Salaries COUNT % 100% Your Institution 31 50 80% Your Institution 6 10 50% Your Institution 5 8 100% User fees 4 6 20% Grants 4 6 100% Grants 4 6 10% Your Institution 3 5 20% User fees 3 5 25% User fees 3 5 30% User fees 3 5 50% User fees 3 5 25% Grants 3 5 70% Your Institution 2 3 75% Your Institution 2 3 10% User fees 2 3 10% Grants 2 3 50% Grants 2 3 Other 2 3 20% Your Institution 1 2 30% Your Institution 1 2 60% Your Institution 1 2 90% Your Institution 1 2 Other 1 2 40% User fees 1 2 60% User fees 1 2 80% User fees 1 2 Other User fee percentage 1 2 30% Grants 1 2 40% Grants 1 2 70% Grants 1 2 75% Grants 1 2 Other Grants 1 2 62 Total Respondents 98 Total Responses
8. Instrument maintenance COUNT % 100% User fees 19 31 100% Your Institution 18 30 50% Your Institution 6 9 50% Grants 4 6 10% Your Institution 3 5 90% Your Institution 3 5 50% User fees 3 5 60% User fees 3 5 20% Your Institution 2 3 40% Your Institution 2 3 Other 2 3 10% User fees 2 3 80% User fees 2 3 90% User fees 2 3 10% Grants 2 3 20% Grants 2 3 100% Grants 2 3 25% Your Institution 1 2 30% Your Institution 1 2 25% User fees 1 2 30% User fees 1 2 60% Grants 1 2 75% Grants 1 2 Other 1 2 61 Total Respondents 84 Total Responses
9. Replacement of existing equipment COUNT % 100% Grants 16 30 100% Your Institution 11 20 50% Your Institution 6 11 50% Grants 5 9 60% Grants 5 9 20% Your Institution 4 7 30% Your Institution 4 7 10% User fees 4 7 100% User fees 4 7 25% Your Institution 3 5 40% Your Institution 3 5 20% User fees 3 5 50% User fees 3 5 10% Your Institution 2 4 70% Grants 2 4 75% Grants 2 4 90% Grants 2 4 40% User fees 1 2 75% User fees 1 2 80% User fees 1 2 90% User fees 1 2 10% Grants 1 2 40% Grants 1 2 80% Grants 1 2 Other 1 2 56 Total Respondents 87 Total Responses
10. Purchasing of new equipment COUNT % 100% Grants 21 37 100% Your Institution 9 16 50% Your Institution 6 11 50% Grants 6 11 20% Your Institution 5 9 30% Your Institution 5 9 70% Grants 4 7 20% User fees 3 5 60% Grants 3 5 80% Grants 3 5 10% Your Institution 2 4 25% Your Institution 2 4 40% Your Institution 2 4 75% Your Institution 2 4 10% User fees 2 4 30% User fees 2 4 100% User fees 2 4 10% Grants 2 4 90% Grants 2 4 60% Your Institution 1 2 70% Your Institution 1 2 40% User fees 1 2 25% Grants 1 2 40% Grants 1 2 75% Grants 1 2 57 Total Respondents 89 Total Responses
11. Supplies COUNT % 100% User fees 28 46 100% Your Institution 9 15 50% Grants 5 8 80% Your Institution 4 7 10% Your Institution 3 5 50% Your Institution 3 5 50% User fees 3 5 90% User fees 3 5 10% Grants 3 5 90% Your Institution 2 3 10% User fees 2 3 30% User fees 2 3 20% Grants 2 3 100% Grants 2 3 20% Your Institution 1 2 25% Your Institution 1 2 30% Your Institution 1 2 40% Your Institution 1 2 60% Your Institution 1 2 20% User fees 1 2 25% User fees 1 2 40% User fees 1 2 60% User fees 1 2 80% User fees 1 2 40% Grants 1 2 70% Grants 1 2 90% Grants 1 2 Other 1 2 61 Total Respondents 85 Total Responses
12. Operating expenses COUNT % 100% User fees 19 40 100% Your Institution 16 33 50% Your Institution 6 12 50% User fees 6 12 100% Grants 3 6 20% Your Institution 1 2 40% Your Institution 1 2 60% Your Institution 1 2 80% Your Institution 1 2 40% User fees 1 2 60% User fees 1 2 80% User fees 1 2 20% Grants 1 2 Other 1 2 48 Total Respondents 59 Total Responses -- }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{ Philip Oshel Supervisor, AMFSC and BBPIC microscopy facilities Department of Animal Sciences University of Wisconsin 1675 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706 - 1284 voice: (608) 263-4162 fax: (608) 262-5157 (dept. fax)
Will the transactions at the conference be available either electronically or via print? This would be most interesting.
I'm curious about the distinction between ethics and legal issues. Image analysis technology can produce legal data in cases where it was not possible in the past. I don't see that this has anything to do with ethics. It seems to me to be an issue of what can technology do and then what will the legal system accept? There are numerous instances of this issue. So far as I know, technology won.
when I saw your query, I thought I had seen such a technology mentioned in a magazine. If you look at the websites below there are companies which are already using laser scanning technology to read vinyl LPs.
http://www.stereotimes.com/turn030300.shtm
http://avconvert.com/laserturntable/
This would suggest that this is a mature technology but the 'kit' is very expensive.
Malcolm Haswell
"by way of Nestor J. Zaluzec" wrote: } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was } submitted by (dpu-at-spdc.ti.com) from } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html#form on } Thursday, July 18, 2002 at 13:16:32 } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Email: dpu-at-spdc.ti.com } Name: Dennis Pu } } Organization: Texas Instruments } } Education: Graduate College } } Location: Dallas, Texas 75243 } } Question: Hello, } This is not exactly a question for school, } but I hope we're all here to learn and explore. } My question deals with using microscopy to view } detailed images of the inside of vinyl record } grooves. My desire is to research what it might } take to build an optical record player. } I'm trying to determine whether it is } more practical to utilize some kind of optical } tracking of the groove for real-time play or } if scanning the whole record in at once and using } software to recognize the grooves and to produce } the sound would be better. } My first step is just to determine ways I } can use microscopy to even see inside groove. I'd } consider one economical option that hobbyists } could tinker with at home, and one "best" solution } archivists can use for transcribing old media } (vinyl, wax cylinders, acetates, etc...) without } having to use destructive mechanical means. } I'd appreciate any suggestions you have } to offer. } } Thanks, } Dennis Pu
What kind of specimens are you working with? I'm not sure what you meant by " {/color} We are having a difficult time getting our paraffin wax to fill in around our speciman" - do you mean the wax won't literally surround your specimen, or do you mean the wax won't go {italic} inside {/italic} the specimen? If you mean it won't go inside the specimen, you can try placing your specimen, together with the wax, under a vacuum overnight. If this still doesn't work.... maybe your tissue isn't fixed properly?
Hope this helps! {color} {param} 0100,0100,0100 {/param}
{nofill}
"When life hands you a lemon ... bring out the tequila and salt."
The liver is a biochemical factory with one of its functions focused on detoxification. It's association with degradation of hemoglobin is the source of your consternation. If you want to defeat the autofluorescence, you will have to post-process the molecules to "quench" them chemically without destroying any of the cellular antigens. Since the source of this background is most likely large quantities of resonant molecules, I would think a bath in bromine (additive) might do the trick, or a hydrogenation (additive too but perhaps more dangerous), or a hydration, but the last is usually hydrolytic. This starts as a problem in organic chemistry and ends with a choice of a relatively mild alternative.
The folks at Yale seem to have some experience here, you might ask them directly for help on the above.
I think!
Good luck,
Fred Monson
Frederick C. Monson, PhD Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging Schmucker II Science Center West Chester University South Church Street and Rosedale West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 Phone: 610-738-0437 FAX: 610-738-0437 fmonson-at-wcupa.edu CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/
} ---------- } From: Sophie Dahan } Sent: Friday, July 19, 2002 12:35 PM } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: Immunofluorescence labeling of liver and lung paraffin } sections } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Hi, } } We are trying to conduct immunofluorescent labeling of tissue arrays of } paraffin sections of multiple tissue types (from Abcam).....we are having } problems reducing the background fluorescence in some tissues....liver and } lung to name just a few. These are blaring green with FITC secondary } antibodies alone! } Would anyone have good (low background noise) protocols for labeling these } difficult tissue types? } } I thank you in advance for any advice we can get on this. } Sophie } } Sophie Dahan, Ph.D. } Senior Scientist, Microscopy Lab } Caprion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. } Montreal, Quebec } Canada } } }
Here's the REAL dope, answering your question with a photo and a URL.
Hope it helps: http://members01.chello.se/christer.hamp/phono/poliak.html
Regards,
Fred Monson
Frederick C. Monson, PhD Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging Schmucker II Science Center West Chester University South Church Street and Rosedale West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 Phone: 610-738-0437 FAX: 610-738-0437 fmonson-at-wcupa.edu CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/
} ---------- } From: dpu-at-spdc.ti.com } Sent: Friday, July 19, 2002 9:50 AM } To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: Ask-A-Microscopist: Imaging Grooves in Records } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was } submitted by (dpu-at-spdc.ti.com) from } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html#form on } Thursday, July 18, 2002 at 13:16:32 } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- } - } } Email: dpu-at-spdc.ti.com } Name: Dennis Pu } } Organization: Texas Instruments } } Education: Graduate College } } Location: Dallas, Texas 75243 } } Question: Hello, } This is not exactly a question for school, } but I hope we're all here to learn and explore. } My question deals with using microscopy to view } detailed images of the inside of vinyl record } grooves. My desire is to research what it might } take to build an optical record player. } I'm trying to determine whether it is } more practical to utilize some kind of optical } tracking of the groove for real-time play or } if scanning the whole record in at once and using } software to recognize the grooves and to produce } the sound would be better. } My first step is just to determine ways I } can use microscopy to even see inside groove. I'd } consider one economical option that hobbyists } could tinker with at home, and one "best" solution } archivists can use for transcribing old media } (vinyl, wax cylinders, acetates, etc...) without } having to use destructive mechanical means. } I'd appreciate any suggestions you have } to offer. } } Thanks, } Dennis Pu } } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- } - } }
This is not a technical problem. I am seaching for graphics software for creating\printing posters and banners. We have poster sessions several times a year for the students. We were using an old DOS program but our computer lab has been upgraded(OS + network printers) and I can't get the program to work with the network printers.
Does anyone have any suggestions for this software application? It has to be user friendly because of the students. And it has to be cheap because of the budget.
Thanks,
Steve Widing EM Tech / Computer Labs Manager Biology Department Temple University Philadelphia, PA
Course Announcement for Microscopy Workshop, west coast Deadline to enroll August 7, 2002
The seminar / workshop will be an intensive lecture/laboratory series that will enable participants to develop theoretical and hands-on expertise with light microscopes. Attendees will closely interact with the instructors while using modern research grade microscopes, cameras, and computers.
The Integrated Microscopy Facility, operated by the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MCDB) and the Neuroscience Research Institute (NRI), is offering a workshop on modern techniques in microscopy and electronic imaging. This 5-day workshop will be offered from September 9th through September 13th, 2001 and will consist of lectures and laboratory exercises that will run from 9 am to approximately 5 pm each day.
The seminars and laboratories will cover basic optical theory and how it pertains to increasing contrast (signal to noise ratio) in biological samples. Fundamental techniques such as fluorescence, phase contrast, Nomarski differential interference contrast, and darkfield imaging will be taught and attendees will use microscopes equipped to perform these optical enhancement techniques. In addition, the theory and practice of electronic image acquisition (analog and digital) will be discussed and attendees will work with low-light cameras, digital image processing computers, and morphometric programs. There are five research grade microscopes, five electronic imaging cameras, three computer workstations, and one confocal microscope. With a maximum enrollment of 10 students, there will be ample opportunity to work with all of the microscopes and cameras. For those so interested, intensive hands-on instruction and guidance on the confocal microscope will be provided. Working together with the instructors, the participants will gain theoretical and practical experience on applying modern optical and computational techniques for biological research.
September 9th Morning Lab and Seminar: Fundamentals of Microscopy. Parts of the microscope, obtaining Köhler illumination and the nature of light. Afternoon Lab and Seminar: Optical Enhancement of the Image. Phase contrast, darkfield, and Nomarski Differential Interference Contrast. After 6pm: Optional review and lab work.
September 10th Morning Lab and Seminar: Fluorescence microscopy: Selection of fluorochromes, filters and objectives. Afternoon Lab and Seminar: Role of specimen preparation in Fluorescence microscopy. Introduction to digital microscopy. After 6pm: Optional review and lab work.
September 11th Morning Lab and Seminar: Image Acquisition for Microscopy: Selection of electronic cameras. Afternoon Lab and Seminar: Computer Enhancement of the image: Uses of image processing. After 6 pm: Optional review and lab work.
September 12th Morning Lab and Seminar: Confocal Microscopy and Deconvolution Afternoon Lab and Seminar: Continuation with Confocal Microscopy and 3D imaging After 6pm: Beach Barbecue
We have a new liquid-He holder. However, it takes three men to work together for about one and half hours for every filling up of the holder. At the same time, there is high risk to destroy the vacuum. Then we have merely about 30 minutes' working time.
Please let me know your kind suggestions on the possible techniques of the transferring of the liquid He from the tank to the holder. For example, is it possible to put the He tank in near room and use some transferring kits connecting the tank and the holder so as to be able to work continuously?
Any replies from commercial sources or vendors are welcome to my personal email address: jinsong.wu-at-asu.edu.
Thanks a lot,
jinsong wu Department of Physics and Astronomy Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287-1504
Hi, I need a piece of the TEM Philips 301, and I need to know if someone can donate it, or sell it, it is the ROLL MEMBRANE of the camera plates, the serial number is 5322 360 40071
Thanks
Gabriel Adriano Rosa Area Servicios Generales Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, 4 piso, Pab. II, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA TE -(54-11)-4576-3349 FAX (54-11)-4576-3384 e-mail micros-at-bg.fcen.uba.ar
} Will the transactions at the conference be available } either electronically or via print? This would be most } interesting. } } I'm curious about the distinction between ethics and } legal issues. Image analysis technology can produce } legal data in cases where it was not possible in the past. } I don't see that this has anything to do with ethics. It } seems to me to be an issue of what can technology do } and then what will the legal system accept? There are numerous } instances of this issue. So far as I know, technology won.
I hope to have a transcript of these sessions available in print at some point.
One thing I hope we can do is make the distinction between manipulation of "native" images (the definition of which is also a question) for publication as a representation of true image, and "image analysis" for ferreting out information from these images.
A few organizations have guidelines for image manipulation:
1. The criminal justice system has a Scientific Working Group on Imaging Technologies (SWGIT) that has come up with recommendations for capture, storage, processing, analysis, transmission and output of images. http://www.for-swg.org/it_files/swgit_guidelines.html
2. The National Press Photographers Association (NPPA) has a general code of ethics and a statement specifically about digital media at http://www.nppa.org/services/bizpract/digitalethics.html See also the DigitalCustom Model Ethics Guidelines at http://www.digitalcustom.com/howto/mediaguidelines.htm for suggested guidelines for journalists.
3. The Department of Defense once had a Memorandum on Digital Manipulation that appeared in the Military Review. Although I have not managed to get my hands on the original, it is reproduced in part at http://media.gn.apc.org/manidod.html
4. Other organizations, such as the North American Nature Photographers Association (NANPA) have ethics committees that are trying to formulate guidelines, or at least a way to label what sorts of manipulations have been performed on images. See a couple of papers and discussions at http://www.nanpa.org/committees/ethics/manip_intro.html
In addition, several agencies, such as the FDA, have guidelines for the handling, transmission and storage of images, especially those potentially involved in legal issues. In those cases, each step in acquiring, storing, moving and manipulation of images must be documented, as well as a record of anyone who has accessed those files.
Generally, these organizations have had to come up with guidelines for images that may be used in legal proceedings. However, research scientists generally operate in a self-policing environment, where a code of ethics encourages presentation of the "truth". All kinds of data can be manipulated in many ways, either fraudently or innocently. It's the innocent/uninformed/untrained use of digital image manipulation that scares me the most!
Aloha, Tina
**************************************************************************** * Tina (Weatherby) Carvalho * tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu * * Biological Electron Microscope Facility * (808) 956-6251 * * University of Hawaii at Manoa * http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bemf* ****************************************************************************
It spite of my best efforts to format the survey with Geneva fixed-width font in ascii, it still came across to some folks (many?) all disarranged. So Here is the survey reformatted by J Quinn at SUNY (Stony Brook, I believe). Phil **************************************************
2. Nature of institution COUNT % Academic 50 89 Other 4 7 Private research 2 4 Commercial 1 2
In imaging, it would be unethical for a female model to hand deliver a photo which showed an amplified chest prior to surgery, unless she stipulated that she is hopeful that she will look as she appears in the photo after her surgery is done. If, on the other hand, she sent such photos thru the mail without an accompanying declaration, she might be arrested for fraudulent use of the mail.
It is both legal and ethical for the model to send such an amplified photo to past and future clients and ask if she has surgery and alters her appearance as in the photo whether she will be more or less employable.
She can be both legal and ethical with her boyfriends by sending them such a photo and asking whether she will be more or less enjoyable after such an alteration.
It would be illegal for the model to represent herself with an enhanced chest in a public advertisement without the declaration. She would also be leaving herself legally liable is she, unethically, used such a photo to acquire employment on the pretence that she had the chest in the photograph unless she arrived at the job with a note from her physician attesting to the fact that between the sending of the photograph, her employment and her arrival, her chest had suffered a deflation.
I cannot think of anything more along these lines now. I would have to see the original and altered photographs before reaching any other conclusions.
They may be sent to the address below.
If a male model were to act in the manner of the female described above, let the employer and boyfriend beware, there is NO legal or ethical issue that can save them.
Regards,
Fred Monson
Frederick C. Monson, PhD Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging Schmucker II Science Center West Chester University South Church Street and Rosedale West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 Phone: 610-738-0437 FAX: 610-738-0437 fmonson-at-wcupa.edu CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/
} ---------- } From: Gary Gaugler } Sent: Sunday, July 21, 2002 8:53 PM } To: MSA listserver } Subject: Re: Ethical and legal issues in imaging } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Will the transactions at the conference be available } either electronically or via print? This would be most } interesting. } } I'm curious about the distinction between ethics and } legal issues. Image analysis technology can produce } legal data in cases where it was not possible in the past. } I don't see that this has anything to do with ethics. It } seems to me to be an issue of what can technology do } and then what will the legal system accept? There are numerous } instances of this issue. So far as I know, technology won. } } gary g. } } }
We have a Leitz Ortholux II optical microscope that needs to be serviced. I tried to contact the manufacturer for the a list of service center nearby, but the 2 companies they indicated are possibly out-of-business (phone number not working). Can someone indicate some service center near tho my area, Albany-NY? What we need is clean/align the optics and fix a mechanical problem with the stage. Regards,
Carlos
o-------------------------------------------------------o | Carlos Kazuo Inoki | | Department of Physics - University at Albany | | 1400 Washington Ave.- Albany - NY - 12222 | o-------------------------------------------------------o
Adobe Illustrator is the software of choice for making posters. It is available at academic discount for educators for about $80-$150 or so. Other option would be to buy an older used version from somone. You should be able to get it quite cheaply.
Other software you might find economic and useful is from www.jasc.com they have paintshop pro which is similar to photoshop, but much cheaper.
\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ Gordon Ante Vrdoljak Electron Microscope Lab ICQ 23243541 http://nature.berkeley.edu/~gvrdolja 26 Giannini Hall gvrdolja-at-nature.berkeley.edu UC Berkeley phone (510) 642-2085 Berkeley CA 94720-3330 fax (510) 643-6207 cell (510) 290-6793
On Mon, 22 Jul 2002, swiding wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Hello List, } } This is not a technical problem. I am seaching for graphics } software for creating\printing posters and banners. We have poster } sessions several times a year for the students. We were using an old } DOS program but our computer lab has been upgraded(OS + network printers) } and I can't get the program to work with the network printers. } } Does anyone have any suggestions for this software application? It has to } be user friendly because of the students. And it has to be cheap because } of the budget. } } } Thanks, } } Steve Widing } EM Tech / Computer Labs Manager } Biology Department } Temple University } Philadelphia, PA } }
I suggest that you look into Paint Shop Pro from JASC Software. This is a Photoshop-type program with a lot of functionality and low price ~$100US. I think that the program can be downloaded for evaluation at jasc.com. We use this program extensively for posters, image processing, printing, etc. -- Larry D. Hanke, P.E. Materials Evaluation and Engineering, Inc. Practical Solutions Through Technology and Innovation http://www.mee-inc.com (763) 449-8870
on 7/22/02 11:03 AM, swiding at swiding-at-temple.edu wrote:
} } This is not a technical problem. I am seaching for graphics } software for creating\printing posters and banners. We have poster } sessions several times a year for the students. We were using an old } DOS program but our computer lab has been upgraded(OS + network printers) } and I can't get the program to work with the network printers. } } Does anyone have any suggestions for this software application? It has to } be user friendly because of the students. And it has to be cheap because } of the budget. } Dear Steve, I have used PrintMaster for this and other applications. They do not make a version for Mac (boo, hiss) but their Windows version works well, is not expensive, and is easy to use. Good luck. I am not affiliated with this product or its manufacturer (not even as a user, since I now have an iBook). Yours, Bill Tivol
on 7/22/02 1:33 PM, jinsong wu at jinsong.wu-at-asu.edu wrote:
} We have a new liquid-He holder. However, it takes three men to } work together for about one and half hours for every filling up of the } holder. At the same time, there is high risk to destroy the vacuum. } Then we have merely about 30 minutes' working time. } } Please let me know your kind suggestions on the possible techniques } of the transferring of the liquid He from the tank to the holder. } For example, is it possible to put the He tank in near room and use } some transferring kits connecting the tank and the holder so as to be } able to work continuously? } } Any replies from commercial sources or vendors are welcome to my } personal email address: jinsong.wu-at-asu.edu. } } Thanks a lot, } Dear Jinsong, Could you please post a summary of the replies you get to the list (assuming I'm not the only one interested)? TIA. Yours, Bill Tivol
Dear all, I asked once before but didn't get many replies.
What software are people using for interpreting TEM images and diffraction patterns?
I am here NOT including simulation of HREM or simulation of dislocation images in CTEM.
What I am particularly interested in is simulation of Kikuchi patterns and SAD patterns, and plotting of stereographic projections for determining dislocation line directions.
Do the makers of Desktop Microscopist still exist? Is there a current version of this package? What is it like? Earlier versions tended to have rather too many bugs and a tendency for unexpected crashes. Nevertheless, it did lots of useful stuff.
Is Ideal Microscope still for sale? This is also handy for some things.
It doesn't have to be for Mac, it could also be for PC.
why not use Powerpoint? OK, it is from Microsoft, but as most universities have a campus licence for MS Office, and most students have it on their personal computers, too, it might be a solution. And the students have to learn to work with all Office-programs anyway...
:-) Torsten
Torsten Fregin
Universität Hamburg - Zoologisches Institut Abt. Neurophysiologie AG Wiese - Raum 413 Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3 20146 Hamburg, Germany Telefon *49-(0)40-42838-3931 Fax *49-(0)40-42838-3937 eMail Torsten.Fregin-at-zoologie.uni-hamburg.de Torsten-at-Fregin.de
Another *REALLY* inexpensive solution that faculty and students here have been using for posters has been Power Point (Really inexpensive if you have MS Office already). Now power point has very little image manipulation capability, so we fiddle images (EM, LM, Photo's, Graphs, Gels, etc.) else where (Corel Photopaint, Adobe Photoshop, etc.), save as JPEG's or TIFF's etc. and insert in Power Point. But Power point is easy to arrange images and text.
} This is not a technical problem. I am seaching for graphics } software for creating\printing posters and banners. We have poster } sessions several times a year for the students. We were using an old } DOS program but our computer lab has been upgraded(OS + network printers) } and I can't get the program to work with the network printers. } } Does anyone have any suggestions for this software application? It has to } be user friendly because of the students. And it has to be cheap because } of the budget. } } } Thanks, } } Steve Widing } EM Tech / Computer Labs Manager } Biology Department } Temple University } Philadelphia, PA
Richard E. Edelmann, Ph.D. Electron Microscopy Facility Supervisor 352 Pearson Hall Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056 Ph: 513.529.5712 Fax: 513.529.4243 E-mail: edelmare-at-muohio.edu http://www.emf.muohio.edu
Dear all, What do you consider to be the standard terminology for microscopy involving a conventional microscope with the sample illuminated by light?
Optical microscopy?
Light Microscopy?
Light optical microscopy?
Something else?
The first seems to be often used, but as far as I can see, every form of microscopy is optical, whether using light, electrons, X-rays or something else. So, it seems to be a bit too vague.
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Fred, I think your example is in extremely poor taste. What is legal and ethical involving one's own body is between that individual and their doctor, dentist, etc. and none of your business. This has little or nothing to do with scientific data. Debby Sherman
On Monday, July 22, 2002 3:44 PM, Monson, Frederick C. {fmonson-at-wcupa.edu} wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
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Steve,
Microsoft Powerpoint works fairly well if the posters are not huge. You just have to give the program enough memory. Go to Page Setup and set it for banner or custom (upper left) with your poster size inserted. This program is not as good as some drawing programs but is readily available on most computers and your printers should be able to handle it. Just remember that sometimes printers have a hardtime printing the background color. If that happens just make a box the size of the background and fill it with the color or pattern of preference. It should print fine. Debby
Debby Sherman Phone: 765-494-6666 Life Science Microscopy Facility FAX: 765-494-5896 Purdue University E-mail: dsherman-at-purdue.edu S-052 Whistler Building West Lafayette, IN 47907
On Monday, July 22, 2002 10:03 AM, swiding-at-temple.edu wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
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I certainly do not have as much experience as many on this list serve but with my training and experience to date, I have never heard the term "optical microscopy" used. Microscopy using an incandescent or "normal" bulb is typically referred to as "light microscopy" or "bright-field microscopy".
Someone please correct me if I'm in error.
Cheers!
------------------------------------------ Christopher S. Zurenko Research Assistant Kresge Hearing Research Institute The University of Michigan Medical School MSRB 3, Room 9303 1150 W. Medical Center Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0648 Lab Phone: 734-763-9680 czurenko-at-umich.edu http://www.khri.med.umich.edu/research/raphael_lab/index.htm
I will propose a rough definition to be shredded, confirmed and clarified by others.
First of all, I'm going to call it "light microscopy" instead of "optical microscopy".
Light microscopy involves radiation from the UV (approximately 320 nm) through the infra red (approximately 1100 nm). This can be transmittance or reflectance. Typically, we mean by use of compound optics.
____________________________________________________________________________ Michael Cammer Analytical Imaging Facility Albert Einstein Coll. of Med. Jack & Pearl Resnick Campus 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY 10461 (718) 430-2890 Fax: 430-8996 URL: http://www.aecom.yu.edu/aif/
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Dear all, } What do you consider to be the standard terminology for microscopy involving } a conventional microscope with the sample illuminated by light? } } Optical microscopy? } } Light Microscopy? } } Light optical microscopy? } } Something else? } } The first seems to be often used, but as far as I can see, every form of } microscopy is optical, whether using light, electrons, X-rays or something } else. So, it seems to be a bit too vague. } } What should I use then? } } Best wishes } } Ian MacLaren } N.B. New address } TU-Darmstadt, FB Materialwissenschaft, FG Strukturforschung } Petersenstr. 23, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany } Tel: +49 6151 162894 } ian.maclaren-at-physics.org / http://members.lycos.co.uk/IanMacLaren/ } } }
|--------------------------------------------------| Tamara Howard Department of Cell Biology and Physiology University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center Albuquerque, NM 87131 thoward-at-unm.edu |--------------------------------------------------|
OK-1. I was told, by friendly, and private, warnings, that my example would get a response like this. Well, OK-2. I have spent the last 20 minutes carefully crafting an appropriate response, but in the end I decided to remain 'friendly' rather than speak to a parenthetic, and impertinent, side issue. Thus, the result of those minutes resides in my 'Draft' folder.
Now I want it clearly understood, that if I had received THIS message in private, that I would have apologized, sincerely, for the pain I had caused. But it wasn't friendly either.
The issue, however, IS imaging and how processing/alteration relate to ethical and legal issues. I chose an example, BECAUSE it should have focused on the many effects imaging/images have on our lives.
Finally, the fact that I married a beautifully proportioned woman when I was 25 was, when all was said and done, 95% her choice and less than 5% mine, because I did listen to the opinions of others while I basked in the light of my good fortune. Also, my Mother, at the age of 67, had a breast reduction (is that Politically correct?), which was more for her comfort and less for her appearance. Both of these occurrences must be the reason for my lack of understanding that our discussion was about imaging and not body parts, and that much of our imaging has been and will continue to be of body parts from animals, people and automobile engines.
So let's stick to the issue, and don't make me send the other message which was about defending my right of subject (the FIRST amendment???) selection. And, if you don't like my choice of example, pick a better one and let's discuss the real issue.
Respectfully,
Fred Monson
P.S. I will not comment further on this parenthetic unless suitably provoked!
} ---------- } From: Debby Sherman } Reply To: Debby Sherman } Sent: Tuesday, July 23, 2002 9:34 AM } To: 'Gary Gaugler'; Monson, Frederick C. } Cc: 'List-Microscopy' } Subject: Re: Ethical and legal issues in imaging } } Fred, } I think your example is in extremely poor taste. What is legal and } ethical involving one's own body is between that individual and their } doctor, dentist, etc. and none of your business. This has little or } nothing to do with scientific data. } Debby Sherman } } On Monday, July 22, 2002 3:44 PM, Monson, Frederick C. {fmonson-at-wcupa.edu} } wrote: } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } Hi Gary, } } } } In imaging, it would be unethical for a female model to hand deliver a } photo } } which showed an amplified chest prior to surgery, unless she stipulated } that } } she is hopeful that she will look as she appears in the photo after her } } surgery is done. If, on the other hand, she sent such photos thru the } mail } } without an accompanying declaration, she might be arrested for fraudulent } } use of the mail. } } } } It is both legal and ethical for the model to send such an amplified } photo } } to past and future clients and ask if she has surgery and alters her } } appearance as in the photo whether she will be more or less } } employable. } } } } She can be both legal and ethical with her boyfriends by sending them } such a } } photo and asking whether she will be more or less enjoyable after such an } } alteration. } } } } It would be illegal for the model to represent herself with an } } enhanced chest in a public advertisement without the declaration. She } would } } also be leaving herself legally liable is she, unethically, used such a } } photo to acquire employment on the pretence that she had the chest in the } } photograph unless she arrived at the job with a note from her physician } } attesting to the fact that between the sending of the photograph, her } } employment and her arrival, her chest had suffered a deflation. } } } } I cannot think of anything more along these lines now. I would have } } to see the original and altered photographs before reaching any other } } conclusions. } } } } They may be sent to the address below. } } } } If a male model were to act in the manner of the female described } } above, let the employer and boyfriend beware, there is NO legal or } ethical } } issue that can save them. } } } } Regards, } } } } Fred Monson } } } } Frederick C. Monson, PhD } } Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging } } Schmucker II Science Center } } West Chester University } } South Church Street and Rosedale } } West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 } } Phone: 610-738-0437 } } FAX: 610-738-0437 } } fmonson-at-wcupa.edu } } CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ } } WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ } } Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/ } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } ---------- } } } From: Gary Gaugler } } } Sent: Sunday, July 21, 2002 8:53 PM } } } To: MSA listserver } } } Subject: Re: Ethical and legal issues in imaging } } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } Will the transactions at the conference be available } } } either electronically or via print? This would be most } } } interesting. } } } } } } I'm curious about the distinction between ethics and } } } legal issues. Image analysis technology can produce } } } legal data in cases where it was not possible in the past. } } } I don't see that this has anything to do with ethics. It } } } seems to me to be an issue of what can technology do } } } and then what will the legal system accept? There are numerous } } } instances of this issue. So far as I know, technology won. } } } } } } gary g. } } } } } } } } } } } } }
Here is what the Encyclopedia Britannica has to say about "Optics":
science concerned with the genesis and propagation of light, the changes that it undergoes and produces, and other phenomena closely associated with it. There are two major branches of optics, physical and geometrical. Physical optics deals primarily with the nature and properties of light itself. Geometrical optics has to do with the principles that govern the...
(They would not give me more). Then there is this for "electron optics":
branch of physics that is concerned with beams of electrons, their deflection and focusing by electric and magnetic fields, their interference when crossing each other, and their diffraction or bending when passing very near matter or through the spacings in its submicroscopic structure. Electron optics is based on the wave properties of electrons, which, according...
The Encyclopedia Britannica, however, uses "Light microscopy", not "optical microscopy".
Both phrases are being used, and generally people understand what you are saying regardless of what you are using. In fact, even "Light microscopy" should be qualified further as in "Visible Light microscopy" (as opposed to "Infrared microscopy").
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Ian MacLaren [mailto:maclaren-at-tu-darmstadt.de] Sent: Tuesday, July 23, 2002 6:05 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Dear all, What do you consider to be the standard terminology for microscopy involving a conventional microscope with the sample illuminated by light?
Optical microscopy?
Light Microscopy?
Light optical microscopy?
Something else?
The first seems to be often used, but as far as I can see, every form of microscopy is optical, whether using light, electrons, X-rays or something else. So, it seems to be a bit too vague.
Good points. But this is from the standpoint of the model--who I presume did not prepare the manipulated photos. How do ethics play into the "picture" relative to those who create them?
I can think of one. Suppose a person is accused of a crime. Some optical evidence is manipulated to either acquit them or condemn them. This would be un-ethical for the preparer either way. But knowing that an image could be manipulated, would the prosecutor or defense argue that the image was improperly manipulated?
What I'm thinking of is the ability to see things that otherwise could not be visualized. These things can make or break a legal event.
Check out:
http://www.imagecontent.com/lucis/whitepaper.html
especially the forensic application link.
gary g.
Disclaimer: I am an authorized dealer for Image Content products. Lucis is used in forensic science.
At 01:44 PM 7/22/2002, you wrote: } Hi Gary, } } In imaging, it would be unethical for a female model to hand deliver a photo } which showed an amplified chest prior to surgery, unless she stipulated that } she is hopeful that she will look as she appears in the photo after her } surgery is done. If, on the other hand, she sent such photos thru the mail } without an accompanying declaration, she might be arrested for fraudulent } use of the mail. } } It is both legal and ethical for the model to send such an amplified photo } to past and future clients and ask if she has surgery and alters her } appearance as in the photo whether she will be more or less employable. } } She can be both legal and ethical with her boyfriends by sending them such a } photo and asking whether she will be more or less enjoyable after such an } alteration. } } It would be illegal for the model to represent herself with an } enhanced chest in a public advertisement without the declaration. She would } also be leaving herself legally liable is she, unethically, used such a } photo to acquire employment on the pretence that she had the chest in the } photograph unless she arrived at the job with a note from her physician } attesting to the fact that between the sending of the photograph, her } employment and her arrival, her chest had suffered a deflation. } } I cannot think of anything more along these lines now. I would have } to see the original and altered photographs before reaching any other } conclusions. } } They may be sent to the address below. } } If a male model were to act in the manner of the female described } above, let the employer and boyfriend beware, there is NO legal or ethical } issue that can save them. } } Regards, } } Fred Monson } } Frederick C. Monson, PhD } Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging } Schmucker II Science Center } West Chester University } South Church Street and Rosedale } West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 } Phone: 610-738-0437 } FAX: 610-738-0437 } fmonson-at-wcupa.edu } CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ } WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ } Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/ } } } } } } } } ---------- } } From: Gary Gaugler } } Sent: Sunday, July 21, 2002 8:53 PM } } To: MSA listserver } } Subject: Re: Ethical and legal issues in imaging } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } Will the transactions at the conference be available } } either electronically or via print? This would be most } } interesting. } } } } I'm curious about the distinction between ethics and } } legal issues. Image analysis technology can produce } } legal data in cases where it was not possible in the past. } } I don't see that this has anything to do with ethics. It } } seems to me to be an issue of what can technology do } } and then what will the legal system accept? There are numerous } } instances of this issue. So far as I know, technology won. } } } } gary g. } } } } } }
I found out what was giving me this bad contamination of my grids in the Philps EM 201. It was the O-ring which is located within the specimen holder. This O-ring is sitting at the rod (which you move by pressing the button at the end of the specimen holder) which pushes this "claw-mechanism" forward, thus releasing the tip of the specimen holder with the grid. This O-ring and the area around it was smeared with some slimy, black stuff. Maybe material of the O-ring itself, but for sure way too much of some grease. So every grid I inserted got his own cloud of dirt. Nice! Why it started so suddenly to give me this contamination problem, I have no idea. But I know, sometimes things just start all of a sudden to go wrong. I should have thought much earlier about the inside of the specimen holder. There are moving parts, telling me that there should be also an O-ring and stuff. It is funny, I think because I worked for so long exclusively with a CM 10 and its "one-piece" specimen holder, I just did not see the problem. Scary, how limited thinking can become if you get used to a specific system.
So Fred Monson was right with his statement: So, here's what I think from what you have told me. All of a sudden, you are getting the rain of death from the 201, and you have thought of everything but, perhaps?????, an outgassing (old o-ring) phenomenon associated with inserting the stage. The proverbial "cloud of dust".
It was such a good feeling to clean the specimen holder, put a grid in the scope and everything is back to normal!
Ian, I think it would be great if the term light microscopy were used. TEM is definitely an optical microscopy technique. You could argue about SEM. While the column is electron optical, the image formation mechanism is not. SPM is not with possible exception of near field.
My two cents. Or maybe one today. The longer I work the farther I am from retirement!!!! Russ Gillmeister Xerox ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-----Original Message----- } From: Ian MacLaren [mailto:maclaren-at-tu-darmstadt.de] Sent: Tuesday, July 23, 2002 8:05 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Dear all, What do you consider to be the standard terminology for microscopy involving a conventional microscope with the sample illuminated by light?
Optical microscopy?
Light Microscopy?
Light optical microscopy?
Something else?
The first seems to be often used, but as far as I can see, every form of microscopy is optical, whether using light, electrons, X-rays or something else. So, it seems to be a bit too vague.
I asked this same question of Barry Carter and his response was the best I've heard:
Visible light microscopy or VLM.
Ron
-----Original Message----- } From: Ian MacLaren [mailto:maclaren-at-tu-darmstadt.de] Sent: Tuesday, July 23, 2002 8:05 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Dear all, What do you consider to be the standard terminology for microscopy involving a conventional microscope with the sample illuminated by light?
Optical microscopy?
Light Microscopy?
Light optical microscopy?
Something else?
The first seems to be often used, but as far as I can see, every form of microscopy is optical, whether using light, electrons, X-rays or something else. So, it seems to be a bit too vague.
I'll locate my reprint at home that will provide an answer and let you know tomorrow. The great John R. Baker of England authored a series of 7 reports of the Nomenclature Committee that were published primarily in the Proceedings of the Royal Microscopical Society from 1967 thru 1970. One of these provided the definition you seek.
Gary Gill
-----Original Message----- } From: Ian MacLaren [mailto:maclaren-at-tu-darmstadt.de] Sent: Tuesday, July 23, 2002 7:05 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Dear all, What do you consider to be the standard terminology for microscopy involving a conventional microscope with the sample illuminated by light?
Optical microscopy?
Light Microscopy?
Light optical microscopy?
Something else?
The first seems to be often used, but as far as I can see, every form of microscopy is optical, whether using light, electrons, X-rays or something else. So, it seems to be a bit too vague.
As much as the example of the model annoyed me, I am going to continue with it to raise some points.
Let's say the model had her picture taken by one of her boyfriends, who happened to have a camera with a long telephoto lens. Subsequently the model purchases and uses the new Super-Duper-Triple-D Breast Enhancement device, and diligently follows the instructions for use for three weeks. She then has another picture taken.
Scenario 1: The second photo is taken by a different boyfriend, who has his favorite super wide-angle lens on his camera, the one with the pincushion effect that makes objects in the middle of the field appear larger than those to the sides. He has no idea how the first photo was taken.
Scenario 2: The second photo is taken by the first boyfriend, who deliberately uses a wide-angle lens this time instead of the telephoto.
Scenario 3: In the first two scenarios the model genuinely thinks the device has enlarged her bust.
Scenario 4: In the first two scenarios the model knows the device has NOT increased her bust, but knows a bit about photography. She knows that the telephoto lens will make her bust appear smaller due to foreshortening, and the wide angle lens will make it look bigger, and has asked that those particular lenses be used for the photos. The boyfriends are in on this or they are not in on this.
Scenario 5: The photo shoots were not set up by an advertising agency for the Super-Duper-Triple-D Breast Enhancement Device.
Scenario 6: The photo shoots were set up by an advertising agency for the Super-Duper-Triple-D Breast Enhancement Device.
If you look at all the possible combinations and factor in whether each participant knowingly or unknowingly performed their roles, and whether they performed their part either knowingly and maliciously, or unknowingly, or because they were uneducated about the properties of their imaging devices, you can see that the images might or might not represent the "truth". And this is WITHOUT digital or even darkroom manipulation! Throw in differences in lighting and possibly the film type and even the chemicals used to make the prints, and you see that you do not have a controlled experiment here. Add a little personal bias (I might personally consider the model to be an airhead and the first boyfriend to be a fool and the second to be a power-hungry, manipulating character, and so might draw conclusions based on personal bias when viewing the images) and you've got not only flawed data, but a possible misinterpretation of the data.
Now let's open these pictures in Photoshop ...
Aloha, Tina
**************************************************************************** * Tina (Weatherby) Carvalho * tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu * * Biological Electron Microscope Facility * (808) 956-6251 * * University of Hawaii at Manoa * http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bemf* ****************************************************************************
It's easy to imagine lots of scenarios in which the ability of the image to fairly represent the truth might be compromised. But it is a lot more interesting to consider some real cases. And still ones that do not require actual "manipulation" of the image as those of us who do image processing and use Photoshop think of it.
During the OJ mess, several newpapers and magazines printed pictures that showed his face much darker and more shadowed than a "fair" image taken in good light would have looked. It certainly made him appear more sinister. Was that conscious bias or not? There have been arguments both ways. Along the same lines, how about Richard Nixon's famous use of makeup to lighten a dark 5 o'clock shadow. That happened way before any picture was even taken. Was it "fair" or not? Arguably, he did more damage to most americans than OJ.
News organizations are always being criticized for cropping of pictures. They always claim it is just to fit things into the available space, but removing other people and the surroundings from a picture can make it appear to be something very different. They also don't always say that a picture of person A with person B was taken 5 years ago and is file photo, and that those two people were not together during some recent news event. This can create very misleading impressions. It isn't just the tabloids that do it, either.
I think all of this is heavily overblown. For years I edited The Journal of Computer Assisted Microscopy. Probably every issue had somewhere an image captioned "typical" or "representative" microstructure. Nonsense - that was widely understood to mean "the best picture we ever got" or worse yet "the only good picture we ever got." No one picture can ever be representative in a statistical sense. But if it was understood honestly by the author as fairly representing that aspect of the structure that they were interpreting or reporting on, then I say it is OK to use it.
Science is based on honest reporting and the inclusion of enough information for others to duplicate our work. Sure, there will always be a few people who try to cut a corner or shade the truth. I don't really care whether they do it by selecting the field of view in the microscope, or by using the Photoshop paint brush to remove some embarassing structure - it is wrong if they knowingly introduce bias. And it is wrong if they don't know it but should, but that gets a little bit trickier. Those who cheat are usually caught in the end - science is a self-correcting process.
Worrying about whether applying an unsharp mask to an image to clean it up for publication is misplaced concern. Most scientists know when they are getting close to the line of fair representation, and choose not to cross it. The nature of the tools is irrelevant. Telling people exactly what you did is usually the best way to ensure that others can properly interpret your work.
In the broad sense, this applies to legal issues as well, but there the problems get stickier. Experts may legitimately disagree about whether a series of processing operations on an image reveal useful new information or not, and it usually comes down to who is more convincing to the jury, at least in the US/Canada/England legal system (please, let's not even think about the French system!). I've been involved in these, been in the witness box for days on end, and have written a book about it that says most of what I have to say. This isn't the right forum for that debate anyway.
EM POSITION IN MATERIALS RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA
Applicants are sought for a material-science research position at the University of Oklahoma, in Norman, OK. The position is funded through the NSF-funded OK-NanoNet, a Oklahoma- based network of researchers involved in research involving nanostructures. The successful candidate will participate in a team environment and must be familiar with characterization of nanotubes and crystalline semiconductors including the preparation of plan and cross-sectional samples. Experience with HRTEM, diffraction techniques and image simulation is preferred. High resolution SEM experience desirable. Candidates should send a curriculum vita including a list of publications, a statement of research interests and arrange for three references letters to C-SPIN Program Manager, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK 73019-0225. Consideration of applications will commence August 15th and continue until the positions are filled. The University of Oklahoma is an Equal-Opportunity Affirmative-Action employer.
-- ================================================================== Greg Strout Electron Microscopist, University of Oklahoma WWW Virtual Library for Microscopy: http://www.ou.edu/research/electron/www-vl/ e-mail: gstrout-at-ou.edu Opinions expressed herein are mine and not necessarily those of the University of Oklahoma ==================================================================
How about visual light microscopy laser microscopy x-ray microscopy electron microscopy etc?
On Tue, 23 Jul 2002, Ian MacLaren wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Dear all, } What do you consider to be the standard terminology for microscopy involving } a conventional microscope with the sample illuminated by light? } } Optical microscopy? } } Light Microscopy? } } Light optical microscopy? } } Something else? } } The first seems to be often used, but as far as I can see, every form of } microscopy is optical, whether using light, electrons, X-rays or something } else. So, it seems to be a bit too vague. } } What should I use then? } } Best wishes } } Ian MacLaren } N.B. New address } TU-Darmstadt, FB Materialwissenschaft, FG Strukturforschung } Petersenstr. 23, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany } Tel: +49 6151 162894 } ian.maclaren-at-physics.org / http://members.lycos.co.uk/IanMacLaren/ } }
Still confusing. Per de Broglie, accelerated electron beam is light, so does neutron......
On Tue, 23 Jul 2002, Michael Cammer wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } I will propose a rough definition to be shredded, confirmed and clarified } by others. } } First of all, I'm going to call it "light microscopy" instead of "optical } microscopy". } } Light microscopy involves radiation from the UV (approximately 320 nm) } through the infra red (approximately 1100 nm). This can be transmittance } or reflectance. Typically, we mean by use of compound optics. } } } ____________________________________________________________________________ } Michael Cammer Analytical Imaging Facility Albert Einstein Coll. of Med. } Jack & Pearl Resnick Campus 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY 10461 } (718) 430-2890 Fax: 430-8996 URL: http://www.aecom.yu.edu/aif/ } }
Afternoon Dave, If your specimen is already infiltrated with paraffin, then it is likely that you are letting the paraffin on the surface of the infiltrated specimen harden before you add the paraffin to fill the mold. If that is true, then you need to do the following. 1. Find a piece of metal that is at least 1/8-1/4" thick and around 7-8" square or in diameter 2. mount the metal about 7-10" above the table using one or two clamps from chemistry 3. find a goose-neck lamp (60Watt bulb) and turn the hood over so the light is directed toward the ceiling 4. slide the light under the metal plate leaving about 1" between the hood and the plate 5. place an aluminum pie plate about the size of the metal plate on the metal. 6. place a bit of paraffin in the pie plate and turn on the lamp. If the paraffin is too hot, you should lower the lamp further from the plate, or replace the 60W bulb with a 40W or a 25W. The temperature you want is no higher than 60oCelcius. 7. when the paraffin begins to melt, place your cardboard (folded from an index card to the right size for the specimen, but not less than 1/2x1/2" in area) right on the melted paraffin and place a few pieces of solid paraffin in the bottom of the box. 8. when THAT paraffin begins to melt, add the infiltrated piece of specimen with the surface to be sectioned facing down. 9. when the specimen is covered with melted paraffin, carefully remove the box to another pie plate on the table and watch while the paraffin on the very bottom of the box begins to harden and trap the specimen so it can't move. Prior to this you can use a warm dissecting needle to position the specimen and tease trapped air bubbles to rise in the paraffin. 10. you can move the box back-and-forth to the hot plate until you are satisfied that the specimen is surrounded by melted paraffin. 11. when you are satisfied, and the specimen is trapped in a slightly solid layer of paraffin, add sufficient paraffin to fill the box to half its height but not less than 1/2" OR to 1/4" over the height of the specimen. 12. If you are satisfied that the paraffin around the specimen and the new, melted paraffin are merging nicely, and that no paraffin is leaking from the box, you can fill the box to it's top (no more than 1") with more melted paraffin and begin to blow lightly on the surface of the melted paraffin. 13. When a layer of translucent paraffin forms that prevents you from seeing the specimen in any detail you may VERY GENTLY and SLOWLY immerse the block/box in cool water. NOTE: when the water is about to spill over into the box, the box should be tilted slightly to permit the water to slowly cover the paraffin. When the box is fully immersed, place the container under a stream of running cold water so the paraffin block will harden uniformly. 14. I generally leave the water running on my blocks while I continue to make more blocks until I am finished. Then I let the last block remain immersed in the running water for another 15min. Then I place all my blocks in the fridge, or an ice bath, for at least a hour before I begin to section any of them. 15. Trim before sectioning, and don't forget to turn off the lamp!
Regards and hope this helps,
Fred Monson
P.S. If I did not correctly understand your problem, please come back at me about your question.
Frederick C. Monson, PhD Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging Schmucker II Science Center West Chester University South Church Street and Rosedale West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 Phone: 610-738-0437 FAX: 610-738-0437 fmonson-at-wcupa.edu CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/
---------- } From: drands-at-avuhsd.k12.ca.us } Sent: Saturday, July 20, 2002 3:16 AM } To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: Ask-A-Microscopist: paraffin wax } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was } submitted by (drands-at-avuhsd.k12.ca.us) from } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Friday, July } 19, 2002 at 22:18:04 } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- } - } } Email: drands-at-avuhsd.k12.ca.us } Name: Dave Rands } } Organization: Lancaster High School/Special Education Department } } Education: 9-12th Grade High School } } Location: Lancaster, California, Los Angeles County } } Question: We are having a difficult time getting our paraffin wax to } fill in around our speciman. We have tried several things and have } asked the other science teachers with no success. Can you help? } } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- } - } }
If there is electron microscopy, can there be photon microscopy?
Bob Blystone
-- Robert V. Blystone, Ph.D. Professor of Biology Trinity University San Antonio, Texas 78212 (210) 999-7243 or FAX (210) 999-7229 rblyston-at-trinity.edu http://www.trinity.edu/rblyston
Just Opinion Ian, and I hope not volatile or the source of physical conflict.
And Ev, I couldn't help it. Further, I was finished when yours, with which I entirely agree, arrived.
Light - those wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum(EMS) to which WE (our visual systems) are sensitive (not reactive, meaning illuminated or slightly heated, NOT burned!)
Optics - the study of the behavior of light, but, more broadly, the behavior of any part of the EMS as it interacts with materials, electromagnetic fields or objects.
Optical microscope - any microscope constructed of optical elements constructed of glass or other transparent materials which by their construction affect the passage of light.
Light microscope any microscope that uses the "Visible" portion of the EMS to illuminate an object for viewing OR which transmits visible light from an object source stimulated by 'illumination' from a non-visible part of the EMS (i.e. UV 'light'!?!?!?!, which is also known as 'black' 'light', or even "invisible light" - one of the ultimate oxymorons) sub-species of light microscopes bright field dark field phase fluorescent etc.
Electronic microscope any microscope whose image is formed by a non-visual detector that is electrically powered.
Electron Microscope - a microscope whose image derives from the use of electrons as illumination
X-Ray microscope - a microscope whose image derives from the use of X-Rays as illumination
Atomic Force Microscope - an electronic microscope whose image is formed by magic!
By the above definitions which, I opine, are generally held, one can use the term, "Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope", because the term does not stipulate that the illumination is "optical" or visual. Thus we are safe in using the term CLSM to describe a system which has both UV and Visual EMS wavelengths of excitation, as well as the term CLS(L)M ("L" = light!), because the illumination from which the 'image' originates is visible and the elements by which the illumination is manipulated are correctly described as "optical" elements. On the other hand, and just to add confusion, the filters on the excitation side are considered optical (or visible) filters OR UV filters, while on the emission side, we describe all of the filters as barrier filters.
I understand that the Physicists are attempting to alter the definitions of "light" and "dark", and that suggests that most of the fun is yet to come.
Regards,
Fred Monson
Frederick C. Monson, PhD Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging Schmucker II Science Center West Chester University South Church Street and Rosedale West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 Phone: 610-738-0437 FAX: 610-738-0437 fmonson-at-wcupa.edu CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/
} ---------- } From: Ian MacLaren } Reply To: Ian MacLaren } Sent: Tuesday, July 23, 2002 8:04 AM } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: Terminology: optical microscopy? } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Dear all, } What do you consider to be the standard terminology for microscopy } involving } a conventional microscope with the sample illuminated by light? } } Optical microscopy? } } Light Microscopy? } } Light optical microscopy? } } Something else? } } The first seems to be often used, but as far as I can see, every form of } microscopy is optical, whether using light, electrons, X-rays or something } else. So, it seems to be a bit too vague. } } What should I use then? } } Best wishes } } Ian MacLaren } N.B. New address } TU-Darmstadt, FB Materialwissenschaft, FG Strukturforschung } Petersenstr. 23, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany } Tel: +49 6151 162894 } ian.maclaren-at-physics.org / http://members.lycos.co.uk/IanMacLaren/ } } }
I don't think we even have to consider just images. Any DELIBERATE misrepresentation of data is unethical (at least scientifically. Ethics is based on what is "morally" right, and "Morals" are not the same globally). In your example, nothing is really unethical until the time when something is claimed to be the case against better knowledge.
If I measure the resistance of a wire and find a big drop when I lower the temperature, I can claim to have found some form of superconductor. Nothing unethical about it. If I don't tell that I had a piece of a known superconductor hooked up in parallel, now that would be unethical.
See you in Quebec!!
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Tina Carvalho [mailto:tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu] Sent: Tuesday, July 23, 2002 1:33 PM To: Microscopy Listserver
As much as the example of the model annoyed me, I am going to continue with it to raise some points.
Let's say the model had her picture taken by one of her boyfriends, who happened to have a camera with a long telephoto lens. Subsequently the model purchases and uses the new Super-Duper-Triple-D Breast Enhancement device, and diligently follows the instructions for use for three weeks. She then has another picture taken.
Scenario 1: The second photo is taken by a different boyfriend, who has his favorite super wide-angle lens on his camera, the one with the pincushion effect that makes objects in the middle of the field appear larger than those to the sides. He has no idea how the first photo was taken.
Scenario 2: The second photo is taken by the first boyfriend, who deliberately uses a wide-angle lens this time instead of the telephoto.
Scenario 3: In the first two scenarios the model genuinely thinks the device has enlarged her bust.
Scenario 4: In the first two scenarios the model knows the device has NOT increased her bust, but knows a bit about photography. She knows that the telephoto lens will make her bust appear smaller due to foreshortening, and the wide angle lens will make it look bigger, and has asked that those particular lenses be used for the photos. The boyfriends are in on this or they are not in on this.
Scenario 5: The photo shoots were not set up by an advertising agency for the Super-Duper-Triple-D Breast Enhancement Device.
Scenario 6: The photo shoots were set up by an advertising agency for the Super-Duper-Triple-D Breast Enhancement Device.
If you look at all the possible combinations and factor in whether each participant knowingly or unknowingly performed their roles, and whether they performed their part either knowingly and maliciously, or unknowingly, or because they were uneducated about the properties of their imaging devices, you can see that the images might or might not represent the "truth". And this is WITHOUT digital or even darkroom manipulation! Throw in differences in lighting and possibly the film type and even the chemicals used to make the prints, and you see that you do not have a controlled experiment here. Add a little personal bias (I might personally consider the model to be an airhead and the first boyfriend to be a fool and the second to be a power-hungry, manipulating character, and so might draw conclusions based on personal bias when viewing the images) and you've got not only flawed data, but a possible misinterpretation of the data.
Now let's open these pictures in Photoshop ...
Aloha, Tina
**************************************************************************** * Tina (Weatherby) Carvalho * tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu *
* Biological Electron Microscope Facility * (808) 956-6251 * * University of Hawaii at Manoa * http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bemf*
Dear all, Does anyone know of a supplier of eyepiece graticules with radial lines at known angles (a protractor) so we can measure angles through the microscope. Eric.
In a message dated 07/23/2002 4:40:19 PM US Mountain Standard Time, Eric.Hines-at-csiro.au-at-sparc5.microscopy.com writes:
{ { Dear all, Does anyone know of a supplier of eyepiece graticules with radial lines at known angles (a protractor) so we can measure angles through the microscope. Eric.
} }
Eric,
I don't know about reticles with angles, but one of my favorite reticle suppliers here in the US is Klarmann Rulings.
They have a fairly extensive catalog, and they also will make custom reticles per your specifications. We've been very pleased with the work they've done.
You can get contact information from their website at: {www.reticles.com}
and here's (hopefully) the direct link: {A HREF="http://www.reticles.com/"} Click here: Reticles, stage micrometers, filter glass, pinholes, apertures, comparator screens, optical fabrication, evaporate {/A}
We metallurgists here call it optical metallography meaning we use the visible region of the EM spectrum for imaging metallic surfaces.
---- Divakar R Physical Metallurgy Section, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam 603102, India ----
-----Original Message----- } From: Michael Cammer [SMTP:cammer-at-aecom.yu.edu] Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 9:21 AM To: Ian MacLaren; Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
I will propose a rough definition to be shredded, confirmed and clarified by others.
First of all, I'm going to call it "light microscopy" instead of "optical microscopy".
Light microscopy involves radiation from the UV (approximately 320 nm) through the infra red (approximately 1100 nm). This can be transmittance or reflectance. Typically, we mean by use of compound optics.
____________________________________________________________________________ Michael Cammer Analytical Imaging Facility Albert Einstein Coll. of Med. Jack & Pearl Resnick Campus 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY 10461 (718) 430-2890 Fax: 430-8996 URL: http://www.aecom.yu.edu/aif/
Very good point Mike and Tina: Any DELIBERATE misrepresentation of data is unethical in science, I believe. Sergey
At 04:16 PM 7/23/02, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
_____________________________________
Sergey Ryazantsev Ph. D. Electron Microscopy UCLA School of Medicine Department of Biological Chemistry Box 951737 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737
John Russ makes some important points. Integrity in presenting information isn't a question only of manipulation of the data itself -- whether "high tech" or not -- but can also involve much more subtle kinds of efforts to shade the perception of the recipient. For example, in presenting data or opinions, one might exaggerate or misrepresent one's qualifications -- though this does not actually alter the validity of the data or opinions expressed, it does represent an attempt to influence their credibility. In many fields of endeavor this is, of course, the accepted norm, and even in the scientific arena, the line quickly becomes quite fuzzy -- when does an effort to make a convincing case pass over into deceit?
Ultimately, our best guarantee of integrity in scientific data is the integrity of the one reporting. The key, it seems to me, is not simply whether the one offering the data or making the assertion "honestly believes" in the conclusion, but also exercises a high degree of personal scrupulousness as to whether the recipient is given enough information to make their own objective assessment. Often this is less about clear "rules" than about adhering to accepted norms of behavior. For example, a researcher who consistently observes a particular phenomenon is not considered to be deceitful if she/he chooses a particularly clear-cut example for illustration -- this is what we expect. But, we don't expect a scientist to support his/her conclusion by selecting an untypical example -- this violates the trust of the community. Or to use the above example, we expect that a researcher will represent their personal qualifications in a generally favorable light -- but we don't expect to have to check the accuracy of their resume. A scrupulous scientist endeavors to be scrupulous about not only the bare facts, but also about the "frame" in which they are presented.
In the ultimate analysis, there aren't hard-and-fast rules which always apply and there will always be argument about where the line should be drawn. But this is why it is so important that we police ourselves -- when we do see clear intent to alter, misrepresent, withhold or otherwise bias information, we have an obligation to "blow the whistle" -- even when such actions do not materially alter the conclusion.
The above, of course, is about ethics. But I tend to be one of those who thinks that if people behave ethically, the "legal" issues pretty much take care of themselves.
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } It's easy to imagine lots of scenarios in which the ability of the image to } fairly represent the truth might be compromised. But it is a lot more } interesting to consider some real cases. And still ones that do not require } actual "manipulation" of the image as those of us who do image processing and } use Photoshop think of it. } } During the OJ mess, several newpapers and magazines printed pictures that } showed his face much darker and more shadowed than a "fair" image taken in } good light would have looked. It certainly made him appear more sinister. Was } that conscious bias or not? There have been arguments both ways. Along the } same lines, how about Richard Nixon's famous use of makeup to lighten a dark } 5 o'clock shadow. That happened way before any picture was even taken. Was it } "fair" or not? Arguably, he did more damage to most americans than OJ. } } News organizations are always being criticized for cropping of pictures. They } always claim it is just to fit things into the available space, but removing } other people and the surroundings from a picture can make it appear to be } something very different. They also don't always say that a picture of person } A with person B was taken 5 years ago and is file photo, and that those two } people were not together during some recent news event. This can create very } misleading impressions. It isn't just the tabloids that do it, either. } } I think all of this is heavily overblown. For years I edited The Journal of } Computer Assisted Microscopy. Probably every issue had somewhere an image } captioned "typical" or "representative" microstructure. Nonsense - that was } widely understood to mean "the best picture we ever got" or worse yet "the } only good picture we ever got." No one picture can ever be representative in } a statistical sense. But if it was understood honestly by the author as } fairly representing that aspect of the structure that they were interpreting } or reporting on, then I say it is OK to use it. } } Science is based on honest reporting and the inclusion of enough information } for others to duplicate our work. Sure, there will always be a few people who } try to cut a corner or shade the truth. I don't really care whether they do } it by selecting the field of view in the microscope, or by using the } Photoshop paint brush to remove some embarassing structure - it is wrong if } they knowingly introduce bias. And it is wrong if they don't know it but } should, but that gets a little bit trickier. Those who cheat are usually } caught in the end - science is a self-correcting process. } } Worrying about whether applying an unsharp mask to an image to clean it up } for publication is misplaced concern. Most scientists know when they are } getting close to the line of fair representation, and choose not to cross it. } The nature of the tools is irrelevant. Telling people exactly what you did is } usually the best way to ensure that others can properly interpret your work. } } In the broad sense, this applies to legal issues as well, but there the } problems get stickier. Experts may legitimately disagree about whether a } series of processing operations on an image reveal useful new information or } not, and it usually comes down to who is more convincing to the jury, at } least in the US/Canada/England legal system (please, let's not even think } about the French system!). I've been involved in these, been in the witness } box for days on end, and have written a book about it that says most of what } I have to say. This isn't the right forum for that debate anyway. } } John Russ
Not agree, Fred: " Optical microscope - any microscope constructed of optical elements constructed of glass or other transparent materials which by their construction affect the passage of light."====} not necessary light, may be electrons, or even gamma-rays (gamma-ray microscope) - everything which has a 'waive nature' irradiation. In EM the optics are based on the electro-magnetic lenses. I think, 'optics' it's more like technical solution to manipulate the wave-nature irradiation. Combination of the lenses and mirrors is usual solution for the microscopes. Material should be adequate to the irradiation: glass for visible light, quartz for UV, KCl(Li-?) - for infra-red light and so on... So, we could talk about 'electro-magnetic optics' of the particular EM or about infra-red optics... We could say: optics for the visual light microscope or UV light microscope... Sometimes it needs to be precise using terminology, which comes from the physics - those guys are very precise. Sergey
At 03:49 PM 7/23/02, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
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Sergey Ryazantsev Ph. D. Electron Microscopy UCLA School of Medicine Department of Biological Chemistry Box 951737 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737
on 7/23/02 5:20 PM, Chaoying Ni at cni-at-udel.edu wrote:
} } Still confusing. Per de Broglie, accelerated electron beam is light, so } does neutron...... } } Dear Chaoying Ni, Well, an accelerated electron emits light and is a wave, but it is not light (to a real physicist, it gets heavier as its speed increases). Focussing neutron beams is a challenge; using the magnetic moment to apply force might be possible. Perhaps one ought to say "visible photon microscopy", but that will not be the standard terminology. Yours, Bill Tivol
on 7/23/02 6:49 PM, Monson, Frederick C. at fmonson-at-wcupa.edu wrote:
Dear Fred, First, by processing your message, I hope I have not done anything unethical. } } Just Opinion Ian, and I hope not volatile or the source of physical } conflict. } Likewise, unless by "physical conflict" you mean that physicists disagree.
} (i.e. UV 'light'!?!?!?!, which is also known as 'black' 'light', or even } "invisible light" - one of the ultimate oxymorons) } You know I'm keeping this part in for a reason.
} Electronic microscope } any microscope whose image is formed by a non-visual } detector that is electrically powered. } } } Atomic Force Microscope - an electronic microscope whose image is } formed by magic!
As, "When technology becomes sufficiently advanced, it is equivalent to magic." (Can't remember the author or exact quote.) } } By the above definitions which, I opine, are generally held, one can } use the term, "Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope", because the term does } not stipulate that the illumination is "optical" or visual. Thus we are } safe in using the term CLSM to describe a system which has both UV and } Visual EMS wavelengths of excitation, as well as the term CLS(L)M ("L" = } light!),
However since laser is the acronym for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation", then the "light" in CLSM is, indeed, invisible, and CLS(L)M is redundant. Maybe C(V)LSM? } } I understand that the Physicists are attempting to alter the } definitions of "light" and "dark", and that suggests that most of the fun is } yet to come. } I think "light" and "dark" remain the same, but most of the matter and energy will prove to be dark. Now, could we investigate them by dark-field microscopy? I agree; the fun's just beginning. Yours, Bill Tivol
Google search "photon microscopy" - 26000 articles http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&q=photon+microscopy Sergey
At 03:26 PM 7/23/02, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
_____________________________________
Sergey Ryazantsev Ph. D. Electron Microscopy UCLA School of Medicine Department of Biological Chemistry Box 951737 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737
probably i did not get the whole thread, but did anybody mention OpenOffice ? (see http://www.openoffice.org) - It is OpenSource, so the only thing you have to take care about is how you get hold of the software package for computer-system: For Linux, Solaris and Win32- Systems there should be version 1.01 available by now. A version 1.0x for MacOS X will hopefully be available by the end of this year.
No fee's, no trick's, no backdoor's, no legal annoyancies ... !!!
Up to now we made pretty good experiences when composing our posters. (Ok, every program has bugs, but we found appropriate help in the OpenOfffice user/developer community)
If you would like to have a professional spellchecker and thesaurus, you will have to spend a few $ and try StarOffice 6.0 (... same source code like OpenOffice!!!)
.. and the best thing is: the import/export filters to dif. MS-Office appl. are pretty good so you will be able to communicate with BiilyG's "people")
PLEASE REPLY VIA THIS EMAIL FOR EASY ACCESSING. (ankohangela2002-at-yahoo.co.uk)
Please permit me to use this medium to thank you once more for given me this avenue to explain my problem to you.
But firstly, i will like to tell you who am so that you will understand and comprehend my point clearly.
Am angela ankoh and am here in Benin Republic with my junior brother David and we are from Congo Democractic but now in Benin Republic as a result of the war in my country. And here in benin we entered as a refugee as a result of the war in my country. And am still a studet and my brother too. Am 24 years and david is 21. am studying medicine and my brother also is mechanical engineering
Please we need your help because the war has claimed the life of both my father and mother leaving us alone in this world. But before the death of my father, he used my name to deposit some money WHICH VALUED AT 9 MILLION UNITED STATE DOLLARS in a finance house here in republic of benin and and he used me as the beneficiary and owner of the money but since we entered here as a refugee i cannot have access to my money because i do not have account here and they do not allow refugees to operate account here.
Please what i need from you is to help us settle the finance house for their clearing fee and open an account with your name in any bank here in benin so that i can submit your particulars to the finance house to effect the change of the ownership in your name as the new beneficiary and after they will change the name to your favour and they will deposit in your bank here. And you will then instruct the bank here to further transfer to you account over there so that we can come over there for the continuation of our education while you help us to manage the money;
furthermore, what i actually need from you is to help us clear the money from the finance house to aviod any dumorage on the moneyand after making the change of the benficiary to your name the finance house will deposit in your account here and you then can further transfer to your account over for our onward coming for the continuation of our education while you help us to control the money because the finance house and my late father had an agreement when the money will be in their custody and if we fail to come and claim as agreed that will be charging for it. and i do not want it to heppen because this is the only hope of our life.
secondly, you will be required to open an account here in benin republic where the finance house will deposit and upon your instruction to the bank after the finance hoiuse deposited the m bank will further transfer according to your wish to any of your account you prefer,and we proceed with you for the continuation of our education.in this regard you are only required to clear and open an account and the finance house deposit in your account here..
please if you are ready to help us, please kind forward the following so that i can effect the change of the beneficiary to your name as the new beneficiary so that once you arrive and do the clearing and open the account they will deposit it in your account immediately and you have access to the money.
I NEED YOUR FULL NAME, ADDRESS AND TELEPHONE NUMBER .THIS WILL ENABLE ME TO PROCEED FOR THE CHANGE OF THE OWNERHSIP IN YOIUR FAVOUR AS THE NEW BENEFICARY OF THE MONEY.
GOD BE WITH US ALL AS WE AWAIT YOUR POSITIVE ANSWER.
FROM ANGELA ANKOH.
NOTE YOU CAN AS WELL REACH ME OR DAVID ON THIS NUMBER THE COUNTRY CODE IS 229 AND THE NUMBER IS 989857. I REPEAT 229-989857.AND EMAIL ankohangela2002-at-yahoo.co.uk
You do not say if it is a SEM or TEM He holder. My comments relate to our experience with our TEM He holder but I guess most would also apply to a SEM He stage.
We have a side entry He holder that uses the He boil off gas to precool the He dewar so that we do not have a Liquid N2 jacket.
We do not loose vacuum when filling but we do support the transfer tube to prevent too much strain on the holder.
The initial fill takes about 45 minutes. It is best for 2 people to set up and remove the He transfer tube, although it is possible for a single person to do it it just seems safer with two.
Depending on temperature the hold time is generally about 50 mins to 3 hours (50 mins at 7K or 8K, 2 hours at 15K, 2.5 hours at 21K etc.).
Subsequent transfers take about 30 minutes.
As we tend to use the holder infrequently and book a week of He stage work when we want it we will always repump the vacuum jackets on the transfer dewar and holder before each session.
The most diffucult thing is to determine when the dewar is full and on the first trial we shot most of a 50l dewar of He through the holder as we could not tell the difference between the He gas plume and the He liquid plume on the exhaust line. With experience we can now fill with about 5L of He.
It is important to use the gas to cool the holder down to a reasonable level (50K) to avoid loosing too much liquid.
I would suggest that if you have problems you contact the supplier to get advice on filling technique.
Good luck, Ron
On Mon, 22 Jul 2002, jinsong wu wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Hi, Listers: } } We have a new liquid-He holder. However, it takes three men to } work together for about one and half hours for every filling up of the } holder. At the same time, there is high risk to destroy the vacuum. } Then we have merely about 30 minutes' working time. } } Please let me know your kind suggestions on the possible techniques } of the transferring of the liquid He from the tank to the holder. } For example, is it possible to put the He tank in near room and use } some transferring kits connecting the tank and the holder so as to be } able to work continuously? } } Any replies from commercial sources or vendors are welcome to my } personal email address: jinsong.wu-at-asu.edu. } } Thanks a lot, } } jinsong wu } Department of Physics and Astronomy } Arizona State University } Tempe, AZ 85287-1504 } } Tel: 480-965-2535 (o) } } } } }
=========================================================================== Mr. Ron Doole e-mail ron.doole-at-materials.ox.ac.uk Department of Materials, phone +44 (0) 1865 273701 University of Oxford, fax +44 (0) 1865 283333 Parks Road. Oxford. OX1 3PH. UK. ============================================================================
With all due respect for the participants to the discussion, I'd like to draw your attention on the oversimplifications you are introducing here.
Generally, the "accelerated" electrons can emit X-rays (that is the basic principle of synchrotron X-ray generation), which are electromagnetic waves, as light is too.
It is not correct to say that the (accelerated or not) electron or the neutron are light; they have an associated wavelength (according to quantum mechanics), but they are not waves. In fact, the quantum mechanical wavelength associated (according to the de Broglie principle) to any particle (but "detectable" only for the case of elementary particles) is a matter that generates a lot of confusion.
The people who are not paying enough attention to these notions can be led to express even stranger opinions, as was the case of an attendant to a conference on electron microscopy, who was strongly against the opinion that the photon has mass zero; how can that happen - according to him - as long as the electron has an impulse ? Well, it happens "just like that" !
So, please, be careful when discussing that kind of matters: quantum mechanics is a little more profound than to say "electron is light, and so is neutron" etc. These are nothing but confusions.
I have expressed that opinion as a physicist.
Corneliu Sarbu, PhD Department of Metallurgy and Applied Materials Science (MTM Dept.) Catholic University of Leuven (KULeuven) Kasteelpark ARENBERG nr. 44 B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium **************************************************************** Phone: +32-16-32.1241 - office +32-16-32.1264 - secretary of department Fax: +32-16-32.1992 or +32-16-32.1270 e-mail: Corneliu.Sarbu-at-mtm.kuleuven.ac.be ****************************************************************
} User-Agent: Microsoft Outlook Express Macintosh Edition - 5.01 (1630) } Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 23:05:10 -0400 } Subject: Re: Terminology: optical microscopy? } From: Bill & Sue Tivol {wtivol-at-earthlink.net} } To: microscopy list {microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
probably i did not get the whole thread, but did anybody mention OpenOffice? (see http://www.openoffice.org) - It is OpenSource, so the only thing you have to take care about is how you get hold of the software package for your computer-system: For Linux, Solaris and Win32- Systems there should be version 1.01 available by now. A version 1.0x for MacOS X will hopefully be available by the end of this year.
No fee's, no trick's, no backdoor's, no legal annoyancies ... !!!
Up to now we made pretty good experiences when composing our posters. (Ok, every program has bugs, but we found appropriate help in the OpenOfffice user/developer community)
If you would like to have a professional spellchecker and thesaurus, you will have to spend a few $ and try StarOffice 6.0 (... same source code like OpenOffice!!!)
.. and the best thing is: the import/export filters to dif. MS-Office appl. are pretty good so you will be able to "communicate" with BiilyG's "people".
Sorry, but the number of postings on these two subjects is driving me crazy. So, hopefully, here's the start of a new round of messages related to the ethics of imaging and the nomenclature of microscopy techniques.
First, in regard to ethics and legal imaging, one really has to question the need to tie ethics to one of the most unethical professions in the world. Be that as it may, ethical behavior is just that - behavior that each individual chooses to follow. Civilization is just a consensus between humans as to what is acceptable and desirable in all of us. It is a noble cause which often results in great things such as the scientific principles and the law. However, there are always those among us who are willing to subvert those ideals to our own individual desires.
Some find a fine line between what they want to portray and what is by measurement. All too easy these days to wash away what we might consider unimportant. But true discovery often lies in those details that most would overlook. That applies whether it is a legal or scientific matter. We are all creatures of assumptions, and those assumptions are often wrong. What is important in a legal matter is to portray what you believe and let your credibility lend weight to the testimony. There will be others doing the same for your side, and the other. The law is a search for the truth of a matter, the same as science. The difference is one of time. Science discovers the truth over years, decades, centuries and millennium. The law has to proceed in a timely manner, governed by the life spans of humans. Science can afford mistakes, and often makes them. In law, a mistake can mean the immediate difference between life and death.
Better to simply do your best, represent the data as you found it, and leave the interpretation to those unfortunate souls who actually have to make the life and death decisions. Judge, jury and executioner are assigned by law, not science. Thank God, because science has the unfortunate position of being corrected rather regularly. Human decisions, too, have the unfortunate position of often being wrong. But the law is designed for that, not science. Law is about humans, science is about everything else. Until the time there is actually any reasonable total understanding (if ever) of the biology, environment and intellect of humans, science can have no real claim on matters of law.
In brief (way too late), don't assume that you know what will play best before the audience. Even simple manipulations shade the truth. A trained eye can recognize the subtle lighting effects used to portray the before and after effects of tooth whitening and wrinkle removers common on TV ads. But realize that millions are spent by those who don't. Should we regulate the production of ads (do you want the government to spend your money on that)?
OK, on to nomenclature. Lets start trying to come to a simple and pract ical consensus on 'microscopy'. How about a means to produce an enlarged image of something. Not enhanced, just enlarged. In a sense, a means to produce a closer look.
A prefix to this would seem to be the major problem. 'Optical' is probably outdated. Done in by the common use of optics to also describe the electrostatic and electro-magnetic effects used in electron microscopy. Better to use the term optics to describe the various refraction and reflection mechanisms in general. In this context, all light, x-ray, gamma-ray and electron manipulation systems could be termed 'optical'.
Light, x-ray and gamma-rays do have a definable basis. All involving photons, there are definitions regarding their generation. The actual wavelengths may overlap, but the mechanisms of their generation do provide a recognizable distinction. They can all be considered optical, perhaps classically so, because they use materials to provide the refraction and reflection required (grazing incidence angle optics in the case of x-ray and gamma-rays).
Electrons comprise a transition from classical optics to electrostatic and electro-magnetic optics. They can be manipulated by materials (electron diffraction) as well as electronic means.
All right, getting to specifics. All of the energies mentioned above can be used in both transmission and reflective modes. This begins the general classification. The first class should be 'transmission microscopy', techniques that provide an image from passing the source energies though a sample. This would include substage illumination light microscopy, TEMs and normal x-ray imaging.
Next general classification should be 'reflective microscopy'. This would encompass the techniques of reflective light microscopy, SEM and potential x-ray and gamma-ray reflective microscopy (I don't know if these techniques have been developed yet, but could be). These are basically contour mapping techniques that essentially record surface slopes in regards to the primary source of illumination.
A third general classification should be made for the more recent scanning probe instruments. These are basically topographical methods that record the topography of material surfaces based on various physical properties. Their progenitors are the profilometer and Edison's record player. I would suggest the term 'profile microscopy' for these techniques, as they produce a profile of the topography at various one dimensional locations.
Within those general classifications, one should distinguish the energy involved. For example, TEM could still remain transmission electron microscopy, but SEM should perhaps be changed to Reflective Electron Microscopy or REM. Seems silly here, but consider the case of STEM. The actual imaging mode in STEM is determined by the placement of the detector used. In the case of a secondary or BSE detector located above the sample, it would be REM. Where the image is formed by detection means below the sample it would be TEM. There are TEMs that produce STEM images that look like SEM and SEMs that produce STEM images that look like TEM. STEM, by itself, says nothing - better to make scanning a sub grouping. And that brings up the actual item being detected - secondary electron, backscatter electron, Auger electron or x-ray (anything I missed?). We won't go there now.
So, light or optical microscopy would become light transmission or light reflective microscopy. A mixture of the two, light transmission/reflective microscopy. So it goes through electron, x-ray and gamma-ray (and anything else we can come up with). Scanning probe microscopy (profile microscopy) should be further identified by the detection means, as they currently are (minus the 'profile').
Confused yet? I am. And we haven't even gotten to the confocal and holographic methods yet. Suffice to say, either live with the current nomenclature or find some common taxonomy for imaging techniques. Frankly, we're getting to the point where it would be nice to have a taxonomy for these techniques.
What's in a name?
Allen R. Sampson Advanced Research Systems 317 North 4th. Street St. Charles, Illinois 60174
I had a special eye piece that I used for accurately measuring diatom striations that would read out to some small fraction of a degree - they are called filar ocular micrometers and are still available for some microscopes.
Bill Miller
At 11:19 PM 7/23/2002 -0400, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Thanks for all the suggestions. What I am looking for is a graphics program that will print banners on sheet paper (8.5 x 11). Our old program would spread the banner across the sheets. After printing, you would put the sheets together for the banner. We have Canvas, Photoshop, Paint Shop Pro, Powerpoint, etc. software but as far as I can determine none of them have this feature.
Thanks,
Steve Widing EM Tech / Computer Labs Manager Biology Department Temple University Philadelphia, PA
What is microscopy? The use of some form of the EMS to examine an object's properties.
What are Optics? Are they not the component of the system that allows us to harness and control the particular range of the EMS we want to use?
I don't agree that you can separate Optics as being only for the use of longer wavelength (Visual spectrum or say UV-IR).
Optics should be as defined by physics. Any lens element that changes the character or distribution of any component of the EMS.
I'm going through a small library behind me here are a few snippets:
"The transmission electron microscope is a type of microscope and thus conforms to the definition of a microscope which is "an optical instrument consisting of a lens or a combination of lenses used for making enlarged or magnified images of minute objects."" -Clinton J. Dawes 'Biological Techniques for Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy 1979 edition published by Ladd. - third printing
That's just one good example.
Optical Microscopy: does that mean it uses a lens system to examine an object? If so then it becomes impossible to separate the Electron Microscopes from Light microscopes.
Here are a few terms I use: CLM: Conventional Light Microscopy (I learned from Dr. Joanne Whallon and Dr Shirely Owens at Michigan Sate University) This has been shortened to just: LM: Light microscopy with the assumption made that the light is between UV and IR
And yes - I will get directly to the posed question so as to say on topic and focused to Ian MacLaren's original Email:
Light Microscopy works very well and I think deserves the position of being the 'correct' term. LM is a nice simple abbreviation that goes very well with TEM, SEM, AFM, STEM, LSM, CLSM, LSCM (those confocal folks need to settle down and pick LSM ;) ).
Make any sense?
Geoff Williams Microscopy Facility Supervisor Biology Department Central Michigan University Mt Pleasant, MI 48859
All of these comments raise the issue that there should be a more rigorous photography component to any course that teaches microscopy, whether as a field of study or as a tool. All good microscopy courses teach photography to some extent, but this should be expanded, and include more theory. And more material normally considered part of the photography courses taught in art schools. This would have obvious influences on training on the legal and ethical issues of imaging in microscopy. Perhaps education should be a part of the ethics sessions at M&M. Phil
} As much as the example of the model annoyed me, I am going to continue } with it to raise some points. } } Let's say the model had her picture taken by one of her boyfriends, who } happened to have a camera with a long telephoto lens. Subsequently the } model purchases and uses the new Super-Duper-Triple-D Breast Enhancement } device, and diligently follows the instructions for use for three } weeks. She then has another picture taken. } } Scenario 1: The second photo is taken by a different boyfriend, who has } his favorite super wide-angle lens on his camera, the one with the } pincushion effect that makes objects in the middle of the field appear } larger than those to the sides. He has no idea how the first photo was } taken. } } Scenario 2: The second photo is taken by the first boyfriend, who } deliberately uses a wide-angle lens this time instead of the telephoto. } } Scenario 3: In the first two scenarios the model genuinely thinks the } device has enlarged her bust. } } Scenario 4: In the first two scenarios the model knows the device has NOT } increased her bust, but knows a bit about photography. She knows that the } telephoto lens will make her bust appear smaller due to foreshortening, } and the wide angle lens will make it look bigger, and has asked that those } particular lenses be used for the photos. The boyfriends are in on this or } they are not in on this. } } Scenario 5: The photo shoots were not set up by an advertising agency for } the Super-Duper-Triple-D Breast Enhancement Device. } } Scenario 6: The photo shoots were set up by an advertising agency for the } Super-Duper-Triple-D Breast Enhancement Device. } } If you look at all the possible combinations and factor in whether each } participant knowingly or unknowingly performed their roles, and whether } they performed their part either knowingly and maliciously, or } unknowingly, or because they were uneducated about the properties of their } imaging devices, you can see that the images might or might not represent } the "truth". And this is WITHOUT digital or even darkroom } manipulation! Throw in differences in lighting and possibly the film type } and even the chemicals used to make the prints, and you see that you do } not have a controlled experiment here. Add a little personal bias (I might } personally consider the model to be an airhead and the first boyfriend to } be a fool and the second to be a power-hungry, manipulating character, and } so might draw conclusions based on personal bias when viewing the } images) and you've got not only flawed data, but a possible } misinterpretation of the data. } } Now let's open these pictures in Photoshop ... } } Aloha, } Tina } } } **************************************************************************** } * Tina (Weatherby) Carvalho * tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu * } * Biological Electron Microscope Facility * (808) 956-6251 * } * University of Hawaii at Manoa * http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bemf* } ****************************************************************************
-- Philip Oshel Supervisor, BBPIC microscopy facility Department of Animal Sciences University of Wisconsin 1675 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706 - 1284 voice: (608) 263-4162 fax: (608) 262-5157 (dept. fax)
http://www.reticles.com/cckr810.htm Klarmann Rulings Inc. COMPARATOR KR-810 360° PROTRACTOR
Gary Gill
-----Original Message----- } From: "Eric.Hines%csiro.au"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com [mailto:"Eric.Hines%csiro.au"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com] Sent: Tuesday, July 23, 2002 6:24 PM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Dear all, Does anyone know of a supplier of eyepiece graticules with radial lines at known angles (a protractor) so we can measure angles through the microscope. Eric.
Should the term "optical" be used at all when there is an optical to electronic transformation such as in a photomultiplier tube in an SEM or a CCD device in an electronic camera? I imagine if the word "optical" is used there should be no transformation from light to electron and the path between the human eye and the illuminated specimen should be direct other than the glass in between. However, one must somehow get the "optical" image onto some medium such as a piece of paper as one would do in "wet" photography and emulsions. In the end, every image no matter how generated, is a perception of reality in the human brain or for that matter any specie's brain/nervous system. I might ask what is color in the mind? Is blue still blue when my dog looks at it? I will check with my dog on this.
Peter
-----Original Message----- } From: Gillmeister, Russ [mailto:RGillmeister-at-crt.xerox.com] Sent: Tuesday, July 23, 2002 1:32 PM To: 'Ian MacLaren' Cc: 'MSA'
Ian, I think it would be great if the term light microscopy were used. TEM is definitely an optical microscopy technique. You could argue about SEM. While the column is electron optical, the image formation mechanism is not. SPM is not with possible exception of near field.
My two cents. Or maybe one today. The longer I work the farther I am from retirement!!!! Russ Gillmeister Xerox ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-----Original Message----- } From: Ian MacLaren [mailto:maclaren-at-tu-darmstadt.de] Sent: Tuesday, July 23, 2002 8:05 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Dear all, What do you consider to be the standard terminology for microscopy involving a conventional microscope with the sample illuminated by light?
Optical microscopy?
Light Microscopy?
Light optical microscopy?
Something else?
The first seems to be often used, but as far as I can see, every form of microscopy is optical, whether using light, electrons, X-rays or something else. So, it seems to be a bit too vague.
We have a polaroid SprintScan45 and we have just updated the computer which is running Windows 2000. Has anyone successfully got this scanner working with 16 bit mode? I would be interested in getting copies of the drivers that you are using. Please respond off the list. Thanks.
-Scott
Scott D. Walck, Ph.D. PPG Industries, Inc. Glass Technology Center P. O. Box 11472 (letters) Guys Run Rd. (packages) Pittsburgh, PA 15238-0472
Eric- I noticed that Edmund Industrial Optics sells such an item for $82.50US. Pg. 269 in their 2002 catalogue (800)363-1992.
Sincerely, Matthew Ervin, Ph.D. (301)394-0017 phone, (301)394-1559 fax MErvin-at-ARL.Army.mil
M/S: AMSRL-SE-RL US Army Research Laboratory 2800 Powder Mill Road Adelphi, MD 20783-1197
Disclaimer: The opinions and views expressed above are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory or any other government agency
"Eric.Hines-at-csiro.au" To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com 07/23/02 07:23 PM cc: Subject: eyepiece graticule
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Dear all, Does anyone know of a supplier of eyepiece graticules with radial lines at known angles (a protractor) so we can measure angles through the microscope. Eric.
I tried a couple of searches on ZDNet downloads, and found several shareware programs priced around $20.
Try this link: http://downloads-zdnet.com.com/3120-20-0.html?qt=poster&tg=dl-2001 (You will have to weed out programs to post to Usenet newsgroups, screensavers, etc., but there really aren't too many to deal with.)
HTH, Jim Passmore Sr. Analytical Chemist Cryovac Division Sealed Air Corporation james.passmore-at-sealedair.com 864-433-2927 voice 864-433-2205 fax
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Hello List,
Thanks for all the suggestions. What I am looking for is a graphics program that will print banners on sheet paper (8.5 x 11). Our old program would spread the banner across the sheets. After printing, you would put the sheets together for the banner. We have Canvas, Photoshop, Paint Shop Pro, Powerpoint, etc. software but as far as I can determine none of them have this feature.
Thanks,
Steve Widing EM Tech / Computer Labs Manager Biology Department Temple University Philadelphia, PA
Illustrator can spread the print over several 8.5 x 11 sheets and I would expect that Canvas could also. It is called "tiling" so check the Help files to see if it is listed. We use Illustrator and PowerPoint for posters up to 44 inches by several feet. PowerPoint is limited to 52 x 52 inches but can be scaled. Illustrator costs $99 with an educational discount at our bookstore and is the program of choice for posters, etc, around here. We find some issues with the proprietary postscript in PowerPoint but no problems with Illustrator.
Good luck, Rick A. Harris, Director Microscopy and Imaging Facility Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology 1241 Life Sciences Addition University of California Davis, CA 530 752 2914 http://katie.ucdavis.edu raharris-at-ucdavis.edu
At 08:15 AM 7/24/2002 -0400, swiding wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Do you have access to Microsoft Publisher?? It has templates for banners. Or, if you need to customize your own sizes, you can do so, and then it has a print option called "tile". If your material is, say, 18 inches by 4 feet, the "tile" feature will print it out across an appropriate number of 8.5x11 pages, complete with alignment markings for trimming and lining up the output. Is this what you need??
################### Ann Hein Lehman Assistant Director, EM Facility Trinity College - LSC314 300 Summit Street Hartford CT 06106 v. 860-297-4289 f. 860-297-2538 e. ann.lehman-at-trincoll.edu w. http://www.trincoll.edu/~alehman/ Facility beta: http://www.trincoll.edu/~alehman/EM_Facility.htm
-----Original Message----- } From: swiding [mailto:swiding-at-temple.edu] Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 8:16 AM To: E-mail
Hello List,
Thanks for all the suggestions. What I am looking for is a graphics program that will print banners on sheet paper (8.5 x 11). Our old program would spread the banner across the sheets. After printing, you would put the sheets together for the banner. We have Canvas, Photoshop, Paint Shop Pro, Powerpoint, etc. software but as far as I can determine none of them have this feature.
Thanks,
Steve Widing EM Tech / Computer Labs Manager Biology Department Temple University Philadelphia, PA
A caution on misinterpreting number of articles listings on google searches, and some general advice on constructing search strings to better eliminate "false hits", if I may.
It seems to me that two-photon, multi-photon, three-photon, entangled-photon and "photon emission microscopy" ought to be eliminated from your google search judging from the context of this thread (these all seem like much more specific terms than what listers are going after). Trying this google search instead: "photon microscopy" -2-photon -entangled -two-photon -multi-photon -entangled cuts your 26000 articles down to 34.
This could not be cut down with more search terms, because google limits search terms to 10 words, preventing me from eliminating "three-photon", "3-photon", "dual-photon", "single-photon", "photon emission microscopy"
Searches within those 34 pages yielded only 1 or 2 that I would say may be using the term "photon microscopy" as a general term like "light microscopy". Looks more like all of them are probably referring to various fluorescence microscopies.
Happy Googling! (how's that for terminology!)
-Kevin
Kevin Frischmann, Laboratory Manager Microscopy & Imaging Facility American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York, NY 10024-5192 USA
If you have Adobe Illustrator "page tiling" will solve your problem. Other programs with "banner" features include: QuarkXpress, PageMaker, and CorelDRAW!. A cheaper, more consumer-oriented alternative is Corel Print House. Also, printer driver features may help - look for "N-up" options (document options... page layout in Windows), which allow spreading a print job across 1x2, 2x2, 2x3, 3x3 & 4x4 pages in the drivers I have.
Kevin Frischmann, Laboratory Manager Microscopy & Imaging Facility American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York, NY 10024-5192 USA
} Hello List, } } Thanks for all the suggestions. What I am looking for is a graphics } program that will print banners on sheet paper (8.5 x 11). Our old program } would spread the banner across the sheets. After printing, you would put } the sheets together for the banner. We have Canvas, Photoshop, Paint Shop Pro, } Powerpoint, etc. software but as far as I can determine none of them have } this feature. } } Thanks, } } Steve Widing } EM Tech / Computer Labs Manager } Biology Department } Temple University } Philadelphia, PA
We still have some places available for the Golf Tournament of Microscopy & Microanalysis 2002. Departure will be on Sunday August 4 at 9:00 AM in front of the Convention Centre of Quebec City.
If you will to register, please contact Jean-Marc Tremblay at the following email address:
jmarc-at-qvc.qc.ca
Cost: $75/person includes Green Fee, Cart, Transportation, Round-trip and refreshments. Deadline: August 31
The Local Arrangement Committee (LAC) informs you that Option #1 (Firework Festival) for the Wednesday Night Social is sold out. However, Option #2 (Music and Dinner at the Chapel of Amerique Francaise) is still on sale. Tickets will be sold at the LAC booth in the exhibit hall of the Convention Centre.
We look forward to seeing you in the Beautiful City of Quebec,
We still have some places (22) available for the Golf Tournament of Microscopy & Microanalysis 2002. Departure will be on Sunday August 4 at 9:00 AM in front of the Convention Centre of Quebec City.
If you will to register, please contact Jean-Marc Tremblay at the following email address:
jmarc-at-qvc.qc.ca
Cost: $75/person includes Green Fee, Cart, Transportation, Round-trip and refreshments. Deadline Correction: JULY 31
The Local Arrangement Committee (LAC) informs you that Option #1 (Firework Festival) for the Wednesday Night Social is sold out. However, Option #2 (Music and Dinner at the Chapel of Amerique Francaise) is still on sale. Tickets will be sold at the LAC booth in the exhibit hall of the Convention Centre.
We look forward to seeing you in the Beautiful City of Quebec,
I remember using a Perchloric acid solution with Butyl Cellusolve, cooled on a very difficult cast Inconel 718 alloy. I bet that it would work for you.
Please read up on the safety precautions for Perchloric acid solutions.
Here are some recipes to start with. I don't have all the voltages and temperatures. Most of the perchloric solutions that I have used int he past have been chilled.
Geoff Only some light and electron microscopes can be defined as optical in the sense that the image is created using lenses. The scanning electron microscope does not image an object using lenses. In the SEM the sole function of the lenses in the electron optical column is to create the electron probe with which the specimen is scanned. Therefore, by your criterion the TEM would be an optical microscope, but the SEM would not. In an exactly analogous way, the functions of the lens optics in a laser scanning confocal microscope are to form the diffraction limited spot and to spatially filter the light emitted from that spot. NOT to generate a 2-D image. Your definition of "optical" would therefore also exclude LSM from the class Optical Microscopes. Personally, I don't think either exclusion is particularly useful, particularly when we consider that many modern microscopes are hybrids of optical and other technologies. Where does STEM fit in? Does x-ray microscopy need to use an x-ray lens to qualify as an optical technique? What is the status of scanned probe microscopes that use laser optics to sense probe movement? Should Near-field optical microscopy be renamed Near-field light microscopy?
Chris
} Optical Microscopy: does that mean it uses a lens system to examine an } object? If so then it becomes impossible to separate the Electron } Microscopes from Light microscopes. } } Here are a few terms I use: } CLM: Conventional Light Microscopy (I learned from Dr. Joanne Whallon } and Dr Shirely Owens at Michigan Sate University) } This has been shortened to just: } LM: Light microscopy with the assumption made that the light is between } UV and IR } } And yes - I will get directly to the posed question so as to say on } topic and focused to Ian MacLaren's original Email: } } Light Microscopy works very well and I think deserves the position of } being the 'correct' term. LM is a nice simple abbreviation that goes } very well with TEM, SEM, AFM, STEM, LSM, CLSM, LSCM (those confocal } folks need to settle down and pick LSM ;) ). } } Make any sense? } } Geoff Williams } Microscopy Facility Supervisor } Biology Department } Central Michigan University } Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 } }
} "...Also, printer driver features may help - look for "N-up" options (document options... page layout in Windows), which allow spreading a print job across 1x2, 2x2, 2x3, 3x3 & 4x4 pages in the drivers I have."
oops - forget that part; N-up is the opposite of what you want, but I believe I've seen print drivers that can accomplish what you want.
Kevin Frischmann, Laboratory Manager Microscopy & Imaging Facility American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York, NY 10024-5192 USA
Recently I experienced a very similar problem. I got through the problems and made this toy work. Here is my status and solution:
System: Oxford Link ISIS 300 with ATW2 window 10 mm2, Hitachi S3500N VP SEM , W-filament without airlock. Problem on 03/25/02: Deadtime came to 100% suddenly, even without beam on. The zero energy peak floated to 0.2-0.3 KeV, heavy background on 0.1-1 KeV. The system was totally useless. Solution: Run detector reconditioner program (takes 2.00 hours). Then shut down EDS computer, and shut down EDS controller box. Then turn on the EDS controller, and reboot the EDS computer and system. Use Co standard and high vacuum mode, 25KV, acquire a EDS spectrum. High deadtime was gone. Adjust beam current so that the count rate is ~1500 and deadtime is ~30%, and close acquisition window (this step sets up your SEM to right beam dose for EDS detector). Next, run Full Calibration program and sign Co as the standard on dialog window. It takes about 5 minutes. Then calibrate the spectrum for location of zero energy peak on acquisition window. All set up is done. It is my feeling that the Oxford software has less intelligence to clean up the junk program in the system and you have to totally shut down (power off) the system to get rid of the junk program segments.
Problem on 07/19/02: The same problem came again, and the same procedure was conducted. Problem is gone.
I have no clear clue what causes the high deadtime. If there is a pinhole on window, the EDS functionality should not be able to recover and abnormal LN2 consumption would be the result. The work load on this SEM is extremely heavy, we switch between VP and high vacuum modes, use high voltages from 0.8-25KV at any value, change sample about 30 times/day. No air dry device or dry N2 attached to the release air line. Icing and outgas product on surface of window may be the most likely candidate for this problem. You need to make sure there is no lighting source (chamber view source) and radioactivity material involved during reconditioning and full calibration procedure.
Hopeful this helps a bit.
Zhiyu Wang Sr. Engineer Maxtor Corp. Milpitas, CA (408)894-5588
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } Dear Listers: } } } } } } The last year we installed ENCA 200 system in our JSM 840 SEM. Last week } } } when we repaired our SEM, liquid nitrogen in dewar was emptied to remove } } } water. Then we re-filled new liquid nitrogen through "warm up" and "cool } } } down" procedures. After that, we tried to calibrate this ISIS system. When } } } making "discriminators only", a message showed "ISIS calibration unable to } } } measure strobe peak. Abandoning calibration". At somebody's suggestion, } } } several times of conditioner were conducted, but the situation is the same. } } } We couldn't do anything now. The system seems to be locked. Also when } } } running EDS, no any peaks could be found, showing very high deadtime (99%). } } } Even without beam, the deadtime is also very high. It was suspected that the } } } detector system was damaged. I suspect that the strobed zero peak is } } } generated in the XP2 pulse processor, not in the detector. Why } } } "discriminators only" didn't work? } } } } } } If anybody of you has experience with this type of problems, I would like to } } } have your opinions and thoughts. Thanks! } } } } } } Our system No. 05426-2390-414-51, Model 6506, att 1: 32804c802, att2: } } } 0120024, window: ATW2 det. area 10 mmxmm. } } } } } } Yuquan Ding } } } Materials Labs } } } Dept. of Mechanical Engineering } } } University of Waterloo } } } Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 } } } 519-888-4567 x3766 } } } Fax: 519-888-6197 } } } Email: yding-at-uwaterloo.ca } } ------------------------------------------- } No files should be attached to this message } ------------------------------------------- } Warren E. Straszheim, Ph.D. } Materials Analysis and Research Lab } Iowa State University } 23 Town Engineering } Ames IA, 50011-3232 } } Ph: 515-294-8187 } FAX: 515-294-4563 } } E-Mail: wesaia-at-iastate.edu } Web: www.marl.iastate.edu } } Scanning electron microscopy, x-ray analysis, and image analysis of materials } Computer applications and networking } } }
Hi people I need a grain boundary etchant for ceramic chip capacitors. I would like to view the ceramic boundaries. If someone out there that has a formula to share I would appreciate. Thank you
p.s. I know this is not the best forum for this question but I have received no response from EDFAS and hope that someone here or someone you may know can answer this question.
Robert Fowler Quality Assurance Technician (Failure Analysis) TDK Components USA, Inc. Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor Division 1 TDK Boulevard Peachtree City GA 30269-2051 Telephone: (770) 631-0410 Ext.315 Fax: (770) 487-1460 email: rfowler-at-tdktca.com www.tdk.com
We need to cut "thick?" cross sections of polymer/metal laminates for FTIR microscope analysis. Material thickness is around 100 microns..(section thickness somewhere around 0.5 to 1mm i think) I have 2 ultra microtomes but the sample size and section thickness obtained from the ultramicrotome are to small for this application.
Any suggestions on the type of microtome i should consider. (Used is a definite option) or is there another piece of equipment i can use for this?
We are currently slicing pieces of our sample with a razor blade but this causes some smearing in the layers. I am currently being courted by one vendor who is going to lend me a microtome to try out.
Suggestions are greatly appreciated Vendors please reply to me directly.
Cheers
Paul D. Nolan Electron Optics
Alcan International Limited Kingston Research and Development Centre P.O.Box 8400, 945 Princess Street Kingston, Ontario K7L 5L9
Dear Listers, I would like to know of any licensing policies and procedures used by university EM and/or imaging facilities to handle requests to use photomicrographs. Thanks once again for your input. Rosemary
Which would you rather be in contact with, a high intensity beam of focused light from a microscope lamp, or an electron beam of 50,000volts. I think you are confused if you think there is no difference in IR, UV, visible light, and electron microscopy. It seems that your desire is to win an argument based upon silly logic, rather than reason and science.
Mel
} ---------- } From: Geoff Williams[SMTP:willi1gl-at-cmich.edu] } Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 9:33 AM } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: RE: Terminology: optical microscopy? } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Lets pose a question: } } What is microscopy? The use of some form of the EMS to examine an } object's properties. } } What are Optics? Are they not the component of the system that allows } us to harness and control the particular range of the EMS we want to } use? } } I don't agree that you can separate Optics as being only for the use of } longer wavelength (Visual spectrum or say UV-IR). } } Optics should be as defined by physics. Any lens element that changes } the character or distribution of any component of the EMS. } } I'm going through a small library behind me here are a few snippets: } } "The transmission electron microscope is a type of microscope and thus } conforms to the definition of a microscope which is "an optical } instrument consisting of a lens or a combination of lenses used for } making enlarged or magnified images of minute objects."" } -Clinton J. Dawes 'Biological Techniques for Transmission and Scanning } Electron Microscopy 1979 edition published by Ladd. - third printing } } That's just one good example. } } Optical Microscopy: does that mean it uses a lens system to examine an } object? If so then it becomes impossible to separate the Electron } Microscopes from Light microscopes. } } Here are a few terms I use: } CLM: Conventional Light Microscopy (I learned from Dr. Joanne Whallon } and Dr Shirely Owens at Michigan Sate University) } This has been shortened to just: } LM: Light microscopy with the assumption made that the light is between } UV and IR } } And yes - I will get directly to the posed question so as to say on } topic and focused to Ian MacLaren's original Email: } } Light Microscopy works very well and I think deserves the position of } being the 'correct' term. LM is a nice simple abbreviation that goes } very well with TEM, SEM, AFM, STEM, LSM, CLSM, LSCM (those confocal } folks need to settle down and pick LSM ;) ). } } Make any sense? } } Geoff Williams } Microscopy Facility Supervisor } Biology Department } Central Michigan University } Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 } }
http://www.reticles.com/cckr810.htm Klarmann Rulings Inc. COMPARATOR KR-810 360° PROTRACTOR
Gary Gill
-----Original Message----- } From: "Eric.Hines%csiro.au"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com [mailto:"Eric.Hines%csiro.au"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com] Sent: Tuesday, July 23, 2002 6:24 PM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Dear all, Does anyone know of a supplier of eyepiece graticules with radial lines at known angles (a protractor) so we can measure angles through the microscope. Eric.
} ---------- } From: Gary Gill[SMTP:garygill-at-dcla.com] } Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 10:12 AM } To: '"Eric.Hines%csiro.au"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com'; } microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: RE: eyepiece graticule } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } http://www.reticles.com/cckr810.htm } Klarmann Rulings Inc. } COMPARATOR } KR-810 360° PROTRACTOR } } Gary Gill } } -----Original Message----- } } From: "Eric.Hines%csiro.au"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } [mailto:"Eric.Hines%csiro.au"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com] } Sent: Tuesday, July 23, 2002 6:24 PM } To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: eyepiece graticule } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Dear all, } Does anyone know of a supplier of eyepiece graticules with radial lines at } known angles (a protractor) so we can measure angles through the } microscope. } Eric. }
No argument. Not at all. I thought this was a discussion. Geesh. Forgive me for thinking there would be reasonable discussion about this like in other open forum/listserver stuff I'm a member of.
As for silly logic.
Does not logic follow that a detector is the final source? Confocal: PMT or CCD (in general) is the detector. Still dependent on optics is it not? IE to focus and scan the beam? Right?
SEM. Sure its just an electron microprobe, but it still uses the fundamentals of optics to create that probe does it not?
No I'm not confused. I'm pretty darn clear. But maybe I'm making it too simple. To clean.
Optical microscopy is pretty much all microscopy. Sure some just use a focused beam of electrons to generate X-rays or to mill samples. Still requires the use of optics.
I think too many people even in this community loose sight of fundamental underlining interconnections.
I've no need to win arguments. I enjoy reading the comments.
Mel, I hate to say it but you sound like the person with silly logic void of tangible related science ;)
Every type of microscope has a different application and use. Yes they are all pretty much optical microscopes. When you think about them in that manner and then begin to examine their differences the taxonomy becomes clear and painfully simple. Maybe it is the fact that taxonomy isn't unfamiliar to me as a Biologically trained microscopist.
Sorry Allen, your's wasn't quite the RIP. ;)
Geoff
-----Original Message----- } From: Pollinger, Mel [mailto:pollingm-at-bsci.com] Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 4:42 PM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com; 'Geoff Williams'
Dear Geoff:
I can see that you must win the argument. So be it! You are the winner!
Mel
} ---------- } From: Geoff Williams[SMTP:willi1gl-at-cmich.edu] } Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 5:18 PM } To: 'Pollinger, Mel'; Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: RE: Terminology: optical microscopy? } } Um, } } No argument. Not at all. I thought this was a discussion. Geesh. } Forgive me for thinking there would be reasonable discussion about this } like in other open forum/listserver stuff I'm a member of. } } As for silly logic. } } Does not logic follow that a detector is the final source? Confocal: } PMT or CCD (in general) is the detector. Still dependent on optics is } it not? IE to focus and scan the beam? Right? } } SEM. Sure its just an electron microprobe, but it still uses the } fundamentals of optics to create that probe does it not? } } No I'm not confused. I'm pretty darn clear. But maybe I'm making it } too simple. To clean. } } Optical microscopy is pretty much all microscopy. Sure some just use a } focused beam of electrons to generate X-rays or to mill samples. Still } requires the use of optics. } } I think too many people even in this community loose sight of } fundamental underlining interconnections. } } I've no need to win arguments. I enjoy reading the comments. } } Mel, I hate to say it but you sound like the person with silly logic } void of tangible related science ;) } } Every type of microscope has a different application and use. Yes they } are all pretty much optical microscopes. When you think about them in } that manner and then begin to examine their differences the taxonomy } becomes clear and painfully simple. Maybe it is the fact that taxonomy } isn't unfamiliar to me as a Biologically trained microscopist. } } Sorry Allen, your's wasn't quite the RIP. ;) } } Geoff } } -----Original Message----- } From: Pollinger, Mel [mailto:pollingm-at-bsci.com] } Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 4:42 PM } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com; 'Geoff Williams' } Subject: RE: Terminology: optical microscopy? } Importance: High } } Dear Geoff: } } Which would you rather be in contact with, a high intensity beam of } focused } light from a microscope lamp, or an electron beam of 50,000volts. I } think } you are confused if you think there is no difference in IR, UV, visible } light, and electron microscopy. It seems that your desire is to win an } argument based upon silly logic, rather than reason and science. } } Mel } } } ---------- } } From: Geoff Williams[SMTP:willi1gl-at-cmich.edu] } } Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 9:33 AM } } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } } Subject: RE: Terminology: optical microscopy? } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } Lets pose a question: } } } } What is microscopy? The use of some form of the EMS to examine an } } object's properties. } } } } What are Optics? Are they not the component of the system that allows } } us to harness and control the particular range of the EMS we want to } } use? } } } } I don't agree that you can separate Optics as being only for the use } of } } longer wavelength (Visual spectrum or say UV-IR). } } } } Optics should be as defined by physics. Any lens element that changes } } the character or distribution of any component of the EMS. } } } } I'm going through a small library behind me here are a few snippets: } } } } "The transmission electron microscope is a type of microscope and thus } } conforms to the definition of a microscope which is "an optical } } instrument consisting of a lens or a combination of lenses used for } } making enlarged or magnified images of minute objects."" } } -Clinton J. Dawes 'Biological Techniques for Transmission and Scanning } } Electron Microscopy 1979 edition published by Ladd. - third printing } } } } That's just one good example. } } } } Optical Microscopy: does that mean it uses a lens system to examine an } } object? If so then it becomes impossible to separate the Electron } } Microscopes from Light microscopes. } } } } Here are a few terms I use: } } CLM: Conventional Light Microscopy (I learned from Dr. Joanne Whallon } } and Dr Shirely Owens at Michigan Sate University) } } This has been shortened to just: } } LM: Light microscopy with the assumption made that the light is } between } } UV and IR } } } } And yes - I will get directly to the posed question so as to say on } } topic and focused to Ian MacLaren's original Email: } } } } Light Microscopy works very well and I think deserves the position of } } being the 'correct' term. LM is a nice simple abbreviation that goes } } very well with TEM, SEM, AFM, STEM, LSM, CLSM, LSCM (those confocal } } folks need to settle down and pick LSM ;) ). } } } } Make any sense? } } } } Geoff Williams } } Microscopy Facility Supervisor } } Biology Department } } Central Michigan University } } Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 } } } } }
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PARENTS OF 15 - YEAR OLD - FIND $71,000 CASH HIDDEN IN HIS CLOSET!
Does this headline look familiar? Of course it does. You most likely have just seen this story recently featured on a major nightly news program (USA). And reported elsewhere in the world (including my neck of the woods – New Zealand). His mother was cleaning and putting laundry away when she came across a large brown paper bag that was suspiciously buried beneath some clothes and a skateboard in the back of her 15-year-old sons closet. Nothing could have prepared her for the shock she got when she opened the bag and found it was full of cash. Five-dollar bills, twenties, fifties and hundreds - all neatly rubber-banded in labelled piles.
"My first thought was that he had robbed a bank", says the 41-year-old woman, "There was over $71,000 dollars in that bag -- that's more than my husband earns in a year".
The woman immediately called her husband at the car-dealership where he worked to tell him what she had discovered.He came home right away and they drove together to the boys school and picked him up. Little did they suspect that where the money came from was more shocking than actually finding it in the closet.
As it turns out, the boy had been sending out, via E-mail, a type of "Report" to E-mail addresses that he obtained off the Internet. Everyday after school for the past 2 months, he had been doing this right on his computer in his bedroom.
"I just got the E-mail one day and I figured what the heck, I put my name on it like the instructions said and I started sending it out", says the clever 15-year-old.
The E-mail letter listed 5 addresses and contained instructions to send one $5 dollar bill to each person on the list, then delete the address at the top and move the others addresses Down , and finally to add your name to the top of the list.
The letter goes on to state that you would receive several thousand dollars in five-dollar bills within 2 weeks if you sent out the letter with your name at the top of the 5-address list. "I get junk E-mail all the time, and really did not think it was going to work", the boy continues.
Within the first few days of sending out the E-mail, the Post Office Box that his parents had gotten him for his video-game magazine subscriptions began to fill up with not magazines, but envelopes containing $5 bills.
"About a week later I rode [my bike] down to the post office and my box had 1 magazine and about 300 envelops stuffed in it. There was also a yellow slip that said I had to go up to the [post office] counter. I thought I was in trouble or something (laughs)". He goes on, "I went up to the counter and they had a whole box of more mail for me. I had to ride back home and empty out my backpack because I could not carry it all". Over the next few weeks, the boy continued sending out the E-mail."The money just kept coming in and I just kept sorting it and stashing it in the closet, barely had time for my homework".He had also been riding his bike to several of the banks in his area and exchanging the $5 bills for twenties, fifties and hundreds.
"I didn't want the banks to get suspicious so I kept riding to different banks with like five thousand at a time in my backpack. I would usually tell the lady at the bank counter that my dad had sent me in to exchange the money] and he was outside waiting for me.One time the lady gave me a really strange look and told me that she would not be able to do it for me and my dad would have to come in and do it, but I just rode to the next bank down the street (laughs)." Surprisingly, the boy did not have any reason to be afraid.The reporting news
team examined and investigated the so-called "chain-letter" the boy was sending out and found that it was not a chain-letter at all.In fact, it was completely legal according to US Postal and Lottery Laws, Title 18, Section 1302 and 1341, or Title 18, Section 3005 in the US code, also in the code of federal regulations, Volume 16, Sections 255 and 436, which state a product or service must be exchanged for money received.
Every five-dollar bill that he received contained a little note that read, "Please send me report number XYX".This simple note made the letter legal because he was exchanging a service (A Report on how-to) for a five-dollar fee.
[This is the end of the media release. If you would like to understand how the system works and get your $71,000 - please continue reading. What appears below is what the 15 year old was sending out on the net - YOU CAN USE IT TOO - just follow the simple instructions].
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Note* follow the directons below, I had best results the second time when i hired a bulk email service in addition to following the reports instructions.
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=
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PLEASE MAKE SURE you copy every name & address ACCURATELY! +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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=ORDER EACH REPORT BY ITS NUMBER & NAME ONLY. Notes: Always send $5 cash (U.S. CURRENCY) for each Report. Checks NOT accepted. Make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in at least 2 sheets of paper or aluminum foil. On one of those sheets of paper, Write the NUMBER & the NAME of the Report you are ordering, YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS and your name and postal address.
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+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ REPORT #1: The Insider's Guide to Advertising for Free on the Net
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+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Follow these guidelines to guarantee your success:
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Since many of you do biological imaging vis-a-vis SEM and "optical" means, I have a question. When imaging bacteria or any micro-organism, is the species identified by it's shape, general apperance, size etc.? Or better yet, just how is it identified in the EM? Or does this require some other assay for identification and then it is imaged to generate other information? I don't image bio materials but it is something that I would like to be able to show my daughter who is interested in the micro-biological world. I see a future in electronic bio-identification and since her interests seem to lie in that direction, I'd like to explain some of this intelligently.
We have had great success cutting thick sections 100-500 nm (0.1-0.5 mm) of biological samples using a Tissue Slicer from EMS. Vibratome is another brand; not sure who sells it.
Sara E. Miller, Ph. D. P. O. Box 3712 Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC 27710 Ph: 919 684-3452 FAX: 919 684-3265
Hello Steve Widing, Canvas will print on multiple sheets which can be taped or glued together to make banners or posters. You need to set the document size to larger than one sheet of paper. Select Page Setup in the File menu, select the Canvas 7 (or Canvas 5) opinion, and click the "tile" button. This will set up Canvas to print across multiple sheets which are tiled to match your graphics file. You can tape these sheets together to form your banner. Good luck. Tyrone Daulton
swiding wrote:
} } } Hello List, } } Thanks for all the suggestions. What I am looking for is a graphics } program that will print banners on sheet paper (8.5 x 11). Our old program } would spread the banner across the sheets. After printing, you would put } the sheets together for the banner. We have Canvas, Photoshop, } Paint Shop Pro, } Powerpoint, etc. software but as far as I can determine none of them have } this feature. } } Thanks, } } Steve Widing } EM Tech / Computer Labs Manager } Biology Department } Temple University } Philadelphia, PA
-- _____________________________________________________ Tyrone L. Daulton Director: Marine Geosciences - Electron Microscopy Facility Physicist and Senior Electron Microscopist
Naval Research Laboratory Marine Geosciences Division (Code 7400) Stennis Space Center, MS 39529-5004
This message is in response to a Listserver posting concerning Veeco and FEI Merger. ----------------------------------------------------------- Since we announced our proposed merger with Veeco Instruments last Friday, July 12, some of you have raised concern over our future commitment to your needs. FEI has grown as a result of our strong technology portfolio and our ability to leverage it across our diverse customer base, including the very important scientific research sector. The solutions we offer cross over our industry sectors more every year. Make no mistake, we intend to continue the growth of Veeco FEI through expanded focus on the needs of the scientific research industry and microscopists, delivering the tools you need to succeed. Please visit our website at www.feicompany.com { {http://www.feicompany.com} http://www.feicompany.com} and visit the merger information page that is accessible from our home page for more on how we intend to serve you better as a result of this merger.
Thank you, Vahe' Sarkissian, Chairman, president and CEO, FEI Company.
Cheers, George Scholes Director of North American Sales 7451 NW Evergreen Parkway Hillsboro, OR 97124 PH # 503-640-7644 FX # 503-640-7663 gscholes-at-feico.com
Microbes are like people and come in different sizes, shapes and morphologies but can not be identified to the genus/species level (such as Salmonella typhimurium) using EM alone. EM will allow one to identify the microbe to the major group, however.
For example, the major categories of bacteria are Gram positive, Gram negative. EM (as well as light microscopy after using Gram staining procedures) will permit one to ID the bacteria as G+ or G- based on cell wall structure. Then, based on the size and shape of the cell (coccus, rod, curved, pleomorphic, etc.), the presence of various structures (flagella, oil bodies, extracellular capsules, etc.) one would probably get a "reasonable idea" of the genus (Streptococcus, Bacillus, Vibrio, etc.) but that's about all one can achieve using morphology alone.
Further biochemical (physiological) tests would be needed after isolating the organism and growing a pure culture of it. These are standard, microbiological tests and commercial kits are available, including immunological and molecular ones.
Fungi would be identified in a similar manner (morphology, staining reactions in LM, isolation of organism, biochemical/physiological tests, etc.).
Viruses could be identified to the major family based on morphology (herpes, adenovirus, poxvirus, etc.) and some viruses are so unique (rabies, Ebola, Hepatitis B) that the morphology (and clinical presentation) would give a fairly accurate "presumptive diagnosis" that could later be confirmed by more specific tests (immunological, molecular, etc.). An experienced medical microbiologist or pathologist can give an amazingly accurate identification based on morphology and clinical symptoms alone.
Of course, in the case of a newly emerged virus (where no test systems have been developed) EM is extremely valuable and may give the first indication that we are dealing with a new organism (Ebola, Hepatitis B, HIV).
I hope that the microbiologically-oriented microscopists/pathologists who follow this list will comment further on this matter based on their own clinical and laboratory experiences dealing with a variety of micro organisms. Needless to say, this is an extremely interesting and potentially life-saving activity.
John B.
} From: Peter Tomic {PTomic-at-anadigics.com} To: MSA listserver {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com}
It is and it isn't. There are rod bacteria, spiral bacteria, and other sorts of bacteria that do allow identification by general appearance. I've have major discussions with Tina Swatch about morphology differences between similar bacteriums.
It seems that the bottom line is that you can distinguish the major types by rod, sphere, spiral, etc. But to make a determination of a specific type within one of these groups is difficult. For example, Yersinia pestis and Yersinia enterocolitica look basically the same. Pestis is the cause of the Plague. To me, side by side, they look the same. E. coli, Salmonella and Listeria kinda look the same too. But I'm not a microbio guy. So maybe they would have a sweet spot in the microbio's eye.
If you want to find out what a specific bacterium is, that leads to serology. That is way out of my league. I too look for morphology. I'm most interested in whether the thing looks like a rod or a spiral. And I want to know if this rod looks like some other bacterium rod. Other than that, it is academic. And it is.
But for your daughter, the initial shapes should be of importance. Rod, cocci, spiral, etc. These are well-documented. It is a very big, tiny world. Marvelous....and potentially deadly.
For a good reference, try Black, J. (1996). Microbiology: Principles & applications. Prentice-Hall: New Jersey. ISBN 0-13-190745-X
If she can get through this text, she should be able to get through microbio 1A with no sweat. I sweat every time I read this book. There is a lot there. Very good. It is sort of like a compendium of Widlar, Grebene, Hunter, Meyer, Hamilton, Lynn, and Gray. But these are not microbio. :-)
gary g.
At 04:05 PM 7/24/2002, you wrote:
} Folks; } } Since many of you do biological imaging vis-a-vis SEM and "optical" means, I } have a question. When imaging bacteria or any micro-organism, is the species } identified by it's shape, general apperance, size etc.? Or better yet, just } how is it identified in the EM? Or does this require some other assay for } identification and then it is imaged to generate other information? I don't } image bio materials but it is something that I would like to be able to show } my daughter who is interested in the micro-biological world. I see a future } in electronic bio-identification and since her interests seem to lie in that } direction, I'd like to explain some of this intelligently. } } Peter
I'm trying to figure out how to effectively block them, all of which started with a spam mail about "Mother finding 71 ...."
Now I hope you all understand why I ask people to unsubscribe rather than just turning on an " out of the office message" ! I've been able to stop these in the past, but the characteristics of this set are unique and are get through the junk mail filter.
This is a bleed issue. Most all programs can handle this.
There are many apps out there that can do what you want and more. The specific ways of doing this will vary greatly.
Check it out from all aspects.
gary g.
At 05:15 AM 7/24/2002, you wrote:
} Hello List, } } Thanks for all the suggestions. What I am looking for is a graphics } program that will print banners on sheet paper (8.5 x 11). Our old program } would spread the banner across the sheets. After printing, you would put } the sheets together for the banner. We have Canvas, Photoshop, Paint Shop Pro, } Powerpoint, etc. software but as far as I can determine none of them have } this feature. } } Thanks, } } Steve Widing } EM Tech / Computer Labs Manager } Biology Department } Temple University } Philadelphia, PA
Why not just backscatter this image? There would not be any special specimen prep or other efforts.
This is done all the time for FA of passive and active components.
gary g.
At 01:11 PM 7/24/2002, you wrote:
} Hi people } I need a grain boundary etchant for ceramic chip capacitors. I would like } to view the ceramic boundaries. If someone out there that has a formula to } share I would appreciate. Thank you } } p.s. I know this is not the best forum for this question but I have } received no response from EDFAS and hope that someone here or someone you } may know can answer this question. } } Robert Fowler } Quality Assurance Technician (Failure Analysis) } TDK Components USA, Inc. } Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor Division } 1 TDK Boulevard } Peachtree City GA 30269-2051 } Telephone: (770) 631-0410 Ext.315 } Fax: (770) 487-1460 } email: rfowler-at-tdktca.com } www.tdk.com
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Thank you, Mari, for passing that belated message on.
I do hope that Veeco FEI breaks the mold of past mergers. This letter and what is available on the web site is certainly more than past events have offered. The only thing that would have offered more assurance would have been a higher up addressing this forum directly. Time will tell.
Allen R. Sampson Advanced Research Systems 317 North 4th. Street St. Charles, Illinois 60174
On Wednesday, July 24, 2002 6:39 PM, Nakama, Mari [SMTP:MNakama-at-feico.com] wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } This message is in response to a Listserver posting concerning Veeco } and FEI Merger. } ----------------------------------------------------------- } Since we announced our proposed merger with Veeco Instruments last } Friday, July 12, some of you have raised concern over our future } commitment to your needs. FEI has grown as a result of our strong } technology portfolio and our ability to leverage it across our } diverse customer base, including the very important scientific } research sector. The solutions we offer cross over our industry } sectors more every year. Make no mistake, we intend to continue the } growth of Veeco FEI through expanded focus on the needs of the } scientific research industry and microscopists, delivering the tools } you need to succeed. Please visit our website at www.feicompany.com } { {http://www.feicompany.com} http://www.feicompany.com} and visit the } merger information page that is accessible from our home page for } more on how we intend to serve you better as a result of this merger. } } Thank you, } Vahe' Sarkissian, } Chairman, president and CEO, FEI Company. } } } } Cheers, } George Scholes } Director of North American Sales } 7451 NW Evergreen Parkway } Hillsboro, OR 97124 } PH # 503-640-7644 } FX # 503-640-7663 } gscholes-at-feico.com }
hi, Struers sold original solution for electropolishing nickel alloys or ask this company about composition and technical parameters for tenupol machine, in the many books from Vander Voort via ASTM handbook to Petzow, or in the internet you can find data about solution for polishing nickel
best regards
Krzysztof Jan Huebner
{hubner-at-IOd.krakow.pl} :-)
Instytut Odlewnictwa ul Zakopianska 73 telefon (0-12) 2618111 wew 356 30-418 Krakow faks (0-12) 2660870
On Wed, 24 Jul 2002, Ian MacLaren wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Dear all, } Any suggestions for the best electropolishing solution and conditions for a } Nickel-based superalloy (CMSX-4). We have a Struers Tenupol. } } Thanks } } Ian MacLaren } N.B. New address } TU-Darmstadt, FB Materialwissenschaft, FG Strukturforschung } Petersenstr. 23, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany } Tel: +49 6151 162894 } ian.maclaren-at-physics.org / http://members.lycos.co.uk/IanMacLaren/ } } }
} From a scientifique point of view, microscopy (as a general term that would define all techniques mentioned in the recent list messages and other non-mentioned ones), is a method of OBSERVATION of phenomena (usually) of interest to the scientifique community.
Therefore, like any other scientifique technique, microscopy is a tool for the study of phenomena. The data obtained (again like any other scientifique technique) is to be collected carefully and subsequently interpreted.
An honest researcher and scientist is expected, when reporting his/her work, to distinguish between the results of his/her OBSERVATIONS (i.e. the data) and the INTERPRETATION of those results.
The observations being exposed without prejudice and therefore without manipulation, should be reported to the scientifique community, in order that any other scientist could use the data as a set of facts that can be accumulated for the understanding of the phenomena, independant from the way the data is interpreted by the observer.
If so, the observer has the right to give his/her interpretation, by clearly defining them as such, which if it is done without any prejudice and by performing a careful analysis, should further help to elucidate the understanding of the phenomenon, because the observer is the one who has the closest access to his/her OBSERVATIONS.
This would mean that any manipulation of data (whether it is images or other data) would be in fact a self destroying effort in a scientifique study, the most valuable contribution of the scientist starting with his/her effort to collect a correct data.
A true scientist in my opinion is one who sincerely wishes to help advance the science and who does not dogmatically fix his/her mind to an INTERPRETATION; the history showing us several examples of the failure of such attitudes, when the discoveries have been braught by pioneers of modern science.
Regards,
Sousan
Philip Oshel wrote: } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } All of these comments raise the issue that there should be a more } rigorous photography component to any course that teaches microscopy, } whether as a field of study or as a tool. } All good microscopy courses teach photography to some extent, but } this should be expanded, and include more theory. And more material } normally considered part of the photography courses taught in art } schools. } This would have obvious influences on training on the legal and } ethical issues of imaging in microscopy. Perhaps education should be } a part of the ethics sessions at M&M. } Phil } } } As much as the example of the model annoyed me, I am going to continue } } with it to raise some points. } } } } Let's say the model had her picture taken by one of her boyfriends, who } } happened to have a camera with a long telephoto lens. Subsequently the } } model purchases and uses the new Super-Duper-Triple-D Breast Enhancement } } device, and diligently follows the instructions for use for three } } weeks. She then has another picture taken. } } } } Scenario 1: The second photo is taken by a different boyfriend, who has } } his favorite super wide-angle lens on his camera, the one with the } } pincushion effect that makes objects in the middle of the field appear } } larger than those to the sides. He has no idea how the first photo was } } taken. } } } } Scenario 2: The second photo is taken by the first boyfriend, who } } deliberately uses a wide-angle lens this time instead of the telephoto. } } } } Scenario 3: In the first two scenarios the model genuinely thinks the } } device has enlarged her bust. } } } } Scenario 4: In the first two scenarios the model knows the device has NOT } } increased her bust, but knows a bit about photography. She knows that the } } telephoto lens will make her bust appear smaller due to foreshortening, } } and the wide angle lens will make it look bigger, and has asked that those } } particular lenses be used for the photos. The boyfriends are in on this or } } they are not in on this. } } } } Scenario 5: The photo shoots were not set up by an advertising agency for } } the Super-Duper-Triple-D Breast Enhancement Device. } } } } Scenario 6: The photo shoots were set up by an advertising agency for the } } Super-Duper-Triple-D Breast Enhancement Device. } } } } If you look at all the possible combinations and factor in whether each } } participant knowingly or unknowingly performed their roles, and whether } } they performed their part either knowingly and maliciously, or } } unknowingly, or because they were uneducated about the properties of their } } imaging devices, you can see that the images might or might not represent } } the "truth". And this is WITHOUT digital or even darkroom } } manipulation! Throw in differences in lighting and possibly the film type } } and even the chemicals used to make the prints, and you see that you do } } not have a controlled experiment here. Add a little personal bias (I might } } personally consider the model to be an airhead and the first boyfriend to } } be a fool and the second to be a power-hungry, manipulating character, and } } so might draw conclusions based on personal bias when viewing the } } images) and you've got not only flawed data, but a possible } } misinterpretation of the data. } } } } Now let's open these pictures in Photoshop ... } } } } Aloha, } } Tina } } } } } } **************************************************************************** } } * Tina (Weatherby) Carvalho * tina-at-pbrc.hawaii.edu * } } * Biological Electron Microscope Facility * (808) 956-6251 * } } * University of Hawaii at Manoa * http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bemf* } } **************************************************************************** } } -- } Philip Oshel } Supervisor, BBPIC microscopy facility } Department of Animal Sciences } University of Wisconsin } 1675 Observatory Drive } Madison, WI 53706 - 1284 } voice: (608) 263-4162 } fax: (608) 262-5157 (dept. fax)
OpenOffice was mentioned in a previous posting. When I read a later answer I added one and one and realised I should press help in my OpenOffice. There was one entry for "tiling - pages for printing in presentations" "Tile pages Select this option if the pages are to be printed in tile format. For this purpose, select a page format that is larger than the paper format."
.. and it won't cost you a cent to try (unless you have a modem connection :-)
http://www.openoffice.org/
Nuff said!
Regards, Göran Axelsson
swiding wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
I've noticed that the list has come up quite consistently saying SEM doesn't fit the definition. Well technically no in some respects, but in theory it does use optical properties and principles to create a probe.
Sorry for draggin this seemingly tiresome discussion on.
For the record - that definition is Dawes - not mine. And When I read it I'm not sure how it excludes LSM or SEM. But then I'm sure Mel knows in his mind why. ;)
The end result is still an image that used optics to either create a probe or a line and taking the information from that line and translating it into an image.
Forgive me if this bores the list. I'll make every attempt to ignore the desire to post anything about this subject, from here on out.
Geoff
-----Original Message----- } From: Chris Jeffree [mailto:c.jeffree-at-ed.ac.uk] Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 3:27 PM To: Geoff Williams Cc: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Geoff Only some light and electron microscopes can be defined as optical in the sense that the image is created using lenses. The scanning electron microscope does not image an object using lenses. In the SEM the sole function of the lenses in the electron optical column is to create the electron probe with which the specimen is scanned. Therefore, by your criterion the TEM would be an optical microscope, but the SEM would not. In an exactly analogous way, the functions of the lens optics in a laser scanning confocal microscope are to form the diffraction limited spot and to spatially filter the light emitted from that spot. NOT to generate a 2-D image. Your definition of "optical" would therefore also exclude LSM from the class Optical Microscopes. Personally, I don't think either exclusion is particularly useful, particularly when we consider that many modern microscopes are hybrids of optical and other technologies. Where does STEM fit in? Does x-ray microscopy need to use an x-ray lens to qualify as an optical technique? What is the status of scanned probe microscopes that use laser optics to sense probe movement? Should Near-field optical microscopy be renamed Near-field light microscopy?
Chris
} Optical Microscopy: does that mean it uses a lens system to examine an } object? If so then it becomes impossible to separate the Electron } Microscopes from Light microscopes. } } Here are a few terms I use: } CLM: Conventional Light Microscopy (I learned from Dr. Joanne Whallon } and Dr Shirely Owens at Michigan Sate University) } This has been shortened to just: } LM: Light microscopy with the assumption made that the light is between } UV and IR } } And yes - I will get directly to the posed question so as to say on } topic and focused to Ian MacLaren's original Email: } } Light Microscopy works very well and I think deserves the position of } being the 'correct' term. LM is a nice simple abbreviation that goes } very well with TEM, SEM, AFM, STEM, LSM, CLSM, LSCM (those confocal } folks need to settle down and pick LSM ;) ). } } Make any sense? } } Geoff Williams } Microscopy Facility Supervisor } Biology Department } Central Michigan University } Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 } }
I know of someone who wishes to relocate to Houston. If anyone is interested in a hard working, dedicated team player please send contact information and I will pass it on.
Anybody have any idea what the measurment and thread count is on the Wild M20 condenser set screw (the one that holds the condenser in the carrier)?? Thanks Jay
I just found out that I have been OK'd to go to the MSA 2002 Conference in Quebec City. Now I'm scrambling to find a hotel. All of the hotels that the conference cites are full and from what I can tell about the city, many other hotels are full too. Does anyone have any leads as to a reasonably-priced hotel that is close to the Convention Center. I am a woman traveling alone and so safety is a high concern. I really don't need a 4-star hotel either. Additionally, does anyone need a roommate. I am a non-smoker, non-partier and consider myself a fairly respectful roommate. It is nice to have someone to watch out for you in a strange place.
Sincerely, Karen Bovard Creighton University Medical Center Pathology Electron Microscopy Lab Omaha, Nebraska
Welcome to the wonderful world of taxonomy and systematics. There is no simple answer to your question, other than "It depends, what kind of critter are we talking about?" Very little can be said about bacteria on the basis of simple morphology. Gross descriptions can be made, as in "rod-shaped", "coccus", "coccoid in a tetrad", and the like, but that's about it. Much more information not obtainable from morphology alone is needed. Other microbial organisms must be identified by morphology as seen in the light microscope. Ciliates for example can often be gotten to family in the SEM, sometimes to genus (I wouldn't trust species), and light microscopy is required for species identification -- this is usually done by silver staining of the kinetochores at the bases of the cilia. Some of the testate taxa of amoebae can be ID'd to lower levels by the form of the test. Here, I mean the forms that construct little houses to live in, *not* the forms that secrete "shells". or "skeletons" (I'm avoiding the correct technical terms here to get the idea across). Foraminiferans, Radiolarians, Acantharia (with strontium sulphate "skeletons" no less) and other such amoeboid forms, and groups such as diatoms, and other "skeleton" forming groups are ID'd to species by light microscopic morphology or SEM, after removal of the organic bits. Either by killing and chemical means, or a few thousands or millions of years of geological time. Diatoms also used to be ID'd by producing metal-shadowed carbon replicas of the test and imaging them in the TEM. Groups that grow plates on the outside, such as some dinoflagellates and coccolithophorids are ID'd often or exclusively on the morphology of the plates, and this requires light microscopy or SEM.
Generally speaking, Protistans are all identified by light microscopy. Some IDs may now be made by SEM or even TEM, but usually these are supplementary methods for studies of evolutionary relationships. This is also true for most groups -- up to the phylum level -- of small metazoans and algae, and indeed for macroscopic critters, microscopic data may be either required or useful for identification. Bacteria (in the broad sense), no. They can be grouped into broad categories, but without extensive information on colony formation, metabolic requirements and products, behavior (such as motility) and so forth, they can't be ID'd by morphology. Many of us have been doing "electronic bio-identification" for decades. The future is there, if only we can convince the people that sign the paychecks. Until then, we'll run microscopy facilities. A good place to start is Dave Scharf's SEM books for neat images with good information, and a good invertebrate text, such as Brusca and Brusca "Invertebrate Zoology". But there are a wealth of such sources, and a bookstore with a good nature section will have some on their shelves. Fun browsing.
Phil
} Folks; } } Since many of you do biological imaging vis-a-vis SEM and "optical" means, I } have a question. When imaging bacteria or any micro-organism, is the species } identified by it's shape, general apperance, size etc.? Or better yet, just } how is it identified in the EM? Or does this require some other assay for } identification and then it is imaged to generate other information? I don't } image bio materials but it is something that I would like to be able to show } my daughter who is interested in the micro-biological world. I see a future } in electronic bio-identification and since her interests seem to lie in that } direction, I'd like to explain some of this intelligently. } } Peter
-- Philip Oshel Supervisor, BBPIC microscopy facility Department of Animal Sciences University of Wisconsin 1675 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706 - 1284 voice: (608) 263-4162 fax: (608) 262-5157 (dept. fax)
I think you said it yourself: In one case optics is used to create a probe (not an image), in the other case optics is used to create the image itself.
Would you call an EDS spectrum also an "optical image"? It is created using the same probe you used for the micrograph (or "SEM image").
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Geoff Williams [mailto:willi1gl-at-cmich.edu] Sent: Thursday, July 25, 2002 6:58 AM To: 'Chris Jeffree' Cc: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Chris,
I've noticed that the list has come up quite consistently saying SEM doesn't fit the definition. Well technically no in some respects, but in theory it does use optical properties and principles to create a probe.
Sorry for draggin this seemingly tiresome discussion on.
For the record - that definition is Dawes - not mine. And When I read it I'm not sure how it excludes LSM or SEM. But then I'm sure Mel knows in his mind why. ;)
The end result is still an image that used optics to either create a probe or a line and taking the information from that line and translating it into an image.
Forgive me if this bores the list. I'll make every attempt to ignore the desire to post anything about this subject, from here on out.
Geoff
-----Original Message----- } From: Chris Jeffree [mailto:c.jeffree-at-ed.ac.uk] Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 3:27 PM To: Geoff Williams Cc: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Geoff Only some light and electron microscopes can be defined as optical in the sense that the image is created using lenses. The scanning electron microscope does not image an object using lenses. In the SEM the sole function of the lenses in the electron optical column is to create the electron probe with which the specimen is scanned. Therefore, by your criterion the TEM would be an optical microscope, but the SEM would not. In an exactly analogous way, the functions of the lens optics in a laser scanning confocal microscope are to form the diffraction limited spot and to spatially filter the light emitted from that spot. NOT to generate a 2-D image. Your definition of "optical" would therefore also exclude LSM from the class Optical Microscopes. Personally, I don't think either exclusion is particularly useful, particularly when we consider that many modern microscopes are hybrids of optical and other technologies. Where does STEM fit in? Does x-ray microscopy need to use an x-ray lens to qualify as an optical technique? What is the status of scanned probe microscopes that use laser optics to sense probe movement? Should Near-field optical microscopy be renamed Near-field light microscopy?
Chris
} Optical Microscopy: does that mean it uses a lens system to examine an } object? If so then it becomes impossible to separate the Electron } Microscopes from Light microscopes. } } Here are a few terms I use: } CLM: Conventional Light Microscopy (I learned from Dr. Joanne Whallon } and Dr Shirely Owens at Michigan Sate University) } This has been shortened to just: } LM: Light microscopy with the assumption made that the light is between } UV and IR } } And yes - I will get directly to the posed question so as to say on } topic and focused to Ian MacLaren's original Email: } } Light Microscopy works very well and I think deserves the position of } being the 'correct' term. LM is a nice simple abbreviation that goes } very well with TEM, SEM, AFM, STEM, LSM, CLSM, LSCM (those confocal } folks need to settle down and pick LSM ;) ). } } Make any sense? } } Geoff Williams } Microscopy Facility Supervisor } Biology Department } Central Michigan University } Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 } }
We are purchasing a small UV laser (Oriel 79111 -- any comment son this welcome too) for zapping cells in an OPTICAL MICROSCOPE at 337nm.
Instead of dealing with mirros and an open beam in the lab, Oriel recommends its fiber optic which has a standard SMA termination.
We're new at this laser stuff. Does anybody know how to connect the fiber to the UV in port at the back of an Olympus microscope?
Thanks!
____________________________________________________________________________ Michael Cammer Analytical Imaging Facility Albert Einstein Coll. of Med. Jack & Pearl Resnick Campus 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY 10461 (718) 430-2890 Fax: 430-8996 URL: http://www.aecom.yu.edu/aif/
We are looking for a new blade holder that will work in a sliding microtome to section celloidin embedded temporal bones. We want to use high profile blades that are heavy duty to reduce chatter. We found several sources for the blades, but we can't find a holder that will hold a blade that is both high profile AND heavy duty (.033"-.035" thick).Does anyone know of a supplier of a holder for this type of blade?
Thanks in advance, Karen Pawlowski, Ph.D. Research Scientist UT Dallas
I don't seem to have the URL anymore, but go to the Quebec City web site (I got it by a Google search) and go to "accomodations". Click on the downtown and old city areas, and you'll get about 100 hotels, most of them cheaper than the meeting hotels, and within 5 - 10 minutes walk of the convention center. Phil
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-- Philip Oshel Supervisor, BBPIC microscopy facility Department of Animal Sciences University of Wisconsin 1675 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706 - 1284 voice: (608) 263-4162 fax: (608) 262-5157 (dept. fax)
You may try the following web site: http://www.bbselect.com or call them 1 800 741-1617 (Reservation-at-BBSelect.com).
Regards, Benyam
On Thursday, July 25, 2002, at 10:14 AM, "kbovard-at-creighton.edu"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } I just found out that I have been OK'd to go to the MSA 2002 Conference } in } Quebec City. Now I'm scrambling to find a hotel. All of the hotels } that } the conference cites are full and from what I can tell about the city, } many other hotels are full too. Does anyone have any leads as to a } reasonably-priced hotel that is close to the Convention Center. I am a } woman traveling alone and so safety is a high concern. I really don't } need a 4-star hotel either. Additionally, does anyone need a } roommate. I } am a non-smoker, non-partier and consider myself a fairly respectful } roommate. It is nice to have someone to watch out for you in a strange } place. } } Sincerely, } Karen Bovard } Creighton University Medical Center } Pathology Electron Microscopy Lab } Omaha, Nebraska } } (402-280-4651) } } }
-----Original Message----- } From: Karen Pawlowski [mailto:kpawlow-at-swbell.net] Sent: July 25, 2002 3:05 PM To: Histology Net List Server (E-Mail); MSA listserver submission
Michael;
I have a New Wave Corp. laser I use on a micromanipulator in the lab. [semiconductors]. It is used to cut thin and thick films of metal in the range of 400 angstroms to several microns. However, this laser was married to a Mitutoyo widefield microscope and a filter was placed in the optical path in front of the eyepieces for safety reasons by New Wave. I strongly recommend that you check with the mfg. and your safety officer, if you have one, or OSHA, relative to the possibility of eye injury. You don't want to find out later that you are generating lesions in your retina when firing it. The calculation for permissible emission is somewhat complex and involves wavelength, power, pulse width and repetition rate so it's not particularly straightforward. I assume this is a pulsed laser application. If CW [continuos wave], the allowable energy changes.
Peter Tomic Anadigics, Inc. Warren, New Jersey
-----Original Message----- } From: Michael Cammer [mailto:cammer-at-aecom.yu.edu] Sent: Thursday, July 25, 2002 4:46 PM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
We are purchasing a small UV laser (Oriel 79111 -- any comment son this welcome too) for zapping cells in an OPTICAL MICROSCOPE at 337nm.
Instead of dealing with mirros and an open beam in the lab, Oriel recommends its fiber optic which has a standard SMA termination.
We're new at this laser stuff. Does anybody know how to connect the fiber to the UV in port at the back of an Olympus microscope?
Thanks!
____________________________________________________________________________ Michael Cammer Analytical Imaging Facility Albert Einstein Coll. of Med.
Jack & Pearl Resnick Campus 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY 10461
I did talk to TBS and they said none of their holders accomodate the highprofile-heavy duty blades. The only holder they have that accomodates heavy duty blades is a low profile holder.
Karen
Robin Thain wrote: } } Have you tried TBS? } } -----Original Message----- } From: Karen Pawlowski [mailto:kpawlow-at-swbell.net] } Sent: July 25, 2002 3:05 PM } To: Histology Net List Server (E-Mail); MSA listserver submission } Subject: Blade holder for high profile, heavy duty blades } } Hi everyone, } } We are looking for a new blade holder that will work in a sliding } microtome to section celloidin embedded temporal bones. We want } to use high profile blades that are heavy duty to reduce chatter. } We found several sources for the blades, but we can't find a holder } that will hold a blade that is both high profile AND heavy duty } (.033"-.035" thick).Does anyone know of a supplier of a holder for } this type of blade? } } Thanks in advance, } Karen Pawlowski, Ph.D. } Research Scientist } UT Dallas
Dear list-ers- I got an inquiry from a former student: "I'm looking for a dye/stain that we could use on native collagen or elastin or fibrin as an indicator and that would then give us a single peak absorbance at about 650 nm or higher. I've found numerous dyes, but they do not have the single peak absorbance many times or else they are mostly for use with nucleotide labeling, which isn't what we're after here. Many dyes I've found require use with some sort of denaturing agent that would change the structure of the protein, something we want to avoid. Can you help by either suggesting some dyes we may want to take a look at or some companies that we may want to look to for something of this nature?" Many thanks, Carol Heckman Bowling Green State University
Joe Neilly, Research Investigator Abbott Laboratories R45M, AP31 200 Abbott Park Rd. Abbott Park, IL 60064-6202
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I wouldn't call it an "optical image" BUT it does use 'optics' to create the probe. And the optics are a critical part of the system. And thus optical microscopy.
But if you break down what the spectrum really is, it is a representation of the spectrum, is it not? And it is a visual representation in as much as it is a graphical display of the number of counts at each energy point, correct? So then you could call the EDS spectrum an optical image, esp since the end result is presented for a final detector commonly used in conventional light microscopy, which is the Human Retina. Now of course the visual display of the spectrum is really just a bunch of numbers, and depending on the output and the desired information in that bunch of numbers the spectrum display is rather unimportant at times. In as much though, as you combine the pieces and the collection of instrumentation to examine it, you could call it an optical image. But I know there are too many folks out there that are having a hard time following, or understanding my perspective on this. I suppose the reason why I find it so important is that it is a fundamental and critical cohesive link or binding agent that demonstrates the interrelationship of the different ways we examine things. Kinda like the similarity that all 'Trees' have. Sure they are different and do different things but they all can be put together in a common way.
I was thinking about it during my commute. GO back to the basic, the archetypal form, of the microscope, then follow the derivatives, stop looking at just the piece of the system that is important to YOU and look at it as a whole. Does not nearly every type of microscope use optics? And thus does not the term optical microscope seem rather redundant?
It would be like calling the absence of color (meaning black), dark black. Black is dark. No shades for the absence of color. But then I suppose I just pulled in a whole separate issue of another razor - what is color and how to some people define it compared to others.
Respectfully to all, esp to those that find this a waste of bandwidth, Geoff Williams
-----Original Message----- } From: Mike Bode [mailto:mb-at-Soft-Imaging.com] Sent: Thursday, July 25, 2002 1:29 PM To: 'Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com'
Geoff,
I think you said it yourself: In one case optics is used to create a probe (not an image), in the other case optics is used to create the image itself.
Would you call an EDS spectrum also an "optical image"? It is created using the same probe you used for the micrograph (or "SEM image").
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Geoff Williams [mailto:willi1gl-at-cmich.edu] Sent: Thursday, July 25, 2002 6:58 AM To: 'Chris Jeffree' Cc: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Chris,
I've noticed that the list has come up quite consistently saying SEM doesn't fit the definition. Well technically no in some respects, but in theory it does use optical properties and principles to create a probe.
Sorry for draggin this seemingly tiresome discussion on.
For the record - that definition is Dawes - not mine. And When I read it I'm not sure how it excludes LSM or SEM. But then I'm sure Mel knows in his mind why. ;)
The end result is still an image that used optics to either create a probe or a line and taking the information from that line and translating it into an image.
Forgive me if this bores the list. I'll make every attempt to ignore the desire to post anything about this subject, from here on out.
Geoff
-----Original Message----- } From: Chris Jeffree [mailto:c.jeffree-at-ed.ac.uk] Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 3:27 PM To: Geoff Williams Cc: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Geoff Only some light and electron microscopes can be defined as optical in the sense that the image is created using lenses. The scanning electron microscope does not image an object using lenses. In the SEM the sole function of the lenses in the electron optical column is to create the electron probe with which the specimen is scanned. Therefore, by your criterion the TEM would be an optical microscope, but the SEM would not. In an exactly analogous way, the functions of the lens optics in a laser scanning confocal microscope are to form the diffraction limited spot and to spatially filter the light emitted from that spot. NOT to generate a 2-D image. Your definition of "optical" would therefore also exclude LSM from the class Optical Microscopes. Personally, I don't think either exclusion is particularly useful, particularly when we consider that many modern microscopes are hybrids of optical and other technologies. Where does STEM fit in? Does x-ray microscopy need to use an x-ray lens to qualify as an optical technique? What is the status of scanned probe microscopes that use laser optics to sense probe movement? Should Near-field optical microscopy be renamed Near-field light microscopy?
Chris
} Optical Microscopy: does that mean it uses a lens system to examine an } object? If so then it becomes impossible to separate the Electron } Microscopes from Light microscopes. } } Here are a few terms I use: } CLM: Conventional Light Microscopy (I learned from Dr. Joanne Whallon } and Dr Shirely Owens at Michigan Sate University) } This has been shortened to just: } LM: Light microscopy with the assumption made that the light is between } UV and IR } } And yes - I will get directly to the posed question so as to say on } topic and focused to Ian MacLaren's original Email: } } Light Microscopy works very well and I think deserves the position of } being the 'correct' term. LM is a nice simple abbreviation that goes } very well with TEM, SEM, AFM, STEM, LSM, CLSM, LSCM (those confocal } folks need to settle down and pick LSM ;) ). } } Make any sense? } } Geoff Williams } Microscopy Facility Supervisor } Biology Department } Central Michigan University } Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 } }
Thermo Shandon sells a disposable holder that holds heavy duty disposable blades. I am not sure if it will fit your microtome or not, but it is 130 mm long and 39 mm in height. The order number is 47.
Call me if I can be of further assistance.
Best regards,
Mark
Mark Lewis Product Specialist Thermo Shandon 171 Industry Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15275 USA Direct: (412) 747-4013 Fax: (412) 788-1097 E-mail: mark.lewis-at-thermoshandon.com
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Karen Pawlowski To: Robin Thain {rthain-at-telusplanet.net} {kpawlow-at-swbe cc: "Histology Net List Server (E-Mail)" ll.net} {histonet-at-pathology.swmed.edu} , MSA listserver submission {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} 07/25/2002 Subject: Re: Blade holder for high profile, 09:29 PM heavy duty blades
Hi Robin,
I did talk to TBS and they said none of their holders accomodate the highprofile-heavy duty blades. The only holder they have that accomodates heavy duty blades is a low profile holder.
Karen
Robin Thain wrote: } } Have you tried TBS? } } -----Original Message----- } From: Karen Pawlowski [mailto:kpawlow-at-swbell.net] } Sent: July 25, 2002 3:05 PM } To: Histology Net List Server (E-Mail); MSA listserver submission } Subject: Blade holder for high profile, heavy duty blades } } Hi everyone, } } We are looking for a new blade holder that will work in a sliding } microtome to section celloidin embedded temporal bones. We want } to use high profile blades that are heavy duty to reduce chatter. } We found several sources for the blades, but we can't find a holder } that will hold a blade that is both high profile AND heavy duty } (.033"-.035" thick).Does anyone know of a supplier of a holder for } this type of blade? } } Thanks in advance, } Karen Pawlowski, Ph.D. } Research Scientist } UT Dallas
I forward this thread to the Microscopy list in the hope of getting more of a response for these folks that I was able to provide. If that is true, I think they will appreciate the help. I like the part about sectioning dust in sulfur (cake I suppose) and realized that most of us, who have delved into the mysteries of infiltrating and embedding, have spent some time sectioning 'dust' embedded in paraffin or plastic of one sort or another whether we knew it at the time or not. Knowing that dust is in and on everything we work with, breath and eat makes one consider the advisability of moving to a bubble combo of workshop and home. Well, not immediately.
The needy are: MaryLou: mim11-at-cornell.edu and Bob Schoonhoven: rschoon-at-email.unc.edu
Hope there's some real dirty expertise out there. It looks like we're in the loop for a real ESEM here, and I better start learning about what to expect from dirt and soil in my microscope.
Thanks and for those going, have fun in Quebec.
Fred Monson
} ---------- } From: MaryLou } Sent: Friday, July 26, 2002 7:08 AM } To: Monson, Frederick C. } Cc: histonet-at-pathology.swmed.edu } Subject: RE: soil aggregates } } } Good Morning Fred, } } Your internet searching capabilities are astounding. I thank you extremely } } much for all the sites you sent. This should keep the dirt people happy } for a long time. While I enjoy challenges, this one was just a tad out of } } my realm. The critter eyes are piling up and I must get back to the } safety } of paraffin :) } } Thanks again, } Mary Lou } } } } At 02:35 PM 7/25/2002 -0400, you wrote: } } Mary Lou, } } } } You sound like one who has been working this area, but you are } } asking a question that I would consider elementary for a material complex } } such as soil. Thus, I did my usual and instituted a search to see what I } } could find, because I am likely to see similar questions within the near } } future. } } } } For me, a real beginner, I think I will spend time here, and then start } } conversing with the experts whose methods are cited. } } } } http://www.soils.org/divs/s9/micromorph/micro.html } } } } From what I see, most of what workers in dirt consider "thin sectioning" } } involves grinding and/or sawing. When I first had to work with a truly } hard } } substance, I immediately found myself in the domain of the material } } scientist. Geologists don't ordinarily consider cutting a thin section } as } } we do, they think of grinding one - just like the ground bone sections } that } } one finds in almost all elementary histology slide sets. } } } } Aggregates of micro-size particles can be mounted and ground, if they are } on } } the macro- side of micro-. If smaller, and it is paramount that the } } aggregates NOT be disturbed, then I would turn, as rapidly as possible, } to } } more esoteric methods such as ion or plasma etching which can be used on } } embedded material and can, apparently be very productive. } } } } Here are a couple sites that might help to present the degree to which } } technology using electron optics and focused ion beams or plasmas are } used } } in both analysis and production. } } } } http://www.mrsec.harvard.edu/facilities.html } } } } http://www.mmc.or.jp/std/5.htm [this is a gas!] } } } } http://www.feicompany.com/eng/data/trimming.html } } } } Finally, Ion Beam Milling at, } } } } http://www.ionbeammilling.com/IONBEAMMILLINGILLUSTRETION.htm } } } } } } Hope this helps, } } } } Fred Monson } } } } Frederick C. Monson, PhD } } Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging } } Schmucker II Science Center } } West Chester University } } South Church Street and Rosedale } } West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 } } Phone: 610-738-0437 } } FAX: 610-738-0437 } } fmonson-at-wcupa.edu } } CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ } } WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ } } Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/ } } } } } ---------- } } } From: MaryLou } } } Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 12:31 PM } } } To: histonet-at-pathology.swmed.edu } } } Cc: dawit Solomon } } } Subject: soil aggregates } } } } } } Dear Histonetters, } } } } } } A colleague is wanting to see inside soil aggregates of varying } } } thicknesses, up to several hundred microns. I was able to make } paraffin } } } sections, 20 microns, by soaking the samples in paraffin for many } } } hours. No solvents allowed. A researcher at NASA gets 1 micron } sections } } } from his dust particles in sulfur. We have no idea how he does it. } } } Thinner is better. Any suggestions out there? Do any bone grinders } have } } } any } } } ideas? Do you know of anybody else we can ask? } } } Please include Dawit in your responses. Dawit, do you have anything to } } } add? } } } } } } Thank you very much. } } } Mary Lou } } } } } } } } } } }
In reply to Sousan Abolhassani who wrote "This would mean that any manipulation of data (whether it is images or other data) would be in fact a self destroying effort in a scientifique study, the most valuable contribution of the scientist starting with his/her effort to collect a correct data."
My meager understanding of the scientific method is that, in reporting the interpretation of data, the scientist has to completely describe the manner and methods by which the data was captured and the interpretation drawn. The requirement is that a subsequent scientists should be able to reproduce the conditions of the experiment and recreate the data. Or, using the raw data, recreate the manipulated image.
In this context, scientific images do not preclude manipulation and analysis as long as the algorithms used are described in such a way that their effect on the data is clear. Add to the algorithms the experimental setup used to capture the images and the complete "picture" allows peers to assess and test the validity of the interpretation.
Yes, the scientist may want to keep the raw image data for future use or to share with others. But in reporting results (the interpretation), the raw data is often too cumbersome to be useful. Manipulation, then, is a very useful tool to make sense of difficult and cumbersome data including images.
Yours,
Michael McKay
{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { P i x e L I N K } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } Michael McKay, Product Manager {mailto:mike.mckay-at-vitana.com} Vitana Corporation 2500 Don Reid Drive Tel: (613) 247-1211 x 152 Ottawa, Ontario Cell: (613) 859-6174 Canada K1H 1E1 Fax: (613) 247-2001 "Making Digital Imaging Simple {http://www.pixelink.com} " { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { P i x e L I N K } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } }
Looking at the comment about a NASA researcher obtaining 1 micron sections from "dust particles in sulfur", my first thought is that the researcher might be mounting the dust in polymeric sulfur and then sectioning it. While I've never heard of this before, I imagine it would work.
The crystal form of sulfur depends on temperature. I don't have my CRC handbook here to check for temperature/form/stability info. However a quick check at: http://www.starcrete.com/info.htm gives a melting point of 120 °C for their current version of sulfur concrete (a polymeric sulfur based chemical-resistant substitute for Portland cement concrete). They use an additive to stabilize the sulfur in the orthorhombic form over a wide temperature range. Since the polymeric sulfur bonds to aggregate (i.e., rocks, gravel, sand, etc.) to create the sulfur concrete, I would assume it would infiltrate and bond with the soil fairly well. I don't know how easily it can be sectioned with biological-type equipment; as noted, a lot of us on the materials side use lapidary equipment rather than microtomes. You could contact STARcrete(TM) Technologies, Inc. (I have no relationship with them) and ask if they have a microscopist on staff who could help you (in the links section of their website, there is an ASTM paper mentioned with a comment about SEM showing the microstructure). Alternatively, someone at the International Cement Microscopy Association might have experience with this. Of course, you could always contact the researcher at NASA, but that would take the fun out of it for the rest of us.
- Louise
Louise Harner Research Microscopist Albany International Research Co. 777 West Street, P.O. Box 9114 Mansfield, MA 02048 508-339-7300 phone 508-339-4996 fax Louise_Harner-at-albint.com
"Monson, Frederick C." To: "'List-Microscopy'" {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} {fmonson-at-wcupa.ed cc: u} Subject: FW: soil aggregates
2002/07/26 09:44 AM
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I forward this thread to the Microscopy list in the hope of getting more of a response for these folks that I was able to provide. If that is true, I think they will appreciate the help. I like the part about sectioning dust in sulfur (cake I suppose) and realized that most of us, who have delved into the mysteries of infiltrating and embedding, have spent some time sectioning 'dust' embedded in paraffin or plastic of one sort or another whether we knew it at the time or not. Knowing that dust is in and on everything we work with, breath and eat makes one consider the advisability of moving to a bubble combo of workshop and home. Well, not immediately.
The needy are: MaryLou: mim11-at-cornell.edu and Bob Schoonhoven: rschoon-at-email.unc.edu
Hope there's some real dirty expertise out there. It looks like we're in the loop for a real ESEM here, and I better start learning about what to expect from dirt and soil in my microscope.
Thanks and for those going, have fun in Quebec.
Fred Monson
} ---------- } From: MaryLou } Sent: Friday, July 26, 2002 7:08 AM } To: Monson, Frederick C. } Cc: histonet-at-pathology.swmed.edu } Subject: RE: soil aggregates } } } Good Morning Fred, } } Your internet searching capabilities are astounding. I thank you extremely } } much for all the sites you sent. This should keep the dirt people happy } for a long time. While I enjoy challenges, this one was just a tad out of } } my realm. The critter eyes are piling up and I must get back to the } safety } of paraffin :) } } Thanks again, } Mary Lou } } } } At 02:35 PM 7/25/2002 -0400, you wrote: } } Mary Lou, } } } } You sound like one who has been working this area, but you are } } asking a question that I would consider elementary for a material complex } } such as soil. Thus, I did my usual and instituted a search to see what I } } could find, because I am likely to see similar questions within the near } } future. } } } } For me, a real beginner, I think I will spend time here, and then start } } conversing with the experts whose methods are cited. } } } } http://www.soils.org/divs/s9/micromorph/micro.html } } } } From what I see, most of what workers in dirt consider "thin sectioning" } } involves grinding and/or sawing. When I first had to work with a truly } hard } } substance, I immediately found myself in the domain of the material } } scientist. Geologists don't ordinarily consider cutting a thin section } as } } we do, they think of grinding one - just like the ground bone sections } that } } one finds in almost all elementary histology slide sets. } } } } Aggregates of micro-size particles can be mounted and ground, if they are } on } } the macro- side of micro-. If smaller, and it is paramount that the } } aggregates NOT be disturbed, then I would turn, as rapidly as possible, } to } } more esoteric methods such as ion or plasma etching which can be used on } } embedded material and can, apparently be very productive. } } } } Here are a couple sites that might help to present the degree to which } } technology using electron optics and focused ion beams or plasmas are } used } } in both analysis and production. } } } } http://www.mrsec.harvard.edu/facilities.html } } } } http://www.mmc.or.jp/std/5.htm [this is a gas!] } } } } http://www.feicompany.com/eng/data/trimming.html } } } } Finally, Ion Beam Milling at, } } } } http://www.ionbeammilling.com/IONBEAMMILLINGILLUSTRETION.htm } } } } } } Hope this helps, } } } } Fred Monson } } } } Frederick C. Monson, PhD } } Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging } } Schmucker II Science Center } } West Chester University } } South Church Street and Rosedale } } West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 } } Phone: 610-738-0437 } } FAX: 610-738-0437 } } fmonson-at-wcupa.edu } } CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ } } WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ } } Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/ } } } } } ---------- } } } From: MaryLou } } } Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 12:31 PM } } } To: histonet-at-pathology.swmed.edu } } } Cc: dawit Solomon } } } Subject: soil aggregates } } } } } } Dear Histonetters, } } } } } } A colleague is wanting to see inside soil aggregates of varying } } } thicknesses, up to several hundred microns. I was able to make } paraffin } } } sections, 20 microns, by soaking the samples in paraffin for many } } } hours. No solvents allowed. A researcher at NASA gets 1 micron } sections } } } from his dust particles in sulfur. We have no idea how he does it. } } } Thinner is better. Any suggestions out there? Do any bone grinders } have } } } any } } } ideas? Do you know of anybody else we can ask? } } } Please include Dawit in your responses. Dawit, do you have anything to } } } add? } } } } } } Thank you very much. } } } Mary Lou } } } } } } } } } } }
} } Peter Tomic {PTomic-at-anadigics.com} wrote: } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } Folks; } } } } Since many of you do biological imaging vis-a-vis SEM and "optical" means, I } } have a question. When imaging bacteria or any micro-organism, is the species } } identified by it's shape, general apperance, size etc.? Or better yet, just } } how is it identified in the EM? Or does this require some other assay for } } identification and then it is imaged to generate other information? I don't } } image bio materials but it is something that I would like to be able to show } } my daughter who is interested in the micro-biological world. I see a future } } in electronic bio-identification and since her interests seem to lie in that } } direction, I'd like to explain some of this intelligently. } } } } Peter } } } } } } } } } Dear Peter- } Although I haven't tried to identify micro-organisms (such as bacteria) by way of SEM, my background (at both Bachelor's and Master's) is in microbiology, and I have taken a class on electron microscopy. } So, here's my opinion: } I believe that, in general, the identification of bacteria is done by evaluating a number of characteristics such as shape, general appearance, movement and (sometimes) specialized tests such as blood agar plates for Streptococcus aureus (the bug that can cause strep throat). Thus, I would imagine that the purpose of using SEM lies in obtaining more information about that particular bacterium other than what information you can get by light microscopy. That is, SEM allows the user to identify, say, a particular surface protein, and so on; conversely, light microscopy is ideal to identify that bacterium's particular shape (rod, coccus, etc), motility (or lack of), and so on. As to its identification by EM .. I'm personally unaware of anyone trying to determine a particular bacterium by that type of microscopy because it's been my experience, at least at the intro level in college, for students to use light microscopes, make wet mounts, etc. for basic identification of bacteri! a. } A few comments: } Personally, I'm pleased that your daughter has decided to be keen on learning more about micro-organisms because they are decidedly a very interesting group from a historical standpoint (diseases) and for the very important role they play in the environment. } My Master's thesis dealt with eukaryotic micro-organisms called ciliates which are part of a larger ensemble named protozoa. In your time in high school, you may recall seeing a long-ish organism with "hair" (err, cilia) all over its surface with many genera-- it would be Paramecium sp. } I mention the above because ciliates can be thought of as micro-organisms much like our "standard" examples--bacteria or yeast. I found that EM is especially helpful for identifying details of some part of a ciliate such as its mouth (a place where food is taken in for nourishment and energy for cell division). } Nelson Conti }
-- 164 Ferne Court Palo Alto, CA 94306 Email: [ncontiSFSU-at-netscape.net]
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If the aggregate holds together reasonably well and don't outgas overly, FIB should be fairly straightforward to 'drop' cross-sections at various points in the mass down to 20 microns or so.
Interestingly, if ultrathin ( {200 nm) sections were needed for TEM examination, ultramicrotomy could be used, though not easily. However, micron thick sections of largish hard particles in the aggregate would probably be too much for even a histoknife.
I would try and find a FIB.
Tom
Dr. Tom Malis Science Advisor Mineral Technology Branch Natural Resources Canada 555 Booth St., Ottawa, Ontario 613-995-7358 malis-at-nrcan.gc.ca
} From: "Monson, Frederick C." {fmonson-at-wcupa.edu} } Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 09:44:20 -0400 } To: "'List-Microscopy'" {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} } Subject: FW: soil aggregates } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } I forward this thread to the Microscopy list in the hope of getting more of } a response for these folks that I was able to provide. If that is true, I } think they will appreciate the help. I like the part about sectioning dust } in sulfur (cake I suppose) and realized that most of us, who have delved } into the mysteries of infiltrating and embedding, have spent some time } sectioning 'dust' embedded in paraffin or plastic of one sort or another } whether we knew it at the time or not. Knowing that dust is in and on } everything we work with, breath and eat makes one consider the advisability } of moving to a bubble combo of workshop and home. Well, not immediately. } } The needy are: MaryLou: mim11-at-cornell.edu and Bob Schoonhoven: } rschoon-at-email.unc.edu } } Hope there's some real dirty expertise out there. It looks like we're in } the loop for a real ESEM here, and I better start learning about what to } expect from dirt and soil in my microscope. } } Thanks and for those going, have fun in Quebec. } } Fred Monson } } } ---------- } } From: MaryLou } } Sent: Friday, July 26, 2002 7:08 AM } } To: Monson, Frederick C. } } Cc: histonet-at-pathology.swmed.edu } } Subject: RE: soil aggregates } } } } } } Good Morning Fred, } } } } Your internet searching capabilities are astounding. I thank you extremely } } } } much for all the sites you sent. This should keep the dirt people happy } } for a long time. While I enjoy challenges, this one was just a tad out of } } } } my realm. The critter eyes are piling up and I must get back to the } } safety } } of paraffin :) } } } } Thanks again, } } Mary Lou } } } } } } } } At 02:35 PM 7/25/2002 -0400, you wrote: } } } Mary Lou, } } } } } } You sound like one who has been working this area, but you are } } } asking a question that I would consider elementary for a material complex } } } such as soil. Thus, I did my usual and instituted a search to see what I } } } could find, because I am likely to see similar questions within the near } } } future. } } } } } } For me, a real beginner, I think I will spend time here, and then start } } } conversing with the experts whose methods are cited. } } } } } } http://www.soils.org/divs/s9/micromorph/micro.html } } } } } } From what I see, most of what workers in dirt consider "thin sectioning" } } } involves grinding and/or sawing. When I first had to work with a truly } } hard } } } substance, I immediately found myself in the domain of the material } } } scientist. Geologists don't ordinarily consider cutting a thin section } } as } } } we do, they think of grinding one - just like the ground bone sections } } that } } } one finds in almost all elementary histology slide sets. } } } } } } Aggregates of micro-size particles can be mounted and ground, if they are } } on } } } the macro- side of micro-. If smaller, and it is paramount that the } } } aggregates NOT be disturbed, then I would turn, as rapidly as possible, } } to } } } more esoteric methods such as ion or plasma etching which can be used on } } } embedded material and can, apparently be very productive. } } } } } } Here are a couple sites that might help to present the degree to which } } } technology using electron optics and focused ion beams or plasmas are } } used } } } in both analysis and production. } } } } } } http://www.mrsec.harvard.edu/facilities.html } } } } } } http://www.mmc.or.jp/std/5.htm [this is a gas!] } } } } } } http://www.feicompany.com/eng/data/trimming.html } } } } } } Finally, Ion Beam Milling at, } } } } } } http://www.ionbeammilling.com/IONBEAMMILLINGILLUSTRETION.htm } } } } } } } } } Hope this helps, } } } } } } Fred Monson } } } } } } Frederick C. Monson, PhD } } } Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging } } } Schmucker II Science Center } } } West Chester University } } } South Church Street and Rosedale } } } West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 } } } Phone: 610-738-0437 } } } FAX: 610-738-0437 } } } fmonson-at-wcupa.edu } } } CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ } } } WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ } } } Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/ } } } } } } } ---------- } } } } From: MaryLou } } } } Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2002 12:31 PM } } } } To: histonet-at-pathology.swmed.edu } } } } Cc: dawit Solomon } } } } Subject: soil aggregates } } } } } } } } Dear Histonetters, } } } } } } } } A colleague is wanting to see inside soil aggregates of varying } } } } thicknesses, up to several hundred microns. I was able to make } } paraffin } } } } sections, 20 microns, by soaking the samples in paraffin for many } } } } hours. No solvents allowed. A researcher at NASA gets 1 micron } } sections } } } } from his dust particles in sulfur. We have no idea how he does it. } } } } Thinner is better. Any suggestions out there? Do any bone grinders } } have } } } } any } } } } ideas? Do you know of anybody else we can ask? } } } } Please include Dawit in your responses. Dawit, do you have anything to } } } } add? } } } } } } } } Thank you very much. } } } } Mary Lou } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } }
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (stiernberg-at-oregoncoast.com) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Sunday, July 28, 2002 at 12:51:43 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: stiernberg-at-oregoncoast.com Name: Ed Stiernberg
Organization: retired, 72 years old, checked grad school tho not in one
Education: Graduate College
Location: Tillamook, Oregon, USA
Question: For some 30 years, I have used a Leitz Dialux for pollen grain work, utilizing mainly the 40X planapo objective and the 602 condenser. Recently, I saw a Dialux with what looks like a Berek condenser. Please let me know how to obtain information on this other type of condenser. I want to know if it is chosen for some special work, how it differs from the more common 602, and the practical principles underlying the two diaphragms with which it is equipped.
We have a Leica Ultracut Ultramicrotome surplus to requirements and free to a good home. If anyone is interested please contact Meg Stark on ms1-at-york.ac.uk.
J Marrison Department of Biology University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge, UK
A Post-Doctoral Research Assistant position is available from 1 October 2002 to pursue a programme of research into the development of electron holography of semiconductor devices, with a particular emphasis on the use of a novel electrical biasing holder to pass electrical currents through samples as they are examined in the TEM.
The successful applicant will join a small team at Cambridge developing electron holography for the characterisation of both electric and magnetic fields in nanostructured materials. The research will be carried out in conjunction with the Universities of Surrey and Limerick, as well as with industry and with collaborators outside the UK.
It is essential that applicants have experience of advanced transmission electron microscopy and image processing with a background in an experimental physical science. Experience of electron holography is desirable but not essential.
The position is funded by the EPSRC and is for 2 years in the first instance. The starting salary will be on the University RA1A scale (£17,626 - £26,491).
Informal enquiries can be made to Dr Paul Midgley, Tel. +44 (0)1223 334561, E-mail: pam33-at-cam.ac.uk or to Dr Rafal Dunin-Borkowski, Tel. +44 (0)1223 334564, E-mail: rafal.db-at-msm.cam.ac.uk.
Applications should be sent to Dr P.A. Midgley, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK, and should include a full CV with the names and addresses of two referees.
I need to gather information on the toxicity and possible health risks that may be encountered by my technicians in processing (i.e. Cross-Sectioning, TEM/Pre-FIB, Backside Grinding, etc.) GaAs die sections in our applications laboratory.
Any policies from other labs would be appreciated, as well as points of reference.
Thank you all in advance.
Regards,
Armando Verdugo Laboratory Supervisor (800) 675-1118 US and Canada (310) 635-2466 Worldwide (310) 762-6808 Fax
Hi, I need to analyze Si wafers for: Trench depth, Oxide thickness, Step height. The pitch is 1, 5, and 20 um. Does any one have suggestions how to proceed with the analysis.
} Hi, } I need to analyze Si wafers for: Trench depth, Oxide thickness, Step height. } The pitch is 1, 5, and 20 um. } Does any one have suggestions how to proceed with the analysis. } } Thanks in advance, } } Pavel
Could you explain your situation a bit more? What type of technology is being used? Is this damascene or SOG/LPCVD etch-back planarization? Are you interested in cross section or top-down? Any other data? Like number of metal layers, type of metal, number of poly layers, minimum feature size.
I just did a quick check on the OSHA web site (www.osha.gov), but the only hits were GaAs in connection with lasers and laser safety.
I did find a Materials Data Safety Sheet for GaAs: http://www.wafertech.co.uk/msds/msds_gaas.html
and: http://www.nd.edu/~astuckey/MSDS/GaAs.htm
There were more hits relating to toxicity, but mostly dealt with Arsenic toxicity. Go to Yahoo and search for "GaAs toxicity" for more information.
We used some pretty ugly stuff to prepare GaAs (Bromine-Methanol), and I would be concerned about those things at least as much as about the GaAs itself.
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Armando Verdugo [mailto:aeverdugo-at-alliedhightech.com] Sent: Monday, July 29, 2002 12:47 PM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Hello listers,
I need to gather information on the toxicity and possible health risks that may be encountered by my technicians in processing (i.e. Cross-Sectioning, TEM/Pre-FIB, Backside Grinding, etc.) GaAs die sections in our applications laboratory.
Any policies from other labs would be appreciated, as well as points of reference.
Thank you all in advance.
Regards,
Armando Verdugo Laboratory Supervisor (800) 675-1118 US and Canada (310) 635-2466 Worldwide (310) 762-6808 Fax
Dear Virologists and Micoscopists, I am a student (senior), I'm realizing the topic " Research dengue viruses type 4 on Mosquito cells C6/36". I used TEM to detect dengue viruses by using immuno electron microscopy immuno gold conjugate but without success. I tried many times. It was too difficult to select antibodies and antibodies molarity for dengue viruses type 4. I know you have a lot of experienes to detect viruses. Please show me the methods to realize the immuno electron microscopy technics to detect dengue viruses type 4. Thanks you Tran Quang Huy
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Gary, I do not really know what type of semiconductors these are, but looking on SEM I think it is silicon based with Si nitride and oxide steps. EDS does not pick up any metals. Looking at the cross section on a light microscope at 1000x I can see the steps, but edge is not good enough to take measurements of the step height using SEM. Is there any way to get edge retention or some other techniques to get the measurements. I would also prefer to get photos of the features.
Richard Beanland mentioned cleaving the wafer. Is this would get me good enough edge to do the measurements and if it would , how do I cleave through {110} plane? The steps are about 0.5 - 0.25um high. I would also try HF to get some contrast.
What is of concern with GaAs is fine particulates, the type that can get deep into the lungs [.5um to 2 uM]. I'm not sure if the As disassociates itself from the Ga once inhaled and in the mucus of lung tissue. Backside grinding/polishing can be an issue since most processes that lap and grind create a slurry and ultimately a dried particulate source for inhalation. I don't think OSHA has a standard for the compound as such, just As alone.
As far as FIB is concerned, I see no issue with that since the area an FIB can mill is miniscule.
This listing is of particular interest to me since we make GaAs micro devices.
Peter Tomic Anadigics, Inc.
-----Original Message----- } From: Mike Bode [mailto:mb-at-Soft-Imaging.com] Sent: Monday, July 29, 2002 7:55 PM To: 'Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com'
I just did a quick check on the OSHA web site (www.osha.gov), but the only hits were GaAs in connection with lasers and laser safety.
I did find a Materials Data Safety Sheet for GaAs: http://www.wafertech.co.uk/msds/msds_gaas.html
and: http://www.nd.edu/~astuckey/MSDS/GaAs.htm
There were more hits relating to toxicity, but mostly dealt with Arsenic toxicity. Go to Yahoo and search for "GaAs toxicity" for more information.
We used some pretty ugly stuff to prepare GaAs (Bromine-Methanol), and I would be concerned about those things at least as much as about the GaAs itself.
mike
} } } } } } } } } } WE HAVE MOVED { { { { { { { { { please make a note of the new address below
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Armando Verdugo [mailto:aeverdugo-at-alliedhightech.com] Sent: Monday, July 29, 2002 12:47 PM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Hello listers,
I need to gather information on the toxicity and possible health risks that may be encountered by my technicians in processing (i.e. Cross-Sectioning, TEM/Pre-FIB, Backside Grinding, etc.) GaAs die sections in our applications laboratory.
Any policies from other labs would be appreciated, as well as points of reference.
Thank you all in advance.
Regards,
Armando Verdugo Laboratory Supervisor (800) 675-1118 US and Canada (310) 635-2466 Worldwide (310) 762-6808 Fax
If you have a "TallySurf" device, you can measure step height easily with it and we use it routinely [accuracy within 20 angstroms]. However, you need to state what the step height is, or what you think it is, for a method to be chosen. The easiest method, provided you have a good SEM [FESEM is best], is simply cleaving the wafer at a right angle across the step, trench or oxide of interest and view it on edge. FIB takes too long and does not give you quick multiple looks or the variance across the wafer easily. The SEM will also let you see wall angles and the trench profile. Optical methods alone may be misleading unless these are very large feautres. All of this assumes a destructive analysis and you aren't sticking the wafer back in your production line.
Peter Tomic Anadigics, Inc.
-----Original Message----- } From: Gary Gaugler [mailto:gary-at-gaugler.com] Sent: Monday, July 29, 2002 7:45 PM To: ATC SEM Laboratory Cc: MSA listserver
At 01:06 PM 7/29/2002, you wrote:
} Hi, } I need to analyze Si wafers for: Trench depth, Oxide thickness, Step height. } The pitch is 1, 5, and 20 um. } Does any one have suggestions how to proceed with the analysis. } } Thanks in advance, } } Pavel
Could you explain your situation a bit more? What type of technology is being used? Is this damascene or SOG/LPCVD etch-back planarization? Are you interested in cross section or top-down? Any other data? Like number of metal layers, type of metal, number of poly layers, minimum feature size.
Dear Rosemary, I have never had any requests to use any of my micrographs, although I have found several used without my permission by a vendor selling printers at the M&M show. He downloaded them from a web site that did have my permission. My policy has always been that public funds pay for my facility, therefore the micrographs I take are public property. It is a courtesy to acknowledge the creator of the image. Any of my users can do what they like with their pictures and my commercial customers have rights over images I take for them. At 04:30 PM 07/24/2002 -0700, you wrote: } } Dear Listers, } I would like to know of any licensing policies and procedures used by } university EM and/or imaging facilities to handle requests to use } photomicrographs. } Thanks once again for your input. } Rosemary } Regards, Mary
Mary Mager Electron Microscopist Metals and Materials Engineering University of British Columbia 6350 Stores Road Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 CANADA tel: 604-822-5648 e-mail: mager-at-interchg.ubc.ca
Dear Armando, When I had to organize the cleanup of a crystal-growing room that had left a lot of GaAs dust around, I looked up the MSDS in order to devise a cleanup protocol. The arsenic is only a problem if the material is acidified, so we mopped up with a little soap and water and discarded the wet paper towels and protective clothing as comtaminated waste. GaAs is fairly inert, but I would avoid allowing any dust out of your cutting or polishing operations. Clean up any fragments or dust and treat as any other arsenic-containing compound: avoid inhalation and skin contact. At 11:47 AM 07/29/2002 -0700, you wrote:
} Hello listers, } } I need to gather information on the toxicity and possible health risks that } may be encountered by my technicians in processing (i.e. Cross-Sectioning, } TEM/Pre-FIB, Backside Grinding, etc.) GaAs die sections in our applications } laboratory. } } Any policies from other labs would be appreciated, as well as points of } reference. } } Thank you all in advance. } } Regards, } } Armando Verdugo Regards, Mary
Mary Mager Electron Microscopist Metals and Materials Engineering University of British Columbia 6350 Stores Road Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 CANADA tel: 604-822-5648 e-mail: mager-at-interchg.ubc.ca
on 7/30/02 9:42 AM, ATC SEM Laboratory at atcsem-at-earthlink.net wrote:
} I do not really know what type of semiconductors these are, but looking on } SEM I think it is silicon based with Si nitride and oxide steps. EDS does } not pick up any metals. Looking at the cross section on a light microscope } at 1000x I can see the steps, but edge is not good enough to take } measurements of the step height using SEM. Is there any way to get edge } retention or some other techniques to get the measurements. I would also } prefer to get photos of the features. } } Richard Beanland mentioned cleaving the wafer. Is this would get me good } enough edge to do the measurements and if it would , how do I cleave through } {110} plane? The steps are about 0.5 - 0.25um high. I would also try HF to } get some contrast. } Dear Pavel, How about evaporating a heavy metal from a point source at a well-defined angle. By measuring the shadows and the orientation of the steps with respect to the shadowing direction you could calculate their size. Do you need more accuracy than you could get by this technique? Yours, Bill Tivol
Hi All, A colleague of mine just moved to the NIH and has inherited a less-than-functional Reichert ultracut E. Its missing things like the chuck holder & knife stage! If anyone can give him the name of a service person in his "neighborhood" please send that info to: Patrick Nahirney ata nahirnep-at-mail.nih.gov
Thanks, Hope to see many of you in Quebec, Lee -- Leona Cohen-Gould, M.S. Sr. Staff Associate Director, Electron Microscopy Core Facility Manager, Optical Microscopy Core Facility Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University voice (212)746-6146 fax (212)746-8175
I saw your image and you have what you need right there. That image looks like a cleave, yes? Doesn't look like an FIB did that. Why you don't detect aluminum is beyond me. Are you sure your EDS is functioning?? Looks like the Al metal is almost as thick as the phospho-silicate glass passivation. Where's the scale bar on the SEM pic?
Details please.
Peter Tomic Anadigics, Inc.
-----Original Message----- } From: ATC SEM Laboratory [mailto:atcsem-at-earthlink.net] Sent: Tuesday, July 30, 2002 9:42 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Gary, I do not really know what type of semiconductors these are, but looking on SEM I think it is silicon based with Si nitride and oxide steps. EDS does not pick up any metals. Looking at the cross section on a light microscope at 1000x I can see the steps, but edge is not good enough to take measurements of the step height using SEM. Is there any way to get edge retention or some other techniques to get the measurements. I would also prefer to get photos of the features.
Richard Beanland mentioned cleaving the wafer. Is this would get me good enough edge to do the measurements and if it would , how do I cleave through {110} plane? The steps are about 0.5 - 0.25um high. I would also try HF to get some contrast.
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (ahmad.yekta-at-imaging.brocku.ca) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Tuesday, July 30, 2002 at 14:26:32 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: ahmad.yekta-at-imaging.brocku.ca Name: Ahmad Yekta
Organization: Imaging Research
Education: Graduate College
Location: St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
Question: I would like to know about a few good references on the subject of calibration and standardization of fluorescence microscopes. E.g., uniformity of measuring field, sensitivity,...
I need to heat up samples to around 400°C for in-situ experiments. To hold the samples I want to glue them in place. Does anyone have any experience with EPOXY BOND 110 from TEDPELLA ? What temperature can it take before it desintegrates ? Or is there a good high temperature adhesive that you can recommend.
Thanks for the help in advance.
Andreas Meyer.
Moritz Andreas Meyer Dipl.-Ing. (FH), MSc. Materials Analyst Materials Analysis Laboratory
AMD Saxony Manufacturing GmbH Wilschdorfer Landstraße 101 M/S E32-MA D-01109 Dresden F. R. Germany
} Richard Beanland mentioned cleaving the wafer. Is this would get me good } enough edge to do the measurements and if it would , how do I cleave through } {110} plane? The steps are about 0.5 - 0.25um high. I would also try HF to } get some contrast.
Pavel, Just to enlarge on cleaving somewhat. I tend to find that the best {110} cleaves are done without supporting the substrate (i.e. not breaking it over an edge such as a glass slide or ruler). Here is a description of what I have found to work - it would take about 30 seconds to demonstrate, but is rather more difficult to describe without even a picture! Draw a single line on the top of the wafer with a diamond scriber (about 2mm long, at the edge of the wafer), lined up with the region you want to cleave through. Then hold the wafer between thumb and forefinger in both hands, with the scribe mark on top between your thumbs. Break the wafer by bending the sides downwards, trying to keep the force at the edge of the wafer where the scribe mark is. If it works, the wafer should cleave very easily with a dull 'dink'. If you haven't drawn a good single scribe line then you can end up with a shower of fragments, particularly with big III-V wafers which have high defect densities - safety glasses and an area where you can retrieve the thousands of shards might be a good idea until you get the hang of it! It is difficult to cleave off less than a cm of material using this technique and get a good edge, and not easy to cleave through small regions. If you have a small amount of material or small regions of interest, gluing a stack of material followed by careful grinding and polishing will be more sucessful. Ion milling the polished or cleaved surface is also nesessary for good measurements of metal layers since they will deform plastically during cleaving or polishing.
-----Original Message----- } From: ATC SEM Laboratory [mailto:atcsem-at-earthlink.net] Sent: 29 July 2002 21:06 To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Hi, I need to analyze Si wafers for: Trench depth, Oxide thickness, Step height. The pitch is 1, 5, and 20 um. Does any one have suggestions how to proceed with the analysis.
Thanks in advance,
Pavel
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I think I can help you here, please send me a small sample so that I can do some tests. I will then return the results with my findings.
Best Regards
Alan Bright
Bright Instrument Co.Ltd. St Margaret's Way Huntingdon Cambridgeshire PE29 6EU England
Tel No:+44 (0)1480 454528 Fax No:+44 (0)1480 456031 Email: AlanBright-at-brightinstruments.com Web Site: www.brightinstruments.com
-----Original Message----- } From: "Paul.Nolan-at-alcan.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com [mailto:"Paul.Nolan-at-alcan.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com] Sent: 24 July 2002 21:19 To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com Cc: Bob.Thompson/KRDC-at-alcan.com
We need to cut "thick?" cross sections of polymer/metal laminates for FTIR microscope analysis. Material thickness is around 100 microns..(section thickness somewhere around 0.5 to 1mm i think) I have 2 ultra microtomes but the sample size and section thickness obtained from the ultramicrotome are to small for this application.
Any suggestions on the type of microtome i should consider. (Used is a definite option) or is there another piece of equipment i can use for this?
We are currently slicing pieces of our sample with a razor blade but this causes some smearing in the layers. I am currently being courted by one vendor who is going to lend me a microtome to try out.
Suggestions are greatly appreciated Vendors please reply to me directly.
Cheers
Paul D. Nolan Electron Optics
Alcan International Limited Kingston Research and Development Centre P.O.Box 8400, 945 Princess Street Kingston, Ontario K7L 5L9
I think I can help you here, please send me a small sample so that I can do some tests. I will then return the results with my findings.
Best Regards
Alan Bright
Bright Instrument Co.Ltd. St Margaret's Way Huntingdon Cambridgeshire PE29 6EU England
Tel No:+44 (0)1480 454528 Fax No:+44 (0)1480 456031 Email: AlanBright-at-brightinstruments.com Web Site: www.brightinstruments.com
-----Original Message----- } From: "Paul.Nolan-at-alcan.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com [mailto:"Paul.Nolan-at-alcan.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com] Sent: 24 July 2002 21:19 To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com Cc: Bob.Thompson/KRDC-at-alcan.com
We need to cut "thick?" cross sections of polymer/metal laminates for FTIR microscope analysis. Material thickness is around 100 microns..(section thickness somewhere around 0.5 to 1mm i think) I have 2 ultra microtomes but the sample size and section thickness obtained from the ultramicrotome are to small for this application.
Any suggestions on the type of microtome i should consider. (Used is a definite option) or is there another piece of equipment i can use for this?
We are currently slicing pieces of our sample with a razor blade but this causes some smearing in the layers. I am currently being courted by one vendor who is going to lend me a microtome to try out.
Suggestions are greatly appreciated Vendors please reply to me directly.
Cheers
Paul D. Nolan Electron Optics
Alcan International Limited Kingston Research and Development Centre P.O.Box 8400, 945 Princess Street Kingston, Ontario K7L 5L9
Peter, I did not submitted any SEM images, just light photo with micron bar. Could you e-mail them to me directly, so I would know what are you taking about.
Regards, Pavel atcsem-at-earthlink.net
----- Original Message ----- } From: "Peter Tomic" {PTomic-at-Anadigics.com} To: "'ATC SEM Laboratory'" {atcsem-at-earthlink.net} ; {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} Sent: Tuesday, July 30, 2002 6:01 PM
Andreas-
Epoxy Technology sells an epoxy that we found to work extremely well. It is called Epo-Tex, and it lists its degradation temperature at 341 degrees (TGA). I am not sure how close to 400 degrees you needed, but if this is close enough, their contact phone number is 978-667-3805.
Ami Frank
****************************** Ami Frank Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 Office: 814-865-1769 Fax: 814-865-6193 email: act105-at-psu.edu ****************************** ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Hi all,
I need to heat up samples to around 400°C for in-situ experiments. To hold the samples I want to glue them in place. Does anyone have any experience with EPOXY BOND 110 from TEDPELLA ? What temperature can it take before it desintegrates ? Or is there a good high temperature adhesive that you can recommend.
Thanks for the help in advance.
Andreas Meyer.
Moritz Andreas Meyer Dipl.-Ing. (FH), MSc. Materials Analyst Materials Analysis Laboratory
AMD Saxony Manufacturing GmbH Wilschdorfer Landstraße 101 M/S E32-MA D-01109 Dresden F. R. Germany
We have a Philips 501 with windowless EDS, both working before being dismantled, and also a complete 9800 EDXA system. Free for non-profit edus or orgs, or best offer to coms. Please send me inquiries off-line. Thanks!
**************************************** Chaoying Ni, PhD 201 DuPont Hall The W.M. Keck Electron Microscopy Facility College of Engineering University of Delaware Newark, DE 19716
In my first attempt at TEM I lost all the membranes on cultured primary hippocampal neurons. All cellular organelles were intact and had no apparent distortion. Has anyone else experienced this and if so do you know what causes the membranes to vanish?
Alternately I'd be very interested in any fixation protocols anyone has for primary hippocampal neurons that have worked for them in the past. I am particularly interested in observing synapses.
I would definitely recommend some form of ventilation for all cutting and polishing operations. When we dimpled GaAs samples for TEMs, it was sometimes possible to smell the typical Garlic odor from the Arsenicoxide (and no, I had not been out eating Garlic soup the day before). Although I don't know at this time if Arsenicoxide is toxic and at what levels (not too low, as I am still writing this), why take the chances.
mike
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-----Original Message----- } From: Mary Mager [mailto:mager-at-interchange.ubc.ca] Sent: Tuesday, July 30, 2002 12:23 PM To: Armando Verdugo Cc: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Dear Armando, When I had to organize the cleanup of a crystal-growing room that had left a lot of GaAs dust around, I looked up the MSDS in order to devise a cleanup protocol. The arsenic is only a problem if the material is acidified, so we mopped up with a little soap and water and discarded the wet paper towels and protective clothing as comtaminated waste. GaAs is fairly inert, but I would avoid allowing any dust out of your cutting or polishing operations. Clean up any fragments or dust and treat as any other arsenic-containing compound: avoid inhalation and skin contact. At 11:47 AM 07/29/2002 -0700, you wrote:
} Hello listers, } } I need to gather information on the toxicity and possible health risks that } may be encountered by my technicians in processing (i.e. Cross-Sectioning, } TEM/Pre-FIB, Backside Grinding, etc.) GaAs die sections in our applications } laboratory. } } Any policies from other labs would be appreciated, as well as points of } reference. } } Thank you all in advance. } } Regards, } } Armando Verdugo Regards, Mary
Mary Mager Electron Microscopist Metals and Materials Engineering University of British Columbia 6350 Stores Road Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 CANADA tel: 604-822-5648 e-mail: mager-at-interchg.ubc.ca
EpoxyBond 110 is a product of Allied High Tech Products, Inc. (http://www.alliedhightech.com/mounting/mountingacce/).
It is capable of withstanding up to about 385 degrees Celsius.
Should you have any additional questions, please contact our Manager of Technical Products at the number below.
Gary Liechty Manager, Technical Products Allied High Tech Products, Inc. 310-635-2466 gdliechty-at-alliedhightech.com
Best regards,
Armando Verdugo Laboratory Supervisor (800) 675-1118 US and Canada (310) 635-2466 Worldwide (310) 762-6808 Fax
Visit our New Website!
www.alliedhightech.com
-----Original Message----- } From: "moritz-andreas.meyer-at-amd.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com [mailto:"moritz-andreas.meyer-at-amd.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com] Sent: Tuesday, July 30, 2002 11:58 PM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Hi all,
I need to heat up samples to around 400°C for in-situ experiments. To hold the samples I want to glue them in place. Does anyone have any experience with EPOXY BOND 110 from TEDPELLA ? What temperature can it take before it desintegrates ? Or is there a good high temperature adhesive that you can recommend.
Thanks for the help in advance.
Andreas Meyer.
Moritz Andreas Meyer Dipl.-Ing. (FH), MSc. Materials Analyst Materials Analysis Laboratory
AMD Saxony Manufacturing GmbH Wilschdorfer Landstraße 101 M/S E32-MA D-01109 Dresden F. R. Germany
I would like to offer one additional non-destructive method. Using interferometric or holographic methods would give a very good measurement of the step height and with some care information about the profile of the edge. There should be some Michelson or Tolansky interferometers around - I am afraid though they are not being sold any longer.
Edgar
At 08:53 AM 7/31/2002 +0100, Richard Beanland wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
________________________ Dr. Edgar Voelkl M&M2002 Program Chair (LOA ORNL)
nLine Corp. 4150 Freidrich Lane, Suite A Austin, TX 78744
If you look in the first MRS TEM Sample Prep book (I think that it is Vol 115), there is an article there on using an adhesive from Ceramabond for high temperature in-situ cross section preparation. You can look up the adhesives on Ceramabond's web site. I am sorry that I don't have all of the particulars.
-Scott
Scott D. Walck, Ph.D. PPG Industries, Inc. Glass Technology Center P. O. Box 11472 (letters) Guys Run Rd. (packages) Pittsburgh, PA 15238-0472
Walck-at-PPG.com
(412) 820-8651 (office) (412) 820-8515 (fax)
-----Original Message----- } From: "moritz-andreas.meyer-at-amd.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com [mailto:"moritz-andreas.meyer-at-amd.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com] Sent: Wednesday, July 31, 2002 2:58 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Hi all,
I need to heat up samples to around 400°C for in-situ experiments. To hold the samples I want to glue them in place. Does anyone have any experience with EPOXY BOND 110 from TEDPELLA ? What temperature can it take before it desintegrates ? Or is there a good high temperature adhesive that you can recommend.
Thanks for the help in advance.
Andreas Meyer.
Moritz Andreas Meyer Dipl.-Ing. (FH), MSc. Materials Analyst Materials Analysis Laboratory
AMD Saxony Manufacturing GmbH Wilschdorfer Landstraße 101 M/S E32-MA D-01109 Dresden F. R. Germany
Thanks to all who provided very useful information!
Our laboratory generally has a very minimal amount of GaAs processing, but it seems recently we have seen somewhat of an increase, hence the reason for this request. In my experience the best way to protect from the hazards of the material is to process the material wet and wear rubber gloves, which is exactly what everyone has responded as a good method.
Again, many thanks.
Armando Verdugo Laboratory Supervisor (800) 675-1118 US and Canada (310) 635-2466 Worldwide (310) 762-6808 Fax
Visit our New Website!
www.alliedhightech.com
-----Original Message----- } From: Mary Mager [mailto:mager-at-interchange.ubc.ca] Sent: Tuesday, July 30, 2002 11:23 AM To: Armando Verdugo Cc: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Dear Armando, When I had to organize the cleanup of a crystal-growing room that had left a lot of GaAs dust around, I looked up the MSDS in order to devise a cleanup protocol. The arsenic is only a problem if the material is acidified, so we mopped up with a little soap and water and discarded the wet paper towels and protective clothing as comtaminated waste. GaAs is fairly inert, but I would avoid allowing any dust out of your cutting or polishing operations. Clean up any fragments or dust and treat as any other arsenic-containing compound: avoid inhalation and skin contact. At 11:47 AM 07/29/2002 -0700, you wrote:
} Hello listers, } } I need to gather information on the toxicity and possible health risks that } may be encountered by my technicians in processing (i.e. Cross-Sectioning, } TEM/Pre-FIB, Backside Grinding, etc.) GaAs die sections in our applications } laboratory. } } Any policies from other labs would be appreciated, as well as points of } reference. } } Thank you all in advance. } } Regards, } } Armando Verdugo Regards, Mary
Mary Mager Electron Microscopist Metals and Materials Engineering University of British Columbia 6350 Stores Road Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 CANADA tel: 604-822-5648 e-mail: mager-at-interchg.ubc.ca
I, too, have had trouble in the past with vanishing membranes in cell monolayers, though not hippocampal cells. The remedy was to en bloc stain in aqueous 3% uranyl acetate for 15 minutes prior to dehydration and then do a rapid dehydration in a graded series of ethanol beginning with 50 %. End the dehydration with just one treatment of 100 % EtOH and then go right into the infiltration with increasing concentrations of epon mixed in EtOH. Try to minimize the cells' exposure to EtOH which tends to leach out membranes.
I hope this helps.
Dotty
Dotty Sorenson Microscopy and Image Analysis Laboratory Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, Michigan (734)763-1170 FAX (734)763-1166 dsoren-at-umich.edu
On Wed, 31 Jul 2002, Stephanie Tyndall wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } In my first attempt at TEM I lost all the membranes on cultured primary } hippocampal neurons. All cellular organelles were intact and had no apparent } distortion. Has anyone else experienced this and if so do you know what } causes the membranes to vanish? } } Alternately I'd be very interested in any fixation protocols anyone has for } primary hippocampal neurons that have worked for them in the past. I am } particularly interested in observing synapses. } } Thanks! } Stephanie } }
Please accept my apology. I confused your optical images with an example someone sent me of a cleaved MOS device.
Very sorry for the confusion.
Peter
-----Original Message----- } From: ATC SEM Laboratory [mailto:atcsem-at-earthlink.net] Sent: Wednesday, July 31, 2002 8:29 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Peter, I did not submitted any SEM images, just light photo with micron bar. Could you e-mail them to me directly, so I would know what are you taking about.
Regards, Pavel atcsem-at-earthlink.net
----- Original Message ----- } From: "Peter Tomic" {PTomic-at-Anadigics.com} To: "'ATC SEM Laboratory'" {atcsem-at-earthlink.net} ; {Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} Sent: Tuesday, July 30, 2002 6:01 PM
Good morning All, CSIRO at Sydney, Australia has a Cameca Camebax for disposal "as is where is". The instrument was purchased in 1983 and has 4 WDS spectrometers, LN2 anticontamination cold trap, Argon anti-contamination leak unit and Kevex 7000 EDS unit. If interested please contact me for further details. Instrument must be removed by end of August.
Regards, David French David French Mineralogist/Geochemist
Mail Address: CSIRO Energy Technology, Lucas Heights Science and Technology Centre, Private Mail Bag 7, Bangor NSW2234 , Australia Delivery Address CSIRO Energy Technology, Store, Building 2 Lucas Heights Science and Technology Centre, New Illawarra Road Lucas Heights NSW2234 , Australia Phone direct: 61-2-9710-6879 XRD Laboratory 61-2-9710-6903 switch: 61-2-9710-6777 Fax: 61-2-9710-6800 E-mail: d.french-at-det.csiro.au
} Don't feel too bad Stephanie, } } On my first attempt at TEM, my hand was held, along with all others in the } class, so that there would not be a variety of subcellular objects that } disappeared from the same tissue in the same class. Learning was fun in a } class mode, but the training didn't last if you read beyond the next } paragraph. } } If you used the glutaraldehyde-osmium sequence and saw the tissue blacken, } then the membranes should have been there, unless they were dissolved in } the heat of the embedment. If the unbound osmium wasn't washed out of the } tissue, the alcohol will not be nice. If you use 100% EtOH in the final } dehydration, it might have been from a bottle that was opened by a lab } mate last week and the cap wasn't tightened properly. } } Practice with embedments first without tissue. Kick everyone else out of } the lab. Separate all of your solutions and reagents. Do not ever share } space with people who do paraffin embedding! Get REALLY grumpy and } obsessive about everything. Then, when your lab is just the way you want } it, you can begin to accumulate successes. } } The real key is to avoid using any important tissue for at least the six } months of concerted effort it takes to whip the protocol to its knees and } make it obey! } } My first attempt on my own, using the same generic protocol used in the } course I took, resulted in sections on which I couldn't see any } recognizable structure in the nuclei in the tissue. Learning these } 'simple and straight forward' methods can be much like living through } fraternity hazing, even if you are female. When you finally believe you } will never be able to do any of it, you will be just in front of the door } to success. } } Don't ask for suggestions. Hide away in your lab. Get a good book on the } method(s). Carefully look over your protocol and ask what should be } happening with every step. Then try IT again and again. When you finally } understand the step-by-step rationale of the process, you can probably } troubleshoot your own problems. Even learning to mix the resins is } difficult when you try it on your own. Just know that every step of the } process has a reason existing and that every one of them will cause at } least one angry moment in every tech's career. } } Wait until you get great sections and they run away from the grid while } you chase them in the boat. Or they get lost during staining and aren't } on the grid when you take them to the EM. Or you put them in one place } and when you get to the TEM all the sections are folded over the edge of } the grids you prepared. Or both the carbon film and sections disappear } between the lab and the EM suite, but they reappear when you return to } look for them. Or you finally get it all right and you can see them on } the screen, and, on that one occasion, the EM has a hiccup and the beam } burns a hole in your section big enough for a truck to drive through. Or } all of your first set of negatives are overexposed or overdeveloped, or } out of focus. Then someone hears that you know how to do EM and comes to } ask you for help, after you've just lost an important piece of tissue down } the drain. All of these impediments are intended by the EM god to make } you tough and hard. } } Every part of the process conspires to taunt you, embarrass you in front } of others, and get you frustrated. } } I decided to show my son last night how to change brakes on one of our } cars. Of course, nothing went as it had on the previous 20 brake lining } changes and he got to see his Dad chasing around trying to catch jumping } springs and lost clamps and holes that couldn't be found. I was } frustrated and embarrassed, but he learned a great lesson, one which I had } forgotten. Don't let your Dad teach you how to do anything. There is a } god who interferes every time. Unfortunately, I've not learned this } lesson over the course of 'teaching' four children how to do this and } that. Some procedures never relent in their desire to impede your } progress. Preparing tissue for TEM is one of those processes that only } gives in when another beginner shows up somewhere. All of a sudden it } will get easier. } } Those of us who have been THERE are here to help you through the hard } times, but we won't be able to tell you how to fix the plagues that beset } you as you progress toward EM heaven. We probably won't be able to tell } you where your membranes have gone either, or, even worse, why they refuse } to show themselves after all the trouble you took to preserve them and } show them off. The only thing that drives us all is the expectation that } membranes are always there when we start with a piece of tissue. As a } young research fellow once said to me after failing to get a reaction in } rabbit tissue to a mouse monoclonal antibody against a human elastin } epitope, "It is clear that the rabbit simply doesn't have any elastin." } Sometimes I think he had a true understanding of the issue of unfounded } expectations in science, but then I had only stained elastin as an } anatomic constituent of rabbit tissue for years prior to hearing his } assertion. } } So, Stephanie, we finally come to this most unkind question, the one rests } at the nub of your problem. What evidence do you have that the cells on } that plastic substrate ever had membranes? } } Please take only a few parts of this seriously. Which parts is a secret. } And, if you would like to know why you have been subjected to this, it is } because I have spent the afternoon wraslin' with a critical point dryer } that works beautifully if one can get it closed before the specimen dries } by other means than critical. } } Also, did you know that a reconstruction of a stack of optical sections } will show moving particles in standard orbits as rings and those moving in } arched paths as columns? This sort of thing merely suggests that one } SHOULD probably get back to the old and reliable ways of looking at } things: Fixed, immobilized and embedded, thin sectioned, stained with } safe uranium and lead, illuminated by a beam of high energy electrons, and } recorded on a piece of Mr. Kodak's fancy photo-sensitive celluloid. } } It couldn't be true, but here's a(n) (im)possibility. I asked the } following on a test long ago. [Lord! Was I nasty as a youngster!!!] } "Consider a 60nm section that is nowhere vertical through an interface } between cell or cell constituent or cell embedment. Under such a } condition, what would be the visible evidence of the bimolecular lipid } leaflet (or membrane) which is so characteristically used to describe the } plasma and other so-called 'membranes'?" The correct answer is "There } would be None". The unasked part of the question is, "How likely is such } a scenario?" or "How easily would you be to find evidence of a } bimolecular lipid leaflet in a thin section of a 1mm cube of liver } parenchymal cells?" "What would a stack of smooth endoplasmic reticulum } with a 20nm interlamellar spacing look like if the stack were sectioned at } an angle of 45 degrees to a line which was perpendicular to the lamellae } of the array?" } } This is a short answer question that is worse. "The nucleus that is shown } in this photomicrograph exists in a paraffin section of liver taken from a } mouse. Please describe the molecular structure of the nuclear envelope as } you see it in THIS nuclear profile in the section described." The } correct answer, of course, is that after all that processing the lipid } portion of the membrane is gone unless some part of it has been treated so } that it remains. Osmium tetroxide reacts with unsaturated double bonds to } preserve THOSE parts of lipid membranes, but even that is partly mystery. } } So, I have tried to answer your question with a few thoughts from a grumpy } old man who has had a bad afternoon with a technology whose success is } sometimes determined by a person named Serendipity. Critical point dryers } are either constructed from brass pipe with 1" walls or tiny, thread-like } copper pipes connected to stainless steel chambers and valves by BIG } compression fittings. When such instruments go bad, they become } inscrutable. None of this, however, helps you to find those miscreant } membranes. Well, as I said above, it was unlikely that we would be able } to find them for you. The gods don't work in THAT mysterious way. EVER!! } When you lose your membranes, you are the only one who can find them, no } matter where they have gone or why. The rest of us are only capable of } asking questions that may or may not help in the search. You know, "Did } you look under the bed?" } } Regards and sympathy, } } Fred Monson } } Frederick C. Monson, PhD } Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging } Schmucker II Science Center } c/o Geology/Astronomy } West Chester University } South Church Street and Rosedale Ave } West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 } Phone: 610-738-0437 } FAX: 610-738-0437 } fmonson-at-wcupa.edu } CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ } WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ } Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/ } } } ---------- } From: Stephanie Tyndall } Sent: Wednesday, July 31, 2002 10:18 AM } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: vanishing membranes } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } In my first attempt at TEM I lost all the membranes on cultured primary } hippocampal neurons. All cellular organelles were intact and had no } apparent } distortion. Has anyone else experienced this and if so do you know what } causes the membranes to vanish? } } Alternately I'd be very interested in any fixation protocols anyone has } for } primary hippocampal neurons that have worked for them in the past. I am } particularly interested in observing synapses. } } Thanks! } Stephanie } } } }
Wow! This is like having Walter McCrone offer to do your microscopy for you. Lucky man! I hope we can hear about the solution to the problem.
Regards,
Fred Monson
Frederick C. Monson, PhD Center for Advanced Scientific Imaging Schmucker II Science Center c/o Geology/Astronomy West Chester University South Church Street and Rosedale Ave West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, 19383 Phone: 610-738-0437 FAX: 610-738-0437 fmonson-at-wcupa.edu CASI URL: http://darwin.wcupa.edu/casi/ WCUPA URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/ Visitors URL: http://www.wcupa.edu/_visitors/
} ---------- } From: Alan Bright } Reply To: bright-at-dial.pipex.com } Sent: Tuesday, July 30, 2002 10:10 AM } To: "Paul.Nolan-at-alcan.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com; } Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Cc: Bob.Thompson/KRDC-at-alcan.com } Subject: RE: microtome } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Dear Paul, } } I think I can help you here, please send me a small sample so that I can } do } some tests. I will then return the results with my findings. } } Best Regards } } Alan Bright } } Bright Instrument Co.Ltd. } St Margaret's Way } Huntingdon } Cambridgeshire } PE29 6EU } England } } Tel No:+44 (0)1480 454528 } Fax No:+44 (0)1480 456031 } Email: AlanBright-at-brightinstruments.com } Web Site: www.brightinstruments.com } } } -----Original Message----- } } From: "Paul.Nolan-at-alcan.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } [mailto:"Paul.Nolan-at-alcan.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com] } Sent: 24 July 2002 21:19 } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Cc: Bob.Thompson/KRDC-at-alcan.com } Subject: microtome } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } We need to cut "thick?" cross sections of polymer/metal laminates for FTIR } microscope analysis. } Material thickness is around 100 microns..(section thickness somewhere } around 0.5 to 1mm i think) } I have 2 ultra microtomes but the sample size and section thickness } obtained from the ultramicrotome are to small for this application. } } Any suggestions on the type of microtome i should consider. (Used is a } definite option) } or is there another piece of equipment i can use for this? } } We are currently slicing pieces of our sample with a razor blade but this } causes some smearing in the layers. } I am currently being courted by one vendor who is going to lend me a } microtome to try out. } } Suggestions are greatly appreciated } Vendors please reply to me directly. } } Cheers } } Paul D. Nolan } Electron Optics } } Alcan International Limited } Kingston Research and Development Centre } P.O.Box 8400, 945 Princess Street } Kingston, Ontario K7L 5L9 } } Tel: (613) 541-2066 } Fax: (613) 541-2134 } paul.nolan-at-alcan.com } } } }
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