Hello, We have serious troubles with our EDAX DX4. The system does not boot neither from HDD nor FDD. Moreover, no BIOS beep codes can be heard at the start of the system. Please, does anybody had to solve similar problem in the past? Any responses will be welcomed. Thanking everybody in advance. Oldrich
------------------------------------------------------- Oldrich Benada Laboratory of Electron Microscopy Institute of Microbiology, Acad. Sci. CR Prague Czech Republic -------------------------------------------------------
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 1 07:47:33 2004
Gordon Vrdoljak wrote an article on preparing soil samples for light and electron microscopy in the September 2003, vol. 11, no. 5, issue of Microscopy Today. I'll send you a PDF in a separate email.
Ron Anderson, MT Editor Free subscription to MT in North America at http://www.microscopy-today.com
-----Original Message----- } From: Gordon Couger [mailto:gcouger-at-provalue.net] Sent: Monday, November 01, 2004 12:23 AM To: MICROSCOPY BB
I would like to embed soil in place in the field to compare the disposition of organic matter, roots, microbes, etc in the soil among various cropping systems with as little disruption to the soil as possible so it can be studied on both macro and micro levels.
In western Oklahoma I can find the soil when it is extremely dry of free water nearly every summer. Of course that is a long way from free of water but I understand there are some embedding resins that are very tolerant of water.
Does anyone have a protocol that will work for this. I don't expect to get very much penetration into the face of the soil. A very few mm would be great.
Thanks
Gordon
Gordon Couger (retried) Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering Oklahoma State University 624 Cheyenne Ave gcc (at) couger.com Stillwater, OK 74075 405 624 2855 cell 405 269 3588 After 3:00 PM Central Time.
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 1 08:35:07 2004
In a message dated 11/1/04 4:35:56 AM Eastern Standard Time, gcouger-at-provalue.net writes: I would like to embed soil in place in the field to compare the disposition of organic matter, roots, microbes, etc in the soil among various cropping systems with as little disruption to the soil as possible so it can be studied on both macro and micro levels.
In western Oklahoma I can find the soil when it is extremely dry of free water nearly every summer. Of course that is a long way from free of water but I understand there are some embedding resins that are very tolerant of water.
Does anyone have a protocol that will work for this. I don't expect to get very much penetration into the face of the soil. A very few mm would be great. Gordon:
You should contact Paul Berg of Boston University paulberg-at-bu.edu. He's developed some methods for making casts and thinsections of soils at archeological sites.
Steve Stokowski President-elect New England Society for Microscopy
Contact Information: Stone Products Consultants 10 Clark St., Ste. A Ashland, Mass. 01721-2145 508-881-6364 (ph. & fax)
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 1 09:10:26 2004
Thanks for reply. I am sorry, I did not mentioned the operation system of DX4: It is based on DOS 6.22 and Win3.11 (wfw).
Now I know, that it is even impossible to enter the BIOS screen on our DX4.
Oldrich
On Mon, 1 Nov 2004, Warren E Straszheim wrote:
} I have had other EDS systems but not an EDAX. Was the DX4 based on a PDP-11 } or a Windows computer? I used to consider myself quite knowledgeable about } the PDP-11 and still have one sitting around with some spare parts. I may } have to refresh my memory some about its procedures. } } Warren
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 1 09:46:35 2004
A good place to start is "Introduction to the study of insects" by Borror and DeLong. This is the classic textbook for serious students of entomology. Your library will have a copy.
Geoff
Debby Sherman wrote:
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-- -- ********************************************** Geoff McAuliffe, Ph.D. Neuroscience and Cell Biology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 voice: (732)-235-4583; fax: -4029 mcauliff-at-umdnj.edu **********************************************
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 1 11:50:21 2004
Greetings! An investigator in my department wishes to have me do TEM on Haloferax volcanii. I have never worked with an organism that has a 3 M internal salt concentration. Has anyone worked with these? If so I'd like to know what gives good results or if no good results have been obtained, please let me know what you tried and did not work so that I do not make the same mistake.
Thanks for your help, Pat Connelly The University of Pennsylvania Department of Biology Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018 215-898-7145 psconnel-at-sas.upenn.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 1 14:20:19 2004
Hi One of the best books on insect structure is: The Insects: Structure and Function, by R.F. Chapman, 4th edition, 1998, Cambridge Univ. Press. As to Ultrastructure, there is: Insect Ultrastructure, Vol. 1 (1982) and Vol. 2 (1984)By R.C. King and H. Akai, Plenum Press. Hope these will be helpful. El-Desouky Ammar Dept. Of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691.
----- Original Message ----- } From: Debby Sherman {dsherman-at-purdue.edu}
Hello Pat,
the crucial point at the TEM processing of Haloferax (or any other extremophil for that matter) is a very gradual desalting and pH increase. After the initial aldehyde protein crosslinking (we use 2.5% glut made up in the growth medium), the cells should be brought to the neutral pH before the dehydration. The rule of thumb is that the previous solution shouldn't be more than 10x more acidic than the current wash (~factor of 1). A sadly good indicator of going too fast is a dramatic pellet size decrease - as the cell membranes rupture due to the osmotic imbalance.
Good luck, Alice.
Alice Dohnalkova Research Scientist Environmental Microbiology Pacific Northwest National Laboratory MS P7-50 Richland, WA 99352 (509) 372-0692 office (509) 376-3654 TEM lab
-----Original Message----- } From: Pat Connelly [mailto:psconnel-at-sas.upenn.edu] Sent: Monday, November 01, 2004 10:03 AM To: Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.com
Greetings! An investigator in my department wishes to have me do TEM on Haloferax volcanii. I have never worked with an organism that has a 3 M internal salt concentration. Has anyone worked with these? If so I'd like to know what gives good results or if no good results have been obtained, please let me know what you tried and did not work so that I do not make the same mistake.
Thanks for your help, Pat Connelly The University of Pennsylvania Department of Biology Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018 215-898-7145 psconnel-at-sas.upenn.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 1 18:32:56 2004
For a while now I have had a Nikon Coolpix 4500 interfaced to a petrographic microscope, leading to much user satisfaction.
However, a student just pointed out that the colors aren't quite correct. Initially I couldn't understand why this could be, as I routinely set the color balance on the camera, using either a piece of white paper if reflected light is to be used, or a clean glass microscope slide for transmitted-light work.
But, of course, this student was using the microscope's built-in crossed polars, that's why she had any colors at all.
Now if the polarising elements are exactly neutral gray I guess all will be well, but if they aren't, then a color error could be introduced.
No problem, I thought, I'll just set the white balance with the polars in.
Duh.............. no light gets through when the (crossed) polars are in, no light to set the white balance!
So should I just uncross the polars to set the white balance, then uncross them again for the petrologist?
Will this be strictly OK?
Or have I, with my very slight understanding of optical microscopy, missed something else?
Wise (or at least better-informed) counsel, please!
tia
rtch
-- Ritchie Sims Ph D Phone : 64 9 3737599 ext 87713 Microanalyst Fax : 64 9 3737435 Department of Geology email : r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 2 02:04:23 2004
Doing live cell imaging for a long time while maintaining 37 degrees Celsius and 5-10% CO2 is a bit cumbersome. However agents such as HEPES which are used as CO2 buffers to get rid of the excess CO2, increase the sensitivity of media to the phototoxic effects induced by exposure to (fluorescent) light.
At my previous job, colleagues did long-time (over the weekend) time-lapse imaging by using a plexi chamber fitted over the microscope and a "carbogen" bottle slowly releasing its content inside the incubator.
Beware of the need to refocus the system automaticaly, as temperature fluctuations will cause a shift of the focus level. It is better not to cover the entire microsope, but only a small part of it around the cell culture recipient.
References:
HEPES and other organic buffers can be used effectively with many cell lines (see Shipman, C. (1969) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 130: 305). However, be aware that the compound can be toxic, especially for some differentiated cell types, so its effects should be evaluated before routine use (People, C.A., et al., (1982) In Vitro 18: 755).
HEPES has also been shown to greatly increase the sensitivity of media to the phototoxic effects induced by exposure to fluorescent light:
Zigler, J.S., et al. (1985) Analysis of the cytotoxic effects of light-exposed HEPES-containing culture medium. In Vitro 21: 282.
Spierenberg, G.T., et al. (1984) Phototoxicity of N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-ethanesulfonic acid-buffered culture media for human leukemic cell lines. Cancer Research 44:2253.
It has been about 4 years since I was involved in this kind of experiments, so my knowledge may not be up to date anymore.
Regards,
Peter Van Osta
---------------------------------------------- Peter Van Osta, MD
====================================================================== David Knecht wrote: } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } I would like to hear what solutions people have come up with for imaging } cells for long times while maintaining 37C and 5-10% CO2. We have } managed to get away with using CO2 Independent medium (Invitrogen) and a } Bioptechs temp controller for everything up until now. We now have a } situation where the cells die in this medium but are happy in RPMI in a } CO2 incubator. I presume that means finding a way to maintain the CO2 } on the stage. I have seen some plexiglass boxes with controllers for } outrageous $$$ which can do this. Is that the best solution? Any } suggestions for one to go on a Zeiss Axiovert 200? Thanks- Dave
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 2 04:38:37 2004
} For a while now I have had a Nikon Coolpix 4500 interfaced to a } petrographic microscope, ... } } However, a student just pointed out that the colors aren't } quite correct. ..., as I routinely set the color } balance on the camera, using either a piece of white paper } if reflected light is to be used, or a clean glass microscope } slide for transmitted-light work. } } But, of course, this student was using the microscope's built-in } crossed polars, ... } } Now if the polarising elements are exactly neutral gray I guess } all will be well, but if they } aren't, then a color error could be introduced. } } No problem, I thought, I'll just set the white balance with the polars in. } } Duh.............. no light gets through when the (crossed) polars } are in, no light to set the white balance!
I remember, for a Zeiss (POL) Photomicroscope, we never had any problems by setting the white balance to "tungsten" (i.e., using tungten film and no filters).
How well do the 2 following settings compare: (1) setting the WB manually with white paper, and uncrossing the polars slightly, and (2) using the Coolpix's "tungsten" WB setting (which may be "incandescent")?
I was recommended to ask my question to this address from German Neil of Zeiss.
I just called my local store to order more TP 120 film for my Zeiss 109 TEM. They said the TP 120 film has been discontinued. So I called Kodak and they said their plant is down and they are no longer going to be making the TP 120 film. They recommended the TMAX 100 film in 120 size but said the quality isn't as good as the TP 120. They didn't have any other compatible film.
Does anyone have any suggestions on film or what to do as I use this film on a weekly basis to take biopsy images for our local pathologists?
Thank you for your assistance,
Ginger
Ginger R. Hendricks Electron Microscopy Laboratory Manager & Adjunct Instructor OSU Center for Health Sciences Research Department, 1111 W. 17th St., Tulsa, OK 74107 Phone: (918) 561-8232 or lab x8233; FAX: (918) 699-8629 Email: lizard-at-chs.okstate.edu Website: http://www.healthsciences.okstate.edu/research/rsp/electronmicroscopy/electron_microscopy_laboratory.htm
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 2 09:43:23 2004
Hello Mr. Hendriks, I would recommend using MACO TP64C. The 120 roll should be available at around Euro 4 in Germany. See http://www.mahn.net/PROrth.htm#TP64c It should be nearly the same quality like Technical Pan. Sorry but I could not find any data-sheet on the TP64C. For more information call Mr. Schroeder at Mahn Germany, ++49-40-237008488.
Delivery for the US: Freestyle Photographic Supplies 5124 Sunset Blvd. CA 90027 Los Angeles ++1 323 660 3450 ++1 323 6663946 info-at-freestylephoto.biz www.freestylephoto.biz
or U.S.A. + Canada Gary Bartoloni 1129 Old Sag Harbor Rd. NY 11932 Bridgehampton ++1 631 7252531 Fax: ++1 631 7258045 gary-at-thelightregistry.com
Dear Listers, Does anyone have a manual for an Amray 1000B SEM? Has anyone successfully upgraded an Amray 1000B to acquire images with a computer (rather than a Polaroid)?
This model SEM has been donated to us, and I'm looking for information, so that we may decide how to best use it. Regards,
Yolande Berta School of Material Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 404-894-2545 404-894-9140 FAX
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 2 15:01:15 2004
It has been suggested to me that the Coolpix may be intrisically incapable of accurately recording the colors seen in transmitted light from minerals between crossed polars, as they result from interference phenomena, as opposed to the 'normal' reflected-light colors of everyday objects for which the camera was designed.
This has a dreadful ring of plausibility to it, and I would welcome the opinions of those more knowledgeable than I (that's quite a lot of people) as to whether it is likely to be so; whether 'proper' microscope digital cameras might have the same problem; and whether this means that film is still king for this application.
cheers
rtch
} From: "Ritchie Sims" {r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz} Organization: Dept of Geology, Univ of Auckland To: "Listserver" {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} Date sent: Tue, 02 Nov 2004 13:45:19 +1300
Colleagues,
Some time ago I received a flyer, which - regrettably - I discarded. And now I would like the information.
The flyer claimed that one can perceive images in stereo if the two images making the stereo pair are simply alternated on the screen - with a period of about a second. Two questions:
Can anyone point me to the company involved (I could not locate them with a simple web search)?
Can anyone tell me whether this really works?
Alwyn -- .......... Alwyn Eades Department of Materials Science and Engineering Lehigh University 5 East Packer Avenue Bethlehem Pennsylvania 18015-3195 Phone 610 758 4231 Fax 610 758 4244 jae5-at-lehigh.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 2 16:58:41 2004
Rtch I don't think so. Coolpix may have a hard time trying to interpret what the colour temperature of such images is, that is no big surprise, but light is light. Irrespective of the source, red is red, green is green, etc. The colour of light transmitted by minerals between crossed polars is in no way qualitatively different from light of the same intensity and spectral composition reflected from an "everyday" object, and it would be surprising if a CCD sensor set to daylight colour balance and a daylight colour film saw a material difference between them. Having said that, it is possible that strong polarisation of the image-forming light is an important issue for CCD imaging. It is probably irrelevant for film imaging. If your CCD sensor records different colour-shifts depending on the orientation of the sensor, then it may be worth experimenting with the insertion of a quarter-wave plate at 45 degrees to the analyser, or use a circular polariziing filter as the analyser. (=same thing).
Dr. Chris Jeffree
----- Original Message ----- } From: "Ritchie Sims" {r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz} To: "Listserver" {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} Sent: Tuesday, November 02, 2004 9:13 PM
Ritchie,
This is indeed a problem with digitals, and, though I'm not in the minerals-field, a possible solution I came up with now (though I'm not certain if correct):
Arrange the colours in Photoshop with Hue/Saturation under Image -} Adjustments -} Hue/Saturation
Here you will change all colours in the same way at the same time by sliding the spectrum. In other words, if something green has to be red, slide the first bar over the second one from green to red, all other colours will follow the same spectrum-shift. Use the spectrum for Master (not seperately for yellow, green,...). Of course, choosing the new colour depends a lot on your own observation & interpretation. I'm also a hobby-photographer, and still prefer the good old negative film...
Best regards,
Sven Terclavers
************************************************ Sven Terclavers Microscopist - Life Science Imaging Center for Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy Campus Gasthuisberg O&N Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium Tel: +32 (0)16 34 63 71 Fax: +32 (0)16 34 59 90 Email: Sven.Terclaversemed.kuleuven.ac.be Intranet: http://debian.med.kuleuven.ac.be Internet: http://www.kuleuven.ac.be/mcm Internet: http://www.vib.be ************************************************
-----Original Message----- } From: Ritchie Sims [mailto:r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz] Sent: Tuesday, November 02, 2004 22:14 To: Listserver
Me again.
It has been suggested to me that the Coolpix may be intrisically incapable of accurately recording the colors seen in transmitted light from minerals between crossed polars, as they result from interference phenomena, as opposed to the 'normal' reflected-light colors of everyday objects for which the camera was designed.
This has a dreadful ring of plausibility to it, and I would welcome the opinions of those more knowledgeable than I (that's quite a lot of people) as to whether it is likely to be so; whether 'proper' microscope digital cameras might have the same problem; and whether this means that film is still king for this application.
cheers
rtch
} From: "Ritchie Sims" {r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz} Organization: Dept of Geology, Univ of Auckland To: "Listserver" {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} Date sent: Tue, 02 Nov 2004 13:45:19 +1300
Thanks for your thoughts.
Light is light, but green is not necessarily green, is it?
Aren't there two ways of producing every perceived color?
You can have monochromatic green light, or you can have white light with the complement of green removed from it, ie there can be (at least) two spectral compositions that our eyes will perceive as green, red, etc.
And so on for every perceived color.
What I was thinking was that consumer cameras, at least, are made to record the colors of everyday objects, which are, in general, produced by the latter (subtractive) process above. But what about the colors in a polarising microscope? Are they monochromatic or subtractive?
Reminds me a bit of the Asian-printed leaflet that used to come in each packet of those remarkable 'white' LEDs, which proudly proclaimed the product to produce "monochromatic white light"!
I think you could well be right about the polarisation affecting a CCD in ways that film wouldn't be.
cheers
rtch
} From: "Chris Jeffree" {c.jeffree-at-ed.ac.uk} To: "Ritchie Sims" {r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz} Copies to: {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com}
On Oct 27, 2004, at 12:24 AM, Sim Kok Swee wrote:
} does anyone know the bethe range and Kanaya Okayama range of carbon } from } 20kev to 30kev. Let me know. } Dear Sim Kok Swee, I do have that information in a box in storage--I just moved my stuff from my old lab in Albany, NY--and I will unpack in due course and give you the info. Please be patient, and let me know if anyone else has been able to respond. Yours, Bill Tivol, PhD EM Scientist and Manager Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility Broad Center, Mail Code 114-96 California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 (626) 395-8833 tivol-at-caltech.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 2 18:05:16 2004
I too would be very interested in this and I've heard about it also. I wonder if this would work for someone who does not see stereo, i.e. a person who uses one eye or the other but cannot fuse the two images.
Damian
-----Original Message----- } From: Alwyn Eades [mailto:jae5-at-lehigh.edu] Sent: Tuesday, November 02, 2004 5:02 PM To: Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com
Colleagues,
Some time ago I received a flyer, which - regrettably - I discarded. And now I would like the information.
The flyer claimed that one can perceive images in stereo if the two images making the stereo pair are simply alternated on the screen - with a period of about a second. Two questions:
Can anyone point me to the company involved (I could not locate them with a simple web search)?
Can anyone tell me whether this really works?
Alwyn -- ......... Alwyn Eades Department of Materials Science and Engineering Lehigh University 5 East Packer Avenue Bethlehem Pennsylvania 18015-3195 Phone 610 758 4231 Fax 610 758 4244 jae5-at-lehigh.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 2 18:35:21 2004
Alwyn: there was an article on that subject in the September 2004 "Microscopy Today". It's probably out in the archives. The authors were Nathan and Victor Greenhut, out of Rutgers University. Victor can be reached at flickerstereo-at-comcast.net, according to the article. I have no clue whether it works or not, but it would be cool if it did.
Alwyn Eades wrote:
} } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } Colleagues, } } Some time ago I received a flyer, which - regrettably - I discarded. } And now I would like the information. } } The flyer claimed that one can perceive images in stereo if the two } images making the stereo pair are simply alternated on the screen - } with a period of about a second. Two questions: } } Can anyone point me to the company involved (I could not locate them } with a simple web search)? } } Can anyone tell me whether this really works? } } Alwyn
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Becky Holdford (r-holdford-at-ti.com) 972-995-2360 972-648-8743 (pager) SC Packaging FA Development Texas Instruments, Inc. Dallas, TX ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 2 18:35:26 2004
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Me again. } } It has been suggested to me that the Coolpix may be intrisically incapable of accurately } recording the colors seen in transmitted light from minerals between crossed polars, as } they result from interference phenomena, as opposed to the 'normal' reflected-light } colors of everyday objects for which the camera was designed. } } This has a dreadful ring of plausibility to it, and I would welcome the opinions of those } more knowledgeable than I (that's quite a lot of people) as to whether it is likely to be } so; whether 'proper' microscope digital cameras might have the same problem; and } whether this means that film is still king for this application. } } cheers } } rtch } } } From: "Ritchie Sims" {r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz} } Organization: Dept of Geology, Univ of Auckland } To: "Listserver" {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} } Date sent: Tue, 02 Nov 2004 13:45:19 +1300 } Subject: [Microscopy] White Balance } Priority: normal } } } } } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------- } } -------- The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society } } of America To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver On-Line Help } } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------- } } --------- } } } } } } For a while now I have had a Nikon Coolpix 4500 interfaced to a } } petrographic microscope, leading to much user satisfaction. } } } } However, a student just pointed out that the colors aren't quite } } correct. Initially I couldn't understand why this could be, as I } } routinely set the color balance on the camera, using either a piece of } } white paper if reflected light is to be used, or a clean glass } } microscope slide for transmitted-light work. } } } } But, of course, this student was using the microscope's built-in } } crossed polars, that's why she had any colors at all. } } } } Now if the polarising elements are exactly neutral gray I guess all } } will be well, but if they aren't, then a color error could be } } introduced. } } } } No problem, I thought, I'll just set the white balance with the polars } } in. } } } } Duh.............. no light gets through when the (crossed) polars are } } in, no light to set the white balance! } } } } So should I just uncross the polars to set the white balance, then } } uncross them again for the petrologist? } } } } Will this be strictly OK? } } } } Or have I, with my very slight understanding of optical microscopy, } } missed something else? } } } } Wise (or at least better-informed) counsel, please! } } } } tia } } } } rtch } } } } -- } } Ritchie Sims Ph D Phone : 64 9 3737599 ext 87713 } } Microanalyst Fax : 64 9 3737435 } } Department of Geology email : r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz } } The University of Auckland } } Private Bag 92019 } } Auckland } } New Zealand } } } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 2 18:33:53 2004
I find it more effective to set the Coolpix' white balance with a neutral grey card rather than a white surface. Accordingly, for routine transmitted light work, I use partially crossed polars to
set the white balance. For more critical transmitted light, crossed polar work does get difficult, because the color imbalance seems to be a function of the degree to which the polars are crossed. I would find a petro slide with minerals at first order grey or ones that are clouded by inclusions (sercitized feldspars might do, chert, or very fine-grained gypsum with random orientation. You might also use evenly dispersed particulates of clay or gypsum in immersion oil), set the polarizers to their crossed position and then rack the stage away to defocus the subject so that the field is evenly iluminated - then set the white balance.
The final difficulty may be that the CCD doesn't render the monochromatic interference colors exactly as the eye sees them. For that there is probably no simple solution.
John Twilley
Ritchie Sims wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } For a while now I have had a Nikon Coolpix 4500 interfaced to a petrographic } microscope, leading to much user satisfaction. } } However, a student just pointed out that the colors aren't quite correct. Initially I couldn't } understand why this could be, as I routinely set the color balance on the camera, using } either a piece of white paper if reflected light is to be used, or a clean glass microscope } slide for transmitted-light work. } } But, of course, this student was using the microscope's built-in crossed polars, that's } why she had any colors at all. } } Now if the polarising elements are exactly neutral gray I guess all will be well, but if they } aren't, then a color error could be introduced. } } No problem, I thought, I'll just set the white balance with the polars in. } } Duh.............. no light gets through when the (crossed) polars are in, no light to set the } white balance! } } So should I just uncross the polars to set the white balance, then uncross them again } for the petrologist? } } Will this be strictly OK? } } Or have I, with my very slight understanding of optical microscopy, missed something } else? } } Wise (or at least better-informed) counsel, please! } } tia } } rtch } } -- } Ritchie Sims Ph D Phone : 64 9 3737599 ext 87713 } Microanalyst Fax : 64 9 3737435 } Department of Geology email : r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz } The University of Auckland } Private Bag 92019 } Auckland } New Zealand
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 2 18:51:58 2004
On Oct 29, 2004, at 2:48 PM, Tindall, Randy D. wrote:
} We have a client looking at various incarnations of carbon (nanotubes, } etc.) in the TEM and he is very curious about a phenomenon he is } seeing. } This involves dark bands traveling rapidly down lengths of carbon } during } viewing and is very similar to an effect I have seen commonly when } looking at crystalline structures. I bet most, if not all, TEM users } have noted something similar at some point, such as when looking at } negatively stained specimens when part of the stain has crystallized. } When the beam hits a new area, there appears to be almost a liquid flow } within the crystal which stabilizes in a few seconds. } } I have never given this much thought, assuming that this is just } electron flow within the particles somehow affecting the beam to give } this visual result. Can someone describe the physics, and possibly } significance, of this? } } I know I have probably described this effect very poorly, but if anyone } wants to take a stab at it, let me know and I will forward a couple } images to you showing the movement of these bands. } } Thanks for any help. Our client seriously wants to understand this, } and } I don't have a clue where to start researching it (except to ask you } guys!). } } Happy Halloween, } Dear Randy, I guess this phenomenon can be spooky enough for Halloween. Diffraction contrast is very dependent on alignment, so when the lattice is oriented such that many reflections are excited--which occurs, e.g., along a zone axis--many electrons are scattered and the image looks dark. Alternatively, for orientations differing by only a few degrees, few reflections are at the Bragg angle, so there is little scattering, and the image looks light. Since the beam will heat the crystal locally and deform it--especially if there are stresses that have been incorporated into the crystal during its formation--the orientation can change from one that is strongly scattering to one that is weakly scattering and vice versa, so dark and light bands will shift as the local orientations change, then stabilize as these orientations cease to change. These stripes are called bend contours, and they are discussed in many EM books. I am still in the process of unpacking my reference material from Albany or I would be able to give you a few titles. Without any guarantees, I guess that Electron Microscopy of Thin Crystals, by several authors of whom Howie and Whelan are two (I think), and Cowley's Diffraction Physics would discuss this and other topics of interest to your client. Yours, Bill Tivol, PhD EM Scientist and Manager Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility Broad Center, Mail Code 114-96 California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 (626) 395-8833 tivol-at-caltech.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 2 19:02:48 2004
} From: "Ritchie Sims" {r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz} : Me again. : : It has been suggested to me that the Coolpix may be intrisically incapable of accurately : recording the colors seen in transmitted light from minerals between crossed polars, as : they result from interference phenomena, as opposed to the 'normal' reflected-light : colors of everyday objects for which the camera was designed. : : This has a dreadful ring of plausibility to it, and I would welcome the opinions of those : more knowledgeable than I (that's quite a lot of people) as to whether it is likely to be : so; whether 'proper' microscope digital cameras might have the same problem; and : whether this means that film is still king for this application. :
No film or system renders colors exactly as the eye perceives them. I even have some question if everyone perceives colors the same. It is well known that some people hear color and see sounds and words as having color. So there is a lot of room for what perception of color is. Every part of the system that displays the color has an effect on the color so it makes things real complicated.
But with digital images if you standardize your lighting, white balance and lenses, objectives and filters you can apply an adjustment to all the images as long as it is not too great and resolve the differences.
You have the same problem with differnet emulsion of color film with each one giving different results. Doing a 3 negatives set with filters for yellow, cyan and magenta or red, blue and green and black and white film are more trouble that most of use are willing to take. And that still has problems with the chartieriscics of the filters and inks.
I clearly remember a friend of mine trying to print the cover of a magazine that was an oil painting and it was impossible to match the colors with the separation process and inks available to the 4 color process.
If you can find a fool proof system a better fool is sure to break it.
Gordon Gordon Couger gcc-at-couger.com
I collect links on information related to light microscopes. http://www.couger.com/microscope/links/gclinks.html Please forward any links or information you think might be useful to others. Microscope Manual at www.science-info.org
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 2 20:02:47 2004
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (Joan.Sempf-at-med.va.gov) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Tuesday, November 2, 2004 at 12:00:32 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
We are interested in doing some preembedding immunogold and do not have a vibratome. We do have a Sorvall TC-2 tissue Sectioner. The problem is we have no instruction manual for it. Is it worth trying to operate this machine? Thanks for your advice in advance.
Dear Anna, most of the watermarks on negatives are a problem of too fast drying of the film or use of too less wetting agent (like PhotoFlo from Kodak) in coherence with calcareous washing water.. Normally - if thegelatine of the film is not disturbed with too hot drying - you can soak the film again rub it cautiously and do a new drying cycle, best not above 100° F.
If you are talking about watermarks on the prints the problem is the same. Use wetting agent as last bath; use a infrared dryer or use a windscreen wiper blade to get rid of the water on both sides of the prints...
----- Original Message ----- } From: "Anna Young" {Anna.Young-at-warwick.ac.uk} To: {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} Sent: Wednesday, November 03, 2004 10:45 AM
Becky Holdford writes ...
} Alwyn: there was an article on that subject in the September 2004 } "Microscopy Today". It's probably out in the archives. The authors } were Nathan and Victor Greenhut, out of Rutgers University. Victor can } be reached at flickerstereo-at-comcast.net, according to the article. I } have no clue whether it works or not, but it would be cool if it did.
I believe I also found a reference to a similar e-mail, but as "flicker_stereo-at-comcast.net". I wrote both and haven't yet heard back. Perhaps the editors of MT can clear this up(?)
} Alwyn Eades wrote: } } } } } } } } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- } ---- } } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- } ----- } } } } } } Colleagues, } } } } Some time ago I received a flyer, which - regrettably - I discarded. } } And now I would like the information. } } } } The flyer claimed that one can perceive images in stereo if the two } } images making the stereo pair are simply alternated on the screen - } } with a period of about a second. Two questions: } } } } Can anyone point me to the company involved (I could not locate them } } with a simple web search)? } } } } Can anyone tell me whether this really works? } } } } Alwyn } } } -- } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ } Becky Holdford (r-holdford-at-ti.com) } 972-995-2360 } 972-648-8743 (pager) } SC Packaging FA Development } Texas Instruments, Inc. } Dallas, TX } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ } } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 06:30:25 2004
After seeing this article, I sent an email to this address about three weeks ago in hopes of learning more about stereo viewing. I have not yet received a reply. Possibly a more direct mode of contact (i.e. not email) would be more effective. If I hear something, I'll pass it on.
Kirk
Brian (Kirk) Kirkmeyer, Ph.D. Research Scientist, Microscopy International Flavors and Fragrances 732-335-2426 / 732-335-2350 FAX 1515 State Highway 36 brian.kirkmeyer-at-iff.com Union Beach, NJ 07735-3542
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Alwyn: there was an article on that subject in the September 2004 "Microscopy Today". It's probably out in the archives. The authors were Nathan and Victor Greenhut, out of Rutgers University. Victor can be reached at flickerstereo-at-comcast.net, according to the article. I have no clue whether it works or not, but it would be cool if it did.
} } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
} } } Colleagues, } } Some time ago I received a flyer, which - regrettably - I discarded. } And now I would like the information. } } The flyer claimed that one can perceive images in stereo if the two } images making the stereo pair are simply alternated on the screen - } with a period of about a second. Two questions: } } Can anyone point me to the company involved (I could not locate them } with a simple web search)? } } Can anyone tell me whether this really works? } } Alwyn
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Becky Holdford (r-holdford-at-ti.com) 972-995-2360 972-648-8743 (pager) SC Packaging FA Development Texas Instruments, Inc. Dallas, TX ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 06:38:46 2004
It has been a while since I processed negatives, but... We used to use a wetting agent called "Photoflo" in the final soak/rinse. I believe it was a Kodak product. Have not tried, but suspect a tiny dose of (dishwashing) liquid detergent would do the same thing. Use just enough to cause "sheeting" rather than "beading" of the rinse water. Hang to dry.
Woody
-----Original Message----- } From: Anna Young [mailto:Anna.Young-at-warwick.ac.uk] Sent: Wednesday, November 03, 2004 4:45 AM To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com
Hello,
I've been having problems with water marks being left on my micrographs once they have dried. Does anyone know of any way I can minimise this?
Thanks, Anna Young
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 06:54:59 2004
I have here a Sony CCD-camera which is connected to a Matrox Meteor II framegrabber card. Both in good conditions, no doubt, but is there some software I can use for live imaging and acquisition? Analysis is a nice extra, but is not necessary!
I tried to connect to ImageJ, but this did not work out. I need to make it TWAIN. How does this works/is this possible?
Thanks in advance,
Sven Terclavers
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 07:07:28 2004
The books on developing films always recommend using a rinse agent such as 'Photoflow' to prevent drying marks.
However, in my experience very few people do and very few have drying problems. It mainly comes down to how you wash and your water supply. Assuming you are washing in flowing water for 20-30 minutes with several changes of water during that time then it is probably 'dirty water'. I assume you have cleaned the wash tank. Is the water coming from mains or is it from storage tanks? If the latter try mains water. Try putting a filter on the tap to remove particulates.
If you really cannot get rid of the problem you may need to dip the films into a bath of rinse agent before drying.
Good luck, Ron
On Wed, 03 Nov 2004 09:45:01 +0000 Anna Young {Anna.Young-at-warwick.ac.uk} wrote:
} } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Hello, } } I've been having problems with water marks being left on my micrographs once they have dried. Does anyone know of any way I can minimise this? } } Thanks, } Anna Young } } } }
---------------------- Mr. R.C. Doole Department of Materials, University of Oxford. Parks Road, Oxford. OX1 3PH. UK. Phone +44 (0) 1865 273701 Fax +44 (0) 1865 283333 ron.doole-at-materials.ox.ac.uk http://www-em.materials.ox.ac.uk/ *********************************
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 07:29:38 2004
Have you tried adding Photoflo to the final rinse solution? I believe it is made for the purpose of precluding water marks on film. It's not expensive. I also use it in the lab as a general wetting agent.
Stu Smalinskas SKF Plymouth, Michigan
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Anna wrote:
Hello,
I've been having problems with water marks being left on my micrographs once they have dried. Does anyone know of any way I can minimise this?
Thanks, Anna Young
__________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Check out the new Yahoo! Front Page. www.yahoo.com
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 08:03:42 2004
Alwyn, Its called Flicker stereo. There was an articla about it the September issue of Microscopy Today (Nathan & Victor Greenhut). YOu can download it for free (for non-for-profit private use) from flickerstereo-at-comcast.net. haven't tried it myself, but it sounds fun and intriguing. Lee -- Leona Cohen-Gould, M.S. Sr. Staff Associate Director, Electron Microscopy Core Facility Manager, Optical Microscopy Core Facility Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University voice (212)746-6146 fax (212)746-8175
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 08:04:03 2004
I used the Agfa APX 100-120 for our old SEM. I bought last batch 3 or 4 years ago, but, with the changes on the BW photo market, I don't know if it will be longer avaible... On the web int seems to exist, but how long ? Good quality for SEM work, better and cheaper than the T-max. I never compared it with TP. Before, I used the Kodak VP, but since years discontinued !
J. Faerber IPCMS-GSI (Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Groupe Surface et Interfaces) 23, rue de Loess ; BP43 67034 Strasbourg CEDEX 2 France
On Tue, 2 Nov 2004 lizard-at-osu-com.okstate.edu wrote:
} } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } } } } Hello, } } I was recommended to ask my question to this address from German Neil of } Zeiss. } } I just called my local store to order more TP 120 film for my Zeiss 109 } TEM. They said the TP 120 film has been discontinued. So I called Kodak } and they said their plant is down and they are no longer going to be making } the TP 120 film. They recommended the TMAX 100 film in 120 size but said } the quality isn't as good as the TP 120. They didn't have any other } compatible film. } } Does anyone have any suggestions on film or what to do as I use this film } on a weekly basis to take biopsy images for our local pathologists? } } Thank you for your assistance, } } Ginger } } Ginger R. Hendricks } Electron Microscopy Laboratory Manager & Adjunct Instructor } OSU Center for Health Sciences } Research Department, 1111 W. 17th St., Tulsa, OK 74107 } Phone: (918) 561-8232 or lab x8233; FAX: (918) 699-8629 } Email: lizard-at-chs.okstate.edu } Website: } http://www.healthsciences.okstate.edu/research/rsp/electronmicroscopy/electron_microscopy_laboratory.htm } } } Confidentiality Statement: The information contained in this electronic } transmission is privileged and confidential and is intended only for the } use of the recipient listed above. If you are neither the intended } recipient or the employee or agent of the intended recipient responsible } for the delivery of this information, you are hereby notified that the } disclosure, copying, or use for distribution of this information is } strictly prohibited. Use of privileged or confidential material may result } in prosecution to the fullest extent of the law. } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 08:14:46 2004
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (Stacey.Andringa-at-uc.edu) from http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Wednesday, November 3, 2004 at 07:55:04 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question: I was given some mouse eyes in a paraformaldehyde/glutaraldehyde phosphate buffered fix. This is called this "chick fix" because it was used to fix chick embryos. I have used this for over 30 years as our standard fix. The researcher is interested in the cornea. Any suggestions about how to proceed. I would normally post-osmicate in 1% osmium tetroxide in Millonig's phosphate buffer, ethanol dehydrate, propylene oxide/Spurr infuse and embed in Spurr resin. Will this work or not? What should have been done differently? We do not do paraffin embedding in our lab. Would that have been better? I am not sure if the researcher wants TEM. Thanks for any help.
I assume that you are washing your film in tap water and then drying. You need to give your film a final rinse with a few drops of detergent to act as a wetting agent. You can use ordinary washing liquid but given the cost of film and time it's probably better just to stick with a commercial film wetting agent such as Kodak Photoflo or Ilford Ilfotol (if it's still available). I generally make up a tank of distilled water (rather than tap water) with a few drops of wetting agent for each film. Agar Scientific or any decent photographic shop should supply a range of wetting agents.
It's also possible to use special squeegee tongs to remove most of the water from film (especially 35mm) and further reduce drying marks but if any grit ever gets onto the rubber pads it would cause more damage than drying marks.
If you have old drying marks it may be possible to remove them from film provided that they aren't on the emulsion side. A nice long soak in distilled water and wetting agent can help, although I'm sure other microscopists may have some magic techniques of their own.
Good luck
Malcolm
Malcolm Haswell e.m. unit School of Health, Natural and Social Sciences Fleming Building University of Sunderland Tyne & Wear SR1 3SD tel no: 0191 515 2872 / 3468 e-mail: malcolm.haswell-at-sunderland.ac.uk
----- Original Message ----- } From: Anna Young {Anna.Young-at-warwick.ac.uk}
Anna,
Wetting agent(usually about a 1 to 2% solution), and proper constant clean water flow in rinse tank and sufficient duration of rinse are all going to prevent marks (from water and residual processing chemicals left on photos). You could also add to that........use of special squeegee tongs. These are just tongs with soft, inward facing wiper blade areas, which you pull down along the film surface to remove any excess water.
Sheet film/photos should be hung from one corner of the film to prevent drying streaks.
One other comment. When using wetting agent such as PhotoFlo (or whatever).........you should probably NOT use hard water because it may still leave drying marks. Use distilled water, or bottled water.........or any other source of SOFT water is preferred.
Kelly A. Ramos Metallurgical Engineer / Supervisor Argo-Tech Materials Laboratories 23555 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44117 216-692-5904 or 216-692-5446 (fax) 216-692-5816 http://www.atclabs.com
-----Original Message----- } From: Anna Young [mailto:Anna.Young-at-warwick.ac.uk] Sent: Wednesday, November 03, 2004 4:45 AM To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com
---
Hello,
I've been having problems with water marks being left on my micrographs once they have dried. Does anyone know of any way I can minimise this?
Thanks, Anna Young
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 09:00:46 2004
The final rinse of your film should be in distilled water for a few minutes, followed by a distilled water rinse containing Kodak's "photo-flo" wetting agent or a similar product. If the water marks are on prints, a final rinse in distilled water should solve the problem (assuming of course that the negatives are not water-marked).
Geoff
Anna Young wrote:
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-- -- ********************************************** Geoff McAuliffe, Ph.D. Neuroscience and Cell Biology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 voice: (732)-235-4583; fax: -4029 mcauliff-at-umdnj.edu **********************************************
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 09:03:58 2004
it is indeed possible to get a 3D-effect from alternating between two stereo images. The frequency of 1 Hz or so seems to be right. We use that in our software, but it is only for getting a 3D impression. As you are changing between two images, it is very hard to make any measurements or get quantitative results. For that anaglyphic (red-green or red-blue) images are better or a full stereo reconstruction.
The images have to be aligned so that they tilt around a common pivot point, otherwise you will get lateral movement as well, which can destroy the 3D impression.
I just tried it with one eye closed. I did get a 3D impression. So this would also probably work for people who cannot fuse stereo images.
Alwyn, let me know if you want to try this. I can send you our software as a demo and you can see for yourself if it works for you. Please contact me offline to set this up.
mike
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Alwyn Eades [mailto:jae5-at-lehigh.edu] Sent: Tuesday, November 02, 2004 16:02 To: Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com
Colleagues,
Some time ago I received a flyer, which - regrettably - I discarded. And now I would like the information.
The flyer claimed that one can perceive images in stereo if the two images making the stereo pair are simply alternated on the screen - with a period of about a second. Two questions:
Can anyone point me to the company involved (I could not locate them with a simple web search)?
Can anyone tell me whether this really works?
Alwyn -- ......... Alwyn Eades Department of Materials Science and Engineering Lehigh University 5 East Packer Avenue Bethlehem Pennsylvania 18015-3195 Phone 610 758 4231 Fax 610 758 4244 jae5-at-lehigh.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 09:10:37 2004
Look into StreamPix - http://www.norpix.com/streampix.htm
if they have a driver for your capture board it should work ..
Bill Miller
At 08:10 AM 11/3/2004, Sven Terclavers wrote:
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 09:09:51 2004
Alwyn, Our old Kevex Delta 8000 x-ray/imaging system did this. Basically, you would aquire two images at different tilts and put them in two different pages, then alternate between the two pages. The system would then page between the images and you could adjust the speed between alternations. The only caveate is that you need to get the right speed for your viewing, too fast or too slow and the stereo effect is lost. It wasn't bad at the "right" paging speed although this speed could be a little different for different people.
Greg
-- -- ================================================================== Greg Strout Electron Microscopist, University of Oklahoma WWW Virtual Library for Microscopy: http://www.ou.edu/research/electron/www-vl/ e-mail: gstrout-at-ou.edu Opinions expressed herein are mine and not necessarily those of the University of Oklahoma ==================================================================
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 09:21:20 2004
Anna, We use Kodak Photo-flo just before hanging the negative to dry. It is a wetting agent that helps to prevent water spots during drying. Alternatively, you can do a final wash in distilled or RO water before hanging the negs to dry. Greg
Anna Young wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
-- -- ================================================================== Greg Strout Electron Microscopist, University of Oklahoma WWW Virtual Library for Microscopy: http://www.ou.edu/research/electron/www-vl/ e-mail: gstrout-at-ou.edu Opinions expressed herein are mine and not necessarily those of the University of Oklahoma ==================================================================
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 09:26:41 2004
Dr. Greenhut is at Rutgers greenhut-at-alumina.rutgers.edu
At 10:12 PM 11/2/2004, Brian.Kirkmeyer-at-iff.com wrote:
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 09:46:29 2004
I gave up on Photoflo and other drying aids a long time ago. Seems like no matter what you do, they all leave water beading up somewhehere on the film and all those dissolved minerals in the water leave drying marks. Plus, stuff starts to grow in a stored working solution after awhile, so if you still want to use Photoflo, mix it fresh from the concentrate every time you use it.
So after my final water wash of film, I drain excess water off for 15 seconds, then I use a DISTILLED water rinse (not deionized) and get clear negs everytime with no water marks at all. I keep a plastic tray with cover filled deep enough with distilled water so that the TEM negs in rack will be submerged. Just dip in an out a few times and then dry as usual. I change the distilled water in the tray periodically, depending on number of negs processed, as some tap water remains in there as a result of rinsing, tho of course its much diluted compared to tap water.
Gib -- Gib Ahlstrand, Scientist Electron Optical Facility, University of Minnesota, CBS Imaging Center, 35 Snyder Hall, St. Paul, MN. USA. 55108 (612)624-3454 (612)624-2785 FAX, ahlst007-at-tc.umn.edu http://www.cbs.umn.edu/ic/
"You can learn a lot by observation - just by lookin'!" - Yogi Berra
} Hello, } } I've been having problems with water marks being left on my micrographs once } they have dried. Does anyone know of any way I can minimise this? } } Thanks, } Anna Young
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 09:46:00 2004
Frame grabbers are like most cards you put into a computer, they need drivers. Most imaging acquisition packages support frame grabber cards, but not all packages support all cards. So you need to find a program that supports your card. The Meteor II was or is sold in different flavors. Our software, analySIS, does support some of the flavors. Let me know exactly what card you have and I can tell you if we support it.
There is, however, a "general" driver that is supported by many software packages. It's called "TWAIN" ("Thing without an interesting name"). If your card comes with a TWAIN driver and the software has a TWAIN interface, you can use that to communicate with the card. Apparently ImageJ has a TWAIN interface. You should go to the Matrox web site (www.matrox.com) and find out if they have a TWAIN driver for the card.
mike
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Sven Terclavers [mailto:Sven.Terclavers-at-med.kuleuven.ac.be] Sent: Wednesday, November 03, 2004 06:10 To: Microscopy
Hi all,
I have here a Sony CCD-camera which is connected to a Matrox Meteor II framegrabber card. Both in good conditions, no doubt, but is there some software I can use for live imaging and acquisition? Analysis is a nice extra, but is not necessary!
I tried to connect to ImageJ, but this did not work out. I need to make it TWAIN. How does this works/is this possible?
Thanks in advance,
Sven Terclavers
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 09:52:26 2004
The Microscopy Today article is: Greenhut and Greenhut Flicker Stereo: Digital 3D Viewing for PC & Presentation The article isn't available on line yet, but I've got the issue at home and could send a photocopy if needed. I think Ron can provide a pdf file. HIs email is: microscopytoday-at-tampabay.rr.com
Phil
} Becky Holdford writes ... } } } Alwyn: there was an article on that subject in the September 2004 } } "Microscopy Today". It's probably out in the archives. The authors } } were Nathan and Victor Greenhut, out of Rutgers University. Victor can } } be reached at flickerstereo-at-comcast.net, according to the article. I } } have no clue whether it works or not, but it would be cool if it did. } } I believe I also found a reference to a similar e-mail, but as } "flicker_stereo-at-comcast.net". I wrote both and haven't yet heard back. } Perhaps the editors of MT can clear this up(?) } } cheerios ... shAf :o) } Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland } {www.micro-investigations.com} } } } } } Alwyn Eades wrote: } } } } } } } } } } } } } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } ---- } } } } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } } } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } } } -------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } ----- } } } } } } } } } Colleagues, } } } } } } Some time ago I received a flyer, which - regrettably - I discarded. } } } And now I would like the information. } } } } } } The flyer claimed that one can perceive images in stereo if the two } } } images making the stereo pair are simply alternated on the screen - } } } with a period of about a second. Two questions: } } } } } } Can anyone point me to the company involved (I could not locate them } } } with a simple web search)? } } } } } } Can anyone tell me whether this really works? } } } } } } Alwyn } } } } } } -- } } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ } } Becky Holdford (r-holdford-at-ti.com) } } 972-995-2360 } } 972-648-8743 (pager) } } SC Packaging FA Development } } Texas Instruments, Inc. } } Dallas, TX } } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ } } } } } }
-- Philip Oshel Supervisor, BBPIC microscopy facility Department of Animal Sciences University of Wisconsin 1675 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706 voice: (608) 263-4162 fax: (608) 262-5157 (dept. fax)
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 10:12:25 2004
The Matrox board should have come with the MIL or MIL-lite software. Both of which allow for live imaging and basic image capture. If it did not you need to contact the sales person or Matrox and get a copy.
} } Hi all, } } I have here a Sony CCD-camera which is connected to a Matrox Meteor II } framegrabber card. Both in good conditions, no doubt, but is there some } software I can use for live imaging and acquisition? Analysis is a nice } extra, but is not necessary! } } I tried to connect to ImageJ, but this did not work out. I need to make it } TWAIN. How does this works/is this possible? } } Thanks in advance, } } Sven Terclavers } }
Richard E. Edelmann, Ph.D. Electron Microscopy Facility Director 350 Pearson Hall Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056 Ph: 513.529.5712 Fax: 513.529.4243 E-mail: edelmare-at-muohio.edu http://www.emf.muohio.edu
"RAM disk is NOT an installation procedure."
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 10:09:58 2004
I've read the replies on this topic. I assume that you are using some kind of rack that holds your negative in a vertical position. I agree with the use of photoflo. However, make sure that you don't use too much of it and don't stir it so that it froths when you put it in. I almost cut the recommend amount in half. Wait a little time for it to mix with the water. Too much photoflo will also put marks on the negatives. Pour out the water in the washing tank and let it dry in between use. You should also use a filter on your wash water, especially if you mix it with warm water to keep the temperature constant. Check and change the filters.
-Scott
Scott D. Walck, Ph.D. PPG Industries, Inc. Glass Technology Center P. O. Box 11472 (letters) Guys Run Rd. (packages) Pittsburgh, PA 15238-0472 Walck-at-PPG.com (412) 820-8651 (office) (412) 820-8515 (fax)
Anna wrote:
Hello,
I've been having problems with water marks being left on my micrographs once they have dried. Does anyone know of any way I can minimise this?
Thanks, Anna Young
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 12:25:07 2004
Hi Stacey, I have done a fair amount of rat eye preps and have found that Epon-Araldite i a medium to soft composition works well with eyes, especially if you'll be cutting for LM. You also need to draw out the infiltration: 2:1 PO to resin , then 1:1 then 1:2. do each step overnight (8 hours) on a rotator then 24 hours in a two changes of resin without accelerator, then one change with accelerator. Its long, but it works. Its a method given to me by someone who works with nothing but eyes. Lee -- Leona Cohen-Gould, M.S. Sr. Staff Associate Director, Electron Microscopy Core Facility Manager, Optical Microscopy Core Facility Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University voice (212)746-6146 fax (212)746-8175
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 12:48:22 2004
There's the pricy glasses-free stereo LCD monitor from Stereographics (www.stereographics.com/), or the much less expensive Crystal Eyes system (uses shuttered glasses to view alternated images) from the same company. Viewing alternated images with both eyes isn't stereo in the sense of binocular depth perception, but could give the sense of depth perception available to one-eyed observers. Alternating multiple images in a suitably aligned tilt series of photos, or just riffling through a stack of these images might be better. Readers intrigued by stereo vision might check out "Foundations of Cyclopean Perception" (U. of Chicago Press, 1971) by B. Julesz.
I often view side-by-side displayed stereo images by putting a simple plastic of glass wedge in front of one eye to overlap images in the visual field. The wedges are easy to make and avoid the eye muscle work that unaided viewing requires.
Larry Thomas Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Mail Stop P8-16 Richland, WA, USA
} ---------- } From: Leona Cohen-Gould } Sent: Wednesday, November 3, 2004 6:15 AM } To: Alwyn Eades; Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } Subject: [Microscopy] Re: Stereo viewing } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } Alwyn, } Its called Flicker stereo. There was an articla about it the } September issue of Microscopy Today (Nathan & Victor Greenhut). YOu } can download it for free (for non-for-profit private use) from } flickerstereo-at-comcast.net. } haven't tried it myself, but it sounds fun and intriguing. } Lee } -- } Leona Cohen-Gould, M.S. } Sr. Staff Associate } Director, Electron Microscopy Core Facility } Manager, Optical Microscopy Core Facility } Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College } of Cornell University } voice (212)746-6146 } fax (212)746-8175 } } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 13:15:42 2004
You probably saw the "Flicker Stereo" article in the September Microscopy Today. By the Greenhuts on pg 46.
Ron Anderson
-----Original Message----- } From: Alwyn Eades [mailto:jae5-at-lehigh.edu] Sent: Tuesday, November 02, 2004 6:02 PM To: Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com
Colleagues,
Some time ago I received a flyer, which - regrettably - I discarded. And now I would like the information.
The flyer claimed that one can perceive images in stereo if the two images making the stereo pair are simply alternated on the screen - with a period of about a second. Two questions:
Can anyone point me to the company involved (I could not locate them with a simple web search)?
Can anyone tell me whether this really works?
Alwyn -- ......... Alwyn Eades Department of Materials Science and Engineering Lehigh University 5 East Packer Avenue Bethlehem Pennsylvania 18015-3195 Phone 610 758 4231 Fax 610 758 4244 jae5-at-lehigh.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 13:25:48 2004
Isn't the basis of 3D perception that different images are seen by each eye?
Do you have any idea how you could have gotten a 3D perception with one eye closed?
cheers
rtch
} From: Mike Bode {mb-at-soft-imaging.com} To: Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com Copies to: "'Alwyn Eades'" {jae5-at-lehigh.edu}
Relative motion is quite useful for generating stereoscopic perception from your images. I've done this with view pairs, as well as with multiple views or movies generated from 3D data. As mentioned, playback or flicker rate can be adjusted to provide the best perception. The viewing angle between the two (or more) views is also important. I've found success with about 4 to 8 degrees, depending on the sample. Both angle and speed for best perception vary from person to person.
What is happening is that you perceive motion cues on portions of your object, translating those into depth based on that relative motion. I personally get a better depth perception from motion than I do from stereo fusion (as with the colored glasses); of course, everyones mileage will vary.
I seem to recall that ~10% of the population uses primarily motion cues for depth perception, and find stereo fusion of static images rather difficult. Motion cueing is very useful for these folks, and doesn't require glasses or a special monitor.
-- Kevin Ryan
kevin-at-mediacy.com Media Cybernetics, Inc. Image-Pro www.mediacy.com
} From: Leona Cohen-Gould } Sent: Wednesday, November 3, 2004 6:15 AM } To: Alwyn Eades; Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } Subject: [Microscopy] Re: Stereo viewing } } } Alwyn, } Its called Flicker stereo. There was an articla about it the } September issue of Microscopy Today (Nathan & Victor Greenhut). YOu } can download it for free (for non-for-profit private use) from } flickerstereo-at-comcast.net. } haven't tried it myself, but it sounds fun and intriguing. } Lee } -- } Leona Cohen-Gould, M.S. } Sr. Staff Associate } Director, Electron Microscopy Core Facility } Manager, Optical Microscopy Core Facility } Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College } of Cornell University } voice (212)746-6146 } fax (212)746-8175
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 15:03:22 2004
There is another effect that produces the perception of depth even when viewed with only one eye. Check out the "rotoreliefs" at http://www.aqualoop.com/aqua_sound/delia/Duchamp.html. -- Lew Rabenberg University of Texas at Austin
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 15:33:11 2004
} I've been having problems with water marks being left on my } micrographs once they have dried. Does anyone know of any way I can } minimise this? } Dear Anna, Have you made up fresh photoflo recently? I had best results by air-drying overnight at room temp, rather than using a hot air drier. You could also have problems if your rinse water contains something that does not wash off during the dip in photoflo, such as high mineral content. In that case, use the house distilled water to rinse the negs. Yours, Bill Tivol, PhD EM Scientist and Manager Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility Broad Center, Mail Code 114-96 California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 (626) 395-8833 tivol-at-caltech.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 15:40:21 2004
On Nov 3, 2004, at 4:45 AM, White, Woody N. wrote:
} Have not tried, but suspect a tiny dose of } (dishwashing) liquid detergent would do the same thing.
Dear Woody, Photoflo is a polyethylene glycol, which does not damage the gel and is clear. I would be concerned that the detergent might detach the gel from the plastic backing--especially since that's what happens when you wash dishes. Yours, Bill Tivol, PhD EM Scientist and Manager Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility Broad Center, Mail Code 114-96 California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 (626) 395-8833 tivol-at-caltech.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 16:10:59 2004
kineopsis - see http://www.hirox-usa.com for many examples
Bill Miller
At 02:37 PM 11/3/2004, Ritchie Sims wrote:
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 16:29:18 2004
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
I've seen/used the alternating image method very effectively on a system where you wear 'goggles' with LCD eye-pieces. Left and right eye-pieces are alternately blanked, synchronised with the images on the screen. The visualisation software included an 'overlay' which allowed measurements to be taken. Not sure if this is the same sort of system that Mike Bode is describing - I seem to remember the frequency was a lot higher, 25 Hz? I don't recall the details of the software/hardware but the SPM group in Pharmaceutical Sciences at Nottingham University, UK use the system extensively.
Stereo vision does require two eyes so that each eye 'sees' the same field from slightly different angles. In viewing stereo pair images, traditional stereo viewers just ensure each eye is separately presented with an image that has already be obtained from different viewpoints - the brain then parallel processes and puts then together so that you seem to be seeing a single image, rather than two different images. I guess the brain can manage a similar trick if the same date is presented in serial.
The interesting question is whether you could get stereo perception through one eye if your brain had never learnt to process stereo i.e. if you were born with vision in only in one eye? -- Larry Stoter PLEASE NOTE 1. Any mail other than plain text will be automatically deleted. 2. Any mail, legitimate or not, apparently or actually from hotmail, netscape, yahoo or excite will automatically be deleted. 3. Mail with no subject or without a clear subject will be ignored :-)
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 16:34:25 2004
This may have been addressed in the other responses but...there are two type of water spots. 1. is mineral or soap residue and can be washed off. 2. Is permanent due to the water molecules lining up around the edge of the droplet of water creating a charge that causes the silver to migrate through the emulsion and form a ring of extra density where the edge of the droplet was. So use a small amoant of Photoflo diluted in distilled water, agitate the film in this solution for 30 sec. and hang to dry.
Bob
On Wed, 3 Nov 2004, Anna Young wrote:
} } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Hello, } } I've been having problems with water marks being left on my micrographs once they have dried. Does anyone know of any way I can minimise this? } } Thanks, } Anna Young } } } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 17:32:56 2004
} Stereo vision does require two eyes so that each eye 'sees' the same } field from slightly different angles. In viewing stereo pair images, } traditional stereo viewers just ensure each eye is separately } presented with an image that has already be obtained from different } viewpoints - the brain then parallel processes and puts then together } so that you seem to be seeing a single image, rather than two } different images. I guess the brain can manage a similar trick if the } same date is presented in serial. } } The interesting question is whether you could get stereo perception } through one eye if your brain had never learnt to process stereo i.e. } if you were born with vision in only in one eye?
3D information is also gained from visual clues as shading (the brain is assuming light comes from above) and movement (switching between two pictures). Stereo perception is only the brains capability to create a 3D model of the world. Movement and shading is at work at a deep level in the brain, if there is only one eye working we still process theese clues. So I believe that a one eyed person would have stereo perception of the world around him.
There were an interesting story in Scientific American about ten years ago on this subject. /Göran
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 18:16:46 2004
Of course you can't have binocular vision with only one eye. The normal depth perception is based on stereo vision. However, in this case we add movement to the equation. Let's say that you have an object sticking out at you. When you start tilting the image, the top (the part that is closest to you) moves with a larger amplitude than parts that are further away. Apparently our brain is clever enough to interpret this as a change in a parallax and fills in the missing information.
I am not saying that this is quantitative in any way, but it works.
You can test it for yourself. Close one eye and look at an object. You'll find that the object appears flat - no 3D information. Now move your head to the left and right (still one eye closed). You'll immediately see that you get an impression of the 3-dimensionality of the object from the changes.
I have no problem fusing stereo images. I don't know what happens to people with neurological problems that can't fuse stereo images. Whether they can use the oscillation method remains to be seen.
mike
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: Ritchie Sims [mailto:r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz] Sent: Wednesday, November 03, 2004 12:37 To: Mike Bode; Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com
Check out the review of a Sharp monitor in the recent issue of PC Magazine: http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1759,1647635,00.asp
John Mardinly Intel
-----Original Message----- } From: Leona Cohen-Gould [mailto:lcgould-at-med.cornell.edu] Sent: Wednesday, November 03, 2004 6:16 AM To: Alwyn Eades; Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com
Alwyn, Its called Flicker stereo. There was an articla about it the September issue of Microscopy Today (Nathan & Victor Greenhut). YOu can download it for free (for non-for-profit private use) from flickerstereo-at-comcast.net. haven't tried it myself, but it sounds fun and intriguing. Lee -- Leona Cohen-Gould, M.S. Sr. Staff Associate Director, Electron Microscopy Core Facility Manager, Optical Microscopy Core Facility Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University voice (212)746-6146 fax (212)746-8175
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 19:21:51 2004
Is the concept of paralax lost on everyone. what do you think causes the depth of field? so a one eyed person, no matter what the software and not see in depth. john
__________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Check out the new Yahoo! Front Page. www.yahoo.com
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 20:20:49 2004
I'm going to jump in here and add my two cents worth. I was born with strabismus or crossed eyes and as such, as was explained to me, the neural pathways could not develop so that the two images could be fused in the brain to form a 3-D view. Although my eyes were straightened at 2, it was too late for the stereopsis to develop. Consequently I see or I should say I focus with one eye or the other but not both simultaneously. I can switch back and forth between the two eyes and see the parallax or shift in the position of two objects with respect to one another but don't see 3-D. In this I am not like someone who has only one eye. Another consequence of this brain damage :-) is that I have learned to compensate using visual cues to place objects but that requires a multitude of variables including lighting, shadows, my position and orientation, and probably others that I don't know about. There are some situations where I am totally unable to determine positions. That is why I spend a number of years working at a 1MeV TEM lab where stereo was a capability due to the thick sections used and specimen rotation then I went on to confocal (among other things). At least I could get the perception of depth using a rotation software package. I do recall once visiting a ophthalmologist quite a number of years ago who used a prism system that gave me the impression of 3-D and it was a very strange sensation.
Damian Neuberger, PhD
Hello Ritchie,
Of course you can't have binocular vision with only one eye. The normal depth perception is based on stereo vision. However, in this case we add movement to the equation. Let's say that you have an object sticking out at you. When you start tilting the image, the top (the part that is closest to you) moves with a larger amplitude than parts that are further away. Apparently our brain is clever enough to interpret this as a change in a parallax and fills in the missing information.
I am not saying that this is quantitative in any way, but it works.
You can test it for yourself. Close one eye and look at an object. You'll find that the object appears flat - no 3D information. Now move your head to the left and right (still one eye closed). You'll immediately see that you get an impression of the 3-dimensionality of the object from the changes.
I have no problem fusing stereo images. I don't know what happens to people with neurological problems that can't fuse stereo images. Whether they can use the oscillation method remains to be seen.
mike
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 20:25:22 2004
I haven't done any developing in long time but re-washing the negatives won't hurt them and may solve the problem it won't make it worse.
Test any rubbing on an unimportant area of the negative first. Some emulsions will take a lot more abuse than others. Kodak T-Max is really tough compared to Agfa Pan. I accidentally washed some T-Max in 140 f. water and plunge in 70 f. water with no detectable damage. I think it is designed to be deviled at 100 f. along with color film. Don't try that with anything else.
As a final wash I used distilled water or deionized water with a very little bit of photo flow for 1 or two minutes when I lived in a hard water area. Make sure there are no drops of water left on the negative and hang it in a dust free environment to dry at normal temperature. If you are doing a lot of negatives a cabinet with a HEPA filter is a very good investment. Getting the water off the film can be done with your fingers, a chamois, sponge, pair of windshield wipers or any number of ways but they all run some risk of scratching the negative. With Distilled water and the right amount of photo flo the water should run off without the need of any help. But don't leave any drops of water on the film to dry or you are very likely to find deposits of stuff in the edges of the drops.
I often used very rapid drying methods that include a substitute sea water to rapidly remove the fixer followed by a 30 second rinse in water into to similar rinse in alcohol with a bit of photo flow then forced drying with hot air. before printing then a proper wash the next day. Having to make a dead line on a newspaper could be difficult. But I could print a picture in less than 15 minutes of taking it every time, 10 minutes if I used a press camera and the negatives are still good 30 years later.
Gordon Gordon Couger gcc at couger.com
I collect links on information related to light microscopes. http://www.couger.com/microscope/links/gclinks.html Please forward any links or information you think might be useful to others. Microscope Manual at www.science-info.org
: : Dear Anna, : : The books on developing films always recommend using a : rinse agent such as 'Photoflow' to prevent drying marks. : : However, in my experience very few people do and very few : have drying problems. It mainly comes down to how you wash : and your water supply. Assuming you are washing in flowing : water for 20-30 minutes with several changes of water during : that time then it is probably 'dirty water'. I assume you : have cleaned the wash tank. Is the water coming from mains : or is it from storage tanks? If the latter try mains water. : Try putting a filter on the tap to remove particulates. : : If you really cannot get rid of the problem you may need to : dip the films into a bath of rinse agent before drying. : : Good luck, : Ron : : : On Wed, 03 Nov 2004 09:45:01 +0000 Anna Young : {Anna.Young-at-warwick.ac.uk} wrote: : : } : } : } ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------ : } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America : } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver : } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html : } ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- : } : } Hello, : } : } I've been having problems with water marks being left on my micrographs once they have dried. Does anyone know of any way I can minimise this? : } : } Thanks, : } Anna Young : } : } : } : } : : ---------------------- : Mr. R.C. Doole : Department of Materials, : University of Oxford. : Parks Road, Oxford. OX1 3PH. UK. : Phone +44 (0) 1865 273701 : Fax +44 (0) 1865 283333 : ron.doole-at-materials.ox.ac.uk : http://www-em.materials.ox.ac.uk/ : ********************************* : : : :
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 3 21:23:09 2004
Metropolitan Microscopy Society Fall Meeting 2004 =====================================================
The thread seems long enough already. Maybe I can help summarize.
At 01:37 PM 11/03/04, Ritchie Sims wrote:
} This seems to, to me, quite incredible. } Isn't the basis of 3D perception that different images are seen by each eye? } Do you have any idea how you could have gotten a 3D perception with one } eye closed? } cheers
Depth perception can sometimes be attained with a single view. Shading cues can help determine relative position. However, that does require many assumptions and it is not foolproof. Some may remember some planetary images that were referenced in this forum some months ago. It was unclear whether features were bumps or depressions. It depended on the interpretation and relied on knowledge of the lighting.
Depth perception is usually done via "stereo" imaging. Much of this discussion has equated stereo with binocular vision. That is not strictly necessary. _What IS needed are two (or more) images for the brain to process._ In binocular vision, those images are provided simultaneously through two different channels. However, the same effect can be achieved through sequential viewing. That can be done via flicker stereo or by (closing one eye and) moving one's head back and forth, or by taking sequential EM images.
Mike Bode had said: } Of course you can't have binocular vision with only one eye. The normal } depth perception is based on stereo vision. However, in this case we add } movement to the equation. Let's say that you have an object sticking out at } you. When you start tilting the image, the top (the part that is closest to } you) moves with a larger amplitude than parts that are further away. } Apparently our brain is clever enough to interpret this as a change in a } parallax and fills in the missing information. } } I am not saying that this is quantitative in any way, but it works.
I don't know why Mike thought that disclaimer necessary. I understand that stereo depth perception can always be quantitative even though it is often left as qualitative. Our brains normally learn the spatial relationships (i.e., trigonometry) that allow us to extend our hand some distance to grasp an object. (Granted, we often update our estimates via continuous monitoring of the progress.) Even though it seems "intuitive" to our human systems, with appropriate measurements, any two images taken at known angles should be able to lead to quantitative measurements of relative distance or height. If there is a restriction besides incomplete information (i.e., unknown angles) that limits it to qualitative perception, I am not aware of it.
Meanwhile, I have found the various approaches to sensing or achieving the stereo effect to be interesting.
Warren Straszheim involved in qualitative and quantitative stereo image for many years
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 4 14:53:29 2004
I'm reviewing marketing literature for SEMs and I can't seem to find Hitachi or Amray. Did I miss something? Did they get absorbed into another company, get out of the SEM business, or am I just using a bad search engine?
Thanks for any help,
Diane Ciaburri
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 4 15:13:47 2004
Certainly it is possible to apply simple trigonometry to determine the absolute distances of features using a pair of images taken with a known view angle or spacing between them. But while that is how stereoscopic measurements are made, it isn't how humans use two-eye views. That process functions by rotating the eyes in their sockets so that the same feature is brought to the fovea (the high resolution center of the retina where the highest density of cones resides). As the center of attention is shifted from one feature in a scene to another, the rotation of the eyes in their sockets - in or out - provides a relative signal as to which feature is closer. Only by sequentially treating a number of points in the scene and building up a mental list of relative distance order does our brain construct an overall sense of relative depth. And it is definitely relative, not absolute. We have no transits or even protractors in our eye sockets, and there is no evidence that anything in human vision is quantitative as opposed to relative (comparisons). Indeed, in terms of reaching a finger out to touch something, or judging the approach of an object, there is evidence that other cues such as relative size, shadows and precedence (if one object blocks another, it is closer) are more important than stereo vision.
The use of "sequential stereo" by moving the eye point back and forth - or flipping between two images - is not quite the same as using vergence (the rotating of the eyes in their sockets). In the sequential case, the more an object shifts from one scene to the other (or the more it shifts as our head is bobbed back and forth) provides a measure of relative distance. Many researchers believe that snakes "weave" back and forth to judge striking distance in this way, and the many animals that do not have significantly overlapping visual fields from eyes placed on the sides of their heads probably use similar techniques for judging close distances. But again, this provides a relative rather than an absolute measure, and the visual impression has to be built up sequentially by viewing many points, which is why the flipping back and forth has to be repeated.
All of this isn't to say that sequential displays of "stereo" images may not be useful in some situations. The method has the advantages that 1) it can be used for color images, which red/blue glasses cannot (although polarized lenses or side by side viewing can); 2) it works for the significant fraction of people who don't use both eyes equally and can't fuse stereo; and 3) it is trivially easy to accomplish with any computer display system (you can do it in Photoshop by putting the two images in layers, and writing an action to turn the top layer on and off, and the use of layers makes it easy to align the images properly as well). My own experience with it suggests that the speed of the flipping has to be individually adjusted for different viewers, and that a significant fraction of people find the process more distracting than helpful.
John Russ =======
In a message dated 11/4/04 2:57:02 PM, wesaia-at-iastate.edu writes:
} I don't know why Mike thought that disclaimer necessary. I understand that } } stereo depth perception can always be quantitative even though it is often } } left as qualitative. Our brains normally learn the spatial relationships } } (i.e., trigonometry) that allow us to extend our hand some distance to } } grasp an object. (Granted, we often update our estimates via continuous } } monitoring of the progress.) Even though it seems "intuitive" to our human } } systems, with appropriate measurements, any two images taken at known } angles should be able to lead to quantitative measurements of relative } } distance or height. If there is a restriction besides incomplete } information (i.e., unknown angles) that limits it to qualitative } perception, I am not aware of it.
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 4 17:02:21 2004
Diane: Hitachi can be found at http://www.hitachi-hhta.com/. Amray was bought by someone but I can't remember who. I'm not even sure there still in the SEM business. Surely someone on the list will know their fate.
Diane.Ciaburri-at-gd-ais.com wrote:
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 4 17:18:55 2004
----- Original Message ----- } From: {Diane.Ciaburri-at-gd-ais.com} To: {Microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} Sent: Thursday, November 04, 2004 9:07 PM
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (pgrover-at-bilbo.bio.purdue.edu) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Thursday, November 4, 2004 at 09:05:34 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: pgrover-at-bilbo.bio.purdue.edu Name: Paul Grover
Question: A colleague of mine who works at a stereo dissecting scope much of the day complained of fatigue resulting from his use of the microscope. I did the test I had learned to check the collimation of binoculars, and found the scope significantly out of whack. Can anyone direct me to an article or other resource on this problem/associated dangers/repair?
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: DrJohnRuss-at-aol.com [mailto:DrJohnRuss-at-aol.com] Sent: Thursday, November 04, 2004 14:26 To: wesaia-at-iastate.edu; Microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com
As noted, Hitachi is still around. Amray was bought for their FE gun technology by KLA-Tencor, an American manufacturer of semiconductor manufacturing equipment. As soon as they bought Amray (around 3 years ago), KLA let non-FE customers know that they weren't going to provide service for their instruments anymore. They claimed that they would still support the FE instruments, I don't know if they still do. They may have continued producing laboratory SEMs for awhile as Amray's stock was depleted, but I'm sure they are out of that business now. They do make specialized SEMs for wafer inspection.
Allen R. Sampson Advanced Research Systems 317 North 4th. Street St. Charles, Illinois 60174
On Thursday, November 04, 2004 5:15 PM, Becky Holdford [SMTP:r-holdford-at-ti.com] wrote: } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------- } } Diane: Hitachi can be found at http://www.hitachi-hhta.com/. Amray was } bought by someone but I can't remember who. I'm not even sure there } still in the SEM business. Surely someone on the list will know their } fate. } } Diane.Ciaburri-at-gd-ais.com wrote: } } } ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- } } } } I'm reviewing marketing literature for SEMs and I can't seem to find Hitachi } } or Amray. Did I miss something? Did they get absorbed into another } } company, get out of the SEM business, or am I just using a bad search } } engine? } } } } Thanks for any help, } } } } Diane Ciaburri } } } } } } } } } } -- } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ } Becky Holdford (r-holdford-at-ti.com) } 972-995-2360 } 972-648-8743 (pager) } SC Packaging FA Development } Texas Instruments, Inc. } Dallas, TX } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 4 22:23:04 2004
1st International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld-2005) "Fostering Cross-disciplinary Applied Research in Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology" Badajoz, Spain, March 15-18th, 2005 http://www.formatex.org/biomicroworld2005
Dear colleague,
On behalf of the organizers, you are cordially invited to send abstracts of your best research for presentation at the forthcoming 1st International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld-2005), that will take place in March 2005 in Badajoz (Spain).
Modern microbiology includes a broad variety of scholarly approaches leading to a better understanding of all living things at the macroscopic, microscopic/single-cell and nanoscopic/molecular level, producing beneficial applications in medicine, agriculture, industry, and ecology. Therefore, the Conference will specially welcome papers reporting interdisciplinary researchers, relating Microbiology with other Sciences as Physico/chemistry, Materials Science, Polymer Science, Environmental Sciences, Genetics, Pharmacology, Microscopy/Imaging Science, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, etc. In other words, we are specially (but not exclusivelly) interested in reports applying the techniques, the training, and the culture of Microbiology to research areas usually associated with other scientific and engineering disciplines, from an applied perspective.
Submission of abstracts: November 22th, 2004 (at least for oral presentations; some more time will be given to abstracts for posters) Submission of Full Papers for publication: On site
CONFERENCE PUBLICATION - PROCEEDINGS
1. Proceedings Book A multi-volume book entitled "Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Applied Microbiology. Biological, Physical, Chemical and Engineering Aspects" will be published including Full papers of works (oral, posters) presented at the conference. The book will be published by an international publisher (now in negotiations with Elsevier Science), in order to give it a broad international distribution.
2. Abstracts Book A separate Abstracts Booklet will be published with abstracts of works presented at the Conference. It will be distributed at the beginning of the conference.
3. International Journals special issues Agreements are being arranged with several international journals, in order to produce special issues based on very good papers presented at the Conference. Manuscripts must be delivered during the Conference, according to the instructions we will give in due course for each journal. All papers will be strictly reviewed and treated as regular papers. High quality and high impact special issues should be produced. Please refer to the conference website for details.
4. 2005 Current Reviews on Applied Microbiology A call for mini-reviews on topics covered by the conference will be made by the end of October. Accepted reviews will be collected in a comprehensive publication. Authors will receive a free copy of the publication, and its content will be made freely available shortly after the conference. Proposals for mini-reviews are welcome from qualified researchers, irrespective they attend the conference or not.
SPECIAL SESSIONS - WORKSHOPS
- Workshop on Modern Microscopy Techniques in Applied Microbiology - MICROFACTORIES - Microbial Production of Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals - Workshop on Biotechnologically Relevant Enzymes and Proteins - Workshop on Studies on Extracellular Matrix: Biology and Physico/chemistry - Workshop on Biosurfactants: Purification, Mass production, Applications - Workshop on Yeast and Bacterial Flocculation: Fundamentals and Industrial interest - Worskhop on Microbial Biosensors - Methods in Cell, Proteins, Enzymes and other Biomolecules Immobilisation - Workshop on Biohydrogen - Hydrogen production by Microorganisms, as a Novel Source of Renewable Energy - Workshop on Bioremediation - Workshop on Microbial Biopolymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications - Methods in Cell Adhesion: Classical and Novel Methods, from Macroscopic to Nanometer scale, from Biochemistry to Nano(bio)technology
PLENARY LECTURES
Plenary talks include:
"Biomarkers to define interactions in the environment and health" David C. White, Director of the Center for Biomarker Analysis, University of Tennessee, USA
"Novel time-resolved Fluoresecence based Immunoassays and Real-time PCR assays in Microbiological Applications" Timo Lövgren, Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Finland
"The genetics and biochemistry of malonate and 2,4-D biodegradation by Burkholderia cepacia strain 2a" Ian James Bruce, Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Istituto di Scienze Chimiche, Universita degli Studi di Urbino, ITALY / School of Science, University of Greenwich, UK
Alexander Steinbuchel, Institut fur Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Munster, GERMANY [titletobeannounced]
SEARCHING FOR PARTNERS FOR TRANSNATIONAL COLLABORATION PROJECTS?
One of the major goals of this International Meeting is promoting contacts among researchers and research groups for the creation of Multinational Thematic and Research Networks, as well as promoting the future presentation of collaborative joint projects within some of the EU Operational Programs and Iniciatives (for example, the EC Sixth Framework Program). Presentation of results of already executed or under developement European Projects are highly encouraged, specially in the case of Interdisciplinary projects. Also initial proposals for future EU projects are welcome. All ideas/proposals for collaboration will be included in a booklet entitled "Scientific/Tecnological Offer for Collaborative Projects", to be distributed at the beginning of the Conference. If your group wants to be included, please download the form available at the conference website and send it to the conference secretariat.
If you have any question or suggestion, please do not hesitate to contact us.
We hope you find it interesting to present your work(s) at the Conference, and we certainly hope to receive your abstract(s) by November 22th!
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (jose.maria.manero-at-upc.es) from http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Friday, November 5, 2004 at 07:34:24 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: jose.maria.manero-at-upc.es Name: Jose M Manero
Organization: UPC
Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] How to prepare samples to see barcteria?
Question: Dear Colleagues
I have samples of tooth decay. My goal would be to have a look on the existing bacteria in the caries through an electron microscopy. Samples were observed by me by means of an ESEM (without any kind of preparation), as well as I have observed them by a SEM (just gold coated samples) and I have never been able to see them. Has anyone experience in how to prepare samples to see the bacteria? Do I have to use conventional methods: deshydratation, fixation, critical points, conductive coatingsÖ?
Than you in advance for your co-operation!
Dr. Jose M Manero Electron Microscopy Laboratory Departament of Materials Science UPC. Av Diagonal 647. Barcelona. Spain
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (steven.obenour-at-unison.ae.ge.com) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Friday, November 5, 2004 at 07:19:48 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: steven.obenour-at-unison.ae.ge.com Name: Steven Obenour
As you have already learned via the list, Hitachi is alive and well and still very much manufacturing Microscopes. Amray however, was purchased by KLA-Tencor a number of years ago and has not been in the Lab SEM business since. There are several Companies around the country who specialize in retrofitting and re-selling used Amray Microscopes. If you are interested in them please contact me off-list.
Michael R. Nesta General Manager Energy Beam Sciences, Inc. 800 992-9037 mnesta-at-ebsciences.com www.ebsciences.com "Adding Brilliance to Your Vision"
Diane.Ciaburri-at-gd-ais.com wrote:
} } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } I'm reviewing marketing literature for SEMs and I can't seem to find Hitachi } or Amray. Did I miss something? Did they get absorbed into another } company, get out of the SEM business, or am I just using a bad search } engine? } } Thanks for any help, } } Diane Ciaburri } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 5 09:54:35 2004
Amray was absorbed by KLA -Tencor and only makes SEM's for the Semiconductor industry. Hitachi SEMs can be found under http://www.hitachi-hta.com/ Leo is back to being Zeiss - http://www.smt.zeiss.com/ Jeol is still http://www.jeol.com/ CamScan now includes Tescan - - http://www.camscan-usa.com RJ Lee is now Aspex - http://www.aspexllc.com FEI (was Philips, Electroscan)- http://www.feicompany.com
I have to admit, JEOL gets a gold star in my book. I still love my old 35C (vintage 1978), and the best part is that JEOL service has kept it up and running all these years. (No financial interest - just a satisfied customer.) If anyone has had good or poor service on other brands of SEM, I'd be interested in hearing about it.
Thanks!
Diane Ciaburri
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 5 11:39:55 2004
I'm in the funny position of suddenly and quickly needing to purchase a EDS system. I have a detector from Thermo Noran and I am considering both the Noran System 6 and PGT's Avalon 8000. I need imput!
Has anyone experence difficult with either system? Any horror stories I should know about? Anyone in love with their EDS system? Should I look at another vendor?
Here's the catch.... I gotta place the order by Dec 1 2004....
Frank Karl Degussa Corporation Akron Technical Center 3500 Embassy Parkway Suite 100 Akron, Ohio 44333
330-668-2235 Ext. 238
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 5 12:06:03 2004
Material: Ruthenium (Ru) Type: Microetching Method: Chemical etching Etchant (electrolyte): 80 ml distilled water, 20 ml hydrochloric acid, 1 ml hydrogen peroxide (3 %). Procedure: Few minutes. Remarks: Ru rich alloys and Ru-Mo alloys. Reference: G. Petzow, Metallographic Etching, ASM (American Society for Metals), 1978, p. 45.
Material: Ruthenium and alloys (Ru), osmium and alloys (Os), rhodium and alloys (Rh) Type: Macroetchant Method: Chemical etching Etchant (Electrolyte): 50 ml lactic acid, 20 ml HNO3, 30 ml HF. Procedure: Few minutes. Remarks: Grain contrast. Reference: Practical Metallography, Vol. 7, No. 6, 1970, p. 314-324.
Material: Kovar, cemented carbides (Fe) Type: Microetchant Method: Chemical etching Etchant (Electrolyte): 100 ml distilled water, 20 g ammonium persulfate. Procedure: No data. Remarks: Kovar, Cemented carbides with Co base. Reference: Practical Metallography, Vol. 10, No. 7, 1973, p. 407-413.
Material: Kovar alloy (Fe) Type: Microetchant Method: Electrolytic etching Etchant (Electrolyte): 10 ml HCl (conc.), 90 ml alcohol. Procedure: 6-10 V. Remarks: Kovar alloy. Reference: Practical Metallography, Vol. 10, No. 7, 1973, p. 407-413.
This data was extracted from a Metallographic Etch Database that we offer. You can get more details on it by typing in the search term "MED" on our website at www.southbaytech.com. Alternatively, contact me off-line and I can email the information to you.
DISCLAIMER: South Bay Technology produces equipment and supplies as described above and, therefore, has a vested interest in promoting their use.
Best regards-
David
by way of MicroscopyListserver wrote:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (steven.obenour-at-unison.ae.ge.com) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Friday, November 5, 2004 at 07:19:48 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: steven.obenour-at-unison.ae.ge.com Name: Steven Obenour
Question: I am looking for metallographic etchants for Ruthenium and Kovar.
-- David Henriks
South Bay Technology, Inc. 1120 Via Callejon San Clemente, CA 92673 USA
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 5 12:50:26 2004
Hopefully this isn't 'the last word' because experience suggests that the notion of eye convergence being vital to stereoscopic depth perception is mistaken. Stereo viewing of side-by-side photos with the eyes unconverged (i.e., pointed straight ahead) and essentially kept in fixed positions is easily learned and is practiced by many microscopists and other photointerpreters. Maybe there's research showing that the brain also processes eyeball rotation information, but simply presenting the appropriate (suitably matched and aligned) images containing horizontal parallax to each eye seems sufficient. The essential information is parallax, as is easily demonstrated with stereo imagery that lacks any secondary depth cues such as shadows, occlusion or familiar subjects that we associate with size. Stereo images taken of thin-slice or foil samples in TEM are good examples.
On the subject of depth measurements from stereo images, these can of course be absolute if the projection geometry and magnification are known. The relative depth sense of stereoviewing is not essential for measuring the parallax shifts in stereo images, but it helps a lot for correctly matching corresponding image features in relation to their heights in the perceived stereo model.
Larry
Larry Thomas Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Mail Stop P8-16 Richland, WA, USA
Viewing side-by-side images with eyes pointed "straight ahead" turns out not to be a counter-example. Your eyes don't stay "straight ahead." They move. If they didn't, your brain wouldn't get any information about most of the scene. In fact, when looking at any scene your "fovea point" or point of interest jumps around all the time, very rapidly (and short of using drugs, you can't suppress this motion). Tests that track eye motion by bouncing a light off the eye while a scene is being viewed study the "interesting points" that are selected, and confirm that the consciously remembered information in the scene only comes from the places that your vision "visited." Even by trying very hard, it is difficult to get very much information from portions of a scene that appear only in your peripheral vision. The "jumping around" process also fills in the blind spot in your retina, where the optic nerve connects, and where there are no light sensors. So the point-by-point sequential comparison of depths determined by vergence of the eyes (even if the motion is slight, and even if the nominal viewpoint of the eyes is straight ahead towards two side-by-side images) is in fact the way human vision uses stereo. It is fundamentally different than the measurement of parallax from a set of stereo images as performed by a computer.
In a message dated 11/5/04 2:02:06 PM, Larry.Thomas-at-pnl.gov writes:
} Hopefully this isn't 'the last word' because experience suggests that the } notion } of eye convergence being vital to stereoscopic depth perception is mistaken. } Stereo viewing of side-by-side photos with the eyes unconverged (i.e., } pointed } straight ahead) and essentially kept in fixed positions is easily learned } and is } practiced by many microscopists and other photointerpreters
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 5 13:38:02 2004
On Friday, November 5, 2004, at 01:06 PM, Frank.Karl-at-degussa.com wrote:
} } } ----------------------------------------------------------------------- } ------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ----------------------------------------------------------------------- } -------- } } } } } } I'm in the funny position of suddenly and quickly needing to purchase } a EDS } system. I have a detector from Thermo Noran and I am considering both } the } Noran System 6 and PGT's Avalon 8000. I need imput! } } Has anyone experence difficult with either system? Any horror stories } I } should know about? Anyone in love with their EDS system? Should I } look at } another vendor? } } Here's the catch.... I gotta place the order by Dec 1 2004.... } } Frank Karl } Degussa Corporation } Akron Technical Center } 3500 Embassy Parkway } Suite 100 } Akron, Ohio 44333 } } } 330-668-2235 Ext. 238 } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 5 14:09:47 2004
I looked this up in #5 of the Edington Monograph series
Ru: electropolish 78g CaCl2.2H2O 200 ml water 6ml conc hydrochloric acid 10V reduced to 7V, 0C (200 and 100 mA/mm^2, respectively)
Since this is a chloride, you might want to check with South Bay Technology and looked up Bernie Kestel's acid free electrolyte for polishing.
Kovar is approximately 53%Fe-29%Ni-17%Co. I can't find one specifically for Kovar. I would look to the literature. there is one for 18%Ni-Co-Mo maraging steels which is 10% perchloric and 90% ascetic.
I would try some of the perchloric-acetic acid etches, for Fe-Ni alloys or perhaps the chromium trioxide-acetic acid ones for steels. Again, the acid-free electrolyte might work.
-Scott
Scott D. Walck, Ph.D. PPG Industries, Inc. Glass Technology Center P. O. Box 11472 (letters) Guys Run Rd. (packages) Pittsburgh, PA 15238-0472 Walck-at-PPG.com (412) 820-8651 (office) (412) 820-8515 (fax)
-----Original Message----- } From: steven.obenour-at-unison.ae.ge.com [mailto:steven.obenour-at-unison.ae.ge.com] Sent: Friday, November 05, 2004 9:18 AM To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (steven.obenour-at-unison.ae.ge.com) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Friday, November 5, 2004 at 07:19:48 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: steven.obenour-at-unison.ae.ge.com Name: Steven Obenour
I would like to know what mounting medium is used for araldite or epon semithick sections (2-5 micrometer). We have used canadian balsam so far but this causes wrinkles of sections under the cover glasses. So, my question is: Is there known anything else beside canadian balsam for mounting semithick epon/araldite sections to study with LM?
Kärt Padari kartp-at-ut.ee University of Tartu Estonia
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 8 07:26:15 2004
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (somayyeh_kheiri-at-yahoo.com) from http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Monday, November 8, 2004 at 02:26:04 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Why not use the same resin? We do. Put some left-over resin from an embedding run into a 1ml syringe. Ideal for controlled dropwise delivery. You can seal with Parafilm and keep a stock syringe or two in the freezer for future use.
Chris
----- Original Message ----- } From: "Kart Padari" {kartp-at-ut.ee} To: {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} Sent: Monday, November 08, 2004 11:45 AM
Hi all, I have a problem with my TEM. It has a trackball system but the system is not tracking. I think the sensors are not working. Here's a description of the system - it resides in a little black box and is connected to the electronics via a cord that snaps into the box very much like a telephone cord snaps into a phone: The X and Y coordinates consist of two separate bars. The trackball sits between the bars . On each bar is a wheel that has small holes in it. As the ball is turned it turns the bars that turn the wheels. A sensor sits in front of each wheel and coordinates the movement of the sample. The bars turn, the wheels turn, but there is no specimen movement.
I want to understand how it works to better understand why it failed and mainly how it might be fixed.
thanks in advance for any help. best, Beth
********************************************************************** Beth Richardson EM Lab Coordinator Plant Biology Department University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602-7271
"Between the two evils, I always pick the one I never tried before". Mae West (1893-1980) *******************************************************************
"And it's only the giving that makes you what you are". Wond'ring Aloud, Jethro Tull (Aqualung)
Xlyene-based mounting media often cause wrinkles in 'thick' sections. Lots of labs just use a drop of the same embedding meduim (with accelerator) the section is in, epon, araldite or Spurr.
Geoff
Kart Padari wrote:
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-- -- ********************************************** Geoff McAuliffe, Ph.D. Neuroscience and Cell Biology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 voice: (732)-235-4583; fax: -4029 mcauliff-at-umdnj.edu **********************************************
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 8 09:56:34 2004
Peggy Sherwood Lab Associate, Photopathology Wellman Center for Photomedicine (W224) Massachusetts General Hospital 55 Fruit Street Boston, MA 02114 617-724-4839 (voice mail) 617-726-6983 (lab) 617-726-3192 (fax) msherwood-at-partners.org
-----Original Message----- } From: Kart Padari [mailto:kartp-at-ut.ee] Sent: Monday, November 08, 2004 6:45 AM To: Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com
Dear All,
I would like to know what mounting medium is used for araldite or epon semithick sections (2-5 micrometer). We have used canadian balsam so far but this causes wrinkles of sections under the cover glasses. So, my question is: Is there known anything else beside canadian balsam for mounting semithick epon/araldite sections to study with LM?
Kärt Padari kartp-at-ut.ee University of Tartu Estonia
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 8 10:05:42 2004
Kärt Padari wrote: ============================================================ I would like to know what mounting medium is used for araldite or epon semithick sections (2-5 micrometer). We have used canadian balsam so far but this causes wrinkles of sections under the cover glasses. So, my question is: Is there known anything else beside canadian balsam for mounting semithick epon/araldite sections to study with LM? ============================================================ I would call your attention to the products called "Meltmount™ Thermoplastic Liquid Mounting Media" as described on URL http://www.2spi.com/catalog/ltmic/melt-therm.shtml and in particular, product Meltmount 1.539 Code 53 which is a direct replacement for Canada Balsam. I have not heard of any of our customers experiencing such problems with the Meltmount product.
The product is also available in a second form, Quick-Stick™ Thermoplastic Liquid Mounting Media, see URL http://www.2spi.com/catalog/ltmic/quickstick.shtml
Disclaimer: SPI Supplies offers these two products as plug in replacements for Canada Balsam and therefore has a vested interest in seeing more people using them.
Chuck
=================================================== Charles A. Garber, Ph. D. Ph: 1-(610)-436-5400 President 1-(800)-2424-SPI SPI SUPPLIES FAX: 1-(610)-436-5755 PO BOX 656 e-mail: cgarber-at-2spi.com West Chester, PA 19381-0656 USA Cust. Service: spi2spi-at-2spi.com
Look for us! ############################ WWW: http://www.2spi.com ############################ ==================================================
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 8 12:36:18 2004
Hi, We have used immersion oil sealed with nail polish and it has worked very nice.
Robert Underwood U of Washington
On Mon, 8 Nov 2004, Kart Padari wrote:
} } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } Dear All, } } I would like to know what mounting medium is used for araldite or epon } semithick sections (2-5 micrometer). } We have used canadian balsam so far but this causes wrinkles of sections } under the cover glasses. } So, my question is: } Is there known anything else beside canadian balsam for mounting semithick } epon/araldite sections to study with LM? } } } K�rt Padari } kartp-at-ut.ee } University of Tartu } Estonia } } } } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 8 15:22:00 2004
Hey folks we need to have a sample analyzed. This is a ceramic chip capacitor with some foreign material on the top surface (metallic). Can any one recommend a local service for just basic EDS analysis. Thank you
Robert Fowler Quality Assurance Failure Analysis Technician TDK Components USA, Inc. Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor Division 1 TDK Boulevard Peachtree City GA 30269-2051 Telephone: (770) 631-0410 Ext.249 Fax: (770) 487-1460 email: robert.fowler-at-tdktca.com www.component.tdk.com
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 8 17:42:00 2004
I am trying to find info about possible upgrade of "Desktop Microscopist" for the Mac OSX system. The web site of Virtual Labs/ Lacuna Labs which was distributing the software seems to be hacked and I cannot get any contact info.
Krassimir Bozhilov.
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 8 18:24:33 2004
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (amarjit.s.brar-at-seagate.com) from http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Monday, November 8, 2004 at 11:01:39 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: amarjit.s.brar-at-seagate.com Name: Amarjit S. Brar
I have shown below some chemical etch data for gold and gold alloys extracted from a Metallographic Etch Database that we offer for sale. You can get more details on it by typing in the search term "MED" on our website at www.southbaytech.com. Alternatively, contact me off-line and I can email the information to you.
DISCLAIMER: South Bay Technology produces equipment and supplies as described above and, therefore, has a vested interest in promoting their use.
Best regards-
David
-- David Henriks
South Bay Technology, Inc. 1120 Via Callejon San Clemente, CA 92673 USA
TEL: +1-949-492-2600 Toll-free in the USA: +1-800-728-2233 FAX: +1-949-492-1499
email: henriks-at-southbaytech.com
Celebrating 40 years of providing Materials Processing Solutions for Metallogaphy, Crystallography and Electron Microscopy.
Please visit us online at www.southbaytech.com.
Material: Gold-Silver-Platinum (Au-Ag-Pt) Type: Microetchant Method: Chemical etching Etchant (Electrolyte): 20 ml KCN (10 %), 20 ml (NH4)2S2O8 (10 %). Procedure: Use in a hood. Immerse at room temperature for 10-30 s. Remarks: Electric contact material. Reference: Metallography, Structures and Phase Diagrams, Metals Handbook, 8th Edition, Vol. 8, ASM (American Society for Metals), Metals Park, Ohio 44079, USA, 1973, p. 118.
Material: Gold alloys (Au), palladium alloys (Pd), silver alloys (Ag) Type: Microetchant Method: Chemical etching Etchant (Electrolyte): 1 part 10 % aqueous solution of ammonium persulphate, 1 part 10 % aqueous solution of potassium cyanide. With extremely resistant alloys use 20 % solutions. Procedure: The solution must be used within a few minutes after mixing. It is very toxic and hence etching should be carried out under a fume extraction hood. Remarks: Extremely toxic. Reference: H. Modin and S. Modin, Metallurgical Microscopy, Butterworths, London, 1973., p. 392.
Material: Gold (Au), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) Type: Macroetching Method: Chemical etching Etchant (electrolyte): 66 ml hydrochloric acid, 34 ml nitric acid. Procedure: Few minutes. Use hot and fresh!. Remarks: Au, Pt alloys and Pd alloys. Reference: G. Petzow, Metallographic Etching, ASM (American Society for Metals), 1978, p. 43.
Material: Gold (Au), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt) Type: Microetching Method: Chemical etching Etchant (electrolyte): 100 ml hydrochloric acid, 1-5 g chromium (VI) oxide. Procedure: Seconds to minutes. Remarks: Pure Au and Au-rich alloys. Pd and Pd alloys. Reference: G. Petzow, Metallographic Etching, ASM (American Society for Metals), 1978, p. 45.
Material: Gold (Au), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt) Type: Microetching Method: Chemical etching Etchant (electrolyte): 30 (50) ml distilled water, 25 (100) ml hydrochloric acid, 5 (10) ml nitric acid. Procedure: 1-5 min. Use hot.!. Remove precipitate of gold chloride with ammonia water. Remarks: Pure Pt and Pd. Au alloys. Proportions in parentheses especially useful for Pt. Reference: G. Petzow, Metallographic Etching, ASM (American Society for Metals), 1978, p. 45.
Material: Gold (Au), Pt alloys (Pt), Pd alloys (Pt) Type: Macroetchant Method: Chemical etching Etchant (Electrolyte): 66 ml HCl, 34 ml HNO3. Procedure: Hot, few minutes. Remarks: Grain contrast. Reference: Practical Metallography, Vol. 7, No. 6, 1970, p. 314-324.
Material: Gold (Au) and precious metals. Type: Microetchant Method: Chemical etching Etchant (Electrolyte): 1 part HNO3 (conc.), 10 parts HCl (conc.). Procedure: Etching temperature 30-35 C (86-95 F). Use a fume cupboard. Remarks: Gold and precious metals. Reference: H. Modin and S. Modin, Metallurgical Microscopy, Butterworths, London, 1973., p. 392.
by way of MicroscopyListserver wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
-- David Henriks
South Bay Technology, Inc. 1120 Via Callejon San Clemente, CA 92673 USA
TEL: +1-949-492-2600 Toll-free in the USA: +1-800-728-2233 FAX: +1-949-492-1499
email: henriks-at-southbaytech.com
Celebrating 40 years of providing Materials Processing Solutions for Metallogaphy, Crystallography and Electron Microscopy.
Please visit us online at www.southbaytech.com.
The information contained in this message and any attachments is privileged and confidential. This message is intended for the individual or entity addressed. If you are not the intended recipient, please do not read, copy or disclose this communication. Notify the sender of the mistake by calling +1-949-492-2600 and delete this message from your system.
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 9 05:14:16 2004
hello, Earlier I use to use the araldite kit and blocks were } soft and good but now we have ordered the : } "Durcupan water soluble kit" for embedding the } tissue/culture whatever the mixture i try the } resultant blocks are brittle and remain unpolymerize. } The standard procedure which came along with the kit } is } Durcupan A Resin - 27 g } DDSA - 65 g } DMP-30 - 6.6 g } DPB - 2.2 g } } Since with this mixture even over a week of } polymerization at 60 deg blocks are not completly } polymerize therefore, } } I increase the concentration of DDSA, DMP-30 and DBP } propertionately and tried three different combinations } but still i find the incomplete polymerization. } } I didnt understad why blocks are not plymerizing } completly. } May I have your suggestions comment please. } } I thank you in advance
Regards Arti Harle Scientist
__________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Check out the new Yahoo! Front Page. www.yahoo.com
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 9 07:16:39 2004
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (mingram-at-rohmhaas.com) from http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Tuesday, November 9, 2004 at 07:07:37 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: mingram-at-rohmhaas.com Name: Mike Ingram
Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] SEM and X-rays
Question: All,
Has anyone who has been monitoring their SEM for X-ray leakage found any problems?
The following tutorials from the MSA meeting in Savannah are now available on DVD. See the video catalog at this url for details
http://www.biotech.ufl.edu/sems/newtape00.htm
# 266 - Techniques for Electron Tomography. by M. Marko $15.00 #267 - Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry in SEM. By Dale Newbury $15.00 # 268 - Introduction to Electron Holography - by Molly McCartney - $15.00 # 269 - Introduction to Fluorescence and Image Correlation Spectroscopy - by P. Wiseman $15.00
Gregory W. Erdos Ph.D. Assistant Director, Biotechnology Program Scientific Director, Electron Microscopy P.O. Box 118525 217 Carr Hall University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 gwe-at-ufl.edu 352-392-1295 fax- 352-846-0251
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 9 08:10:55 2004
Matrox does not support TWAIN. You can buy a twain driver; the demo version is free: http://www.ebbosoft.com/Products/Demoversion/demoversion.html
There are some drivers for Linux: http://www.emlix.com/index.php?id=163
For Windows, Matrox frame grabbers need the drivers of the Matrox Imaging Library (MIL), which comes in different versions. MIL is a programming environment. If you are a good C++ programmer, this is the right thing for you. If not - you are screwed. Well, these frame grabbers are for machine vision, anyway.
Other imaging packages depend on the MIL redistribution, which has to be installed before installing the other software. Mathworks Matlab Image acquisition toolbox does support your frame grabber. There are even drivers for National Instruments IMAQ for the Matrox Meteor II.
More or less no programming is needed for other packages, like Mediacybernetics Image Pro Plus, Optimas, AnalySIS, Matrox Inspector, Rauscher GrabIT, Streampix, Fabrimex QuickView Software QView-C/M, and others: http://www.matrox.com/imaging/third/3rdparty.cfm
The problem is: all these solutions are quite expensive (except Linux), or the software does not more than any video freeware.
:-) Torsten
P.S. If somebody has drivers for Active Silicon Snapper-Dig16, please send me an email. The company is not responding to emails (www.activesilicon.co.uk).
} } Hi all, } } I have here a Sony CCD-camera which is connected to a Matrox Meteor II } framegrabber card. Both in good conditions, no doubt, but is there } some software I can use for live imaging and acquisition? Analysis is } a nice extra, but is not necessary! } } I tried to connect to ImageJ, but this did not work out. I need to } make it TWAIN. How does this works/is this possible? } } Thanks in advance, } } Sven Terclavers } }
Dipl. Biol. Torsten Fregin
Universität Hamburg - Biozentrum Grindel (ZIM) Abt. Neurophysiologie Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3 20146 Hamburg, Germany Telefon *49-(0)40-42838-3931 Fax *49-(0)40-42838-3937 eMail Torsten.Fregin-at-zoologie.uni-hamburg.de
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 9 08:26:53 2004
mingram-at-rohmhaas.com (by way of MicroscopyListserver) 11/09/2004 07:32 AM
To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com cc: Subject: [Microscopy] viaWWW: SEM and X-rays
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (mingram-at-rohmhaas.com) from http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Tuesday, November 9, 2004 at 07:07:37 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: mingram-at-rohmhaas.com Name: Mike Ingram
Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] SEM and X-rays
Question: All,
Has anyone who has been monitoring their SEM for X-ray leakage found any problems?
The state of Illinois used to require radiation surveys, but they deemed that SEMs pose no risk for leakage. Vacuum requirements to turn on the beam ensure that you don't have a major mechanical breach.
Alan Stone ASTON
At 07:32 AM 11/9/2004, you wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Alan Stone ASTON Metallurgical Services Co., Inc. 200 Larkin Drive Ste A Wheeling, IL 60090 847/353-8100 www.astonmet.com
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 9 11:23:06 2004
} I am trying to find info about possible upgrade of "Desktop } Microscopist" } for the Mac OSX system. The web site of Virtual Labs/ Lacuna Labs } which was } distributing the software seems to be hacked and I cannot get any } contact } info. } Dear Krassimir, You might ask Scott Davilla of 4Pi Systems. Yours, Bill Tivol, PhD EM Scientist and Manager Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility Broad Center, Mail Code 114-96 California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 (626) 395-8833 tivol-at-caltech.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 9 12:25:43 2004
Greetings, This question concerns the way cameras digitize gray levels. I have two cameras in my lab, one is an analog CCD camera (meaning it puts out an NSTC composite video signal), about a dozen years old, and connected to a frame grabber card in a computer; the other is a new digital ccd camera (meaning built in "frame grabber") with acquisition software on the computer. When I look at the image histograms of the same object taken with the two cameras, the histograms are different. In particular, while the older camera generates a more or less smooth curve, the newer one generates a really noisy curve with the number of pixels at adjacent gray levels differing substantially. To put this intuatively, the new camera seems to be noisy in gray-level space. Does anyone know why the two set ups should digitize so differently?
Now (just to confuse matters) it is true that the new camera captures 12-bit images and the old one just 8-bit, but I don't see why having more gray levels should substantially increase the digitization noise. (the increase is not small, it really obvious).
} Hello Listers: } } Does anyone out there know where I could get a part for a LKB NOVA } ultramicrotome? The part needed is 90-00-0047 which is the band attached } to the specimen arm of the microtome. I used to be able to get parts from } Norman J. Woodside but can't find him anymore. He lived in Catonsville, } MD. Anyone out there able to help? } } Thanks! } } Karen L. Bentley, M.S.(previously Jensen) } Associate Scientist & Project Manager } Electron Microscope Research Core } University of Rochester Medical Center } Rochester, NY 14642 } 585-275-1954 }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 9 13:12:54 2004
I used to use Durcupan water-miscible resin, or Aquembed which is the same thing, all the time. I found the best way to use it is as a dehydrating agent only (just the Durcupan A component), and then put the tissue through graded mixtures of Durcupan A with Epon mix - Epon substitute plus DDSA and NMA. After at least two changes of 100% Epon mix, infiltrate with the Epon mix plus DMP30 before embedding and polymerising.
Lesley Weston.
on 09/11/2004 3:30 AM, Aarti Harle at aarti_harle-at-yahoo.co.in wrote:
} } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- --} - } } } hello, } Earlier I use to use the araldite kit and blocks were } } soft and good but now we have ordered the : } } "Durcupan water soluble kit" for embedding the } } tissue/culture whatever the mixture i try the } } resultant blocks are brittle and remain } unpolymerize. } } The standard procedure which came along with the kit } } is } } Durcupan A Resin - 27 g } } DDSA - 65 g } } DMP-30 - 6.6 g } } DPB - 2.2 g } } } } Since with this mixture even over a week of } } polymerization at 60 deg blocks are not completly } } polymerize therefore, } } } } I increase the concentration of DDSA, DMP-30 and DBP } } propertionately and tried three different } combinations } } but still i find the incomplete polymerization. } } } } I didnt understad why blocks are not plymerizing } } completly. } } May I have your suggestions comment please. } } } } I thank you in advance } } Regards } Arti Harle } Scientist } } } } } __________________________________ } Do you Yahoo!? } Check out the new Yahoo! Front Page. } www.yahoo.com } } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 9 13:55:54 2004
I've had our ESEM checked every year by the "radiation inspectors", as per Canadian government requirements, but they never find any leaks.
F.C. Thomas FThomas-at-NRCan.gc.ca, 902-426-4635, facsimile 902-426-6152 GSC Atlantic Natural Resources Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2 Ressources naturelles Canada, l'Institut Oceanographique du Bedford, B.P. 1006, Dartmouth, (Nouvelle-Ecosse) B2Y 4A2 Government of Canada/Gouvernement du Canada
-----Original Message----- } From: Alan Stone [mailto:as-at-astonmet.com] Sent: Tuesday, November 09, 2004 11:41 AM To: mingram-at-rohmhaas.com Cc: microscopy-at-microscopy.com
Mike,
The state of Illinois used to require radiation surveys, but they deemed that SEMs pose no risk for leakage. Vacuum requirements to turn on the beam ensure that you don't have a major mechanical breach.
Alan Stone ASTON
At 07:32 AM 11/9/2004, you wrote:
} --------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Alan Stone ASTON Metallurgical Services Co., Inc. 200 Larkin Drive Ste A Wheeling, IL 60090 847/353-8100 www.astonmet.com
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 9 19:44:32 2004
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (mikeraj-at-streamyx.com) from http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Tuesday, November 9, 2004 at 09:53:42 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question: I would like to understand the difference between quantitative and semi-quantitative EDS analysis ? What are the differences between them ? Thanks !
My personal experience is mostly with analog cameras, so my answer is may be not complete.
In a CCD camera which provides an analog videosignal (NTSC or PAL) the pixel-grid of the camera is resampled into a video signal, where NTSC is 525/60 Lines/Field and PAL is 625/50 Lines/Field.
So even if one line of the CCD-grid has more than 525 individual elements, this will be resampled to 525 lines in a NTSC video signal. The discrete pixelation of the image is smoothed into an analog representation.
The framegrabber resamples this analog signal back into an digital image with 525 lines (NTSC). An 8-bit framegrabber will resample the voltage range of the videosignal into values ranging from 0 to 255. This approach was done to make digital CCD cameras compatible with old analog video systems.
This is one component which contributes to what you may see in an image from your analog camera.
In the digital camera this back an forth conversion from digital to analog and back to digital does not happen and what you get is the "raw" pixelation at the CCD-grid.
If you sample the CCD-pixels at 8- or 12-bit, you express the dynamic range of the CCD into a different subsampling. If you sample a CCD with the same physical characteristics at 12-bit (4096 levels) or 8-bit (256 levels) you will have a finer or coarser redout for the same dynamic range. The 8-bit readout will average adjacent grey levels into 1/128 size steps of the 12-bit system.
From what I understand the digital 12-bit image may look "uglier", but better represents what a CCD-grid "sees".
Regards,
Peter
=================================================================================== Tobias Baskin wrote: } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } Greetings, } This question concerns the way cameras digitize gray levels. I have } two cameras in my lab, one is an analog CCD camera (meaning it puts out } an NSTC composite video signal), about a dozen years old, and connected } to a frame grabber card in a computer; the other is a new digital ccd } camera (meaning built in "frame grabber") with acquisition software on } the computer. When I look at the image histograms of the same object } taken with the two cameras, the histograms are different. In particular, } while the older camera generates a more or less smooth curve, the newer } one generates a really noisy curve with the number of pixels at adjacent } gray levels differing substantially. To put this intuatively, the new } camera seems to be noisy in gray-level space. Does anyone know why the } two set ups should digitize so differently? } } Now (just to confuse matters) it is true that the new camera } captures 12-bit images and the old one just 8-bit, but I don't see why } having more gray levels should substantially increase the digitization } noise. (the increase is not small, it really obvious). } } Thanks for any insight into this. } } Tobias
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 04:08:58 2004
Please continue with radiation checks on electron microscopes. Our SEM started leaking (30KV only) after 22 years. We are now constructing a lead bucket (inverted!) to contain the leak.
Dave
-----Original Message----- } From: by way of MicroscopyListserver [mailto:mingram-at-rohmhaas.com] Sent: 09 November 2004 13:33 To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (mingram-at-rohmhaas.com) from http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Tuesday, November 9, 2004 at 07:07:37 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---
Email: mingram-at-rohmhaas.com Name: Mike Ingram
Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] SEM and X-rays
Question: All,
Has anyone who has been monitoring their SEM for X-ray leakage found any problems?
} Question: I would like to understand the difference between } quantitative and semi-quantitative EDS analysis ? What are the } differences between them ? Thanks !
My 1st response is that "quantitative" numbers come with an error analysis .. but hardly any EDS analysis does. In the context of EDS, qunatitative would imply "each element measured against its reference standard" ... and "semi-quantitative" would only imply an attempt to convert x-ray counts to weight percent ... either by some standardless method, or by at least scaling the spectrum with a minimum of standards (usually one).
There might be a very simple explanation for what you see.
First: Is the histogram really noisy or is it spiky?
I'm assuming that neighboring values in the histogram are very different but in a systematic way.
In that case it could simply mean that you've digitized the image twice by the time it reaches the computer, once to 12 bits in the camera and then to 8 bits to import it into the software you use for calculating the histogram.
What you see could be an effect of this two-step rounding procedure, which can make every second 8-bit value more frequent than the neighboring one, if the quantization levels don't happen to be exactly matched.
For (the extremest) example let's say you have output values 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 etc. from the first digitization and you requantize these at the levels 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 etc. to produce new output values 0, 1, 2, 3 etc. The inputs 0 and 1 will both be output as 0, The input 2 will be output as 1, The inputs 3 and 4 will both be output as 2, and so on.
You see that even outputs will be twice as frequent as odd ones.
Maybe it's that.
Philip
-----Original Message----- } From: Tobias Baskin [mailto:baskin-at-bio.umass.edu] Sent: 09 November 2004 19:41 To: microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com
Greetings, This question concerns the way cameras digitize gray levels. I have two cameras in my lab, one is an analog CCD camera (meaning it puts out an NSTC composite video signal), about a dozen years old, and connected to a frame grabber card in a computer; the other is a new digital ccd camera (meaning built in "frame grabber") with acquisition software on the computer. When I look at the image histograms of the same object taken with the two cameras, the histograms are different. In particular, while the older camera generates a more or less smooth curve, the newer one generates a really noisy curve with the number of pixels at adjacent gray levels differing substantially. To put this intuatively, the new camera seems to be noisy in gray-level space. Does anyone know why the two set ups should digitize so differently?
Now (just to confuse matters) it is true that the new camera captures 12-bit images and the old one just 8-bit, but I don't see why having more gray levels should substantially increase the digitization noise. (the increase is not small, it really obvious).
Dave These things do not just happen spontaneously. Presumably some change in the shielding has occurred since manufacture. Can this be put down to wear and tear, or has some critical item of the original shielding been damaged or removed? Chris
Dr. Chris Jeffree University of Edinburgh
----- Original Message ----- } From: "David Patton" {David.Patton-at-uwe.ac.uk} To: {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} Sent: Wednesday, November 10, 2004 10:24 AM
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (leem-at-unorth.ac.za) from http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Wednesday, November 10, 2004 at 06:15:43 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: leem-at-unorth.ac.za Name: Mike
Organization: University of the North
Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] Quantitative versus semi-quantitative
Question: As I understand this issue, "Either a method is quantitative or it is qualitative". Two methods could be quantitative with a differing degree of uncertainty. Therefore semi-quantitaive does not exist. Regards Mike Lee
Where does it leak ? I suppose it is diffusion, but with the beam current used in a SEM (a few pA up to a few 100 nA), I don't imagine what measuable leaks you may have. Doing the X-ray generators control in our lab, I'm quite familiar with these questions. But on a SEM, I don't see what is possible. What kind of counter do you use to check the leakage ?
J. Faerber IPCMS-GSI (Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Groupe Surface et Interfaces) 23, rue de Loess ; BP43 67034 Strasbourg CEDEX 2 France
} } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Please continue with radiation checks on electron microscopes. Our SEM } started leaking (30KV only) after 22 years. We are now constructing a } lead bucket (inverted!) to contain the leak. } } Dave } } -----Original Message----- } } From: by way of MicroscopyListserver [mailto:mingram-at-rohmhaas.com] } Sent: 09 November 2004 13:33 } To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } Subject: [Microscopy] viaWWW: SEM and X-rays } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } ------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } ------- } } Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was } submitted by (mingram-at-rohmhaas.com) from } http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Tuesday, } November 9, 2004 at 07:07:37 } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } --- } } Email: mingram-at-rohmhaas.com } Name: Mike Ingram } } Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] SEM and X-rays } } Question: All, } } Has anyone who has been monitoring their SEM for X-ray leakage found any } problems? } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } --- } } } } This incoming email to UWE has been independently scanned for viruses } and any virus detected has been removed using McAfee anti-virus software } } } } This email has been independently scanned for viruses and any virus detected has been removed using McAfee anti-virus software } } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 08:19:12 2004
SEM WORKSHOP November 19th 2004 Presented by: Midwest Microscopy and Microanalysis Society Affiliate of the Microscopy Society of America and the Microbeam Analysis Society of America
RSVP to:
Mr. Arvid Casler Federal Mogul Sealing Systems 7450 N. McCormick Blvd. Skokie, IL 60076-8103 Tel: 847-568-2016 Fax: 847-568-1925 Email: arvid_casler-at-fmo.com
Note: Respondents will be responsible for registration fees
8:00AM 5:00PM
Baxter Corporate Headquarters Deerfield, IL (Directions below)
Registration Fees
MMMS members: before Nov. 12th - $ 25.00 after Nov. 12th - $ 35.00 Non-members: before Nov. 12th - $35.00, after Nov 12th -$ 45.00 (MMMS membership included in fee) Students: before Nov. 12th - $15.00, after Nov 12th - $ 25.00 (MMMS Student membership $5)
8:00AM 8:45AM Setup and registration
8:45 10:15AM James Pawley, University of Wisconsin, What FE does for SEM?
Abstract Nowadays operation of the SEM at 1.5 kV or even 500v for high resolution topographic imaging has become so commonplace that it is easy to forget that it was not always thus. High resolution SEM at low beam voltage is poses a number of important technological challenges.
This talk we will review the rationale for making the effort to overcome these obstacles: Why is it worth it? It will also outline the technological developments that were needed to make it a reality.
10:15 10:45AM Break
10:45AM 12:15PM John Mackenzie, North Carolina State University, From Grains to Pixels: Digital Imaging Today
Abstract Digital imaging continues to encroach on the tasks formally performed using wet silver halide photography. The improvements in inkjet technology continue to advance with no sign yet of a ceiling. Although still a fair way from matching photographic resolution at the grain level, the inkjet resolution has matched the photographic resolution at the visual level. Although cameras are available for the TEM are available, they are extremely costly and inferior to film. Flatbed scanners do offer a strikingly inexpensive alternative. The performance of these is currently remarkable and they also show little sign of reaching a ceiling. Finally, the core software for digital imaging is Adobe Photoshop. Photoshop continues to in ways that may improve it's utility to scientists in the future.
12:15PM 1:15PM LUNCH Included
1:15PM 2:45PM Alwyn Eades, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania EBSD: An established technique and some new results.
Abstract Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has, historically, had two great strengths in the characterization of materials. The power of the instrument to form images of the sample, up to very high resolution, has provided excellent information on the morphology of samples. The addition of energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) has made local chemical analysis of samples possible and, indeed, routine. This information on the shape and composition of samples has only more recently become complemented by crystallographic information on the samples through electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD).
The importance of this third facet of the characterization of materials is so great that EBSD has become a standard technique in a very few years. For scanning electron microscopes that are to be used for the study of materials, it will very soon be (if it is not already) standard to order an SEM with EBSD just as it is standard to order it with EDS.
The applications of Electron Backscattering Diffraction may currently be separated into two groups. On the one hand, EBSD may be used to identify an unknown phase within the sample. On the other hand, when the sample consists of a known phase or phases, EBSD can be used to make orientation maps, which, in turn, can be used to determine: texture, grain size, strain, crystal quality, the character of grain boundaries, and other more complex aspects of the microstructure.
As a new field, EBSD is still rapidly expanding in the tasks that can be performed. It is also the case that aspects of the technique have not been fully explored. Work at Lehigh has been extending the ability of EBSD to determine local strain in samples and eliminating artifacts from the standard analysis methods. Recent work has shown that there is potential benefit in EBSD work from using an energy filter so that the patterns are formed using only those electrons that have energies close to the energy of the incident beam.
2:45 3:15PM Break
3:15 4:45PM Dennis Ward, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Microanalysis A New Tool in Combating Terrorism
Abstract All of the intelligence agencies in the US have been tasked with the unprecedented challenge of shifting their focus from traditional criminalistics to investigating threats of terrorism. Some have been reorganized under the umbrella of the Department of Homeland Security and others, such as the FBI, continue to provide investigative services independently. To succeed in the effort, we have had to identify and implement enhancements that would benefit our investigative capabilities. Locally, these include construction of an archival utility for microanalysis, a rapid response initiative for elemental analysis, and establishment of a mechanism for technical communications.
As our need to provide characterization of potential weapons of mass destruction (WMD) has increased, we have realized the potential of "signature analysis" direct spectral comparisons for providing presumptive identification of questioned materials. Today's advances in computer technology have permitted construction of a relational database of reference materials. The core data of each record is the x-ray spectrum, but also includes pertinent manufacturer data, laboratory and instrumental data, reference material data, and other information. A "stand-alone" utility (Spectral Library Identification and Classification Explorer SLICE) has been completed, and we currently are considering a networking utility to permit data sharing between all forensic laboratories. We have successfully used this resource for presumptive identification of materials purported to be WMD, and in these cases have provided significant investigative direction.
The FBI laboratory is required to provide immediate, remote assessment of materials of forensic significance at crime scenes and disaster sites. Elemental analysis is not presently available in a mission-oriented, portable configuration. We have an initiative established to interface SLICE to recently developed mini XRF in order to provide presumptive identification of a variety of materials in the field. It is anticipated that this configuration will offer an important resource to evidence recovery operations.
In order to provide a platform for rapid, technical communications between investigators using these related technologies, a secure listserve was established. It provides a link between every forensic laboratory in the Western world.
We anticipate that these initiatives may also be useful in the non-forensic arena, and therefore look forward to establishing mutually productive collaboration with other federal and private agencies.
From South (O'Hare Airport): I-294 (Tri State Tollway) north to the merge with I-94 (west) towards Milwaukee. North on I-94 to Lake Cook Road exit (50 cents exact change toll). Turn left (west) to first light, Saunders Road. Turn right on Saunders to Baxter Parkway. Turn right on Baxter Parkway . Turn right. Follow sings to Visitor parking in garage. See Deerfield Campus Map and proceed to "Cafeteria, Auditorium, Reception" building on ground level.
From South (Edens): North to the merge with I-94 (west) towards Milwaukee on Edens Spur. Exit on Deerfield Road. Turn left (west), then take left on Saunders Road. Turn left on Baxter parkway. Turn right. Follow sings to Visitor parking. See Deerfield Campus Map and proceed to "Cafeteria, Auditorium, Reception" building on ground level.
From North (Milwaukee): From I-94 east, going south towards Chicago exit at Lake Cook Road exit (50 cents exact change toll). Turn right (west) to first light, Saunders Road. Turn right on Saunders to Baxter Parkway. Turn right on Baxter Parkway. Turn right. Follow sings to Visitor parking. See Deerfield Campus Map and proceed to "Cafeteria, Auditorium, Reception" building on ground level.
There is a special rate at the Holiday Inn and Suites available for this meeting, the rate is $ 79.99(ask for the Baxter rate)
Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites CHICAGO-DEERFIELD/LINCOLNSHIRE 2600 LAKE COOK ROAD RIVERWOODS, IL 60015 UNITED STATES Tel: 1-847-3740260 Fax: 1-847-3740535
Alan W Nicholls, PhD Director of Research Service Facility (Electron Microscopy) Research Resources Center - East (M/C 337) Room 100 Science and Engineering South Building The University of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor St Chicago, IL 60607-7058
David Patton wrote: ==================================================== Please continue with radiation checks on electron microscopes. Our SEM started leaking (30KV only) after 22 years. We are now constructing a lead bucket (inverted!) to contain the leak. ===================================================== Could you tell us more about this leak, which microscope and model you have, where the leak is occurring, and help others assess whether that kind of problem could be occurring on their instruments as well.
Conventional wisdom (I think) has suggested that this is something that would not be happening. The hypothesis I have always been told is that for an SEM to leak radiation, it would have to be so misaligned that you would have a vacuum leak and therefore no beam in the first place....and you are suggesting this is misguided thinking. The exception to this was the case where there were radiation leaks at the column adjustment knobs and the exposure would be confined to one's fingers.
Chuck
PS: Please remember that we are nearly 100% paperless and we would ask that any reply to this message be by way of the "reply" feature on your software, so that the entire string of correspondence can come back to us and all be in one place.
=================================================== Charles A. Garber, Ph. D. Ph: 1-(610)-436-5400 President 1-(800)-2424-SPI SPI SUPPLIES FAX: 1-(610)-436-5755 PO BOX 656 e-mail: cgarber-at-2spi.com West Chester, PA 19381-0656 USA Cust. Service: spi2spi-at-2spi.com
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 09:06:59 2004
I agree. It's either quantitative or it isn't. Degree of uncertainty in quantification is a function of many things. There may be some confusion with "semi-quantitative" and "standardless" quantification. Again, there is no semi-quantitative analysis.
Peter Tomic Agere Systems Allentown, PA
-----Original Message----- } From: by way of MicroscopyListserver [mailto:leem-at-unorth.ac.za] Sent: Wednesday, November 10, 2004 8:29 AM To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (leem-at-unorth.ac.za) from http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Wednesday, November 10, 2004 at 06:15:43 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---
Email: leem-at-unorth.ac.za Name: Mike
Organization: University of the North
Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] Quantitative versus semi-quantitative
Question: As I understand this issue, "Either a method is quantitative or it is qualitative". Two methods could be quantitative with a differing degree of uncertainty. Therefore semi-quantitaive does not exist. Regards Mike Lee
Standards are samples from a known concentration acquired with the same beam conditions (Primary energie, beam current, counting time, beam geometrie) than the unknown sample.
"Something" is the matric correction, ZAF or phirhozed, etc. It describe what hapends in the sample between electrons and atomes, giving photons, and the relation between what has been measured and what has been emited in the sample under these conditions. There is a directe proportionality between the number of atoms from one element and the number of photons emited, but the emited photons are not the detected ones.
Quantitative will perform the former completely. You need the standards, for each element and much time to do the measurments, and much care and much more....
In a Semi-quantitaive analysis, the standard will be replaced by a false standard, a computation which takes in account all parameters/performences of the theorie and hardware, to give the "best" result possible. That result will always give a total concentration of 100%, even if you have forgotten one element in the quantification list ! If you forget the Mo in a 316l-stainless steel, the total will be 100%, without the 3% Mo. If you have forgotten the iron... No comments
In quantitative analysis, the total will be... the reality of what you have detected, declared, convolutated with the care in the measurements and the accuracy on the standards. If you forget the Mo in that 316l-stainless steel again, you'll have a total of 95-99% and not 98-102%.
Something more : in quantitative analysis, the standards are measured with the same hardware than the unknown. So a part of the hardware parameters (and defects, such as tailing or non linearity of the detector) are the same for both and don't play much in the computation. That will give better accuracy in the result, and is not the case in semi-quantitaive.
Hope it helps
Lister, correct me if some is wrong or unclear !
J. Faerber IPCMS-GSI (Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Groupe Surface et Interfaces) 23, rue de Loess ; BP43 67034 Strasbourg CEDEX 2 France
On Wed, 10 Nov 2004, by way of MicroscopyListserver wrote:
} } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (leem-at-unorth.ac.za) from http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Wednesday, November 10, 2004 at 06:15:43 } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Email: leem-at-unorth.ac.za } Name: Mike } } Organization: University of the North } } Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] Quantitative versus semi-quantitative } } Question: As I understand this issue, "Either a method is quantitative or it is qualitative". Two methods could be quantitative with a differing degree of uncertainty. Therefore semi-quantitaive does not exist. } Regards } Mike Lee } } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 10:47:22 2004
We paid a yearly radiation fee to New Jersey ($106/SEM). The Radiation Physicist who did our original radiation survey told me that he has never found a leaky SEM. Apparently some R&D people at Bell Labs used their SEM to study electron beam lithography and this triggered all this fuss. I have been informed after our last inspection that our lab will not have any further NJDEP inspections unless we purchase another SEM.
FYI: NJDEP regulations exclude TV. TV often will run at 3,000,000 times the current of a tungsten filament SEM and at 25-30 kV.
Dr. J. Roy Nelson Material Testing Lab Pennington, NJ 08534
On Nov 9, 2004, at 8:32 AM, by way of MicroscopyListserver wrote:
} } } ----------------------------------------------------------------------- } ------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ----------------------------------------------------------------------- } -------- } } Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was } submitted by (mingram-at-rohmhaas.com) from } http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Tuesday, } November 9, 2004 at 07:07:37 } ----------------------------------------------------------------------- } ---- } } Email: mingram-at-rohmhaas.com } Name: Mike Ingram } } Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] SEM and X-rays } } Question: All, } } Has anyone who has been monitoring their SEM for X-ray leakage found } any problems? } } ----------------------------------------------------------------------- } ---- }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 11:28:08 2004
Greg; What happened to the DVD of David Muller's superb tutorial on STEM presented in Savannah?
John Mardinly Intel
-----Original Message----- } From: Greg Erdos [mailto:gwe-at-biotech.ufl.edu] Sent: Tuesday, November 09, 2004 5:52 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
The following tutorials from the MSA meeting in Savannah are now available on DVD. See the video catalog at this url for details
http://www.biotech.ufl.edu/sems/newtape00.htm
# 266 - Techniques for Electron Tomography. by M. Marko $15.00 #267 - Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry in SEM. By Dale Newbury $15.00 # 268 - Introduction to Electron Holography - by Molly McCartney - $15.00 # 269 - Introduction to Fluorescence and Image Correlation Spectroscopy - by P. Wiseman $15.00
Gregory W. Erdos Ph.D. Assistant Director, Biotechnology Program Scientific Director, Electron Microscopy P.O. Box 118525 217 Carr Hall University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 gwe-at-ufl.edu 352-392-1295 fax- 352-846-0251
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 11:56:37 2004
I was in the front row. There was one person who was livid, almost out of control. I did not sense any disturbing comments by David Muller, but if there were, they were not bad enough to warrant the reaction, and he was just as critical of his own past misunderstandings as he was of anyone else's. Besides, he was commenting on science, not running for office. To withhold this DVD would be a travesty. Should one person's overreaction warrant this action? I think not.
John Mardinly Intel
-----Original Message----- } From: Greg Erdos [mailto:gwe-at-biotech.ufl.edu] Sent: Wednesday, November 10, 2004 9:53 AM To: Mardinly, John
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 12:02:41 2004
} I agree. It's either quantitative or it isn't. Degree of uncertainty } in quantification is a function of many things. There may be some } confusion with "semi-quantitative" and "standardless" quantification. } Again, there is no semi-quantitative analysis.
I'd agree as well ... but there does need be a term for any attempt to quantify, but does not provide confidence versus error analysis. You cannot call it "quantitative", nor can you call it "qualitative". "Semi-quantitative" does seem to fit(?)
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } ------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } ------- } } Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was } submitted by (leem-at-unorth.ac.za) from } http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on } Wednesday, November 10, 2004 at 06:15:43 } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } --- } } Email: leem-at-unorth.ac.za } Name: Mike } } Organization: University of the North } } Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] Quantitative versus } semi-quantitative } } Question: As I understand this issue, "Either a method is quantitative } or it is qualitative". Two methods could be quantitative with a } differing degree of uncertainty. Therefore semi-quantitaive does not } exist. Regards Mike Lee } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } --- } } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 13:18:01 2004
I seem to be getting emails that I assume are supposed to go to the listserver directly from this gentleman. Perhaps someone could help him post correctly?
I get this message every time and included is some sort of text attachment.
"This message uses a character set that is not supported by the Internet Service. To view the original message content, open the attached message. If the text doesn't display correctly, save the attachment to disk, and then open it using a viewer that can display the original character set."
William Giles Senior Electron Microscopist Metallography Lab Coordinator P.O. Box 2128 Henderson, Nevada 89009 (702) 566-4436 (702) 564-9038 (Fax) William.Giles-at-timet.com
*
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 13:31:34 2004
Of course there is the school of thought that holds that, as all elements are present in all samples, it's only a question of whether the level of any particular element is above or below the detection limit of whatever technique you happen to be using at the time.
So that kinda rules out 'qualitative' as a term or concept..................
cheers
rtch
} From: "michael shaffer" {michael-at-shaffer.net} To: "Tomic, Peter (Peter)" {ptomic-at-agere.com} , {microscopy-at-microscopy.com}
Greetings,
We are looking to replace our very old Denton Vacuum Evaporator with a new system. Our main use will be for SEM prep (carbon and Au/Pd), but we also want explore thicker organic and metal deposits for R&D studies. I would like to hear from folks that have recent systems. Do you like them? What would you recommend? What don't you like. Thanks much in advance.
Joseph M. Oparowski Center for Materials Science - Consulting and Failure Analysis Bose Corporation Joseph_Oparowski-at-bose.com The Mountain, M/S 415 Phone: (508) 766-1371 Framingham, MA 01701-9168 Fax: (508) 766-1313
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 15:05:38 2004
I received his posting just fine and there was no attachment. My guess is that your Email service is creating the attachment to report the error.
Just a reminder to all subscribers:
You will never get an attachment of any kind from the Microscopy Listserver all such items are filtered out. If you do receive an Email with an attachment that "says" it is from the Microscopy Listserver it is likely that this is a forged email and probably contains a virus or is spam.
I recommend you immediately delete any Email that says it is from the Listserver that has any attachment, regardless of the apparent sender (even if it appears to be me!).
Nestor Your Friendly Neighborhood SysOp
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
-- =========================================== Dr. Nestor J. Zaluzec Argonne National Lab Materials Science Division/Bldg 212 9700 S. Cass Ave Argonne, Illinois 60439 USA Tel: 630-252-7901, Fax: 630-252-4798 Email: Zaluzec-at-aaem.amc.anl.gov =========================================== TPMLab: http://tpm.amc.anl.gov NEESLab: http://neestpm.mcs.anl.gov MMSite: http://www.amc.anl.gov ===========================================
The box said ... "This program requires Win 95/98/NT or better..." So I bought a G3 Mac !
===========================================
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 15:13:26 2004
I suspect radiation leaks are rare on SEM's. However, I do remember a leak on an SEM which had been modified by the manufacturer to do beam blanking. The glass liner tube installed with the beam blanker had a line of sight through one of the wire feedthroughs on the column. As I recall this was discovered during a state radiation inspection.
Bill
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
We paid a yearly radiation fee to New Jersey ($106/SEM). The Radiation Physicist who did our original radiation survey told me that he has never found a leaky SEM. Apparently some R&D people at Bell Labs used their SEM to study electron beam lithography and this triggered all this fuss. I have been informed after our last inspection that our lab will not have any further NJDEP inspections unless we purchase another SEM.
FYI: NJDEP regulations exclude TV. TV often will run at 3,000,000 times the current of a tungsten filament SEM and at 25-30 kV.
Dr. J. Roy Nelson Material Testing Lab Pennington, NJ 08534
On Nov 9, 2004, at 8:32 AM, by way of MicroscopyListserver wrote:
} } } ----------------------------------------------------------------------- } ------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ----------------------------------------------------------------------- } -------- } } Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was } submitted by (mingram-at-rohmhaas.com) from } http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Tuesday, } November 9, 2004 at 07:07:37 } ----------------------------------------------------------------------- } ---- } } Email: mingram-at-rohmhaas.com } Name: Mike Ingram } } Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] SEM and X-rays } } Question: All, } } Has anyone who has been monitoring their SEM for X-ray leakage found } any problems? } } ----------------------------------------------------------------------- } ---- }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 15:16:00 2004
As a minion in a strictly life science EM facility, I probably ought not to express an opinion on EDS analysis - on the other hand, we have been doing it on "life science" specimens in one way or another since 1979, so I CAN speak to what we used to (pre flood) call "Semi Quantitative EDS". There are times when you don't need or simply can't figure out how to get accurate gram atom amount quantitation in specimens (ie - virtually any LS sample) BUT you need to know the relative amount of some element or another and need to have a portable or comparable number to assess a range of specimens.
To make a longish story short, we have taken as an internal "standard" an element whose peak area above background remains steady when analysed under as nearly identical instrument and speciman prep conditions as possible - say, the calcium level of the thylakoid region of the algal component of a lichen. Knowing that the potassium levels of the same region of the cells is extremely variable when the lichen is exposed to any detectable amount of sulfur derivative stack gasses (or volcano emissions), one can then set up a ratio of the background subtracted potassium peak to the background subtracted calcium peak and then compare the RATIOS across specimens collected from various areas as normalized spectra - say, known distances from a sulfur-containing gas source. You can then build curves that are sort of like dose-response curves and have a baseline to use when assessing the amount of sulfur containing gas that may be/have been present in an area where these lichens grow. Lots of variables, hard to control, certainly NOT quantitative, but more useful that just looking at randomly collected spectra and guessing - hence, the epithet Semi - Quantitative EDS.
Author's note - we haven't done this in anger since the first (in our life times) Mt. St. Helen's eruption - around 20 plus years ago -
Bill Sharp
William P. Sharp Arizona State University School of Life Sciences, box 4501 Tempe, AZ 85287-4501 Phone - (480)-965-3210 Fax - (480)-965-6899
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 16:34:39 2004
On Nov 10, 2004, at 1:12 PM, Oparowski, Joseph wrote:
} We are looking to replace our very old Denton Vacuum Evaporator with a } new } system. Our main use will be for SEM prep (carbon and Au/Pd), but we } also } want explore thicker organic and metal deposits for R&D studies. I } would } like to hear from folks that have recent systems. Do you like them? } What } would you recommend? What don't you like. Thanks much in advance. } Dear Joseph, We bought the Cressington 208 about a year and a half ago for evaporation of carbon and metals, so we needed two power supplies--one for each substance. I like the turbopump feature and the fact that it is a desktop unit, and we have had good performance with it. It takes the unit about half an hour to reach the low 10^-5 range, which can be problematic if you need to evaporate onto many specimens and cannot do them all at once. I cannot say much about long-term reliability, since the unit is still pretty new, but there have been no problems so far. I have no affiliation with either the manufacturer or distributer (Ted Pella) of this equipment except as a satisfied customer. Yours, Bill Tivol, PhD EM Scientist and Manager Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility Broad Center, Mail Code 114-96 California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 (626) 395-8833 tivol-at-caltech.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 17:09:29 2004
We do quantitative x-ray analysis of frozen plant tissues, by using standards which are frozen droplets of known element (ion) concentrations, and analysing them in exactly the same way as we analyse the vacuole or cytoplasm of the plant cells. Both plant tissues and droplets are planed flat in a cryomicrotome, they are given the same etching to remove frost, then coated with Al. Each sample/cell is counted for the same (live-)time, and we check that all SEM parameters are the same each time and as steady as possible. The SEM (JEOL 6400) is usually pretty stable after the first hour. We can go down to about 20 mM for most biologically relevant elements, which is less sensitive than we'd like, but still very useful. The main limitation is the time required to do this....
This method was developed by a colleague, Cheng Huang, who, fortunately for us, works just nearby.
cheers, Rosemary Whtie
Dr. Rosemary White rosemary.white-at-csiro.au Microscopy Centre ph. 61-2-6246 5475 CSIRO Plant Industry mob. 61-0402 835 973 GPO Box 1600 fax. 61-2-6246 5000 Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 19:23:59 2004
I survived Radiation Safety people attack, because it's considered now that my "poor" JEM1200-EX TEM is "X-ray machine"... So, they applied all requirements for radiation safety work on it... This is a bad news, the good news - they excluded SEMs from that black list recently...
X-rays should be detected by special counter, Geiger counter does not react on X-rays. Sergey
At 06:38 AM 11/10/2004, you wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
_____________________________________
Sergey Ryazantsev Ph. D. Electron Microscopy UCLA School of Medicine Department of Biological Chemistry 10833 Le Conte Ave, Room 33-080 Los Angeles, CA 90095
The New York Times had an article this morning about the preservation of electronic data. Since this has been discussed here I thought some of you might be interested in the story. The link is http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/10/technology/10archive.html?hp&ex=1100149200&en=0b6f57f06554be78&ei=5094&partner=homepage
Unfortunately a registration is required (no money, just info). I could have cut and pasted the article but that would likely violate a copyright. It is not a technical article but lists some resources.
cheers, John
******** John S. Vetrano Sr. Research Scientist Materials Structure and Performance Group Pacific Northwest National Laboratory MSIN P8-16 P.O. Box 999 Richland, WA 99352 Phone: (509)372-0724 Fax: (509)376-6308 Email: mailto:john.vetrano-at-pnl.gov
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 21:20:51 2004
I believe the EDX hardware vendors do use the words "standardless quantification." Whether someone understands where the errors may come from in standardless analyses is the real issue, in my opinion.
Peter Tomic Agere Systems
-----Original Message----- } From: Gerroir, Paul [mailto:paul.gerroir-at-xrcc.xeroxlabs.com] Sent: Wednesday, November 10, 2004 2:47 PM To: michael shaffer; Tomic, Peter (Peter); microscopy-at-microscopy.com
Peter writes ...
} I agree. It's either quantitative or it isn't. Degree of uncertainty
} in quantification is a function of many things. There may be some } confusion with "semi-quantitative" and "standardless" quantification. } Again, there is no semi-quantitative analysis.
I'd agree as well ... but there does need be a term for any attempt to quantify, but does not provide confidence versus error analysis. You cannot call it "quantitative", nor can you call it "qualitative". "Semi-quantitative" does seem to fit(?)
} ---------------------------------------------------------------------- } -- } ------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ---------------------------------------------------------------------- } -- } ------- } } Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was } submitted by (leem-at-unorth.ac.za) from } http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on } Wednesday, November 10, 2004 at 06:15:43 } ---------------------------------------------------------------------- } -- } --- } } Email: leem-at-unorth.ac.za } Name: Mike } } Organization: University of the North } } Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] Quantitative versus } semi-quantitative } } Question: As I understand this issue, "Either a method is quantitative
} or it is qualitative". Two methods could be quantitative with a } differing degree of uncertainty. Therefore semi-quantitaive does not } exist. Regards Mike Lee } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------- } -- } --- } } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 10 21:45:37 2004
Perhaps we're taking the semantics too far but I might distill this down by saying that if I were in a court of law testifying as an expert witness I would state that the "quantitative analysis" has caveats similar to what you stated below for LS samples. If one can compare two results under identical analytical conditions one derives a quantity. That, in my opinion, is different than saying an element is there or is not there.
It was just said that a school of thought is that every sample contains an atom of everything [entire periodic table], to paraphrase the statement. That, of course, is a matter of detection limits or sensitivity. I think Deepak Choprah said we all have an atom of Gandhi in our bodies simply due to recycling. If so, I'm not sure the one I have has imparted much wisdom to me in particular. Other atoms from Gandhi may behave differently.
Cheers,
Peter Tomic Agere Systems
-----Original Message----- } From: William P. Sharp [mailto:wsharp-at-asu.edu] Sent: Wednesday, November 10, 2004 4:31 PM To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com
As a minion in a strictly life science EM facility, I probably ought not to express an opinion on EDS analysis - on the other hand, we have been doing it on "life science" specimens in one way or another since 1979, so I CAN speak to what we used to (pre flood) call "Semi Quantitative EDS". There
are times when you don't need or simply can't figure out how to get accurate gram atom amount quantitation in specimens (ie - virtually any LS sample) BUT you need to know the relative amount of some element or another and need to have a portable or comparable number to assess a range of specimens.
To make a longish story short, we have taken as an internal "standard" an element whose peak area above background remains steady when analysed under as nearly identical instrument and speciman prep conditions as possible - say, the calcium level of the thylakoid region of the algal component of a lichen. Knowing that the potassium levels of the same region of the cells is extremely variable when the lichen is exposed to any detectable amount of sulfur derivative stack gasses (or volcano emissions), one can then set up a ratio of the background subtracted potassium peak to the background
subtracted calcium peak and then compare the RATIOS across specimens collected from various areas as normalized spectra - say, known distances from a sulfur-containing gas source. You can then build curves that are sort of like dose-response curves and have a baseline to use when assessing the amount of sulfur containing gas that may be/have been present in an area where these lichens grow. Lots of variables, hard to control, certainly NOT quantitative, but more useful that just looking at randomly collected spectra and guessing - hence, the epithet Semi - Quantitative EDS.
Author's note - we haven't done this in anger since the first (in our life times) Mt. St. Helen's eruption - around 20 plus years ago -
Bill Sharp
William P. Sharp Arizona State University School of Life Sciences, box 4501 Tempe, AZ 85287-4501 Phone - (480)-965-3210 Fax - (480)-965-6899
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 11 01:29:31 2004
Dear All, We would like to purchase one low-temperature stage (LN2 cooled) for our JEOL 2010 UHR (with URP 22 pole piece). I am aware of GATAN make and have contacts from them. I am wondering whether are there any other manufacturer who can supply low-temperature stage for our machine? Information may be given off-line also. Best regards Satyam -- Dr. P. V. Satyam TEM Laboratory Institute of Physics Sachivalaya marg Bhubaneswar - 751005 India Fax:+91-674-230 0142 Tel:+91-674-230 1058 extn 229 email:tem_iopb-at-iopb.res.in
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 11 02:36:27 2004
'Semi-quantitative analysis' is an expression we have been using for several years to ensure that our students appreciate the limitations of standardless analyses. It is a very useful shorthand expression to distinguish between a full quantitative analysis and a less rigorous standardless analysis.
This does not affect the argument that an analysis is either qualitative or quantitative with different degrees of accuracy (or uncertainty) associated with the quantitative analyses.
Most of our users accept the limitations of using a semi-quantitative analysis technique instead of making up reference standards but at least they should understand the limitations and they can take steps to improve their results. It is too easy for an unaware user to accept the computer's 'quantiative' analysis to several decimal places without questioning it.
Regards, Ron
On Wed, 10 Nov 2004 07:29:02 -0600 by way of MicroscopyListserver {leem-at-unorth.ac.za} wrote:
} } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (leem-at-unorth.ac.za) from http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Wednesday, November 10, 2004 at 06:15:43 } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Email: leem-at-unorth.ac.za } Name: Mike } } Organization: University of the North } } Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] Quantitative versus semi-quantitative } } Question: As I understand this issue, "Either a method is quantitative or it is qualitative". Two methods could be quantitative with a differing degree of uncertainty. Therefore semi-quantitaive does not exist. } Regards } Mike Lee } } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } }
---------------------- Mr. R.C. Doole Department of Materials, University of Oxford. Parks Road, Oxford. OX1 3PH. UK. Phone +44 (0) 1865 273701 Fax +44 (0) 1865 283333 ron.doole-at-materials.ox.ac.uk http://www-em.materials.ox.ac.uk/ *********************************
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 11 02:37:13 2004
Wednesday 17thNovember 2004, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, nr Edinburgh
Late registration for this meeting via
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/emunit/smg2004.htm
also a programme is available at
http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/II/SMGSymp2004.pdf
and the directions for getting there by road are at
http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/II/map.pdf
There are over 20 companies represented in the Trade Exhibition accompanying this meeting.
All welcome but registration forms should be FAXed to Stephan Helfer at 0131 248 2901 to assess numbers for catering. This can be followed by payment made on arrival.
Dr Laurence Tetley Division of Infection & Immunity, IBLS, Integrated Microscopy Facility Joseph Black Building University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ
l.tetley-at-bio.gla.ac.uk tel 0141 330 4431 FAX 0141 330 3516
Bill, We have the 208 and our pump time is much shorter than 30 min. In fact it can be as short as 5-10 min if we do not have the bell jar open for an extended period of time. Are you fighting high humidity in your lab that could account for the long pump-down time?
Debby
Debby Sherman, Manager Phone: 765-494-6666 Life Science Microscopy Facility FAX: 765-494-5896 Purdue University E-mail: dsherman-at-purdue.edu S-052 Whistler Building 170 S. University Street West Lafayette, IN 47907 http://www3.agriculture.purdue.edu/microscopy
On 11/10/04 6:00 PM, "Bill Tivol" {tivol-at-caltech.edu} wrote:
} } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------} - } } } On Nov 10, 2004, at 1:12 PM, Oparowski, Joseph wrote: } } } We are looking to replace our very old Denton Vacuum Evaporator with a } } new } } system. Our main use will be for SEM prep (carbon and Au/Pd), but we } } also } } want explore thicker organic and metal deposits for R&D studies. I } } would } } like to hear from folks that have recent systems. Do you like them? } } What } } would you recommend? What don't you like. Thanks much in advance. } } } Dear Joseph, } We bought the Cressington 208 about a year and a half ago for } evaporation of carbon and metals, so we needed two power supplies--one } for each substance. I like the turbopump feature and the fact that it } is a desktop unit, and we have had good performance with it. It takes } the unit about half an hour to reach the low 10^-5 range, which can be } problematic if you need to evaporate onto many specimens and cannot do } them all at once. I cannot say much about long-term reliability, since } the unit is still pretty new, but there have been no problems so far. } I have no affiliation with either the manufacturer or distributer (Ted } Pella) of this equipment except as a satisfied customer. } Yours, } Bill Tivol, PhD } EM Scientist and Manager } Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility } Broad Center, Mail Code 114-96 } California Institute of Technology } Pasadena CA 91125 } (626) 395-8833 } tivol-at-caltech.edu } } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 11 17:49:35 2004
I have a Leitz Ergolux with a broken focus mechanism and needs repairs. Given the 20 year age of this model, Leica USA says it must go to Leica Germany for repairs. Does anyone on the list have any qualified US third-party repair sources?
I'm expecting a repair manual for the Ergolux any day so I should be able to identify the parts for the repair. The replacement parts are still available from Leica Germany.
Thanks for your help.
Doug Baldwin
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 11 20:05:53 2004
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (somayyeh_kheiri-at-yahoo.com) from http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Thursday, November 11, 2004 at 12:39:42 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Email: rmwang-at-berkeley.edu Name: Rongming Wang
Organization: National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Question: I am looking for some person who know how to use the software ìamiraî. I want to do tomography of some nanoparticles. I have used the TOM software and got files with .em and .vol extension and want to use amira for visualization. Or if the amira software can deal with all these from the series images taken from TEM?
I have problem as following:- I need to know the relationship between spatial frequency, noise and SEM magnification. I am not sure the following is true, please kindly correct me. Thanks
When typical specimen elements of an image occupy several image pixels, the image itself will have suitable spatial components, i.e. rich information in low spatial frequency element. Usually digital filtering imaging system itself is in fact a low pass filter process, and high frequency component will be treated as noise. Therefore in an image with high magnification, the signal's spatial elements located at low frequency, it is then easier to filter out high frequency element - noise. In another trend for an image with low magnification while the signals will distribute at the high frequency side. That is to say, some signals of useful information will be considered as noise, in particular in actual high SNR case.
Pleaes kindly comment with many thanks Ks.
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 12 05:29:19 2004
The Proceedings of the conference will be published and the final
call for papers has now been issued. Abstracts (deadline 3
DECEMBER 2004) should be submitted by E-mail to {underline} {color} {param} 0000,7F00,0000 {/param} lucy-at-rms.org.uk {/underline} {/color} .
Additional general conference information can be obtained from the
Secretariat at the RMS ( {underline} {color} {param} 0000,7F00,0000 {/param} lucy-at-rms.org.uk {/underline} {/color} ). The conference
Chairmen are Prof Tony Cullis ( {underline} {color} {param} 0000,8000,0000 {/param} a.g.cullis-at-sheffield.ac.uk {/underline} {/color} ) and Dr
John Hutchison ( {underline} {color} {param} 0000,8000,0000 {/param} john.hutchison-at-materials.ox.ac.uk {/underline} {/color} ), who may be contacted with any scientific programme enquiries.
************************************************
{nofill} Professor Tony Cullis FRS Dept of Electronic and Electrical Eng University of Sheffield Mappin Street Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
To Mike Marks and all, who have interest to this topic!
I agre with Mike Lee: /As I understand this issue, "Either a method is quantitative or it is /qualitative". Two methods could be quantitative with a differing /of uncertainty. Therefore semi-quantitaive does not exist.
My contribution: There is no 'semiquantitative analysis'. The reasons are:
First: Even, there does not exists really a pure qualitative analysis. In any case 'qualitative' results should be reported only together with some remarks for which elements are not detectable (e.g. Carbon if EDX with Be-window is used) and that all other elements are below the detection limit (e.g. between 0.1 to 0.3 % with EDX in EPMA / sometimes more / depends from acquisition time, element overlaps, ...). If not, incorrect decisions are risked, because the results-user may be is not informed, that the detection limits are not in order of magnitude of ppm or ppb, possible to analyze with other analytical techniques.
Second: In the past, 'semiquantitativ anaysis' was used for 'stanardless analysis'. But this is wrong because there is the indication, that standardless is not really quantitative. But, both principle methods (with or without standards) have errors sources. The advantages are with standard comparison analysis in case of well defined specimens (flat, polished) and a good known set of standards. Finally, if the standard is with identical concentrations, the errors are reduced only to statistic and systematic errors of data acquisition. But if the analyst has to analyze rough surfaces, particles or other not well defined specimens (in most cases given in SEM), the standardless method is the first choice even from the point of view of errors. In such cases no standards are really available. The errors of standardless analysis are possible to get 3% and less (relatively, concentrations } 5% absolute), even in case of irregular surfaces (P/B-method). And, using P/B methods, even an absolut determination of element concentrations is given. No normalization to 100% is necessary. The normalization to 100 per cent is truly bad, like Jacques has indicated. But modern standardless analysis has no longer an automatical normalization of results.
Third: May be some analysts are using 'semiguantitative analysis' for EDX systems, because the WDX has better detection limits and (sometimes not ever) results with higher accuracy and precision. They claim, only WDX analysis results are 'quantitative'. But the detection limits are only better of factor ten. Then, all spectrometry methods in electron microscopes are 'semi quantitative' from the point of view of other analytical methods (XRF, HPLC, optical spectrometry, ...), because 0.01 per cent (or 100 ppm) are bad from their point of view.
Finally: We should not longer use the term 'semi-quantitative'. It was used to discredit EDX or standardless analysis, as well. If an EPMA-result is reported, an error should be given for each element concentration result (calculated errors with error propagation with all statistical and systematical errors). The true errors of so called 'only quantitative' method of standard comparison procedure can be much higher than standardless. It depends e.g. from acquisition time and other influences (see above). Unfortunately most commercial programs does not have a proper error calculation (most cases only the statistic error of net counts). That is why Ron wrote: /It is too easy for an unaware user to accept the /computer's 'quantiative' analysis to several decimal places /without questioning it. But whatever, standardless is quantitative. Errors are a little bit higher in comparison to well defined standard-comparison, but not in any cases! If there is a not well defined specimen, the analyst can rely on standardless methods much more (without 100 per cent normalization!). The normalization e.g. of net counts to 100 per cent and reporting of these results... is simple wrong. The non-linear excitation and absorption interactions in specimen are the reasons, that simple normalization does not match. These kind of results are never quantitative, from all point of view. Better is, to have no analysis results or only qualitative list of elements (but take into mind: chapter 'First').
You are correct. It is inappropriate to use the same filter for the two different images. A filter should be tuned to the frequency content of the information contained in the image. If the image components and noise are of similar spatial frequencies then at least some noise will necessarily be passed along with the image components. Otherwise, your other choice is to attenuate the noise to a greater degree at the expense of the high frequency components of the image.
Simple low pass filtering is not the only option, though. Pattern noise, such as diagonal bands, can be effectively removed in the frequency domain without destroying the high frequency content of the entire image, for example. Also, for spike noise, median filters can be very effective at maintaining high frequency image information (edges) while dramatically reducing the noise.
Bruce Girrell
} Usually digital filtering imaging system } itself is in fact a low pass filter process, and high frequency component } will be treated as noise. Therefore in an image with high } magnification, the } signal's spatial elements located at low frequency, it is then easier to } filter out high frequency element - noise.
} In another trend for an image } with low magnification while the signals will distribute at the high } frequency side. That is to say, some signals of useful information will be } considered as noise, in particular in actual high SNR case.
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 12 11:46:00 2004
We also purchased a 208, at least 2 yrs ago now in my previous position. Our pump down time was quite short compared to 30 min. indicated by Bill Tivol in his note. The unit was easy to use i.e. user friendly, and required only minimum maintenance. We had one carbon, and two metal evaporation sources for high and low angle. We ordered a rotary accessory however never received that. This was important to us for SEM biological samples or any samples with very rough topography. We had many users, and still had no problems. This was in general one of the best evaporators I've purchased over the many years of my microscopy career. I have no affiliation with the manufacturer of this equipment except as a satisfied customer.
Cheers, Judy Murphy Stockton, CA
Oparowski, Joseph wrote:
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 12 12:31:16 2004
Doug; I know of two: Optotek Box 2140 Los Gatos, CA 95031-2140 Contact Klaus Ryser, (800) 924-6023
SERCO Technical Services, Inc. 12520 Morgan Territory Road Livermore, CA 94551 Contact Emile Meylan, 800 (483) 0508
John Mardinly Intel
-----Original Message----- } From: Doug Baldwin [mailto:dougbaldwin-at-mindspring.com] Sent: Thursday, November 11, 2004 4:05 PM To: microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com
I have a Leitz Ergolux with a broken focus mechanism and needs repairs. Given the 20 year age of this model, Leica USA says it must go to Leica Germany for repairs. Does anyone on the list have any qualified US third-party repair sources?
I'm expecting a repair manual for the Ergolux any day so I should be able to identify the parts for the repair. The replacement parts are still available from Leica Germany.
Thanks for your help.
Doug Baldwin
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 12 13:50:48 2004
We are interesting in buying a LVEM 5 microscopy. I really appreciate anyinformation or any advice about it I am sending you the web page of it: http://www.lv-em.com/ Thank you in advance
Dr. Carina Ferrari
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 12 17:51:58 2004
The following is forwarded from San Joaquin Delta College in Stockton, CA. Sorry for the short notice, I just received it myself. Briefly, this is a technical position at a community college. Lots of interaction with students. Twelve months a year, they list salary at $ 3034 - 3687/mo. Follow the link below for the details.
} } Hi folks, } } I believe that the best way to advertise for our open EM Technician } Position is through the EM community itself. So I'm asking you to } forward this email to anyone who might be interested in applying for the } position. } } Links to the job description and application forms can be found at: } } http://www.deltacollege.edu/dept/hr/classified.html } } The application deadline is December 3, so there isn't much time. } } Thanks for your help! }
Jonathan Krupp Microscopy & Imaging Lab University of California Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (831) 459-2477 jmkrupp-at-cats.ucsc.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Sat Nov 13 08:57:09 2004
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (cherry.greiner-at-tufts.edu) from http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Friday, November 12, 2004 at 16:04:32 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question: I have a used Leica Orthoplan UV microscope, a non-infity corrected microscope that I am aligning. I'd like to understand what the optics are doing for reflected illumination. The instruction manual only describes transmission illumination.
I am coupling a collimated beam from a lamp (+condenser). First element my input beam encouters in the microscope is a lens with a focal length of } 100 mm, 2nd element is a smaller lens and an aperture diaphragm followed by a field diagphragm, splitter then objective. The 2nd smaller lens is only 90 mm from the first lens. Not sure why this is located { focal lenght of first lens. I am assuming that because they have 2 lenses, I'm suppose to have a collimated beam after my 2nd lens which is not true in this case. Can anyone give me any idea what the purpose of each lens and if these lenses are at the correct location? Anyone familiar with this microscope?
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Question: I am looking for an Olympus MTV-S video adapter with lens. I also would like to find an NFK 6.7x LD. for the Olympus trinocular head for the BHT system. Does anyone have either or both of these items for sale or swap?
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Email: Bstud-at-yandex.ru Name: Andrey
Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] monte CArlo SImulation of electroN trajectory in sOlids
Question: Please, help me to use this program. It has a strange option "Surface radius of BE". Answer, if you know, what it means.
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (kssim-at-mmu.edu.my) from http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Friday, November 12, 2004 at 05:06:22 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
I have problem as following:- I need to know the relationship between spatial frequency, noise and SEM magnification. I am not sure the following is true, please kindly correct me. Thanks
When typical specimen elements of an image occupy several image pixels, the image itself will have suitable spatial components, i.e. rich information in low spatial frequency element. Usually digital filtering imaging system itself is in fact a low pass filter process, and high frequency component will be treated as noise. Therefore in an image with high magnification,the signal's spatial elements located at low frequency, it is then easier to filter out high frequency element - noise. In another trend for an image with low magnification while the signals will distribute at the high frequency side. That is to say, some signals of useful information will be considered as noise, in particular in actual high SNR case.
I'm looking for advice from anyone with experience in the preparation of Xenopus eyes for TEM. Specifically interested in your favorite protocol for basic anatomy.
Thanks, Robert -- Robert Fitton Teaching Associate/Director of Laboratories Luther College Department of Biology 700 College Drive Decorah, IA 52101
Voice 563-387-1559 FAX 563-387-1080
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 15 11:35:34 2004
Hi Robert, Back some 25 yrs ago, we worked on TEM for Xenopus for 3 yrs or so. For the eye, we used either Epon 812 (could substitute Embed 812 or any successful Epon substitute) or LR White. The important part however was the vacuum infiltration which we used at every step. Most of the protocol was standard except we extended the times.
3% Glut or 3%Glut2.5%Paraformaldehyde - 3 hrs Wash 2% OsO4 - 1.5 hrs Wash Dehydration in 25,50,75,95,100 EtOH For Epon PropOxide 2X PO:Epon (2:1,1:1,1:2) 12 hrs each Pure Epon 2 changes Let sit in capsules 12 hr before polymerization in oven
LRWhite: same up to PropOxide No PO No ratio infiltration Pure LRWhite - 5 changes Polymerize
We also often did an en bloc uranyl acetate stain after the OsO4.
If I did it today, would use microwave protocols with cold stage and vacuum unit in microwave.
Cheers, Judy Murphy Stockton, CA
Robert Fitton wrote:
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 15 12:43:12 2004
I am currently working on a Hitachi S4800 FESEM with a snorkel-type objective lens. I noticed that other than the beam crossover used for imaging (which corresponds to the displayed working distance), there is a second crossover that produces a half-decent image (probably larger spot).
I haven't looked into the electron optics (this should read: I was too lazy), but I believe this has something to do with either the magnetic field in the final lens or the field of the lower SE detector.
Can anyone explain this phenomenon?
Thanks, Daniel Salamon Technical Officer, Electron Microscopy
National Institute for Nanotechnology, NRC W6-081 ECERF Bldg 9107-116 Street Edmonton, AB. T6G 2V4
I really want to thank everyone, including all the sales reps, who have answered my request for information on EDS systems.
I was out of town for a week and I was not able to access my E-mail or office phone, for this I apologize. The information and literature has been very helpful!
Thanks again to everyone who chipped in and contributed!!
Frank Karl Degussa Corporation Akron Technical Center 3500 Embassy Parkway Suite 100 Akron, Ohio 44333
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 15 13:25:09 2004
I am searching for manuals and electronic drawings for ZEISS DSM 960 SEM that I am trying to revive. Any information pointing to the possible source of such documentation will be greatly appreciated.
Please respond directly, unless you think that this is something what may be of general interest.
Thank you very much beforehand, Valery Ray
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 15 16:06:39 2004
There are several sources of courses, and most of them offer some sort of CE credit: Check out the LeHigh program (Charlie Lynch and team) and the program at North Carolina State U (John Russ, et. al) The Royal Microscopical Society in the UK has an on-going educational program and also offers two levels of certifications. McCrone Institute in Chicago also has a wide range of courses. I don't know what their certification standard is but a good case could be made for "CE" equivalencies.
Then, of course, if you are interested in more customized programs, MME offers on-site courses. We follow the IACET guidelines for Continuing Ed credits. If you are interested in this direction, please contact me off-line.
Thanks and good hunting! Barbara Foster Microscopy/Microscopy Education
We've moved! 313 S Jupiter Rd, Suite 100 Allen, TX 75002 P: 972-954-8011 W: www.MicroscopyEducation.com
P. S. Need a good general reference or light microscopy text? Visit our website to learn more about "Optimizing LIght Microscopy". Copies still available through MME... even for class-room lots ... and we give quantity discounts.
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At 01:43 PM 11/15/2004, Robert Harries wrote:
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 15 17:14:44 2004
} McCrone Institute in Chicago also has a wide range of courses. I don't } know what their certification standard is but a good case could be made } for "CE" equivalencies.
I have taken three McCrone courses and they granted CEUs. I highly recommend MCRI. Expensive, but well worth it; very hands-on, Chicago is a fun town, the instructors are great, and the whole experience is very motivating.
Don J. Halterman, Jr.
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 15 17:57:24 2004
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (ptibbits-at-emerson-ept.com) from http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Monday, November 15, 2004 at 07:43:29 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: ptibbits-at-emerson-ept.com Name: Patrick Tibbits
I'm seeing that blue-green powder again on the bottom of my Haskris chiller tank. Previous discussions on this list identified it as a corrosion product from the Copper coolant lines.
Can anyone suggest a corrosion inhibitor?
I run 10% ethylene glycol in distilled water. The closed-loop Haskris chiller maintains about 68 degrees F, 14 psi.
A colleague wants to make some Pt mirrors and has asked me to produce them. I am having a great deal of difficulty evaporating the Pt though. I have tried tungsten baskets, wires and boats, but when the Pt melts, before it begins to evaporate the wire or boat breaks.
I have tried heating it up slowly and also quickly but with no luck! Can anyone give me any clues as to how I might get the Pt films done? Unfortunately evaporation is the only method I can use.
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 16 03:57:06 2004
Have you tried evaporating the Pt alone, i.e. without involving tungsten? Perhaps one or several lengths of 1mm diameter Platinum wire spanning the two boat electrodes might still give off enough metal to make the mirror before melting through. Alternatively, you could remain with tungsten because of its high melting point. The fragility of tungsten may be due to some amalgamation with the Pt, which will also perhaps add to your problem by depositing W also on the mirror. To avoid this, could you perhaps try placing some inert material between the boat and the Pt? I have never tried this, but you might try using a thin bed of sand (or pure silica or even a small piece of coverslip) beneath the Pt. An indirectly heated tiny porcelain crucible with the Pt inside might also work within a tungsten basket. The last and possibly most effective way might be to go to electron beam evaporation (with the gun pointing upwards) because here the substrate and evaporant do not have to bear any mechanical stresses. If you have access to suitable EB electrodes and the associated controller electronics this would be a logical choice Good luck,
Jim Chalcroft
-----Original Message----- } From: Colin.Veitch-at-csiro.au [mailto:Colin.Veitch-at-csiro.au] Sent: Tuesday, November 16, 2004 4:46 AM To: microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com
Hi,
A colleague wants to make some Pt mirrors and has asked me to produce them. I am having a great deal of difficulty evaporating the Pt though. I have tried tungsten baskets, wires and boats, but when the Pt melts, before it begins to evaporate the wire or boat breaks.
I have tried heating it up slowly and also quickly but with no luck! Can anyone give me any clues as to how I might get the Pt films done? Unfortunately evaporation is the only method I can use.
The information contained in this e-mail message may be privileged or confidential information. If you are not an intended recipient, you may not copy, distribute or take any action in reliance on it. If you have received this message in error, please telephone CSIRO Textile and Fibre Technology on +61 3 5246 4000.
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 16 05:14:34 2004
I normally only use platinum for simple shadowing so the quantities may be a bit less than you need for mirrors, but it should work if you're using a reasonably thick tungsten wire filament (0.5 to 1mm diam) and reasonably thin platinum wire (0.1 to 0.2mm diam) for evaporation. I make the filament by slowly bending a V-shape by hand (not too sharp a V perhaps more like a U) then making two more bends to give me the filament shape ( ___/\___ ). If you bend the tungsten too sharply it tends to greatly weaken it.
The other thing to be careful about is that the tungsten wire is not under any tension when it's held in the electrode connectors of the evaporator. If you can't adjust the filament holder then re-bend the wire until it fits. I would then carefully wrap a length of platinum around the pointed tip as tightly as possible. When heating up the filament keep an eye on it through smoked/dark glass and you should be able to see that the platinum is dark as the tungsten glows yellow/white then it will glow and form a droplet at the tip of the tungsten and with very little extra heat it should disappear over a few seconds. If you rush this final stage the platinum can heat unevenly and may even drop/ping off.
Even if you're careful you may only get 1 or 2 goes out of a tungsten filament especially if you move or adjust it.
Good luck
Malcolm
Malcolm Haswell e.m. unit School of Health, Natural and Social Sciences Fleming Building University of Sunderland Tyne & Wear SR1 3SD UK
e-mail: malcolm.haswell-at-sunderland.ac.uk
----- Original Message ----- } From: Colin.Veitch-at-csiro.au
Hi Colin:
The melting point of Pt is well below that of W; 1174 vs. 3410 degrees C and is recommended for evaporation of Pt. The difference in melting points would preclude any W contamination of your mirror. I would use a Tungsten boat rather than a basket because of its robust nature. Maybe the baskets you are using are getting stressed when they are being fixed into the evaporator causing breakage when heated. A Carbon crucible is really required for Pt evaporation by the indirect heating method rather than a ceramic vessel mentioned. James is correct that EB evaporation would give you the best results, not only the quality of the thin film but better control of the final thickness too. However, they are very expensive and you may not have access to them at present.
Best,
Al Coritz Electron Microscopy Sciences ----- Original Message ----- } From: "James Chalcroft" {jchalcro-at-neuro.mpg.de} To: {Colin.Veitch-at-csiro.au} Cc: {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} Sent: Tuesday, November 16, 2004 5:15 AM
michael shaffer wrote:
} Frank Eggert writes ... } } } } } To Mike Marks and all, who have interest to this topic! } } } } I agre with Mike Lee: } } /As I understand this issue, "Either a method is quantitative or it } } is } } /qualitative". Two methods could be quantitative with a differing } } /of uncertainty. Therefore semi-quantitaive does not exist. } } } } } } I agree that all methods which produce absolute values along with } uncertainty, any uncertainty, should be considered a "quantitative" method. } Every quantitative method is charged with uncertainties. Yes, sometimes these uncertainties are not known or possibly more than 100 per cent. That is, if one has measured 5% of an element, the element concentration is between 0..10% (an enormously intervall for confidence), but not 50%... That is quantitative, too. There are analytical methods which have never better results. The uncertainties should be distinguish between 'precision' and 'accuracy'. Sometimes it is very easy to measure very precise an element-concentration (low deviation of different measure results) but the mean value of all measurements is far away from the truth. You can determinate an element concentration very precisely, but the result is wrong. Simply, use a wrong standard or a standard with a false known element content and that would be happen. Or a quantification of a rough specimen surface with flat polished standards is the same. At other hand, the precision can be bad (e.g. using P/B-methods, because of the low count rate of the Bremsstrahlung background, always directly used). The results are with higher fluctuations, but the mean value is near to the truth. You have a statistical uncertainties, but you can rely in the mean result.
} However, what would you call a method which made no attempt at including } uncertainty at all? } Standardless and standard comparison analysis methods in EPMA as well have uncertainties (errors always exist). It is not always common decided, which of both methods have lower uncertainties. That depends from different influences. The problem of normalization to 100 per cent with common-used elderly standardless analysis is a source of wrong results, that is true. Such a method made no attempt at including uncertainity. It is possible, e.g. if there is a not detectable element in specimen (or a wrong element identification), all element concentration results are going to become wrong per definition. I would call such methods as 'not quantitative' or the results are given with 'draft estimations'.
} There will always be those of us who believe a } quantitative value includes an error analysis. That is, to be } "quantitative" is to be "confident". Anything else is "something less than } quantitative", and we don't care what it is called. } } my C&0.02 & cheerios ... shAf :o) } Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland } www.micro-investigations.com (in progress) } } It doesn't matter, I can be confident with an quantitative result and an qualitative result, as well. The entire uncertainties should be known (rough common estimations or direct output of the computer program - but not only statistical error of net counts!) and added to the quantitative results (to have a confidence intervall). If not, only qualitative results should be given together with the detection limits for all elements and the elements, which are not possible to detect.
Finally there are only quantitative results (with different uncertainties depend from data acquisition time, the selected evaluation method, the kind and behavior of specimen...) and qualitative analysis (all 'detected' elements). Semi-quantitative is somewhat between quantitative results and reporting the detected elements only, I'm not able to imagine what it is?
Best regards
Frank Eggert ------------------------------------------------- http://www.microanalyst.net -------------------------------------------------
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 16 12:57:15 2004
I have been asked to assemble a comparison list of usage rates for SEM, EM, TEM, XRD, XRF, ICP-OES, ICP-MS, and for Stable Isotope MS. This is a huge task and I am appealing to members of the forum for any related information you can provide.
I am interested in College/University recharge rates as well as private service organization charges.
Your help would be most appreciated - Thank you, Evelyn
Evelyn York
Analytical Facility Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0208
(858) 534-2438
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 16 15:24:40 2004
Colin Last time I did Pt shadowing was many years ago. So, I don't remember all details. What I remember is that I was able to evaporate Pt from the basket or V-shaped filament. You need to use at least 0.5 mm W wire and less than 0.1 mm Pt (2-3 cm long). You need to heat up filament very slow until you melt Pt. At this point you'll see that Pt disappeared... it's because surface tension - Pt spread on W surface. Than you need slightly increase current, so Pt will start evaporate. It's just slightly above the melting point. If you increase current too much or too "sharp" Pt will splash. For some reason filament may be damaged at this point as well. I think, with excessive heat, Pt just dissolved filament, it increases current and finally blow filament out... This is a good news.
The bad news is that as far as I do remember, using "filament" technique, you could not evaporate much Pt (most Pt will stick to the filament and will not evaporate). Overloading with Pt will destroy filament (as it happens in your case). So, you could not produce mirror from one evaporation (I was trying, it does not work). You need to do multiple evaporation using fresh pre-heated filament every time. Even than, mirror would not be perfect: Pt tends to condense on the surface in huge aggregates, which made surface very rough. The best I had was something looks like polished graphite surface: silvering black. You better may try Al or Cr. Good luck, Sergey
P.S. Another trick: you need to use pre-heated filament. At 02:45 PM 11/16/2004 +1100, you wrote:
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 16 16:28:42 2004
Al, The difference in melting temperatures doesn't necessarily mean you won't get any W contamination, after all W-Al dendrites is a resolution sample for SEM. Metals do, very literally, dissolve in one another below their melting points.
Ken Converse
owner QUALITY IMAGES Servicing Scanning Electron Microscopes Since 1981 16 Creek Rd. Delta, PA 17314 717-456-5491 Fax 717-456-7996 kenconverse-at-qualityimages.biz qualityimages.biz
-----Original Message----- } From: Sample Prep [mailto:sampleprep-at-earthlink.net] Sent: Tuesday, November 16, 2004 7:51 AM To: James Chalcroft; Colin.Veitch-at-csiro.au Cc: microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com
Hi Colin:
The melting point of Pt is well below that of W; 1174 vs. 3410 degrees C and is recommended for evaporation of Pt. The difference in melting points would preclude any W contamination of your mirror. I would use a Tungsten boat rather than a basket because of its robust nature. Maybe the baskets you are using are getting stressed when they are being fixed into the evaporator causing breakage when heated. A Carbon crucible is really required for Pt evaporation by the indirect heating method rather than a ceramic vessel mentioned. James is correct that EB evaporation would give you the best results, not only the quality of the thin film but better control of the final thickness too. However, they are very expensive and you may not have access to them at present.
Best,
Al Coritz Electron Microscopy Sciences ----- Original Message ----- } From: "James Chalcroft" {jchalcro-at-neuro.mpg.de} To: {Colin.Veitch-at-csiro.au} Cc: {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} Sent: Tuesday, November 16, 2004 5:15 AM
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (patricia.miller-at-loctite.com) from http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Tuesday, November 16, 2004 at 13:03:28 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: patricia.miller-at-loctite.com Name: Patricia Miller
Organization: Henkel Corp.
Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] SEM carbon adhesive tabs
Question: I have a scanning electron microscope and use carbon adhesive tabs for mounting specimens. I image a lot of particulates so the background of the mounting tab is visible in the images. I have tried several different suppliers and have not been able to find tabs with the mirror smooth surface I desire. The company I formerly purchased them from is no longer able to supply them. Has anyone recently purchased such tabs, and if not, are there any suggestions what to do about the pitted background my current tabs show?
I have been very happy with my dealings with Terry Anderson at. Advanced Instrument Mfg. LLC 15650 Vineyard Blvd. Unit B Morgan Hill, CA 95037 phone (408) 779-4240 Fax (408) 779-8492 {}
} Doug; } I know of two: } Optotek } Box 2140 } Los Gatos, CA 95031-2140 } Contact Klaus Ryser, (800) 924-6023 } } SERCO Technical Services, Inc. } 12520 Morgan Territory Road } Livermore, CA 94551 } Contact Emile Meylan, 800 (483) 0508 } } John Mardinly } Intel } } -----Original Message----- } } From: Doug Baldwin [mailto:dougbaldwin-at-mindspring.com] } Sent: Thursday, November 11, 2004 4:05 PM } To: microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com } Subject: [Microscopy] Leitz Ergolux Repair Sources Needed } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } ------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } ------- } } I have a Leitz Ergolux with a broken focus mechanism and needs repairs. } Given the 20 year age of this model, Leica USA says it must go to Leica } Germany for repairs. Does anyone on the list have any qualified US } third-party repair sources? } } I'm expecting a repair manual for the Ergolux any day so I should be } able to } identify the parts for the repair. The replacement parts are still } available } from Leica Germany. } } Thanks for your help. } } Doug Baldwin } } } } } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 17 01:57:45 2004
At which magnification, you see the pittings on adhesive? I use adhesives from SPI and I have no problems about background? Can you send me a photo of pitting occured at the background? I want to compare it with background of my images...
Thanks...
Orkun ERSOY
Hacettepe University
Department of Geological Engineering
Beytepe-Ankara / TURKEY
06532
Ph: +90 312 2977700 / 126
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 17 06:40:24 2004
We have a 5 year old Leica KMR2 knifemaker that is in need of service. The scoring wheel has been changed, but it appears that the clamp arm and pressure swing arm are loose and thus insufficient clamping is available to create a break. Apparently LEICA doesn't do field service on knifemakers in our area and requires return to their shop for repair as many of their techs have limited experience on this instrument. Is there anyone else in the Maryland area who services these onsite and has access to LEICA parts?
If anyone knows Pat Capagrossi, our former LKB, then LEICA service engineer, tell her we miss her and her expertise!
Thanks, Mary Ellen Pease
Mary Ellen Pease, M.S. Laboratory Manager Glaucoma Research Lab & Microscopy and Imaging Core Facility Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital 175 Woods Research 600 N. Wolfe Street Baltimore, MD 21287 410-955-3337 (phone/voicemail) 443-287-2711 (fax) mpease-at-jhmi.edu
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 17 07:02:49 2004
Patricia, This matter was discussed some time ago so may be archived. I too have observed "cracking" or "wrinkling" of the double-sided carbon adhesive which makes for a very distracting background. I remember many microscopists previously commented on this topic, however, I can't recall whether a reliable solution to the problem was ever put forward.
Paul
Paul J. Gerroir Microscopy Materials Characterization Xerox Research Centre of Canada 2660 Speakman Drive Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1
-----Original Message----- } From: by way of MicroscopyListserver [mailto:patricia.miller-at-loctite.com] Sent: Tuesday, November 16, 2004 8:35 PM To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (patricia.miller-at-loctite.com) from http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Tuesday, November 16, 2004 at 13:03:28 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---
Email: patricia.miller-at-loctite.com Name: Patricia Miller
Organization: Henkel Corp.
Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] SEM carbon adhesive tabs
Question: I have a scanning electron microscope and use carbon adhesive tabs for mounting specimens. I image a lot of particulates so the background of the mounting tab is visible in the images. I have tried several different suppliers and have not been able to find tabs with the mirror smooth surface I desire. The company I formerly purchased them from is no longer able to supply them. Has anyone recently purchased such tabs, and if not, are there any suggestions what to do about the pitted background my current tabs show?
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (vincent.otieno-alego-at-afp.gov.au) from http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Wednesday, November 17, 2004 at 00:03:41 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: vincent.otieno-alego-at-afp.gov.au Name: Vincent
Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] SEM Interfaced with a Raman
Question: We are considering the posibility of interfacing a Raman spectrometer with an SEM. I know Renishaw has a commercial unit (SCA) that can be used to achieve this interface.
Does anyone know if there are any alternative suppliers of such an interface?
Just a suggestion, but Ag tape works very nicely. It has higher electrical conductivity and hence less specimen charging. It also has the advantage of being less "sticky" which facilitates removing the specimen from the tape/stub if that is required. The only caveat is that it is much more expensive. However, if used sparingly, it seems to pay for itself in time. I ruined many fragile samples trying to pry them loose from carbon tape and even the carbon "dots."
I won't endorse any specific vendor since I'm sure everyone can find silver tape vis-à-vis the web.
Regards to everyone,
Peter Tomic Agere Systems Allentown, PA
-----Original Message----- } From: Gerroir, Paul [mailto:paul.gerroir-at-xrcc.xeroxlabs.com] Sent: Wednesday, November 17, 2004 8:20 AM To: by way of MicroscopyListserver; microscopy-at-microscopy.com
I have had a problem with these as well and have returned to double sticky scotch tape, which can be sputter coated. If I wanted a really smooth background I use glass cover slips. There are round ones that fit a Cambridge type stub. If stuff doesn't stick I will charge the glass with poly-lysine or coat it with "grid glue". Grid glue is made by taking one inch of scoth tape and dissolving off the sticky in 5 mls of chloroform. (Some one will correct me if my recipe is wrong) dip the coverslip in it and let it dry.
Greg
} -----Original Message----- } } From: by way of MicroscopyListserver } [mailto:patricia.miller-at-loctite.com] } Sent: Tuesday, November 16, 2004 8:35 PM } To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } Subject: [Microscopy] viaWWW: SEM carbon adhesive tabs } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } ------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Gregory W. Erdos Ph.D. Assistant Director, Biotechnology Program Scientific Director, Electron Microscopy P.O. Box 118525 217 Carr Hall University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 gwe-at-ufl.edu 352-392-1295 fax- 352-846-0251
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 17 10:33:31 2004
I have a question about the focus precision at different wavelengths using an Olympus 60X N.A. 1.4 Phase 3 objective.
Has anybody noticed a difference in focal plane between images collected at 465 to 490 nm and images collected at 530 to 560 nm?
We thought we might be having a registration problem in our images of CFP & YFP expressing cells. To confirm this, we looked at 0.1 um Tetraspeck beads and 2.5 um beads with a broad 488 absorbing dye. (BTW, the cells/beads are in 2X PBS, viewed through a 1.5 coverslip and using Cargill Labs type DF oil.) In all the cases, the focal shift appears to be between 0.3 and 0.5 um in Z.
Just wondering if anybody else has seen this with the same type of objective?
Thanks. ____________________________________________________________________________ Michael Cammer Analytical Imaging Facility Albert Einstein Coll. of Med. Jack & Pearl Resnick Campus 1300 Morris Park Ave. Bronx, NY 10461 (718) 430-2890 Fax: 430-8996 URL: http://www.aecom.yu.edu/aif/ **This electronic transmission contains information that is privileged.**
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 17 11:33:41 2004
Workshop Announcement University of California at Santa Barbara
The Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute are sponsoring an advance course on light microscopy. This 5-day workshop will be offered from March 20 through March 25, 2005 and will consist of lectures and laboratory exercises that will run from 9 am to approximately 5 pm each day. The seminar/workshop will be intensive enabling participants to develop theoretical and hands-on expertise with light microscopes. Attendees will interact closely with the instructors while using modern research grade microscopes, cameras, and computers. The seminars and laboratories will cover basic optical theory and how it pertains to increasing contrast (signal to noise ratio) in biological samples. Fundamental techniques such as fluorescence, phase contrast, Nomarski differential interference contrast, and darkfield imaging will be taught and attendees will use microscopes equipped with these optical enhancement accessories. In addition, the theory and practice of electronic image acquisition (analog and digital) will be presented and attendees will work with low-light cameras, digital image processing computers, and morphometric programs. There are five research grade microscopes, five electronic imaging cameras, two computer workstations, and one confocal microscope. With a maximum enrollment of 10 students, there will be ample opportunity to work with all of the microscopes and cameras. For those so interested, intensive hands-on instruction and guidance on the confocal microscope will be provided.
For a fuller description of the workshop please check the web address below. Enrollment forms can be completed online and this workshop provides an opportunity to have a working-vacation in Santa Barbara, California.
The 38th Annual Fall Symposium of the New England Society for Microscopy (NESM) will again be held on the campus of Gordon College in Wenham, MA. The Symposium runs from 12Noon - 8pm on Thursday, December 2nd. There will be 2 scientific sessions with 5 invited speakers, as an after-dinner speaker. Details can be found on NESM's website (http://prism.mit.edu:8083) under "current newsletter".
Advance registration for this meeting is REQUIRED. The registration form is included in the newsletter and the registration fee (as well as dinner choice & registration form) should be sent to: Paul Bain, NESM Treasurer, HMS-Countway 212, 10 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115. If you have any questions, please contact Paul at 617-432-3236 or via email: paul_bain-at-hms.harvard.edu. The deadline for registration is Monday, November 29th.
There has been one change to the program listed: the after-dinner speaker will now be Dan Gibson of Worcester Polytechnic Institute who will speak on "Horseshoe Crabs-Lessons from a Living Legend). Dan is currently a Biological Director of NESM's Board and is running for President-Elect for 2005.
Please mark your calendars and plan to attend this most interesting meeting.
Peggy Sherwood Lab Associate, Photopathology Wellman Center for Photomedicine (W224) Massachusetts General Hospital 55 Fruit Street Boston, MA 02114 617-724-4839 (voice mail) 617-726-6983 (lab) 617-726-3192 (fax) msherwood-at-partners.org
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 17 13:39:40 2004
I have wondered about this too, with other lenses. Do you think that there might be some wavelength dispersion in the specimen optical system (that is the sample, its mounting medium, the glass cover slip, and the oil)?
} } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------- } -------- The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society } of America To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ---------------------------------------------------------------------- } --------- } } I have a question about the focus precision at different wavelengths } using an Olympus 60X N.A. 1.4 Phase 3 objective. } } Has anybody noticed a difference in focal plane between images } collected at 465 to 490 nm and images collected at 530 to 560 nm? } } We thought we might be having a registration problem in our images of } CFP & YFP expressing cells. To confirm this, we looked at 0.1 um } Tetraspeck beads and 2.5 um beads with a broad 488 absorbing dye. } (BTW, the cells/beads are in 2X PBS, viewed through a 1.5 coverslip } and using Cargill Labs type DF oil.) In all the cases, the focal } shift appears to be between 0.3 and 0.5 um in Z. } } Just wondering if anybody else has seen this with the same type of } objective? } } Thanks. } ______________________________________________________________________ } ______ Michael Cammer Analytical Imaging Facility Albert Einstein } Coll. of Med. Jack & Pearl Resnick Campus 1300 Morris Park Ave. } Bronx, NY 10461 (718) 430-2890 Fax: 430-8996 URL: } http://www.aecom.yu.edu/aif/ } **This electronic transmission contains information that is } privileged.** } }
Joel B. Sheffield, Ph.D. Biology Department, Temple University 1900 North 12th Street Philadelphia, PA 19122 jbs-at-temple.edu (215) 204 8839, fax (215) 204 0486 http://astro.temple.edu/~jbs
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 17 15:00:32 2004
I often have a problem with ultrathin sections of non decalcified bone. Regions of mineralized tissue have a lot of wrinkles and folds so that the whole grids could be not usable. Regions of soft tissue on the same sections are flat. What is the possible cause and how to avoid it? Thank you,
Vladimir
Vladimir M. Dusevich, Ph.D. Electron Microscope Lab Manager 3127 School of Dentistry 650 E. 25th Street Kansas City, MO 64108-2784
Thank you very much to all of those who replied to my question on Pt evaporation. It looks like we'll go down the path of sputtering, with the help of a colleague nearby.
The information contained in this e-mail message may be privileged or confidential information. If you are not an intended recipient, you may not copy, distribute or take any action in reliance on it. If you have received this message in error, please telephone CSIRO Textile and Fibre Technology on +61 3 5246 4000.
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 17 23:30:21 2004
Paul Gerroir wrote: ========================================================== This matter was discussed some time ago so may be archived. I too have observed "cracking" or "wrinkling" of the double-sided carbon adhesive which makes for a very distracting background. I remember many microscopists previously commented on this topic, however, I can't recall whether a reliable solution to the problem was ever put forward. ========================================================== The adhesive used for carbon tape and the die cut discs "ages" like any pressure sensitive acrylic-based adhesive. As time goes on, two things seem to be happening:
1. The bond between the adhesive and release paper seems to increase so that when separated, the surface comes out somewhat mottled in appearance and
2. The adhesive seems to lose some of its "tac" and when this happens, the surface seems to become more sensitive to the beam.
We advise our customers to not purchase more than a year's requirements for the best results. And if someone does end up with a large amount, we advise heatsealing the tape/discs into a plastic polybag followed by refrigerated storage.
Fresh tape and die cut discs should have a reasonably smooth surface and should be reasonably resistant to cracking in the beam but it still can be made to crack, given a high enough beam intensity.
So one might ask: Would an SEM lab be using "old" adhesives? And I can assure you that the answer is a resounding "yes". I have had the personal experience of visiting laboratories where the tape they were trying to use was more than ten years old and they wondered why they were having problems ! Also tape left on a window ledge ,sitting in bright sunlight, will age in a few months what would otherwise take some number of years.
So the point is, when comparisons are made, keep this in mind so that you are comparing apples with apples. Do the comparisons with fresh tapes or discs.
Disclaimer: SPI Supplies is a major supplier of double sided conductive adhesive tapes, discs, and sheets so we have a major interest understanding how these materials age. See URL http://www.2spi.com/catalog/spec_prep/cond_adhes.html
Chuck
=================================================== Charles A. Garber, Ph. D. Ph: 1-(610)-436-5400 President 1-(800)-2424-SPI SPI SUPPLIES FAX: 1-(610)-436-5755 PO BOX 656 e-mail: cgarber-at-2spi.com West Chester, PA 19381-0656 USA Cust. Service: spi2spi-at-2spi.com
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 18 00:51:04 2004
what you see seems to be chromatic aberration. Here is some explanation from the Nikon pages http://www.microscopyu.com/tutorials/java/aberrations/chromatic/
The focal length f varies with the wavelength of light as illustrated in the tutorial window and Figure 1(a), which demonstrates the effects of chromatic aberration on a beam of white light passing through a simple lens. The component colors (wavelengths) are focused at varying distances from the lens (Figure 2) to produce an image having an arbitrary blur radius approximately 0.3 millimeters in diameter.
Blue light is refracted to the greatest extent followed by green and red light, a phenomenon commonly referred to as dispersion. The inability of a lens to bring all of the colors into a common focus results in a slightly different image size and focal point for each predominant wavelength group. This leads to colored fringes surrounding the image. When the focus is set for the middle of the wavelength band, the image has a green cast with a halo of purple (composed of a mixture of red and blue)surrounding it.
When you go to the link mentioned above you will find more information about "chromatic aberration" as well as interesting images which explain the result without many words.
The better the objectives are corrected the better the result of your images with less chromatic aberration.
JS} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ JS} The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America JS} To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver JS} On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html JS} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JS} I have wondered about this too, with other lenses. Do you think JS} that there might be some wavelength dispersion in the specimen JS} optical system (that is the sample, its mounting medium, the glass JS} cover slip, and the oil)?
} } } } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------- } } -------- The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society } } of America To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver On-Line Help } } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------- } } --------- } } } } I have a question about the focus precision at different wavelengths } } using an Olympus 60X N.A. 1.4 Phase 3 objective. } } } } Has anybody noticed a difference in focal plane between images } } collected at 465 to 490 nm and images collected at 530 to 560 nm? } } } } We thought we might be having a registration problem in our images of } } CFP & YFP expressing cells. To confirm this, we looked at 0.1 um } } Tetraspeck beads and 2.5 um beads with a broad 488 absorbing dye. } } (BTW, the cells/beads are in 2X PBS, viewed through a 1.5 coverslip } } and using Cargill Labs type DF oil.) In all the cases, the focal } } shift appears to be between 0.3 and 0.5 um in Z. } } } } Just wondering if anybody else has seen this with the same type of } } objective? } } } } Thanks. } } ______________________________________________________________________ } } ______ Michael Cammer Analytical Imaging Facility Albert Einstein } } Coll. of Med. Jack & Pearl Resnick Campus 1300 Morris Park Ave. } } Bronx, NY 10461 (718) 430-2890 Fax: 430-8996 URL: } } http://www.aecom.yu.edu/aif/ } } **This electronic transmission contains information that is } } privileged.** } } } }
JS} Joel B. Sheffield, Ph.D. JS} Biology Department, Temple University JS} 1900 North 12th Street JS} Philadelphia, PA 19122 JS} jbs-at-temple.edu JS} (215) 204 8839, fax (215) 204 0486 JS} http://astro.temple.edu/~jbs
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 18 06:31:47 2004
It has been brought to my attention that I may have implied that LEICA service was not helpful to me. Please let me correct that mis-impression by clearly stating that I received great help from one of the engineers via phone call later that day, thus eliminating the need for either field service or returning the instrument for repair. I am a big fan of Leica products and have been very happy with their instruments over the past 20 years.
Mary Ellen
} } } Mary Ellen Pease 11/17/04 07:58AM } } } Hi all,
We have a 5 year old Leica KMR2 knifemaker that is in need of service. The scoring wheel has been changed, but it appears that the clamp arm and pressure swing arm are loose and thus insufficient clamping is available to create a break. Apparently LEICA doesn't do field service on knifemakers in our area and requires return to their shop for repair as many of their techs have limited experience on this instrument. Is there anyone else in the Maryland area who services these onsite and has access to LEICA parts?
If anyone knows Pat Capagrossi, our former LKB, then LEICA service engineer, tell her we miss her and her expertise!
Thanks, Mary Ellen Pease
Mary Ellen Pease, M.S. Laboratory Manager Glaucoma Research Lab & Microscopy and Imaging Core Facility Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital 175 Woods Research 600 N. Wolfe Street Baltimore, MD 21287 410-955-3337 (phone/voicemail) 443-287-2711 (fax) mpease-at-jhmi.edu
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 18 08:15:10 2004
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (m.serracino-at-igag.cnr.it) from http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Thursday, November 18, 2004 at 08:04:33 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Organization: Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering
Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] Link exl computer graphics board
Question: Nestor: Thank you very much for having set up this Listserver, without it i could not have resolved my Exl problem, and many many special thanks to you for your courtesy and patience in helping to replace the board.
I want to add that, besides my specific problem,I really enjoy the listserver for the many advices, hints and infos i always find on it.
Marcello Serracino Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Universita' "La Sapienza" p.le A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
I am pleased to announce that a vacancy for an Electron Microscopist has arisen here at Johnson Matthey (Sonning Common, near Reading, U.K.). The successful candidate will work in an extremely well equipped department.
Please apply directly to Georgie Floyd (see address below).
Thank you for your attention.
Dr Gregory Goodlet Electron Optics Johnson Matthey Technology Centre
VACANCY
TECHNOLOGY CENTRE - SONNING COMMON (U.K.)
Electron Microscopist
Johnson Matthey PLC is a world leader in advanced materials technology. The Technology Centre, based at Sonning Common, undertakes research work for the group
A vacancy has arisen at the Technology Centre for an Electron Microscopist to join our team working with both Scanning and Transmission microscopes. The precise duties will depend on the experience of the successful candidate but will include sample preparation, microscopy work, interpretation, reporting and collaboration with other project scientists. Some technique development work will also be involved
The successful candidate will be educated to minimum HNC/Degree level and should possess a sound knowledge of electron microscopy in materials characterisation.
Applications must be made in writing with full CV and current salary details to: Georgie Floyd, Personnel Officer, Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading, RG4 9NH or e-mail hrjmtc-at-matthey.com
Closing date for applications: Tuesday 30th November 2004
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 18 08:26:18 2004
Hello ! Does anybody know if Spurr embedded biological material can be sectioned with a Ralph knife for light microscopy (1-2 µm thick)? (Technical handbooks usually relate Raplh knives only with metacrilate sections). Thanks
Raúl Pozner Instituto de Botánica Darwinion CC 22, B1642HYD San Isidro Buenos Aires - ARGENTINA rpozner-at-darwin.edu.ar
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 18 17:11:30 2004
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (sargenkn-at-westminster.edu) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Thursday, November 18, 2004 at 13:32:50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: sargenkn-at-westminster.edu Name: Kristen Sargent
Organization: Westminster College
Education: Undergraduate College
Location: New Wilmington, Pa 16172
Question: I am taking an electron microscopy course where we are in charge of creating our own project. My pet interest are Venus Flytraps, so I chose to work with that. I'm looking at the trap leaves and the spines. My probelm is identifying what I'm seeing. Are there any hints you can give me, or can you point me to some good sources for this.
You could cut Spurr resin with glass knife. I don't think, the geometry of knife is much important here. Sergey
At 06:47 AM 11/18/2004, you wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
_____________________________________
Sergey Ryazantsev Ph. D. Electron Microscopy UCLA School of Medicine Department of Biological Chemistry 10833 Le Conte Ave, Room 33-080 Los Angeles, CA 90095
Dear All, I was not successful in my first attemt (message sent on nov 11) to get a response from the list. Is the low-temperature stage (LN2 cooled) for JEOL 2010 UHR (with URP22 pole piece) available from GATAN only? I.e., is this a proprietary item of Gatan?
Best regards Satyam
} Message sent to the list on November 11, 2004
} Dear All, } We would like to purchase one low-temperature stage (LN2 cooled) for } our JEOL 2010 UHR (with URP 22 pole piece). I am aware of GATAN make and } have contacts from them. I am wondering whether are there any other } manufacturer who can supply low-temperature stage for our machine? } Information may be given off-line also. } Best regards } Satyam
-- TEM Laboratory Institute of Physics Sachivalaya marg Bhubaneswar - 751005 India Fax:+91-674-230 0142 Tel:+91-674-230 1058 extn 124
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 19 05:11:14 2004
You could perhaps look at the research work published by the Heidelberg botanist, Eberhard Schnepf, who did a lot of pioneering TEM work on plant secretory cells (including Nepenthes, Drosera etc.) years ago. He may also have described structures in the Venus Fly-trap. Best wishes,
Jim
-----Original Message----- } From: by way of Ask-A-Microscopist [mailto:sargenkn-at-westminster.edu] Sent: Friday, November 19, 2004 12:30 AM To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (sargenkn-at-westminster.edu) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Thursday, November 18, 2004 at 13:32:50 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---
Email: sargenkn-at-westminster.edu Name: Kristen Sargent
Organization: Westminster College
Education: Undergraduate College
Location: New Wilmington, Pa 16172
Question: I am taking an electron microscopy course where we are in charge of creating our own project. My pet interest are Venus Flytraps, so I chose to work with that. I'm looking at the trap leaves and the spines. My probelm is identifying what I'm seeing. Are there any hints you can give me, or can you point me to some good sources for this.
I normally use an old Edwards 306A Coating unit with carbon rods to produce support films. But have read that carbon fibre will give a much thinner coating when compared to carbon string or cord. Therefore is it possible to use carbon fibre to produce carbon support films for TEM using a carbon attachment with a sputter coater?
many thanks
Kevin
------------
Kevin Mackenzie Histology and EM Core Facility Institute of Medical Sciences University of Aberdeen Foresterhill
k.s.mackenzie-at-abdn.ac.uk
01224 555822
www.abdn.ac.uk/ims/h-em
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 19 11:28:08 2004
We purchased one from Oxford Instruments. The design was much different than Gatan's, and did not use the hex-ring. It also had a much better drift performance, but then Gatan bought Oxford Instruments holder division, so now it is a Gatan.
John Mardinly Intel
-----Original Message----- } From: Incharge - TEM Laboratory [mailto:tem_iopb-at-iopb.res.in] Sent: Friday, November 19, 2004 2:00 AM To: Microscopy-at-microscopy.com Cc: tem_iopb-at-iopb.res.in
Dear All, I was not successful in my first attemt (message sent on nov 11) to get a response from the list. Is the low-temperature stage (LN2 cooled) for JEOL 2010 UHR (with URP22 pole piece) available from GATAN only? I.e., is this a proprietary item of Gatan?
Best regards Satyam
} Message sent to the list on November 11, 2004
} Dear All, } We would like to purchase one low-temperature stage (LN2 cooled) for
} our JEOL 2010 UHR (with URP 22 pole piece). I am aware of GATAN make and } have contacts from them. I am wondering whether are there any other } manufacturer who can supply low-temperature stage for our machine? } Information may be given off-line also. } Best regards } Satyam
-- TEM Laboratory Institute of Physics Sachivalaya marg Bhubaneswar - 751005 India Fax:+91-674-230 0142 Tel:+91-674-230 1058 extn 124
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 19 12:24:28 2004
Short answer is yes, it can be done. But...you will have to experiment with the formula (as with any thermoset resin). The goal is to make the final hardness flexible enough to cut large areas at 2-3 microns thickness. I used to work at an Eye Institute at the Univ of SoCal and the ocular pathologist was very interested in embedding hemispherical cut human autopsy eyes in a suitable plastic for whole sections containing pupil/optic nerve, hence the name PO sections. We were able to do this successfully by altering the ingredients in the Spurr formula and sectioning the eye as a whole mount on a ralph glass knife. We chose Spurr resin because of its toughness under the electron beam and low viscosity for infiltration through the sclera wall. The idea here was to use the embedded sample for light microscopy histology with routine H&E stains (another revised protocol), immunohisto and if desired, selected areas for further study by TEM. It took some experimenting with but we were successful in coming up with a soft enough formula to allow the whole sectioning for histo and still use the block for TEM. The big tradeoff was thin sectioning for TEM. The formula tended to be too soft for 80-90nm sections but was doable with patience and practice. Sections from what I remember did have a some compression issues. I imagine if you could cryo the sample at say -60C, you would be more successful with regard to sectioning artifact.
Good luck
Fred Hayes Ann Arbor MI ----- Original Message ----- } From: "Raúl Pozner" {rpozner-at-darwin.edu.ar} To: {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} Sent: Thursday, November 18, 2004 9:47 AM
Hi All, We have an old "Fume-Gard" portable hood in our lab that we use for slide staining. Lerner Labs (the manufacturer) seems to be defunct. We need to replace the vapor absorbent (activated carbon?) filter pack for it. The old cat. # is 906. The filter pack measures 11.25 long x 5.75 high and 1 3/8 deep (all inches). does anyone have an idea where an equivalent filter can be found? Our Office of Environmental Safety is having puppies over how old this filter is! Thanks, Lee -- Leona Cohen-Gould, M.S. Sr. Staff Associate Director, Electron Microscopy Core Facility Manager, Optical Microscopy Core Facility Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University voice (212)746-6146 fax (212)746-8175
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 19 21:03:50 2004
I'm an artist seeking to buy an ElectroImage/Tetracam TriPix RGB microscope camera in any condition, as long as it's functioing properly. Used would be ideal. Camera is a small blue case with "TRIPIX" in white, lens mount is C mount- may have a lens on it but it's a microscope camera. There are three models- I only seek the RGB model. Any ideas, leads would be most appreciated. Thanks all.
John Lovell -- John Lovell j_lloyd-at-letterboxes.org
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Sat Nov 20 08:02:50 2004
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (padmashree-at-excite.com) from http://www.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Saturday, November 20, 2004 at 06:42:59 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: padmashree-at-excite.com Name: Rajesh
Organization: Shenoy
Education: Graduate College
Location: Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Question: Sir/madam, we have a sony DSC 717 digital camera and we have also have a suitable adapter for it to be fixed to the microscope we are not able to get sharp images of the stained histology sections, kindly let me know as to what settings should be kept for such camera to take images from a binocular microscope.
Kevin Mackenzie wrote: ============================================================== I normally use an old Edwards 306A Coating unit with carbon rods to produce support films. But have read that carbon fibre will give a much thinner coating when compared to carbon string or cord. Therefore is it possible to use carbon fibre to produce carbon support films for TEM using a carbon attachment with a sputter coater? ============================================================== Two things:
1. I have never heard of an instance where a "carbon attachment" to anyone's sputter coater (with a rotary vane pump) could be used to make carbon films of an acceptable quality such that they could be used as TEM support films. Carbon films meeting the standard for TEM support films have to be made in a diffusion pump or better pumped system, done in a vacuum evaporator.
2. The terms, carbon "string", "cord", "thread" and "fiber" seem to have developed their own meanings in different markets and sometimes the same word means different things in different markets.
At one time there were two diameters, "thick" and "thin". The "thick" material was called carbon "fiber" in North America and "braid" in most of Europe. In some countries it was called "cord". This was typically material that was about 2 mm diameter.
The "thin" material, which typically had a diameter closer to 1 mm, was called "string" in North America and "thread" in Europe.
Many people now use these terms all interchangeably without regard to this history of the terms. So when communicating it is always going to be better to talk in terms of "carbon fiber diameter" and possibly also, the origin (brand) of the carbon fiber being described. For further information see URL http://www.2spi.com/catalog/spec_prep/carbon-fiber.shtml
Carbon fiber does not all come from the same place.
Disclaimer: SPI Supplies is one of the main manufacturers of high purity carbon fiber of all diameters so we have a vested interest in making sure that product is described in an unambiguous way.
Chuck
=================================================== Charles A. Garber, Ph. D. Ph: 1-(610)-436-5400 President 1-(800)-2424-SPI SPI SUPPLIES FAX: 1-(610)-436-5755 PO BOX 656 e-mail: cgarber-at-2spi.com West Chester, PA 19381-0656 USA Cust. Service: spi2spi-at-2spi.com
Look for us! ############################ WWW: http://www.2spi.com ############################ ==================================================
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 22 09:43:21 2004
We have an operating Hitachi S520 SEM that is no longer required and will be disposed of in the coming months. If anyone has an interest in this machine please let me know.
Regards, Ron ---------------------- Mr. R.C. Doole Department of Materials, University of Oxford. Parks Road, Oxford. OX1 3PH. UK. Phone +44 (0) 1865 273701 Fax +44 (0) 1865 283333 ron.doole-at-materials.ox.ac.uk http://www-em.materials.ox.ac.uk/ *********************************
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 22 13:27:43 2004
On Nov 15, 2004, at 4:16 PM, by way of MicroscopyListserver wrote:
} } Email: ptibbits-at-emerson-ept.com } Name: Patrick Tibbits } } Organization: Emerson Power Transmission } } Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] MListserver: } } Question: Dear Microscopists, } } I'm seeing that blue-green powder again on the bottom of my Haskris } chiller tank. Previous discussions on this list identified it as a } corrosion product from the Copper coolant lines. } } Can anyone suggest a corrosion inhibitor? } } I run 10% ethylene glycol in distilled water. The closed-loop Haskris } chiller maintains about 68 degrees F, 14 psi. } } Patrick } Dear Patrick, On the East Coast, we used AquaTreet 42 from Aqua Laboratories; on the West Coast, we are using TST303 from Skasol, Inc. Both are molybdenum-based and work very well. Call the appropriate company for your location to get more info. Good luck. Yours, Bill Tivol, PhD EM Scientist and Manager Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility Broad Center, Mail Code 114-96 California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 (626) 395-8833 tivol-at-caltech.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 22 13:40:57 2004
Dear friends This time, I have got good suggestions (many of them were written privately). Thanks for your help. Best regards Satyam } ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ } } Dear All, } I was not successful in my first attemt (message sent on nov 11) to } get } a response from the list. Is the low-temperature stage (LN2 cooled) for } JEOL 2010 UHR (with URP22 pole piece) available from GATAN only? I.e., } is this a proprietary item of Gatan? } } Best regards } Satyam } } } } Message sent to the list on November 11, 2004 } } } Dear All, } } We would like to purchase one low-temperature stage (LN2 cooled) for } } } } our JEOL 2010 UHR (with URP 22 pole piece). I am aware of GATAN make } } and have contacts from them. I am wondering whether are there any } } other manufacturer who can supply low-temperature stage for our } } machine? Information may be given off-line also. } } Best regards } } Satyam } } -- } TEM Laboratory } Institute of Physics } Sachivalaya marg } Bhubaneswar - 751005 } India } Fax:+91-674-230 0142 } Tel:+91-674-230 1058 extn 124
-- TEM Laboratory Institute of Physics Sachivalaya marg Bhubaneswar - 751005 India Fax:+91-674-230 0142 Tel:+91-674-230 1058 extn 124
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 22 14:06:48 2004
} } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } ------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Gatan currently still make both the 'Oxford' CT3500 and 'Gatan' Model 626 Cryotransfer version.
I am not aware of any other supplier of TEM cold/cryotransfer holders although it might be worth contacting Fischione.
PLEASE NOTE 1. Any mail other than plain text will be automatically deleted. 2. Any mail, legitimate or not, apparently or actually from hotmail, netscape, yahoo or excite will automatically be deleted. 3. Mail with no subject or without a clear subject will be ignored :-)
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 22 15:34:26 2004
I have a question concerning etching metals in a failure analysis lab. We have an oxford ICP etcher that we normally run fluorine based chemistries in. We are considering the advantages of running chlorine gas as well. Will running the two chemistries (at different times) be problematic as far as change over? The etcher is not used for production or manufacturing, but only for Failure analysis. What are the recommendations for trying to run a system in this manner. Thanks for your time Nick
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 22 18:57:49 2004
You may want to query the manufacturer of the system. Chlorine, as you may know, is very corrosive. There may also be some guidance from people that use gas assisted FIB's.
If I may ask, what metals are you trying to etch and is there a problem with wet chemistry?
Regards, Peter Tomic Agere Systems Allentown, PA
-----Original Message----- } From: Nicol Aitken [mailto:nicol-at-semiconductor.com] Sent: Monday, November 22, 2004 4:57 PM To: microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com
Dear listers,
I have a question concerning etching metals in a failure analysis lab. We have an oxford ICP etcher that we normally run fluorine based chemistries in. We are considering the advantages of running chlorine gas as well. Will running the two chemistries (at different times) be problematic as far as change over? The etcher is not used for production or manufacturing, but only for Failure analysis. What are the recommendations for trying to run a system in this manner. Thanks for your time Nick
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 22 21:24:28 2004
Charles, great response! The only thing I want to add is that best way to produce the carbon film is to do so in oil-free high vacuum (2*10-6 torr) with electron gun. Mica should be highest quality as well (natural one without oil). Sergey
At 12:27 PM 11/20/2004, you wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
_____________________________________
Sergey Ryazantsev Ph. D. Electron Microscopy UCLA School of Medicine Department of Biological Chemistry 10833 Le Conte Ave, Room 33-080 Los Angeles, CA 90095
I'm looking for additional information and experience from the microscopy community. I am quickly moving towards installing a basic EDS detector on my Phillips 400 TEM. I have no intention of installing the STEM or other electron detectors for imaging. My limited understanding is I should be able to collect element information about my sample. My grid holder has a beryllium insert to hold the grid and I anticipate needing to use beryllium grids or get use to copper peaks.
what am I missing?
Do Be grids require special disposal? I know the overall count rate will be low, but are their problems or factors I should be aware of? I am especially concern that the installation of the EDS probe will not significantly degrade my image (I typically work under 100KX) .
Any thoughts and suggestions would be welcome!
Season greetings to all..............
Frank Karl Degussa Corporation Akron Technical Center 3500 Embassy Parkway Suite 100 Akron, Ohio 44333
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 23 07:20:01 2004
Tuesday 11 January 2005 University of Oxford, Department of Materials A one-day meeting organised by the Royal Microscopical Society (RMS) Organisers: Dr Angus Kirkland and Dr Crispin Hetherington
The arrival of aberration correctors for transmission electron microscopes and the recent developments in exit-wave restoration have highlighted the importance of quantitative imaging. However, the factors causing the mismatch between experimental and simulated images are still poorly understood. This conference will address experimental techniques and theories available for obtaining quantitative structural information from images, holograms and diffraction patterns. The programme will include the following speakers: Professor Henny Zandbergen, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Professor Hannes Lichte, Dresden University, Germany Professor Dirk Van Dyck, University of Antwerp, Belgium Professor Laurence Marks, North Western University, Chicago
The organisers are also planning to hold an informal discussion workshop on the following day, Wednesday 12th January 2005, to which delegates are invited.
Registrants are invited to submit abstracts for consideration as oral presentations. A maximum of 300 words, to be emailed to Victoria at the RMS office. The abstract deadline is Friday 10th December 2004.
Further information can be obtained from: Royal Microscopical Society, 37/38 St Clements, Oxford OX4 1AJ, UK Tel: + 44 (0) 1865 248 768, Fax: + 44 (0) 1865 791237 victoria-at-rms.org.uk You can also register online at www.rms.org.uk
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 23 08:49:58 2004
There should be no problem doing this but there are some points to look out for. The EM 400 was built at a time when EDS was still quite new and it is not as fully optimized for EDS as a newer microscope would be. In particular the EDS spectrum is likely to have spurious peaks, corresponding to electrons and x-rays generating a signal from areas far from where you think the beam is hitting.
First you should check the apertures you have installed. Both the fixed apertures as well as the alignable apertures. You should talk to a Philips (FEI) service engineer and consider changing the fixed apertures for a set designed to improve the EDS signal and you should start using "top hat" apertures in the aperture holders.
Even if you do a good job of cleaning up the beam in this way, you will find that you still have a rather high set of systems peaks, if you operate the microscope in the normal way (which Philips call microprobe). You will get better data if you go to the configuration used for STEM (Philips call it nanoprobe), which you can do even if you have no STEM unit. There is a little switch to the left of the column, next to the "Intensity" knob.
The problem with this is that, when you go to nanoprobe, you have to realign the microscope. With this system the advantage of having a STEM unit (even if you have no STEM detectors and have no intention of ever making a STEM image) is that you can leave the microprobe alignment on the microscope and leave the nanoprobe alignment on the STEM unit, and hence switch easily between them. It would be worth your while to try to pick up a second hand STEM unit for this purpose. As STEM units they were not very useful, so they should be cheap.
Frank.Karl-at-degussa.com wrote:
} } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } } } } I'm looking for additional information and experience from the microscopy } community. I am quickly moving towards installing a basic EDS detector on } my Phillips 400 TEM. I have no intention of installing the STEM or other } electron detectors for imaging. My limited understanding is I should be } able to collect element information about my sample. My grid holder has a } beryllium insert to hold the grid and I anticipate needing to use beryllium } grids or get use to copper peaks. } } what am I missing? } } Do Be grids require special disposal? I know the overall count rate will } be low, but are their problems or factors I should be aware of? I am } especially concern that the installation of the EDS probe will not } significantly degrade my image (I typically work under 100KX) . } } Any thoughts and suggestions would be welcome! } } Season greetings to all.............. } } Frank Karl } Degussa Corporation } Akron Technical Center } 3500 Embassy Parkway } Suite 100 } Akron, Ohio 44333 }
-- .......... Alwyn Eades Department of Materials Science and Engineering Lehigh University 5 East Packer Avenue Bethlehem Pennsylvania 18015-3195 Phone 610 758 4231 Fax 610 758 4244 jae5-at-lehigh.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 23 09:31:01 2004
I'm checking with the collective microscopy mind for favorite techniques of using LR White for embedding cell culture layers. What we want to do is use the "pop-off" technique of snapping the cover slip off the end of a resin block after immersion in liquid nitrogen. For regular ultrastructure work this is by far the easiest and most relliable method I've tried, but it's been a problem with immuno samples.
We are experimenting somewhat successfully with using flat molds with circular cover slips on the top, covered in turn with large rectangular coverslips to seal out the oxygen. Our next tests will be with polymerization chambers filled with nitrogen, argon, or some gas other than pesky oxygen.
If anyone has any pet techniques for this they might be willing to share, I'd love to hear them. This has been a recurring problem for us and we seem to be getting more cell cultures for immuno work all the time. I'd be happy to share the results of our tests, as well.
Finally, on an entirely different note, we have an office pool going on whether or not a set of car keys with a remote door/window/etc. opener will function after having been flushed down a toilet, rescued, and subjected to a bleach bath for 24 hours. I say no, and lab-mate Cheryl says yes (after putting in a new battery). Before investing a whole buck in this, I need opinions.
Happy Thanksgiving!
Randy
Randy Tindall EM Specialist {/} Electron Microscopy Core Facility---We Do Small Well! W122 Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211 Tel: (573) 882-8304 Fax: (573) 884-5414 Email: tindallr-at-missouri.edu Web: http://www.emc.missouri.edu {http://www.emc.missouri.edu/}
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 23 10:06:22 2004
I am trying to preparing TEM specimen from the micrometer Ta powders, here is my procedure
"The powder was mixed with Gatan G1 epoxy resin in a Teflon cup and then the mixture was transferred to a Cu tube with a diameter of 3 mm. After curing at 373 K the tube was sliced into a series of 500 micrometer thick discs using a low speed diamond saw, Finally, the discs were mechanically ground to a thickness of 20 micrometer prior to ion thinning to electron microscopy transparency in the PIPS. As I tried to polish it thinner, the particles started to pull out. "PIPS operating conditions were: acceleration voltage of the ion gun 3.4 keV, rotation frequency 3 rpm, and incidence angle of the two ion beams on both sides of the sample 3-4 deg.
Due to the different milling rate between G1 epoxy and Ta particle, I got very few particles electron transparent. my questions are
1. If anyone had experience on embedding particles on different matrixes (such as Al, Ag), please give me some advices
2. Since I was using low angle and low voltage to mill the specimen, I got redeposition from the Cu grid, how to avoid the redeposition at low angle milling?
Any advice on the sample prep. of this material would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks a lot
Jinguo Wang
Jinguo Wang, Ph.D The Pennsylvania State University Materials Research Institute 194 Materials Research Institute Building University Park, PA 16802 Tel: (814) 865-9285 Fax: (814) 863-8561, 814) 863-0637 Email: jqw11-at-psu.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 23 13:21:20 2004
A lot of unspecified variables here, Randy. Seems to me you need more practice getting your experiments peer-reviewed. How many replicates? Has the toilet been, like, used? And what is the recovery mode? Fishing them out of the sewage treatment plant could take a little time. The concentration of the bleach? And what make is the car? I'm willing to bet that a set from a Mercedes S-class would survive that, no problem. Don't know about Ford though.
Best wishes Chris
Dr. Chris Jeffree
----- Original Message ----- } From: "Tindall, Randy D." {TindallR-at-missouri.edu} To: {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} Sent: Tuesday, November 23, 2004 3:52 PM
hey randy, it's only a buck US. it's not like it's real money.
paul
Paul R. Hazelton, PhD Electron Microscope Unit University of Manitoba Department of Medical Microbiology 531 Basic Medical Sciences Building 730 William Avenue Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 0W3 e-mail: paul_hazelton-at-umanitoba.ca Work Phone: 204-789-3313 Pager: 204-931-954 Home Phone: 204-489-6924 Cell: 204-781-1502 Fax: 204-789-3926/204-489-6924
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 23 18:23:37 2004
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (bert.reuss-at-tufts.edu) from http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Tuesday, November 23, 2004 at 12:46:03 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: bert.reuss-at-tufts.edu Name: Bert Reuss
Organization: Tufts University Geology Department
Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] MListserver:Cambridge 100S parts available
Question: We have a non-functional 1985 Cambridge 100S SEM that is available for parts. We have no means of shipping this unit so you should be willing to pick it up at our Medford, MA campus. The SEM was operational until last April but was shut down because of problems with the scans, stage, and roughing pump.
Please contact off-line:
Bert Reuss email bert.reuss-at-tufts.edu Geology Department Medford, MA 02155
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (henry-at-cmsp.com) from http://microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Tuesday, November 23, 2004 at 09:29:33 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: henry-at-cmsp.com Name: Henry Schleichkorn
Organization: Educational Pictures
Education: 6-8th Grade Middle School
Location: Chicago, Illinois USA
Question: Hello, I am looking for old EM prints and negatives that EM Departments want to discard. I'll pay for shipping expenses. SEMs, EM, TEM, etc. I'll take boxes, binders, files, whatever. Thanks, Henry 773-267-3100 henry-at-cmsp.com
Randy, Regarding the LR White question: I had great success with completely filled flat bottom BEEM capsules and also with a small vacuum oven that I flushed with nitrogen gas and pumped down 3 times then left pumped down overnight at 60 degrees. I polymerized lots of material in open dishes that way.
Regarding the remote opener: I successfully revived mine after doing a wet exit from a kayak with my keys on my belt. It was fun watching the car lock and unlock itself while the remote was drying out at the other side of the house. I opened it and washed it with clean water then allowed it to dry and all was well. I never dried bleaching it, though. Good luck.
Kim {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} Kim Rensing PhD Research Associate Wood Science, UBC 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {}
On 23-Nov-04, at 7:52 AM, Tindall, Randy D. wrote:
} } } ----------------------------------------------------------------------- } ------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ----------------------------------------------------------------------- } -------- } } Dear Listers, } } I'm checking with the collective microscopy mind for favorite } techniques } of using LR White for embedding cell culture layers. What we want to } do } is use the "pop-off" technique of snapping the cover slip off the end } of } a resin block after immersion in liquid nitrogen. For regular } ultrastructure work this is by far the easiest and most relliable } method } I've tried, but it's been a problem with immuno samples. } } We are experimenting somewhat successfully with using flat molds with } circular cover slips on the top, covered in turn with large rectangular } coverslips to seal out the oxygen. Our next tests will be with } polymerization chambers filled with nitrogen, argon, or some gas other } than pesky oxygen. } } If anyone has any pet techniques for this they might be willing to } share, I'd love to hear them. This has been a recurring problem for us } and we seem to be getting more cell cultures for immuno work all the } time. I'd be happy to share the results of our tests, as well. } } Finally, on an entirely different note, we have an office pool going on } whether or not a set of car keys with a remote door/window/etc. opener } will function after having been flushed down a toilet, rescued, and } subjected to a bleach bath for 24 hours. I say no, and lab-mate Cheryl } says yes (after putting in a new battery). Before investing a whole } buck in this, I need opinions. } } Happy Thanksgiving! } } Randy
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 24 04:58:01 2004
About the car key problem - my own experience is that if you go swimming in salt water with the keys to your new Saab in your bathing suit pocket, you won't be able to disable the alarm later and your car won't start, no matter what you do. Boy, did I find that out the hard way....
Frank
F.C. Thomas FThomas-at-NRCan.gc.ca, 902-426-4635, facsimile 902-426-6152 GSC Atlantic Natural Resources Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2 Ressources naturelles Canada, l'Institut Oceanographique du Bedford, B.P. 1006, Dartmouth, (Nouvelle-Ecosse) B2Y 4A2 Government of Canada/Gouvernement du Canada
-----Original Message----- } From: Chris Jeffree [mailto:c.jeffree-at-ed.ac.uk] Sent: Tuesday, November 23, 2004 3:42 PM To: Tindall, Randy D. Cc: microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com
Could anyone please tell me a ** simple ** way to estimate the thickness of sputtered gold, for example by light or IR absorbance of a film on glass? All my searches so far have turned up apparatus like the Hummer thickness monitor.
----------------------------------- Robert H. Olley Reply to: R.H.Olley-at-reading.ac.uk URL: http://www.rdg.ac.uk/~spsolley -----------------------------------
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 24 12:43:23 2004
A simple method is to use a color spectrophotometer in a transmission or reflectance mode and use thin film modeling techniques. See any book on spectrophotometry of thin films or ellipsometry. There are commercial thin film programs available. Two that I am familiar with are TFCalc and FilmStar. You can also write your own. The principles are straightforward and you can implement them even in Excel. The optical properties of gold, n and k, as a function of wavelength are well known and can easily be found.
You might want to try to get your hands on some back issues of Vacuum Technology and Coatings. Peter Martin from Pacific Northwest National Laboratories has a regular series in it and he had one on optical coatings and how they are characterized. The basics were covered in his articles. Sorry, I do not hve the issue numbers, but you might want to either contact the editor or Peter directly.
-Scott
Scott D. Walck, Ph.D. PPG Industries, Inc. Glass Technology Center P. O. Box 11472 (letters) Guys Run Rd. (packages) Pittsburgh, PA 15238-0472 Walck-at-PPG.com (412) 820-8651 (office) (412) 820-8515 (fax)
-----Original Message----- } From: Robert H. Olley [mailto:hinmeigeng-at-hotmail.com] Sent: Wednesday, November 24, 2004 8:59 AM To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com
Could anyone please tell me a ** simple ** way to estimate the thickness of sputtered gold, for example by light or IR absorbance of a film on glass? All my searches so far have turned up apparatus like the Hummer thickness monitor.
----------------------------------- Robert H. Olley Reply to: R.H.Olley-at-reading.ac.uk URL: http://www.rdg.ac.uk/~spsolley -----------------------------------
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 24 12:56:55 2004
We used AFM to measure the thickness of sputtered coatings.
======================== Evgenia Pekarskaya Keck Electron Microscopy Laboratory University of Massachusetts, Amherst Tel. 413 545 2261 E-fax 325 202 7338 http://www.umassmicroscopy.com/ ========================
-----Original Message----- } From: Robert H. Olley (by way of MicroscopyListserver) [mailto:hinmeigeng-at-hotmail.com] Sent: Wednesday, November 24, 2004 8:59 AM To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com
Could anyone please tell me a ** simple ** way to estimate the thickness of sputtered gold, for example by light or IR absorbance of a film on glass? All my searches so far have turned up apparatus like the Hummer thickness monitor.
----------------------------------- Robert H. Olley Reply to: R.H.Olley-at-reading.ac.uk URL: http://www.rdg.ac.uk/~spsolley -----------------------------------
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 24 14:22:25 2004
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Although now working for JEOL, I used to work for Philips and know the EM400 series fairly well ...
You don't say if this is a new or used EDS detector but absolutely critical to successful operation of the EDS is the right collimator. This must have been designed to work with your specific model of 400 and EDS detector. Otherwise, any data will probably be useless.
The collimator should also have some sort of electron trap or shield. In the main mag ranges, the field of the objective lens completely contains the electrons coming down the column. When you go into the low mag range, the objective lens goes to a very low current. You can then get significant scattering of primary electrons into the ED detector - this will, in the short term swamp the detector which will then take some time to recover. Longer exposure or repeated short-term exposure will trash the Si(Li) crystal. Some collimators have a mechanical shutter which uses the objective field to open and close it. Permanent magnet systems have also been used. Of course, you can physically retract the detector if you are going to go into low mag mode but that is a bit of a pain.
You can do a lot of useful EDS with Cu or Al grids but don't forget Cu has low-energy L lines. I never used Be grids - principally because of cost, which also meant that throwing them away wasn't an issue since they had to be recycled! I'm sure there are now health and safety regulations but I doubt that disposing of such small amount of metalic Be is a real problem.
Check your condenser apertures - although a matter for debate, I always used 'top-hat' apertures. These have a thick section around the hole and reduce X-rays coming down the column which may result in misleading spectra or spurious peaks.
Don't forget - you can only do decent ED analysis with the object aperture 'out' otherwise BS electrons from the objective aperture also hit the sample and completely mess up the spectra.
There should be an adjustable 'bar' which goes under the ED dewar and braces it against the main frame of the TEM. There is a threaded collar to adjust which should be set fairly tight. Depending on the age of your 400, there may or may not be a hole in the panelling, just to the left of the column for the lower end of this bar to pass through, to brace against the frame. If this bar is not used, you 'may' get vibration problems affecting the image at higher magnification.
Also be aware that any build up of water ice in the dewar might also cause sufficient noise to cause problems with both the ED spectra and the TEM image.
Hope that is useful. -- Larry Stoter JEOL (UK) Ltd tel: +44-(0)1707-377117, fax: +44-(0)1707-373254, e-mail: larrys-at-jeoleuro.com
PLEASE NOTE 1. Any mail other than plain text will be automatically deleted. 2. Any mail, legitimate or not, apparently or actually from hotmail, netscape, yahoo or excite will automatically be deleted. 3. Mail with no subject or without a clear subject will be ignored :-)
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Wed Nov 24 17:22:55 2004
Dear Robert, I always told my students who wanted to know the thickness of the sputtered gold to weight the glass piece before and after deposition and work it out. That usually convinced them that they didn't really need to know. Most times I just tell them what I think it is, about ten nanometers; who's to say it isn't right. I used to have a chart from Hummer with a curve showing the thickness of deposition vs. time for a specified voltage and current. Good luck, Mary Mager Electron Microscopist Department of Materials Engineering University of British Columbia 6350 Stores Road Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 CANADA Tel: 604-822-5648 Fax: 604-822-3619 e-mail: mager-at-interchange.ubc.ca ----- Original Message ----- } From: "Robert H. Olley (by way of MicroscopyListserver)" {hinmeigeng-at-hotmail.com} To: {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} Sent: Wednesday, November 24, 2004 5:59 AM
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (wqsm-at-hotmail.com) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Wednesday, November 24, 2004 at 16:20:14 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question: I wanna stain the ultrathin HDPE sample(after section) using RuO4 vapour. Could anyone give me some idear about the suitable stain time? Thans!
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (wall1-at-llnl.gov) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Wednesday, November 24, 2004 at 16:45:37 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question: I am looking for software that will create a single in-focus image (tiff image files) from a series of images that are taken at different (known) focus settings/heights. The application is for imaging metallography samples that are not very flat or have considerable roughness to them.
An additional bonus for us is to be able to have a 3-D plot of the surface topography as well.
I would like to know if somebody has experienced high amplitude low frequency noise in tapping mode and hence no images. Whereas in contact mode images are okay if we lower the gains. Shashi Singh Hyderabad India
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Thu Nov 25 12:28:02 2004
Please check out our website (http://www.soft-imaging.com/rd/english/416.htm) for our EFI (Extended Focal Imaging). It does precisely what you are looking for. If you need further information, please contact me by email or call me.
Thanks.
Mike
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: wall1-at-llnl.gov [mailto:wall1-at-llnl.gov] Sent: Wednesday, November 24, 2004 20:35 To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Please check out our website (http://www.soft-imaging.com/rd/english/416.htm) for our EFI (Extended Focal Imaging). It does precisely what you are looking for. If you need further information, please contact me by email or call me.
Thanks.
Mike
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 12596 West Bayaud Avenue Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 =================================== phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: mailto:info-at-soft-imaging.com web: http://www.soft-imaging.com ===================================
-----Original Message----- } From: wall1-at-llnl.gov [mailto:wall1-at-llnl.gov] Sent: Wednesday, November 24, 2004 20:35 To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com
There have been a number of requests, including from Nestor but ...
{Rant mode on :-))
IF YOU ARE NOT COLLECTING YOUR E-MAIL, UNSUBSCRIBE FROM THE LIST.
DO NOT JUST SET UP AN 'OUT OF OFFICE' AUTO REPLY.
OTHERWISE ANYBODY POSTING TO THE LIST GETS DELUGED WITH 'OUT OF OFFICE AUTO REPLIES'.
(because the default reply address for the list is the originator)
To such an extent, that I am tempted to not only not post to the list anymore but permanently unsubscribe.
IF ANY SUBSCRIBERS CAN'T UNDERSTAND THIS, PLEASE CONTACT ME AND I WILL TRY TO EXPLAIN EVEN MORE SIMPLY.
{Rant Mode Off :-))
Thank you, -- Larry Stoter PLEASE NOTE 1. Any mail other than plain text will be automatically deleted. 2. Any mail, legitimate or not, apparently or actually from hotmail, netscape, yahoo or excite will automatically be deleted. 3. Mail with no subject or without a clear subject will be ignored :-)
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Fri Nov 26 10:00:38 2004
This is my first post to the Microscopy list and it concerns an image processing problem that I need help with. I am looking at cell-size and morphology in an epithelial cell-structure. To help illustrate my problem I have put some images on a webpage and I will be referring to those images below: {http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~smgxro1/page1.html}
The cell-structure is imaged with a fluorescent Microscope at 40x. To determine the individual cell size I look at a region-of-interest (ROI) in the Frequency domain where the peak spatial frequency can easily be converted into the average cell-size (top-right corner of image 4 and 5). The tissue sample is around 5 cm square and it is quite a delicate process to prepare and flat-mount it (image 1). To get the Fourier transform to register a distinct peak frequency I use the following pre-processing steps (results can be seen on the left of image 4 and 5): 1) Blind deconvolution - to improve image resolution and compensate for out-of-focus areas of the flat-mounted tissue. 2) Uniform local histogram equalisation (CLAHE) - to optimally enhance image contrast. 3) Gaussian low-pass filtering - to eliminate low-frequency changes (due to uneven illumination, tissue thickness etc.).
Once I have the peak frequency of a given ROI and I know the image px/µm ratio I can derive the mean cell-size. Finally, I plot the mean cell-size and the standard deviation against the distance from the centre of the tissue (the cell-size increases with distance from centre). In the centre of the tissue the cells are tightly packed in a hexagonal lattice, which makes it ideal for an isotropic Fourier analysis (image 2 and 4). However, towards the extreme periphery several morphological changes take place: The cell shapes becomes severely deformed, the cell contents change (and hence, the pixel brightness, edge gradients etc.) and none-RPE cells are mixed into the lattice. Image 3 illustrates but one of countless and random cell configurations and as a consequence the frequency spectra becomes even harder to evaluate (top-right of image 5).
These are my two questions: 1) How can I improve on the pre-processing of the microscopic images to enhance the cell-walls, or edges and eliminate other non-continues cell artefacts? 2) The mean cell size and it's standard deviation give a very accurate measurement of the central and highly regular lattice, but when the cell structure becomes more irregular, it is less meaningful. Are there better spatial descriptors - and methods to measure them - for the random cell shapes that I encounter at the periphery of the tissue?
Good Afternoon, I have samples that when viewed by reflected light have an undulating surface with fine texture on both the high and low areas. I would like to quantify areas of the sample according to texture. Any suggestions how this might be done? Is there software available for such an application?
Thanks, Paul
Paul J. Gerroir Microscopy Materials Characterization Xerox Research Centre of Canada 2660 Speakman Drive Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2L1
In a message dated 11/26/04 4:38:38 PM, paul.gerroir-at-xrcc.xeroxlabs.com writes:
} I have samples that when viewed by reflected light have an undulating } surface with fine texture on both the high and low areas. I would like } to quantify areas of the sample according to texture. Any suggestions } how this might be done? Is there software available for such an } application?
There are quite a few ways to convert textural differences to brightness differences that can be used to threshold the image for measurement of areas. Most image processing programs include at least things like the calculating the variance of a neighborhood centered on each pixel, or the range between the brightest and darkest pixel. Also useful is the local neighborhood entropy, the loca fractal dimension, etc. If you can either mail me an example image or the address of an ftp site to get it, I will see which of the routines in Fovea Pro work best for your particular images.
John Russ
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Sat Nov 27 12:17:31 2004
Please check out our website (http://www.soft-imaging.com/rd/english/416.htm) for our EFI (Extended Focal Imaging). It does precisely what you are looking for. If you need further information, please contact me by email or call me.
Thanks.
Mike
----- Original Message ----- } From: "by way of MicroscopyListserver" {wall1-at-llnl.gov} To: {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} Sent: Thursday, November 25, 2004 4:34 AM
Some time ago, wishing to break the instant film photography stranglehold on microscopy, I purchased a Kodak MDS100 digital camera on eBay. The camera has been working quite well, but I recently made a discovery (for myself, at least) that a blue filter dramatically improved its image quality. My original application, on an Olympus SZH stereomicroscope, does not permit the practical recording of images with a blue filter because of the dramatic reduction in transmitted light, but the Bausch & Lomb Research (I) 'scope about which I recently gloated does. This metallograph uses a patented system of vertical illumination that greatly increases the image brightness, so enough light gets to the MDS100's CCD sensor to overcome its low sensitivity to the shorter wavelengths of visible light. What a difference the blue filter makes in comparison to the usual dichroic green filter that one usually uses for greyscale imaging ! I puzzled over this at first, but then I realized that the image color that the MDS100 sensed with the green filter is still somewhat reddish, whereas the blue filter gives a bright blue image. And the focal distance changes dramatically as well. That gives away the secret of the blue filter - it blocks the longer wavelengths. On the other hand, the bias in sensitivity of the CCD for long wavelengths is able to overcome the lesser ability of the green filter to block the red & IR light. On the Olympus stereomicroscope I use an IR filter, and that works well enough if I adjust the colors after making the images.
George Langford, Sc.D. amenex-at-amenex.com http://www.amenex.com/
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Sun Nov 28 18:15:03 2004
Most end users have no control when out of office(OOF) replies are sent. Microsoft mail servers(which are the biggest cause of this problem) default to send OOF messages to the internet instead of only to "local" users.
Last time I posted, 99% of the OOF replies I received were from MS mail servers. This stupid default option cannot usually be altered by the end user, it can only be changed by the network/mail administrator.
Bob
On 26 Nov 2004, at 7:48, Larry Stoter wrote:
} } } There have been a number of requests, including from Nestor but ... } } {Rant mode on :-)) } } IF YOU ARE NOT COLLECTING YOUR E-MAIL, UNSUBSCRIBE FROM THE LIST. } } DO NOT JUST SET UP AN 'OUT OF OFFICE' AUTO REPLY. } } OTHERWISE ANYBODY POSTING TO THE LIST GETS DELUGED WITH 'OUT OF } OFFICE AUTO REPLIES'. } } (because the default reply address for the list is the originator) } } To such an extent, that I am tempted to not only not post to the list } anymore but permanently unsubscribe. } } IF ANY SUBSCRIBERS CAN'T UNDERSTAND THIS, PLEASE CONTACT ME AND I } WILL TRY TO EXPLAIN EVEN MORE SIMPLY. } } {Rant Mode Off :-)) } } Thank you, } -- } Larry Stoter } PLEASE NOTE } 1. Any mail other than plain text will be automatically deleted. } 2. Any mail, legitimate or not, apparently or actually from hotmail, } netscape, yahoo or excite will automatically be deleted. } 3. Mail with no subject or without a clear subject will be ignored :-) }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Sun Nov 28 19:31:30 2004
Yes, but the suggestion I made a few months ago after receiving a flood of autoreplies would work, ie subscribe to the list with a different email address, even a hotmail account.
cheers
rtch
Date sent: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 18:39:24 -0600 } From: Bob Sunley {rosunley-at-shaw.ca}
I have had little success in ruthenium tetroxide staining thin sections of polyethylene or any other polyolefin. Recommend that you check out the following reference for staining of polyolefins for SEM or TEM:
G.M. Brown and J.H. Butler, Polymer, 38 (15), 3937, 1997.
Cheers,
"The statements and opinions expressed here by Gary M. Brown represent neither those of ExxonMobil Corporation nor its affiliates."
Gary M. Brown ExxonMobil Chemical Company Baytown Technology & Engineering - West 5200 Bayway Drive Baytown, Texas 77520-2101 phone: (281) 834-2387 fax: (281) 834-2395 e-mail: Gary.M.Brown-at-ExxonMobil.com
wqsm-at-hotmail.com (by way of To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com MicroscopyListserver) cc: Subject: [Microscopy] viaWWW: stain the ultrathin HDPE sample
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Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (wqsm-at-hotmail.com) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Wednesday, November 24, 2004 at 16:20:14 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question: I wanna stain the ultrathin HDPE sample(after section) using RuO4 vapour. Could anyone give me some idear about the suitable stain time? Thans!
I am testing various soil samples for Phosphorus content. Any suggestions given the fact that P is very low in content and silicon is everywhere.
Your suggestions, please. I am not a soil scientist.
Thanks. Winnie
Edwina W. Westbrook Electron Microscopy Laboratories Agricultural Research Station M. T. Carter Building, room 129 P.O.Box 9061 Virginia State University Petersburg, VA 23806 (804)-524-5659 fax (804)-524-5622 ewestbro-at-vsu.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 29 09:19:16 2004
It has become essential that we retrofit a CM10 TEM with a digital camera system. I am trying to get information together for a grant application. The microscope currently has a 35mm camera system, with no other imaging system installed other than the viewing screen, of course. We have received a quote from FEI for a system which would entail modifying the column. I am aware of one alternate supplier. However, I believe there must be more out there. Could anyone advise as to alternative suppliers? Both who they are and what experiences you may have had with them? As someone who has been forced to become more realistic in life, I realize some responses will come from suppliers of equipment. If you are a supplier, could you please tell me what you have that would entail column modifications, what you have that would not, performance specifications, and provide a rough idea of the cost. I am not be asking for a quote today, just general ranges of cost.
Obviously, since we do not want to get into advertising and testimonials, perhaps off the list server would be best.
Thanks
paul
Paul R. Hazelton, PhD Electron Microscope Unit University of Manitoba Department of Medical Microbiology 531 Basic Medical Sciences Building 730 William Avenue Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 0W3 e-mail: paul_hazelton-at-umanitoba.ca Phone:204-789-3313 Pager:204-931-954 Cell:204-781-1502 Fax:204-789-3926
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 29 10:02:39 2004
ok i never get many out od office replies, if i do I know where the delete button is, rather than rasie an issue that only contributes to the excess junk email. i allso have a bulk mail folder where everything goes that i don't care about. john --- Ritchie Sims {r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz} wrote:
} } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The } Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } Yes, but the suggestion I made a few months ago } after receiving a flood of autoreplies } would work, ie subscribe to the list with a } different email address, even a hotmail } account. } } cheers } } rtch } } Date sent: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 18:39:24 -0600 } } From: Bob Sunley {rosunley-at-shaw.ca} } Subject: [Microscopy] Re: Errgrh - } Please READ! } To: Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } Send reply to: rosunley-at-shaw.ca } Priority: normal } } } } } } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------- } } -------- The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: } The Microscopy Society } } of America To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help } } } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------- } } --------- } } } } Larry et all, } } } } Most end users have no control when out of } office(OOF) replies are } } sent. Microsoft mail servers(which are the } biggest cause of this } } problem) default to send OOF messages to the } internet instead of only } } to "local" users. } } } } Last time I posted, 99% of the OOF replies I } received were from MS } } mail servers. This stupid default option cannot } usually be altered by } } the end user, it can only be changed by the } network/mail } } administrator. } } } } Bob } } } } } } On 26 Nov 2004, at 7:48, Larry Stoter wrote: } } } } } } } } } } } There have been a number of requests, including } from Nestor but ... } } } } } } {Rant mode on :-)) } } } } } } IF YOU ARE NOT COLLECTING YOUR E-MAIL, } UNSUBSCRIBE FROM THE LIST. } } } } } } DO NOT JUST SET UP AN 'OUT OF OFFICE' AUTO } REPLY. } } } } } } OTHERWISE ANYBODY POSTING TO THE LIST GETS } DELUGED WITH 'OUT OF } } } OFFICE AUTO REPLIES'. } } } } } } (because the default reply address for the list } is the originator) } } } } } } To such an extent, that I am tempted to not only } not post to the } } } list anymore but permanently unsubscribe. } } } } } } IF ANY SUBSCRIBERS CAN'T UNDERSTAND THIS, PLEASE } CONTACT ME AND I } } } WILL TRY TO EXPLAIN EVEN MORE SIMPLY. } } } } } } {Rant Mode Off :-)) } } } } } } Thank you, } } } -- } } } Larry Stoter } } } PLEASE NOTE } } } 1. Any mail other than plain text will be } automatically deleted. 2. } } } Any mail, legitimate or not, apparently or } actually from hotmail, } } } netscape, yahoo or excite will automatically be } deleted. 3. Mail } } } with no subject or without a clear subject will } be ignored :-) } } } } } } } } } } } -- } Ritchie Sims Ph D Phone : 64 9 3737599 ext 87713 } Microanalyst Fax : 64 9 } 3737435 } Department of Geology email : } r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz } The University of Auckland } Private Bag 92019 } Auckland } New Zealand } } }
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 29 11:23:04 2004
Soil is such a heterogeneous material, I wonder if x-ray microanalysis is the right method to use when one ends up looking at such a small sample size.
I am testing various soil samples for Phosphorus content. Any suggestions given the fact that P is very low in content and silicon is everywhere.
Your suggestions, please. I am not a soil scientist.
Thanks. Winnie
Edwina W. Westbrook Electron Microscopy Laboratories Agricultural Research Station M. T. Carter Building, room 129 P.O.Box 9061 Virginia State University Petersburg, VA 23806 (804)-524-5659 fax (804)-524-5622 ewestbro-at-vsu.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 29 11:36:29 2004
I have recently been researching this same software. Also, check out Auto-Montage from Syncroscopy. www.auto-montage.com
Shannan Little Electron Microscopy and Image Analysis Lab Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge AB Canada
-----Original Message----- } From: by way of MicroscopyListserver [mailto:wall1-at-llnl.gov] Sent: Wednesday, November 24, 2004 8:35 PM To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (wall1-at-llnl.gov) from http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Wednesday, November 24, 2004 at 16:45:37 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---
Question: I am looking for software that will create a single in-focus image (tiff image files) from a series of images that are taken at different (known) focus settings/heights. The application is for imaging metallography samples that are not very flat or have considerable roughness to them.
An additional bonus for us is to be able to have a 3-D plot of the surface topography as well.
A colleague has prepared some plant samples using HMDS. For the final step, he removed the samples from the bath and let them air dry. But the HMDS in the last bath is left over.
Depending on his results, he may want to process the rest of his samples using HMDS, and would expect to use quite abit. He has asked me whether it is possible to reuse what is left at the last step. Is there any reason why he can't do this? Should it be filtered to get rid of any small pieces of sample which broke off during handling?
Please let me know, and I'll forward the replies to him.
Thanks in advance for your help.
Regards,
Paula.
Paula M. Allan-Wojtas Research Scientist - Food Microstructure/chercheur scientique - microstructure des aliments Food Safety and Quality team/ Salubrité et qualité des aliments Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada Telephone/Téléphone: 902-679-5566 Facsimile/Télécopieur: 902-679-2311 32 Main Street/ 32, rue Main Kentville, Nova Scotia/ Kentville (Nouvelle-Écosse) B4N 1J5
allanwojtasp-at-agr.gc.ca
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 29 12:04:55 2004
Three approaches come to mind, depending on the size of the fine structure: a. Simple interferometry - several of the manufacturers carry small Michelson or Tolansky interferometers which typically fit 10x objectives but, in some cases, go up to 50x objectives. Interferometry is one of those forgotten techniques that is very useful in this sort of application. b. More advanced interferometry - companies such as Zygo and the Wyko part of Veeco make scanning white light interferometers which will automatically calculate a number of parameters which can be used to characterize the surface. Visit either www.zygo.com or www.veeco.com and look up their interferometry tools. c. Atomic force microscopy also provides a number of topography measurements. We've been working a lot lately with NTMDT (distributed through Nanotech-America... new website is due to go up shortly at www.nt-america.com, but you can also visit www.ntmdt.com - caveat... we do have a commercial interest in this product), but there are also a number of other AFM/SPM companies in the field.
Hope this was helpful.
Best regards, Barbara Foster Microscopy/Microscopy Education
We've moved! 313 S Jupiter Rd, Suite 100 Allen, TX 75002 P: 972-954-8011 W: www.MicroscopyEducation.com
P. S. Need a good general reference or light microscopy text? Visit our website to learn more about "Optimizing LIght Microscopy". Copies still available through MME... even for class-room lots ... and we give quantity discounts.
At 02:43 PM 11/26/2004, Gerroir, Paul wrote:
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 29 12:54:14 2004
We have looked at soils from time to time. I don't think I would want to try to analyze phosphorus by EDS. You could try doing a shotgun analysis, but you will have some problems unless you have a thick, smooth layer of soil. The phosphorus may not be uniformly distributed and even through you analyze at low magnification, you run a risk of finding a few grains in any given field that would skew the results.
The content is generally quite low and EDS is limited to a detection limit of about 0.3%. Even then, you wouldn't have very good sensitivity for comparing samples.
In short, I would probably look for an x-ray fluorescence unit or some other means better suited to bulk analysis at low concentrations.
Warren
At 09:17 AM 11/29/04, you wrote:
} Hello, Everyone, } } I am testing various soil samples for Phosphorus content. Any suggestions } given the fact that P is very low in content and silicon is everywhere. } } Your suggestions, please. I am not a soil scientist. } } Thanks. } Winnie } } Edwina W. Westbrook } Electron Microscopy Laboratories } Agricultural Research Station } M. T. Carter Building, room 129 } P.O.Box 9061 } Virginia State University } Petersburg, VA 23806 } (804)-524-5659 } fax (804)-524-5622 } ewestbro-at-vsu.edu
------------------------------------------- No files should be attached to this message ------------------------------------------- Warren E. Straszheim, Ph.D. Materials Analysis and Research Lab Iowa State University 46 Town Engineering Ames IA, 50011-3232
FYI. If you are interested please visit the site or contact me directly with your resume.
Thanks
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 29 13:13:22 2004
I should have been a bit more detailed. Remember, I am not the soil scientist, however, wet chemistry is the method of testing...spectroscopy (ICP) and chromatography. Those methods are performed in the soil lab. My task is simply to place a dbl sticky SEM stub into a soil sample, coat with carbon and view in the SEM (randomly selected areas), generate a spectra and maps. SEM/EDAX is in addition to the well documented soil analysis methods.
Wanted to get some feedback or direction from all of you who are far more knowledgeable and generate discussion that may benefit others as well.
Thank you.
Winnie
Edwina W. Westbrook Electron Microscopy Laboratories Agricultural Research Station M. T. Carter Building, room 129 P.O.Box 9061 Virginia State University Petersburg, VA 23806 (804)-524-5659 fax (804)-524-5622 ewestbro-at-vsu.edu
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Hello, Everyone,
I am testing various soil samples for Phosphorus content. Any suggestions given the fact that P is very low in content and silicon is everywhere.
Your suggestions, please. I am not a soil scientist.
Thanks. Winnie
Edwina W. Westbrook Electron Microscopy Laboratories Agricultural Research Station M. T. Carter Building, room 129 P.O.Box 9061 Virginia State University Petersburg, VA 23806 (804)-524-5659 fax (804)-524-5622 ewestbro-at-vsu.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 29 13:29:29 2004
Question: I am looking for software that will create a single in-focus image (tiff image files) from a series of images that are taken at different (known) focus settings/heights. The application is for imaging metallography samples that are not very flat or have considerable roughness to them.
An additional bonus for us is to be able to have a 3-D plot of the surface topography as well.
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 29 14:40:37 2004
My Name is Tom Sadowski and I am currently a student at Southern Connecticut State University. I am currently involved in a project that is using a Digital Instruments AFM microscope. Unfortunately, all of the images are stored in their own proprietary format. I wish to do a batch conversion of these images to a more standard format, especially uncompressed TIFF. Does anyone know of a method I can use to do this? Any help would be greatly appreciated
Thank you once again Thomas Sadowski Southern Connecticut State University
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 29 14:44:38 2004
Due to space constraints, our department must part with bound copies of the following journals. If you can provide a good home for these journals please contact me off-line by email or phone.
Scanning Electron Microscopy 1972-1986 Proceedings of the Electron Microscopy Scociety of America (a.k.a. MSA) 1967-1999, and 2002.
Regards, Joe Neilly, Research Investigator Abbott Laboratories R4R9, AP31 200 Abbott Park Rd. Abbott Park, IL 60064-6202
I understand your frustration. I have been the recipient of such messages numerous times.
But there really is no need to unsubscribe. As you noted, the replies go back to the poster rather than the list. (That would be really messy.) Therefore, if you never post, you would never get an OUT OF OFFICE reply. {g} However, I think most of us hope that you would stick around _and_ continue posting.
Warren Straszheim Iowa State University
P.S. So far I have only gotten one of these infernal replies to my recent posting. I expect more will be on the way. Then there will also be the crop that results from this posting.
At 01:48 AM 11/26/04, you wrote:
} There have been a number of requests, including from Nestor but ... } } {Rant mode on :-)) } IF YOU ARE NOT COLLECTING YOUR E-MAIL, UNSUBSCRIBE FROM THE LIST. } DO NOT JUST SET UP AN 'OUT OF OFFICE' AUTO REPLY. } OTHERWISE ANYBODY POSTING TO THE LIST GETS DELUGED WITH 'OUT OF OFFICE } AUTO REPLIES'. } (because the default reply address for the list is the originator) } To such an extent, that I am tempted to not only not post to the list } anymore but permanently unsubscribe. } IF ANY SUBSCRIBERS CAN'T UNDERSTAND THIS, PLEASE CONTACT ME AND I WILL TRY } TO EXPLAIN EVEN MORE SIMPLY. } {Rant Mode Off :-)) } } Thank you, } -- } Larry Stoter
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 29 16:48:32 2004
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (jean-paul.bailon-at-polymtl.ca) from http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html on Monday, November 29, 2004 at 12:18:24 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Organization: Ecole Polytechnique Montreal (QC) canada
Title-Subject: [Microscopy] [Filtered] Re: monte CArlo SImulation of electroN trajectory in sOlids
Question: The "surface radius of BE" generated by CASINO is in fact a simple histogram : "Number of backscattered electrons - vs - Radius". Here, "Radius" is defined as the distance at which a given BE is exiting the specimen. The origin of this distance is taken at the entry point of the electron probe (primary electrons). If you simulate the trajectories for a large number of primary electrons, this histogram gives you an good approximation of the size of the specimen surface emitting the BE. This information may be useful if you want to known, at least as a first approximation, the spatial limit of resolution of a BE image.
Jean-Paul BaÔlon Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal (QC) Canada
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While I certainly understand that you've been asked to do a particular test, I think the point that Damian was making is that it seems to some of us to be the wrong test to do. As Warren pointed out, XRF would be the first choice for this kind of analysis, but you're telling us that your analytical chem folks are already doing bulk analysis.
Maybe a better question to ask would be why someone thinks that an EDX spectrum would be useful in this situation? Doing randomly selected areas at a low mag might give you a decent bulk value, but XRF will give you the same information with better sensitivity - on the order of parts per million. If they want close ups - i.e., high mag, then the question is how they plan to eliminate the sampling bias? You're not guaranteed to sample all the species in the sample.
Brent
-- Brent Neal, Ph.D. Reindeer Graphics, Inc. brent-at-reindeergraphics.com
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Mon Nov 29 21:24:03 2004
Dear Sadowski You can save veeco images in their soft ware only. After doing offline correction, the images can be saved ib tiff, jpeg or any other format by going to utilities. Shashi singh CCMB Hyderabad INdia
Hello,
My Name is Tom Sadowski and I am currently a student at Southern Connecticut State University. I am currently involved in a project that is using a Digital Instruments AFM microscope. Unfortunately, all of the images are stored in their own proprietary format. I wish to do a batch conversion of these images to a more standard format, especially uncompressed TIFF. Does anyone know of a method I can use to do this? Any help would be greatly appreciated
Thank you once again Thomas Sadowski Southern Connecticut State University
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From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 30 03:33:49 2004
Hello, Our problem is solved. It was caused by PS2 power supply. The PC part of DX4 was completely without any energy. If you like to see PS2 power supply, the image is on following page:
I think that the recent post on this subject from Jean-Paul BaÔlon is misleading - sorry Jean-Paul. I started to look into this but have not had time to finish the investigation but...
The size of the region from which backscattered electrons come is much bigger than the resolution in the image.
The resolution in a secondary electron image corresponds to a distance much smaller than the size of the area from which the secondary electrons are emitted. This is well known. See for example, page 197 of the latest edition of the Goldstein et al book.
Something similar happens with backscattered electrons, though this is more controversial. The plot that Jean-Paul refers to is a plot of number of backscattered electrons against distance. If instead the graph is made to plot number of electrons against position (divide the first plot by 2pi times the radius) then the situation looks quite different.
The number of backscattered electrons per unit area from the surface is sharply peaked at the center and details in the image can be seen at lengths related to this sharpness rather than the size of the whole area from which electrons come.
This is the explanation for the fact that backscattered images show details much smaller than a simple Monte Carlo result would suggest.
Alwyn -- .......... Alwyn Eades Department of Materials Science and Engineering Lehigh University 5 East Packer Avenue Bethlehem Pennsylvania 18015-3195 Phone 610 758 4231 Fax 610 758 4244 jae5-at-lehigh.edu
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 30 07:39:46 2004
If I understand your problem, what you (or your colleagues) are tying to determine is what mineral phase the P is present in. This would require that you analyze individual particles, and enough particles enriched with P to say something about the sample. If you are making maps of your sample you must be interested in some spatial features of P distribution in your sample. While X-ray mapping is a way to get at this, you might want to try a different prep technique to improve the mapping results. I recall reading an article on preparing polished cross sections of soil samples in the July 2004 Microscopy and Analysis that dealt with archaeological soil samples and might be of some use.
Hope this helps,
Bryan Bandli
Edwina Westbrook wrote:
} I should have been a bit more detailed. Remember, I am not the soil scientist, however, wet chemistry is the method of testing...spectroscopy (ICP) and chromatography. Those methods are performed in the soil lab. My task is simply to place a dbl sticky SEM stub into a soil sample, coat with carbon and view in the SEM (randomly selected areas), generate a spectra and maps. SEM/EDAX is in addition to the well documented soil analysis methods. } } Wanted to get some feedback or direction from all of you who are far more knowledgeable and generate discussion that may benefit others as well. } } Thank you. } } Winnie } } } } } } }
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 30 07:48:38 2004
Thomas, My experience with proprietary software formats has been that the vendor (in your case Digital Instruments) provides a means to "export" your data from their format into others. I would be surprised if they did not, since most of their end-users would want to take data from the microscope work with it either with analysis software or simply put it into Photoshop or PhotoImpact etc. which handle TIF. Check the manual and/or help menu for the AFM or call Digital Imaging. If they don't supply a conversion method, they should. Lee -- Leona Cohen-Gould, M.S. Sr. Staff Associate Director, Electron Microscopy Core Facility Manager, Optical Microscopy Core Facility Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University voice (212)746-6146 fax (212)746-8175
From MicroscopyL-request-at-ns.microscopy.com Tue Nov 30 08:50:51 2004
you should find the TIF export function through the menu of Utility in the Nanoscope offline data processing program bundled with the realtime software.
Hope it helps,
Susheng Tan
--- Thomas Sadowski {tommy91779-at-hotmail.com} wrote:
} } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The } Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Hello, } } My Name is Tom Sadowski and I am currently a student } at Southern Connecticut } State University. I am currently involved in a } project that is using a } Digital Instruments AFM microscope. Unfortunately, } all of the images are } stored in their own proprietary format. I wish to do } a batch conversion of } these images to a more standard format, especially } uncompressed TIFF. Does } anyone know of a method I can use to do this? Any } help would be greatly } appreciated } } } Thank you once again } Thomas Sadowski } Southern Connecticut State University } } } }
===== Susheng TAN, D.Sc. Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University 107 Physical Science Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078 Phone: (405)744-4835 Fax:(405)744-6007 eMail:tsushen-at-okstate.edu sstan33-at-yahoo.com
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