I respectfully refuse to buy what you say in point 1.
I agree that a wave at Nyquist frequency, which is aligned with the rows of pixels will in general be downweighted (and in the worst case deleted completely) due to the phase-mismatch you describe. However, this applies to exactly two plane waves in the entire spectrum, assuming that the scene to be digitized has a maximum frequency equal to Nyquist. Waves that run at an angle to the rows of pixels will be perfectly reconstructable (given all the relevant transfer functions). This is a minor problem, in my opinion, and doesn't require 1.5-fold oversampling. (1.1-fold would be plenty if you insist on fixing it.)
Any other ideas?
Philip
-----Original Message----- X-from: kevin-at-mediacy.com [mailto:kevin-at-mediacy.com] Sent: 31 August 2006 16:06 To: Philip.Koeck-at-biosci.ki.se
Two replies to different aspects of this question:
(1) Well, the reason for oversampling above Nyquist is actually fairly simple.
Think of the spatial frequencies (edges) as sine waves. Sampling at the Nyquist level of 2x the highest frequency allows you to sample the highest frequency incoming sine wave at peak and trough. Anything less and you will instead get a beat frequency from your samples. This is the _minimum_ sampling to get that high frequency.
Here's where I start reaching for the white-board pens...
However, if the high frequency is _out of phase_ with your samples, you might be perfectly sampling exactly where the input is crossing zero, resulting in no output data. Sampling right in phase gives maximum response, 90 degrees out of phase gives zero response. Hence the idea of sampling a little faster, as in 1.5x Nyquist, so that you get some peaks, some troughs, and can estimate the high frequency better.
-- Kevin Ryan Media Cybernetics, Inc. www.mediacy.com
} -----Original Message----- } From: Philip.Koeck-at-biosci.ki.se [mailto:Philip.Koeck-at-biosci.ki.se] } Sent: Thursday, August 31, 2006 5:55 AM } To: kevin-at-mediacy.com } Subject: [Microscopy] RE: Question: pixels, pixels, little pixels.... } } ... } } In summary: I don't think more pixels is better, but it might be } worse. } Choose the pixel size based on the contents of the scene you want to } digitize. } } If somebody can explain the merits of oversampling 1.5-fold to me } (beyond the simple explanation I've offered) I would be grateful. } } Philip }
==============================Original Headers============================== 24, 25 -- From Philip.Koeck-at-biosci.ki.se Fri Sep 1 05:22:40 2006 24, 25 -- Received: from smtp.biosci.ki.se (smtp.biosci.ki.se [130.237.109.196]) 24, 25 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k81AMdFB020947 24, 25 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Fri, 1 Sep 2006 05:22:40 -0500 24, 25 -- Received: from smtp.biosci.ki.se (localhost [127.0.0.1]) 24, 25 -- by localhost (Postfix) with ESMTP id E5D124FF01; 24, 25 -- Fri, 1 Sep 2006 12:22:36 +0200 (CEST) 24, 25 -- Received: from whale.csb.ki.se (whale.csb.ki.se [130.237.109.8]) 24, 25 -- by smtp.biosci.ki.se (Postfix) with SMTP id D5CF74FEF5; 24, 25 -- Fri, 1 Sep 2006 12:22:36 +0200 (CEST) 24, 25 -- Received: from rapana.csb.ki.se by whale.csb.ki.se (5.65v4.0/1.1.10.5/03Feb98-0237PM) 24, 25 -- id AA27600; Fri, 1 Sep 2006 12:22:36 +0200 24, 25 -- Message-Id: {10609011022.AA27600-at-whale.csb.ki.se} 24, 25 -- From: "Philip Koeck" {Philip.Koeck-at-biosci.ki.se} 24, 25 -- To: {kevin-at-mediacy.com} , {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} 24, 25 -- Subject: RE: [Microscopy] Question: pixels, pixels, little pixels.... 24, 25 -- Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2006 12:22:33 +0200 24, 25 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 24, 25 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 24, 25 -- charset="us-ascii" 24, 25 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit 24, 25 -- X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.6353 24, 25 -- In-Reply-To: {200608311405.k7VE5xD3019349-at-ns.microscopy.com} 24, 25 -- X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2962 24, 25 -- Thread-Index: AcbNBpYyXEQCHSOMQbWzzDoUFOvEoAAn1JHg ==============================End of - Headers==============================
In order to get measure of perimeter the image analyser software must be able to recognise a corner as distinct from a horizontal or vertical row of pixels, and apply a weighting factor when it encounters a corner (otherwise a D shape would give the same perimeter as an O shape if perimeter is calculated merely by pixel count).
However, even more importantly, perimeter is a measurement that truly varies with magnification, and hence resolution, of the measuring conditions. If you measure lung tissue alveolar wall area & perimeter by light microscopy and then by TEM, you will get roughly the same area measurement for both, but the perimeter value will be far higher. This is because under very high magnification you will encounter further tiny small scale convolutions that mirror the larger ones seen under light microscopy. Likewise if you measure the perimeter of UK on a map, you will naturally get an incredibly small perimeter value compared the very very large value you would measure if you actually walked round all of the coastline with a treadmill.
Object area can vary also with magnification as well, if the lower magnification fails to resolve many small objects amongst larger ones, but even in this case the area differences due to magnification would still be relatively small.
Regards
Keith
---------------------------------------------------------- Dr Keith J Morris Imaging Facilities Manager Cell Biology Division Institute of Ophthalmology University College London 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL
-----Original Message----- X-from: frank.karl-at-degussa.com [mailto:frank.karl-at-degussa.com] Sent: 30 August 2006 16:30 To: keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk
Hello Everyone, Recently I been in a discussion about how many pixels a feature should contain to provide meaningful results from image analysis. For example, if I threshold an image or measure a perimeter how many pixels do I need a feature to have as to insure I have "statistical meaningful" data. It seem intuitive that I should have as many as possible, but what about a particle or feature that has only 12 pixels maximum in one direction (say a fiber)?
I realize I could have a rectangle 9 by 7 pixels which would give me a diagonal of 11 pixels, but if I could only measure features that had at least 10 pixels would this feature have meaning?
I think I've expressed myself as clearly as my current understand is will allow me, I'll turn this question loose on the high tension thinkers out there!
Thanks
Frank Karl Degussa Corporation Akron Technical Center 3500 Embassy Parkway Suite 100 Akron, Ohio 44333
330-668-2235 Ext. 238
This e-mail transmission, and any documents, files or previous e-mail messages attached to it may contain information that is confidential or legally privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, or a person responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that you must not read this transmission and that any disclosure, copying, printing, distribution or use of any of the information contained in or attached to this transmission is STRICTLY PROHIBITED. If you have received this transmission in error, please immediately notify the sender by telephone or return e-mail and delete the original transmission and its attachments without reading or saving in any manner. Thank you.
==============================Original Headers============================== 10, 17 -- From frank.karl-at-degussa.com Wed Aug 30 10:24:53 2006 10, 17 -- Received: from malmailout1.rz.itson.com (mailout1.degussa.com [193.100.56.173]) 10, 17 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k7UFOp01018353 10, 17 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Wed, 30 Aug 2006 10:24:52 -0500 10, 17 -- Received: from mobuscomm01.mail.degussa.com (uss1026.applications.degussanet.com [10.88.88.98]) 10, 17 -- by malmailout1.rz.itson.com (8.13.3/8.13.3/Debian-6) with SMTP id k7UFOhD0022271 10, 17 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Wed, 30 Aug 2006 17:24:49 +0200 10, 17 -- Subject: Question: pixels, pixels, little pixels.... 10, 17 -- To: microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com 10, 17 -- X-Mailer: Lotus Notes Release 6.5.2 June 01, 2004 10, 17 -- Message-ID: {OF10988FCD.61D70032-ON852571DA.0052EAEE-852571DA.0054A7DA-at-degussa.com} 10, 17 -- From: frank.karl-at-degussa.com 10, 17 -- Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 11:24:39 -0400 10, 17 -- X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on MOBUSComm01/DHexternal/US(Release 6.5.1|January 21, 2004) at 10, 17 -- 08/30/2006 10:24:49 AM 10, 17 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 10, 17 -- Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII ==============================End of - Headers==============================
==============================Original Headers============================== 29, 26 -- From keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk Fri Sep 1 06:21:53 2006 29, 26 -- Received: from vscani-e2.ucl.ac.uk (vscani-e2.ucl.ac.uk [144.82.108.34]) 29, 26 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k81BLqv1031824 29, 26 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Fri, 1 Sep 2006 06:21:52 -0500 29, 26 -- Received: from cell23.ioo.ucl.ac.uk ([144.82.134.123] helo=keithhigrade) 29, 26 -- by vscani-e.ucl.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.60) 29, 26 -- (envelope-from {keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk} ) 29, 26 -- id 1GJ75m-0003to-0c 29, 26 -- for Microscopy-at-microscopy.com; Fri, 01 Sep 2006 12:21:46 +0100 29, 26 -- From: "Keith J Morris" {keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk} 29, 26 -- To: {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 29, 26 -- Subject: RE: [Microscopy] Question: pixels, pixels, little pixels.... 29, 26 -- Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2006 12:21:45 +0100 29, 26 -- Message-ID: {005a01c6cdb8$cf348500$7b865290-at-keithhigrade} 29, 26 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 29, 26 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 29, 26 -- charset="us-ascii" 29, 26 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit 29, 26 -- X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook 11 29, 26 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2962 29, 26 -- In-Reply-To: {200608301530.k7UFUEU3025287-at-ns.microscopy.com} 29, 26 -- Thread-Index: AcbMSTMuSc83fszEQ/GLZIAHWeHOYgBay+Uw 29, 26 -- X-UCL-MailScanner-Information: Please contact the UCL Helpdesk, helpdesk-at-ucl.ac.uk for more information 29, 26 -- X-UCL-MailScanner: Found to be clean 29, 26 -- X-UCL-MailScanner-From: keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk 29, 26 -- X-Spam-Status: No ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Mark, If you can move the cabinets away from the wall, even a half inch, the vibrations should lessen considerably. Pat Connelly NIH/NHLBI Bethesda, MD connellyps-at-mail.nih.gov
-----Original Message----- X-from: mbush-at-fit.edu [mailto:mbush-at-fit.edu] Sent: Thursday, August 31, 2006 6:53 PM To: Connelly, Patricia (NIH/NHLBI) [E]
Hi Keith,
The fact that the length of, say the coast of the UK, depends on the scale you are using is known as "fractal dimansion". A lot of work has been done on fractal dimensions, and it is not limited to digital images.
Regarding the original question about errors and reliability of measurements of digital images, I think that the answer is determined by applying the Nyquist-Shannon theorem to digital images. There is actually a very good explanation of this in Wikipedia (for the mathematically inclined):
If you read the article, it says that this theorem is valid for certain types of signals (band limited, "infinite sample", etc.) and that there are several practical considerations that need to be taken into account for real world signals and may require some oversampling:
"The sampling theorem does not say what happens when the conditions and procedures are not exactly met, but its proof suggests an analytical framework in which the non-ideality can be studied. A designer of a system that deals with sampling and reconstruction processes needs a thorough understanding of the signal to be sampled, in particular its frequency content, the sampling frequency, how the signal is reconstructed in terms of interpolation, and the requirement for the total reconstruction error, including aliasing and interpolation error. These properties and parameters may need to be carefully tuned in order to obtain a useful system."
Michael Bode, Ph.D.
General Manager
OLYMPUS SOFT IMAGING SOLUTIONS 12596 West Bayaud Ave #300 Lakewood, CO 80228 USA Tel.: +1 (303) 234-9270 Fax.: +1 (303) 234-9271 E-mail: Mike.Bode-at-olympus-sis.com www.olympus-sis.com
-----Original Message----- X-from: keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk [mailto:keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk] Sent: Friday, September 01, 2006 05:27 To: Mike Bode
Hi Frank,
In order to get measure of perimeter the image analyser software must be able to recognise a corner as distinct from a horizontal or vertical row of pixels, and apply a weighting factor when it encounters a corner (otherwise a D shape would give the same perimeter as an O shape if perimeter is calculated merely by pixel count).
However, even more importantly, perimeter is a measurement that truly varies with magnification, and hence resolution, of the measuring conditions. If you measure lung tissue alveolar wall area & perimeter by light microscopy and then by TEM, you will get roughly the same area measurement for both, but the perimeter value will be far higher. This is because under very high magnification you will encounter further tiny small scale convolutions that mirror the larger ones seen under light microscopy. Likewise if you measure the perimeter of UK on a map, you will naturally get an incredibly small perimeter value compared the very very large value you would measure if you actually walked round all of the coastline with a treadmill.
Object area can vary also with magnification as well, if the lower magnification fails to resolve many small objects amongst larger ones, but even in this case the area differences due to magnification would still be relatively small.
Regards
Keith
---------------------------------------------------------- Dr Keith J Morris Imaging Facilities Manager Cell Biology Division Institute of Ophthalmology University College London 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL
-----Original Message----- X-from: frank.karl-at-degussa.com [mailto:frank.karl-at-degussa.com] Sent: 30 August 2006 16:30 To: keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk
Hello Everyone, Recently I been in a discussion about how many pixels a feature should contain to provide meaningful results from image analysis. For example, if I threshold an image or measure a perimeter how many pixels do I need a feature to have as to insure I have "statistical meaningful" data. It seem intuitive that I should have as many as possible, but what about a particle or feature that has only 12 pixels maximum in one direction (say a fiber)?
I realize I could have a rectangle 9 by 7 pixels which would give me a diagonal of 11 pixels, but if I could only measure features that had at least 10 pixels would this feature have meaning?
I think I've expressed myself as clearly as my current understand is will allow me, I'll turn this question loose on the high tension thinkers out there!
Thanks
Frank Karl Degussa Corporation Akron Technical Center 3500 Embassy Parkway Suite 100 Akron, Ohio 44333
330-668-2235 Ext. 238
This e-mail transmission, and any documents, files or previous e-mail messages attached to it may contain information that is confidential or legally privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, or a person responsible for delivering it to the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that you must not read this transmission and that any disclosure, copying, printing, distribution or use of any of the information contained in or attached to this transmission is STRICTLY PROHIBITED. If you have received this transmission in error, please immediately notify the sender by telephone or return e-mail and delete the original transmission and its attachments without reading or saving in any manner. Thank you.
==============================Original Headers============================== 10, 17 -- From frank.karl-at-degussa.com Wed Aug 30 10:24:53 2006 10, 17 -- Received: from malmailout1.rz.itson.com (mailout1.degussa.com [193.100.56.173]) 10, 17 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k7UFOp01018353 10, 17 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Wed, 30 Aug 2006 10:24:52 -0500 10, 17 -- Received: from mobuscomm01.mail.degussa.com (uss1026.applications.degussanet.com [10.88.88.98]) 10, 17 -- by malmailout1.rz.itson.com (8.13.3/8.13.3/Debian-6) with SMTP id k7UFOhD0022271 10, 17 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Wed, 30 Aug 2006 17:24:49 +0200 10, 17 -- Subject: Question: pixels, pixels, little pixels.... 10, 17 -- To: microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com 10, 17 -- X-Mailer: Lotus Notes Release 6.5.2 June 01, 2004 10, 17 -- Message-ID: {OF10988FCD.61D70032-ON852571DA.0052EAEE-852571DA.0054A7DA-at-degussa.com} 10, 17 -- From: frank.karl-at-degussa.com 10, 17 -- Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 11:24:39 -0400 10, 17 -- X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on MOBUSComm01/DHexternal/US(Release 6.5.1|January 21, 2004) at 10, 17 -- 08/30/2006 10:24:49 AM 10, 17 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 10, 17 -- Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII ==============================End of - Headers==============================
==============================Original Headers============================== 29, 26 -- From keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk Fri Sep 1 06:21:53 2006 29, 26 -- Received: from vscani-e2.ucl.ac.uk (vscani-e2.ucl.ac.uk [144.82.108.34]) 29, 26 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k81BLqv1031824 29, 26 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Fri, 1 Sep 2006 06:21:52 -0500 29, 26 -- Received: from cell23.ioo.ucl.ac.uk ([144.82.134.123] helo=keithhigrade) 29, 26 -- by vscani-e.ucl.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.60) 29, 26 -- (envelope-from {keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk} ) 29, 26 -- id 1GJ75m-0003to-0c 29, 26 -- for Microscopy-at-microscopy.com; Fri, 01 Sep 2006 12:21:46 +0100 29, 26 -- From: "Keith J Morris" {keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk} 29, 26 -- To: {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 29, 26 -- Subject: RE: [Microscopy] Question: pixels, pixels, little pixels.... 29, 26 -- Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2006 12:21:45 +0100 29, 26 -- Message-ID: {005a01c6cdb8$cf348500$7b865290-at-keithhigrade} 29, 26 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 29, 26 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 29, 26 -- charset="us-ascii" 29, 26 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit 29, 26 -- X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook 11 29, 26 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2962 29, 26 -- In-Reply-To: {200608301530.k7UFUEU3025287-at-ns.microscopy.com} 29, 26 -- Thread-Index: AcbMSTMuSc83fszEQ/GLZIAHWeHOYgBay+Uw 29, 26 -- X-UCL-MailScanner-Information: Please contact the UCL Helpdesk, helpdesk-at-ucl.ac.uk for more information 29, 26 -- X-UCL-MailScanner: Found to be clean 29, 26 -- X-UCL-MailScanner-From: keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk 29, 26 -- X-Spam-Status: No ==============================End of - Headers==============================
==============================Original Headers============================== 44, 24 -- From Mike.Bode-at-olympus-sis.com Fri Sep 1 10:29:40 2006 44, 24 -- Received: from mail.soft-imaging.de (ns.soft-imaging.de [62.180.61.130]) 44, 24 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k81FTdZ4023800 44, 24 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Fri, 1 Sep 2006 10:29:39 -0500 44, 24 -- Received: from muenster.soft-imaging.net (muenster.soft-imaging.de [10.26.20.9]) 44, 24 -- by mail.soft-imaging.de (8.13.3/8.13.3/SuSE Linux 0.7) with ESMTP id k81FdfSp011618 44, 24 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Fri, 1 Sep 2006 17:39:43 +0200 44, 24 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.5 44, 24 -- Content-class: urn:content-classes:message 44, 24 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 44, 24 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 44, 24 -- charset="us-ascii" 44, 24 -- Subject: RE: [Microscopy] RE: Question: pixels, pixels, little pixels.... 44, 24 -- Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2006 17:24:19 +0200 44, 24 -- Message-ID: {78B53BA1C5A2D9449EDA30A98800EC944775B7-at-ms-s-gws.soft-imaging.net} 44, 24 -- In-Reply-To: {200609011126.k81BQk0x008243-at-ns.microscopy.com} 44, 24 -- X-MS-Has-Attach: 44, 24 -- X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 44, 24 -- Thread-Topic: [Microscopy] RE: Question: pixels, pixels, little pixels.... 44, 24 -- Thread-Index: AcbNuYTkt4R1RhzqSrK3eg10Kx5MWAAH5elQ 44, 24 -- From: "Mike Bode" {Mike.Bode-at-olympus-sis.com} 44, 24 -- To: {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 44, 24 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 44, 24 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k81FTdZ4023800 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
The College of Microscopy will be offering the following electron microscopy short courses this fall:
October 16-20 - Scanning Electron Microscopy
October 31-November 2 - Transmission Electron Microscopy
Both will be held at our Westmont, IL facility. In addition to lectures, these courses emphasize hands-on training using state of the art equipment. For further details and registration information, please follow the link below.
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Elaine Schumacher Senior Research Scientist McCrone Associates, Inc. 850 Pasquinelli Drive Westmont, IL 60559-5539 USA 630-887-7100 (tel) 630-887-7417 (fax) E-mail: eschumacher-at-mccrone.com Web Site: www.mccrone.com
==============================Original Headers============================== 10, 27 -- From eschumacher-at-mccrone.com Fri Sep 1 10:42:19 2006 10, 27 -- Received: from pgp.mccrone.com (McCrone-Associates-1051626.cust-rtr.ameritech.net [68.23.63.122]) 10, 27 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k81FgJUp001818 10, 27 -- for {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} ; Fri, 1 Sep 2006 10:42:19 -0500 10, 27 -- Received: from pgp.mccrone.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) 10, 27 -- by pgp.mccrone.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 536B81A8016 10, 27 -- for {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} ; Fri, 1 Sep 2006 10:42:21 -0500 (CDT) 10, 27 -- Received: from MCCRONEMSG.tmg.mccrone.com ([192.168.101.20]) 10, 27 -- by pgp.mccrone.com (PGP Universal service); 10, 27 -- Fri, 01 Sep 2006 10:42:21 -0500 10, 27 -- X-PGP-Universal: processed 10, 27 -- Content-class: urn:content-classes:message 10, 27 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 10, 27 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 10, 27 -- charset="us-ascii" 10, 27 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.5 10, 27 -- Subject: Short Course Announcement: SEM and TEM 10, 27 -- Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2006 10:42:09 -0500 10, 27 -- Message-ID: {2A27CE0EC2A5C748974EA513DFB285A7B9726A-at-MCCRONEMSG.tmg.mccrone.com} 10, 27 -- X-MS-Has-Attach: 10, 27 -- X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 10, 27 -- Thread-Topic: Short Course Announcement: SEM and TEM 10, 27 -- Thread-Index: AcbN3S9BVrtsxq9mRSGihzBsZXb45g== 10, 27 -- From: "Elaine F. Schumacher" {eschumacher-at-mccrone.com} 10, 27 -- To: {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} 10, 27 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 10, 27 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k81FgJUp001818 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
If possible, it might be interesting to try the following:
In a circle, put three golf-balls in such a way that they touch each other and cannot move away. In the middle of these three, put a golf-ball on top of the three balls, as if you create a pyramid of golf-balls. Do this for three / four mounting places and mount the table / microscope stand on the top-balls. You'd be amazed how well golf-balls can absorb vibrations.
If the equipment is not too heavy, you can also consider tennis-balls, however, they will lift the table with about 5-6 inches, whereas the golf-balls will only add about 3 inches...
Obviously in this way you reduce the ergonomics by putting the microscope higher, but you'll also reduce the vibrations. Hope it works out, for me it did a few years ago. Best,
Sven Terclavers
-----Original Message----- X-from: mbush-at-fit.edu [mailto:mbush-at-fit.edu] Sent: Thursday, August 31, 2006 6:53 PM To: Connelly, Patricia (NIH/NHLBI) [E]
Dear listers,
I have some basic questions about the observation of minerals on nickel grids in TEM. I use formvar-carbon-coated nickel grids (I would have prefered copper but we have nickel grids in stock) and I deposit fine powder of crystal mineral onto them. When I observe the particles, even with the diffraction aperture inserted, the surface illuminated by the beam darkens pretty quickly. Sometimes I even have dark rings imprinted on the coating film (if I leave the beam for some minutes). If I take the diffrac. aperture out of the way for EDX analysis the surface becomes quickly complety black (in a matter of minutes).
1) What is black? Does the mineral melt? 2) If I heat the mineral to make it amorphous before the observation I sometimes still see dark rings. Are they diffraction rings? (in normal mode, not diffraction mode). Is there any diffraction in amorphous material? 3) In EDX I see a peak for copper, just after the nickel peak (at 8,070 keV) and I don’t expect copper in my material. Is there copper in the nickel grids?
Regards,
Stephane
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Email: ludo.rossou-at-ua.ac.be Name: Ludo Rossou
Organization: University of Antwerp Belgium
Title-Subject: [Filtered] specimen polishing
Question: Does anyone have some experience with the MULTIPREP SYSTEM of Allied High Tech Products?
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Email: Henrik.Kaker-at-guest.arnes.si Name: Henrik Kaker
The black is most likely carbonaceous contamination. Volatile organic molecules diffuse across the sample surface under the influence of the beam's electric field. When they hit the beam they "polymerize" and form a thick layer which appears dark in the image. In TEM, the contamination layer usually appears as a ring around the perimeter of the beam. As you decrease the size of the beam (e.g. STEM), the contamination problem increases.
} 2) If I heat the mineral to make it amorphous before } the observation I sometimes still see dark rings. Are } they diffraction rings? (in normal mode, not } diffraction mode). Is there any diffraction in } amorphous material?
You will see diffraction rings from amorphous material. They will be diffuse, not sharp like the rings from most crystalline materials. The carbonaceous contamination will also give rise to diffuse diffraction rings
} 3) In EDX I see a peak for copper, just after the } nickel peak (at 8,070 keV) and I don't expect copper } in my material. Is there copper in the nickel grids?
My suspicion is that you are seeing the Ni K beta peak,although the Ni Kbeta is at 8.265keV. The K beta is ~20% of the intensity of the K alpha peak. The 1st row transition metal K lines have the characteristic that an element Z's K beta falls under the (Z+1) K alpha.
At 04:25 AM 9/4/2006, you wrote:
} ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Hendrik O. Colijn colijn.1-at-osu.edu OSU Campus Electron Optics Facility www.ceof.ohio-state.edu 040 Fontana Labs, 116 W. 19th Ave
==============================Original Headers============================== 14, 26 -- From colijn.1-at-osu.edu Mon Sep 4 14:43:05 2006 14, 26 -- Received: from ER6S1.ENG.OHIO-STATE.EDU (er6s1.ecr6.ohio-state.edu [164.107.76.2]) 14, 26 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k84Jh5tI023115 14, 26 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 4 Sep 2006 14:43:05 -0500 14, 26 -- Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu by 14, 26 -- er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu (PMDF V6.2-1x11 #31056) 14, 26 -- id {01M6SWBB13M8A8Z7NB-at-er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu} for 14, 26 -- microscopy-at-microscopy.com; Mon, 04 Sep 2006 15:43:04 -0400 (EDT) 14, 26 -- Received: from HOC3.osu.edu 14, 26 -- (d149-67-33-174.col.wideopenwest.com [67.149.174.33]) 14, 26 -- by er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu (PMDF V6.2-1x11 #31056) 14, 26 -- with ESMTPA id {01M6SWBABN76A8NJ85-at-er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu} ; Mon, 14, 26 -- 04 Sep 2006 15:43:03 -0400 (EDT) 14, 26 -- Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2006 15:39:23 -0400 14, 26 -- From: "Hendrik O. Colijn" {colijn.1-at-osu.edu} 14, 26 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] basic questions about Ni grids 14, 26 -- In-reply-to: {200609040825.k848PxJd001086-at-ns.microscopy.com} 14, 26 -- Sender: colijn-at-er6s1.ecr6.ohio-state.edu 14, 26 -- To: nizets2-at-yahoo.com 14, 26 -- Cc: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 14, 26 -- Message-id: {7.0.1.0.2.20060904145709.024ed3a8-at-osu.edu} 14, 26 -- MIME-version: 1.0 14, 26 -- X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 7.0.1.0 14, 26 -- Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed 14, 26 -- X-Env-From: auth/colijn.1-at-osu.edu 14, 26 -- References: {200609040825.k848PxJd001086-at-ns.microscopy.com} ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Stephane, I agree with Henk that it is probably contamination on your samples. To make sure, if you tilt the samples at a high angle, you should see a split of the rings where you are seeing the top and bottom surfaces. This used to be a way of measuring the thickness of a TEM sample. You can download a copy of the paper from our website on contamination of samples. The URL is http://www.southbaytech.com/app_index.cfm?main_action=tech_papers" and the title is "Surface Science Aspects of Contamination in TEM Sample Prep" by John Grant et al. and it is paper number 225. (I am one of the authors.) In that paper, you will see a tilted sample with heavy contamination. To avoid contamination like this, you should plasma clean your sample prior to putting it into the TEM.
Disclaimer: South Bay Technology makes and sells a Plasma Cleaner.
-Scott
Scott D. Walck, Ph.D. Technical Director South Bay Technology, Inc. 1120 Via Callejon San Clemente, CA 92673
-------- Original Message -------- } From: colijn.1-at-osu.edu } Sent: Monday, September 04, 2006 3:47 PM } To: Walck-at-SouthBayTech.com } Subject: [Microscopy] Re: basic questions about Ni grids } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Stephane, } } } 1) What is black? Does the mineral melt? } } The black is most likely carbonaceous contamination. Volatile } organic molecules diffuse across the sample surface under the } influence of the beam's electric field. When they hit the beam they } "polymerize" and form a thick layer which appears dark in the } image. In TEM, the contamination layer usually appears as a ring } around the perimeter of the beam. As you decrease the size of the } beam (e.g. STEM), the contamination problem increases. } } } 2) If I heat the mineral to make it amorphous before } } the observation I sometimes still see dark rings. Are } } they diffraction rings? (in normal mode, not } } diffraction mode). Is there any diffraction in } } amorphous material? } } You will see diffraction rings from amorphous material. They will be } diffuse, not sharp like the rings from most crystalline } materials. The carbonaceous contamination will also give rise to } diffuse diffraction rings } } } } 3) In EDX I see a peak for copper, just after the } } nickel peak (at 8,070 keV) and I don't expect copper } } in my material. Is there copper in the nickel grids? } } My suspicion is that you are seeing the Ni K beta peak,although the } Ni Kbeta is at 8.265keV. The K beta is ~20% of the intensity of the } K alpha peak. The 1st row transition metal K lines have the } characteristic that an element Z's K beta falls under the (Z+1) K alpha. } } At 04:25 AM 9/4/2006, you wrote: } } } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } } Dear listers, } } } } I have some basic questions about the observation of } } minerals on nickel grids in TEM. } } I use formvar-carbon-coated nickel grids (I would have } } prefered copper but we have nickel grids in stock) and } } I deposit fine powder of crystal mineral onto them. } } When I observe the particles, even with the } } diffraction aperture inserted, the surface illuminated } } by the beam darkens pretty quickly. Sometimes I even } } have dark rings imprinted on the coating film (if I } } leave the beam for some minutes). If I take the } } diffrac. aperture out of the way for EDX analysis the } } surface becomes quickly complety black (in a matter of } } minutes). } } } } 1) What is black? Does the mineral melt? } } 2) If I heat the mineral to make it amorphous before } } the observation I sometimes still see dark rings. Are } } they diffraction rings? (in normal mode, not } } diffraction mode). Is there any diffraction in } } amorphous material? } } 3) In EDX I see a peak for copper, just after the } } nickel peak (at 8,070 keV) and I don't expect copper } } in my material. Is there copper in the nickel grids? } } } } Regards, } } } } Stephane } } } } __________________________________________________ } } Do You Yahoo!? } } Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around } } http://mail.yahoo.com } } } } ==============================Original Headers============================== } } 6, 18 -- From nizets2-at-yahoo.com Mon Sep 4 03:22:21 2006 } } 6, 18 -- Received: from web37409.mail.mud.yahoo.com } } (web37409.mail.mud.yahoo.com [209.191.91.141]) } } 6, 18 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with } } SMTP id k848MLdD030715 } } 6, 18 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 4 Sep 2006 } } 03:22:21 -0500 } } 6, 18 -- Received: (qmail 26154 invoked by uid 60001); 4 Sep 2006 } } 08:22:21 -0000 } } 6, 18 -- DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; q=dns; c=nofws; } } 6, 18 -- s=s1024; d=yahoo.com; } } 6, 18 } } -- } } h=Message-ID:Received:Date:From:Subject:To:MIME-Version:Content-Type:Content-Transfer-Encoding; } } 6, 18 } } -- } } b=Z1dFUFwj1Z4BU2u7V3woEcOWcTaYDVkXOHEnRSHjKc9qFplAgfLdzsnVVPkb9kQF8Z7sWvp9QcJe3yWEBEzqkbybAmNyVRh8DcOuLa5I/WqtS+hDjAB+dVoRAf/2P94bZlGvet8AWydQt05cDmOsyz8pk3qZZo+OKmgbnHGRkOw= } } ; } } 6, 18 -- Message-ID: {20060904082221.26152.qmail-at-web37409.mail.mud.yahoo.com} } } 6, 18 -- Received: from [80.122.101.102] by } } web37409.mail.mud.yahoo.com via HTTP; Mon, 04 Sep 2006 01:22:21 PDT } } 6, 18 -- Date: Mon, 4 Sep 2006 01:22:21 -0700 (PDT) } } 6, 18 -- From: Stephane Nizet {nizets2-at-yahoo.com} } } 6, 18 -- Subject: basic questions about Ni grids } } 6, 18 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } } 6, 18 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 } } 6, 18 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 } } 6, 18 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit } } ==============================End of - Headers============================== } } Hendrik O. Colijn colijn.1-at-osu.edu } OSU Campus Electron Optics Facility www.ceof.ohio-state.edu } 040 Fontana Labs, 116 W. 19th Ave } } } ==============================Original Headers============================== } 14, 26 -- From colijn.1-at-osu.edu Mon Sep 4 14:43:05 2006 } 14, 26 -- Received: from ER6S1.ENG.OHIO-STATE.EDU (er6s1.ecr6.ohio-state.edu [164.107.76.2]) } 14, 26 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k84Jh5tI023115 } 14, 26 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 4 Sep 2006 14:43:05 -0500 } 14, 26 -- Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu by } 14, 26 -- er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu (PMDF V6.2-1x11 #31056) } 14, 26 -- id {01M6SWBB13M8A8Z7NB-at-er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu} for } 14, 26 -- microscopy-at-microscopy.com; Mon, 04 Sep 2006 15:43:04 -0400 (EDT) } 14, 26 -- Received: from HOC3.osu.edu } 14, 26 -- (d149-67-33-174.col.wideopenwest.com [67.149.174.33]) } 14, 26 -- by er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu (PMDF V6.2-1x11 #31056) } 14, 26 -- with ESMTPA id {01M6SWBABN76A8NJ85-at-er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu} ; Mon, } 14, 26 -- 04 Sep 2006 15:43:03 -0400 (EDT) } 14, 26 -- Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2006 15:39:23 -0400 } 14, 26 -- From: "Hendrik O. Colijn" {colijn.1-at-osu.edu} } 14, 26 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] basic questions about Ni grids } 14, 26 -- In-reply-to: {200609040825.k848PxJd001086-at-ns.microscopy.com} } 14, 26 -- Sender: colijn-at-er6s1.ecr6.ohio-state.edu } 14, 26 -- To: nizets2-at-yahoo.com } 14, 26 -- Cc: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } 14, 26 -- Message-id: {7.0.1.0.2.20060904145709.024ed3a8-at-osu.edu} } 14, 26 -- MIME-version: 1.0 } 14, 26 -- X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 7.0.1.0 } 14, 26 -- Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed } 14, 26 -- X-Env-From: auth/colijn.1-at-osu.edu } 14, 26 -- References: {200609040825.k848PxJd001086-at-ns.microscopy.com} } ==============================End of - Headers==============================
==============================Original Headers============================== 5, 21 -- From walck-at-southbaytech.com Mon Sep 4 16:59:00 2006 5, 21 -- Received: from smtp14.dc2.safesecureweb.com (smtp14.dc2.safesecureweb.com [65.36.255.238]) 5, 21 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k84LwxTP003026 5, 21 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 4 Sep 2006 16:59:00 -0500 5, 21 -- Received: from mail43.safesecureweb.com (barrage.ad.safesecureweb.com [10.10.1.193]) 5, 21 -- by smtp14.dc2.safesecureweb.com (Spam Firewall) with ESMTP 5, 21 -- id 8CBE09A00B9; Mon, 4 Sep 2006 17:58:56 -0400 (EDT) 5, 21 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 5, 21 -- Date: Mon, 4 Sep 2006 17:58:36 -0400 5, 21 -- Received: from [222.151.229.88] by mail43.safesecureweb.com via HTTP; Mon, 4 Sep 2006 17:58:36 -0400 5, 21 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 5, 21 -- charset=iso-8859-1 5, 21 -- Subject: re: [Microscopy] Re: basic questions about Ni grids 5, 21 -- From: "Scott Walck" {walck-at-southbaytech.com} 5, 21 -- Reply-To: Walck-at-southbaytech.com 5, 21 -- To: {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 5, 21 -- CC: {colijn.1-at-osu.edu} 5, 21 -- Message-ID: {b1b9f360d89d4fb1a0b4ff63e3f099fa-at-southbaytech.com} 5, 21 -- X-Virus-Scanned: by Barracuda Spam Firewall at safesecureweb.com 5, 21 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 5, 21 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k84LwxTP003026 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Be careful about putting a carbon coated formvar grid into an oxygen plasma cleaner. The oxygen plasma does a great job of removing carbon from your sample, including the carbon containing support film!. You may clean the support film completely away. That said, a plasma cleaner is a great thing to have available for the right type of sample and is almost a necessity for FEG STEM work.
I have often reduced (though not eliminated) carbon contamination by warming the TEM grid to ~100C just before putting it into the scope. It seems to be enough to desorb most of the organic contaminants. Obviously you should be careful to keep the microscope and sample rods absolutely clean (no fingerprints, organic solvents, etc.) Cleaning the sample rod in a plasma cleaner really helps.
Cheers, Henk
At 05:58 PM 9/4/2006, Scott Walck wrote: } Stephane, } I agree with Henk that it is probably contamination on your samples. } To make sure, if you tilt the samples at a high angle, you should } see a split of the rings where you are seeing the top and bottom surfaces. } This used to be a way of measuring the thickness of a TEM sample. } You can download a copy of the paper from our website on } contamination of samples. The URL is } http://www.southbaytech.com/app_index.cfm?main_action=tech_papers" } and the title is "Surface Science Aspects of Contamination in TEM } Sample Prep" by John Grant et al. and it is paper number 225. (I } am one of the authors.) In that paper, you will } see a tilted sample with heavy contamination. To avoid } contamination like this, you should plasma clean your sample prior } to putting it into the TEM. } } Disclaimer: South Bay Technology makes and sells a Plasma Cleaner. } } -Scott } } Scott D. Walck, Ph.D. } Technical Director } South Bay Technology, Inc. } 1120 Via Callejon } San Clemente, CA 92673 } } TEL: +1-949-492-2600 } FAX: +1-949-492-1499 } walck-at-southbaytech.com } } -------- Original Message -------- } } From: colijn.1-at-osu.edu } } Sent: Monday, September 04, 2006 3:47 PM } } To: Walck-at-SouthBayTech.com } } Subject: [Microscopy] Re: basic questions about Ni grids } } } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } } Stephane, } } } } } 1) What is black? Does the mineral melt? } } } } The black is most likely carbonaceous contamination. Volatile } } organic molecules diffuse across the sample surface under the } } influence of the beam's electric field. When they hit the beam they } } "polymerize" and form a thick layer which appears dark in the } } image. In TEM, the contamination layer usually appears as a ring } } around the perimeter of the beam. As you decrease the size of the } } beam (e.g. STEM), the contamination problem increases. } } } } } 2) If I heat the mineral to make it amorphous before } } } the observation I sometimes still see dark rings. Are } } } they diffraction rings? (in normal mode, not } } } diffraction mode). Is there any diffraction in } } } amorphous material? } } } } You will see diffraction rings from amorphous material. They will be } } diffuse, not sharp like the rings from most crystalline } } materials. The carbonaceous contamination will also give rise to } } diffuse diffraction rings } } } } } } } 3) In EDX I see a peak for copper, just after the } } } nickel peak (at 8,070 keV) and I don't expect copper } } } in my material. Is there copper in the nickel grids? } } } } My suspicion is that you are seeing the Ni K beta peak,although the } } Ni Kbeta is at 8.265keV. The K beta is ~20% of the intensity of the } } K alpha peak. The 1st row transition metal K lines have the } } characteristic that an element Z's K beta falls under the (Z+1) K alpha. } } } } At 04:25 AM 9/4/2006, you wrote: } } } } } } } } } ----------------------------------------------------------------- } ----------- } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } } } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } ----------------------------------------------------------------- } ----------- } } } } } } Dear listers, } } } } } } I have some basic questions about the observation of } } } minerals on nickel grids in TEM. } } } I use formvar-carbon-coated nickel grids (I would have } } } prefered copper but we have nickel grids in stock) and } } } I deposit fine powder of crystal mineral onto them. } } } When I observe the particles, even with the } } } diffraction aperture inserted, the surface illuminated } } } by the beam darkens pretty quickly. Sometimes I even } } } have dark rings imprinted on the coating film (if I } } } leave the beam for some minutes). If I take the } } } diffrac. aperture out of the way for EDX analysis the } } } surface becomes quickly complety black (in a matter of } } } minutes). } } } } } } 1) What is black? Does the mineral melt? } } } 2) If I heat the mineral to make it amorphous before } } } the observation I sometimes still see dark rings. Are } } } they diffraction rings? (in normal mode, not } } } diffraction mode). Is there any diffraction in } } } amorphous material? } } } 3) In EDX I see a peak for copper, just after the } } } nickel peak (at 8,070 keV) and I don't expect copper } } } in my material. Is there copper in the nickel grids? } } } } } } Regards, } } } } } } Stephane } } } } } } __________________________________________________ } } } Do You Yahoo!? } } } Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around } } } http://mail.yahoo.com } } } } } } ==============================Original } Headers============================== } } } 6, 18 -- From nizets2-at-yahoo.com Mon Sep 4 03:22:21 2006 } } } 6, 18 -- Received: from web37409.mail.mud.yahoo.com } } } (web37409.mail.mud.yahoo.com [209.191.91.141]) } } } 6, 18 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with } } } SMTP id k848MLdD030715 } } } 6, 18 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 4 Sep 2006 } } } 03:22:21 -0500 } } } 6, 18 -- Received: (qmail 26154 invoked by uid 60001); 4 Sep 2006 } } } 08:22:21 -0000 } } } 6, 18 -- DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; q=dns; c=nofws; } } } 6, 18 -- s=s1024; d=yahoo.com; } } } 6, 18 } } } -- } } } h=Message-ID:Received:Date:From:Subject:To:MIME-Version:Content-T } ype:Content-Transfer-Encoding; } } } 6, 18 } } } -- } } } b=Z1dFUFwj1Z4BU2u7V3woEcOWcTaYDVkXOHEnRSHjKc9qFplAgfLdzsnVVPkb9kQ } F8Z7sWvp9QcJe3yWEBEzqkbybAmNyVRh8DcOuLa5I/WqtS+hDjAB+dVoRAf/2P94bZlGvet8AWydQt05cDmOsyz8pk3qZZo+OKmgbnHGRkOw= } } } } ; } } } 6, 18 -- Message-ID: } {20060904082221.26152.qmail-at-web37409.mail.mud.yahoo.com} } } } 6, 18 -- Received: from [80.122.101.102] by } } } web37409.mail.mud.yahoo.com via HTTP; Mon, 04 Sep 2006 01:22:21 PDT } } } 6, 18 -- Date: Mon, 4 Sep 2006 01:22:21 -0700 (PDT) } } } 6, 18 -- From: Stephane Nizet {nizets2-at-yahoo.com} } } } 6, 18 -- Subject: basic questions about Ni grids } } } 6, 18 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } } } 6, 18 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 } } } 6, 18 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 } } } 6, 18 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit } } } ==============================End of - } Headers============================== } } } } Hendrik O. Colijn colijn.1-at-osu.edu } } OSU Campus Electron Optics Facility www.ceof.ohio-state.edu } } 040 Fontana Labs, 116 W. 19th Ave } } } } } } ==============================Original } Headers============================== } } 14, 26 -- From colijn.1-at-osu.edu Mon Sep 4 14:43:05 2006 } } 14, 26 -- Received: from ER6S1.ENG.OHIO-STATE.EDU } (er6s1.ecr6.ohio-state.edu [164.107.76.2]) } } 14, 26 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with } ESMTP id k84Jh5tI023115 } } 14, 26 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 4 Sep 2006 } 14:43:05 -0500 } } 14, 26 -- Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu by } } 14, 26 -- er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu (PMDF V6.2-1x11 #31056) } } 14, 26 -- id {01M6SWBB13M8A8Z7NB-at-er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu} for } } 14, 26 -- microscopy-at-microscopy.com; Mon, 04 Sep 2006 15:43:04 -0400 (EDT) } } 14, 26 -- Received: from HOC3.osu.edu } } 14, 26 -- (d149-67-33-174.col.wideopenwest.com [67.149.174.33]) } } 14, 26 -- by er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu (PMDF V6.2-1x11 #31056) } } 14, 26 -- with ESMTPA id } {01M6SWBABN76A8NJ85-at-er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu} ; Mon, } } 14, 26 -- 04 Sep 2006 15:43:03 -0400 (EDT) } } 14, 26 -- Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2006 15:39:23 -0400 } } 14, 26 -- From: "Hendrik O. Colijn" {colijn.1-at-osu.edu} } } 14, 26 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] basic questions about Ni grids } } 14, 26 -- In-reply-to: {200609040825.k848PxJd001086-at-ns.microscopy.com} } } 14, 26 -- Sender: colijn-at-er6s1.ecr6.ohio-state.edu } } 14, 26 -- To: nizets2-at-yahoo.com } } 14, 26 -- Cc: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } } 14, 26 -- Message-id: {7.0.1.0.2.20060904145709.024ed3a8-at-osu.edu} } } 14, 26 -- MIME-version: 1.0 } } 14, 26 -- X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 7.0.1.0 } } 14, 26 -- Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed } } 14, 26 -- X-Env-From: auth/colijn.1-at-osu.edu } } 14, 26 -- References: {200609040825.k848PxJd001086-at-ns.microscopy.com} } } ==============================End of - } Headers==============================
Hendrik O. Colijn colijn.1-at-osu.edu OSU Campus Electron Optics Facility www.ceof.ohio-state.edu 040 Fontana Labs, 116 W. 19th Ave
==============================Original Headers============================== 9, 25 -- From colijn.1-at-osu.edu Mon Sep 4 19:24:45 2006 9, 25 -- Received: from ER6S1.ENG.OHIO-STATE.EDU (er6s1.ecr6.ohio-state.edu [164.107.76.2]) 9, 25 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k850Oj5Y015415 9, 25 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 4 Sep 2006 19:24:45 -0500 9, 25 -- Received: from CONVERSION-DAEMON.er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu by 9, 25 -- er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu (PMDF V6.2-1x11 #31056) 9, 25 -- id {01M6T65J6080A8ZTI9-at-er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu} for 9, 25 -- microscopy-at-microscopy.com; Mon, 04 Sep 2006 20:24:44 -0400 (EDT) 9, 25 -- Received: from HOC3.osu.edu 9, 25 -- (d149-67-33-174.col.wideopenwest.com [67.149.174.33]) 9, 25 -- by er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu (PMDF V6.2-1x11 #31056) 9, 25 -- with ESMTPA id {01M6T65IDHM2A90YS3-at-er6s1.eng.ohio-state.edu} ; Mon, 9, 25 -- 04 Sep 2006 20:24:44 -0400 (EDT) 9, 25 -- Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2006 20:24:25 -0400 9, 25 -- From: "Hendrik O. Colijn" {colijn.1-at-osu.edu} 9, 25 -- Subject: re: [Microscopy] Re: basic questions about Ni grids 9, 25 -- In-reply-to: {b1b9f360d89d4fb1a0b4ff63e3f099fa-at-southbaytech.com} 9, 25 -- Sender: colijn-at-er6s1.ecr6.ohio-state.edu 9, 25 -- To: nizets2-at-yahoo.com, Walck-at-southbaytech.com, microscopy-at-microscopy.com 9, 25 -- Message-id: {7.0.1.0.2.20060904200959.0231d830-at-osu.edu} 9, 25 -- MIME-version: 1.0 9, 25 -- X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 7.0.1.0 9, 25 -- Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed 9, 25 -- X-Env-From: auth/colijn.1-at-osu.edu 9, 25 -- References: {b1b9f360d89d4fb1a0b4ff63e3f099fa-at-southbaytech.com} ==============================End of - Headers==============================
As no-one seems to have replied to your post, I'll pass on my thoughts and experience now I'm back from my hols.
I don't have the professional experience with video I have with microscope and SLR camera systems (on microscopes even our 'video' is essentially multi-tiff time-lapse photographic sequences rather than MP4, VOB etc. However I am a regular user of Adobe Premiere for video compression and home use, plus I now use DVD regularly to backup film and vinyl LP HIFI audio (to MP3).
I have an elderly 'consumer' Hi8 (PAL though) and now MiniDV camcorders at home (not a pro Hi8 granted). Despite investing in Adobe Premiere Pro, various ATI AGP graphic AD converters (for Hi8) and USB2 streaming/firewire for MiniDV, with transfer to a PC I always seem to get 'compression' effects. This is a quite poor video image after capturing to the PC, editing and writing to DVD, compared to what I get just feeding the image directly into a TV via the camera's inbuilt AV out (when the image quality is excellent). This poorer image quality is evident whether on the PC VDU or on viewing on a TV via DVD players after PC writing. Granted (other than Adobe Premiere that came via work), I have done this on the cheap compared to pro TV recording studio systems, being my money. However the PC always seems to convert the edited video to noticeably compressed formats, and it showed.
However if I ignore the PC and simply feed the camcorder straight into my high quality TV Panasonic DVD recorder via analogue AV3 and record to -R DVD's at XP (1h super quality mode), I get always get a superb picture as good as 610 lines PAL. This is despite going though the MiniDV camcorder and DVD recorder AD converters, and being fed out via the standard red/black/yellow phono plugs. I know NTSC has a different 'analogue out' to my PAL, but I'm sure it will work as well using the NTSC analogue into the TV DVD recorder. Besides image quality on Hi8 isn't that great compared to MiniDV (~20% better pixel quality), and it below even normal PAL resolution.
It may be that TV just shows video better than my PC CRT's but video written via Adobe Premiere and Nero from PC digital capture always looks far far worse than the direct to DVD recorder method (I just can't get rid of compression effects even if ask for super duper plus quality). It's possible that a TV DVD recorder is just really good at one thing and the PC is a bit worse at many things. Also writing to DVD is real-time via the DVD recorder, as you play the tape, it records the DVD. I assume you can edit the standard DVD-R video (once finalised) on the PC if you want afterwards. Viewing the DVD is obviously no problem on a DVD player.
Anyway give it a try if you have a spare quality TV DVD recorder (mine's a Panasonic for £250). Just avoid DVD RAM and stick to finalised DVD-R's (or +R's). I'm sure you could get better with expensive professional analogue to digital converters etc, but given your source is an NTSC (Never The Same Colour twice) old analogue Hi8 tape perhaps markedly better isn't really possible anyway. Modern TV DVD recorders can also have a digital Firewire in port as well s analogue if you use MiniDV. Digital 'walkman's' seem expensive for what they offer (ie. portability).
I have read letters into PC Pro saying the same as above and the editor hasn't offered a better alternative. Your 'time lapse' motion capture does complicate the issue though, as cheap video editing on the PC will probably bring in compression problems again.
I note that Hi8 video tape cassettes have a projected serviceable life-time of 10 years before the plastic components of the tape guide start to fail, plus the tape will be Deteriorating each year due to print-through etc..(fast forward/rewind them occasionally), so now is the time for all of us to archive to DVD.
Hope this helps.
Keith
---------------------------------------------------------- Dr Keith J Morris Imaging Facilities Manager Cell Biology Division Institute of Ophthalmology University College London 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL
-----Original Message----- X-from: edelmare-at-muohio.edu [mailto:edelmare-at-muohio.edu] Sent: 22 August 2006 21:15 To: keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk
Looking to digitize analog NTSC video tape (Hi-8 and VHS, so composite video, not S-video or component). Would like to stream the analog signal right in to digital format for later image analysis (so only need the video data no sound), and would like to work whole 60min tapes at a time. Since we’re looking to collect measurement data from video still images the higher the quality preserved the better. So looking for *specific* recommend ations as to the best method for doing this (specific as in model numbers).
Computer system (Windows PC) we have for this: has 1394, USB, 16x PCIe, x4 PCIe, 64-bit PCI, and 32-Bit PCI, with a RAID Array. Adobe Premiere reports system can sustain over 35MB/sec throughput.
Possible solutions:
1) A/D capture card, o.k., which one for running under Windows XP? Capturing composite NTSC video seems to be “old-tech” these days. Seemingly easy to find HDTV capture cards but not NTSC.
2) A/D capture “widgets” = Composite video in and IEEE 1394 output or USB? Seems like a very cost effective solution, can anyone recommend a model?
3) Using either a Digital8 camcorder or something like a Sony Digital8 Video Walkman to play the “tapes” out to 1394 and input the 1394 to the computer. (Note: Digital8 Players will play Hi-8 tapes). Will this work?
Video / Image Analysis: Once digitized the “video” will be broken up into digital stills (yes, 18 hours of still images at 29 frames / sec.). We actually only need 1 image from approximately every 4 seconds of video. Every 4 seconds the video image changes to one of 16 “views”. We will then sort the images into the individual 16 “views”. Each of the 16 “views” shows 7 developing seedlings. We will then analyze each of the 16 “views” (or sets of seedlings) for growth changes through time. Oh, yes after each set of 16 “views” the tape is “paused” for 10 mins, and then repeats the 16 view capture sequence again. So basically it is time lapse imaging, of 16 different subjects, all interleaved on one video stream.
And why collect data this way you ask? Because the data collection is all done automatically and remotely . . . From a minimum of 355 miles up in orbit on the International Space Station, on an automated growth and imaging system, which does not have room for 16 video cameras and video capture systems.
Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
Richard E. Edelmann, Ph.D. Electron Microscopy Facility Director 364 Pearson Hall Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056 Ph: 513.529.5712 Fax: 513.529.4243 E-mail: edelmare-at-muohio.edu http://www.emf.muohio.edu
"A main-frame: The biggest PC peripheral available."
==============================Original Headers============================== 16, 24 -- From edelmare-at-muohio.edu Tue Aug 22 15:12:24 2006 16, 24 -- Received: from mulnx12.mcs.muohio.edu (mulnx12.mcs.muohio.edu [134.53.6.67]) 16, 24 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k7MKCNVa013909 16, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-Microscopy.com} ; Tue, 22 Aug 2006 15:12:24 -0500 16, 24 -- Received: from mulnx24.mcs.muohio.edu (mulnx24.mcs.muohio.edu [134.53.6.11]) 16, 24 -- by mulnx12.mcs.muohio.edu (Switch-3.1.8/Switch-3.1.7) with ESMTP id k7MKCBHt014555 16, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-Microscopy.com} ; Tue, 22 Aug 2006 16:12:12 -0400 16, 24 -- Received: from emf03 ([134.53.14.97]) 16, 24 -- by mulnx24.mcs.muohio.edu (Switch-3.1.8/Switch-3.1.7) with ESMTP id k7MKC9EJ014949 16, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-Microscopy.com} ; Tue, 22 Aug 2006 16:12:09 -0400 16, 24 -- From: "Richard E. Edelmann" {edelmare-at-muohio.edu} 16, 24 -- To: microscopy-at-Microscopy.com 16, 24 -- Date: Tue, 22 Aug 2006 16:14:11 -0400 16, 24 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 16, 24 -- Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 16, 24 -- Subject: Looking for some video capture recommendations 16, 24 -- Message-ID: {44EB2D53.3411.1471D88D-at-localhost} 16, 24 -- Priority: normal 16, 24 -- X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Win32 (v3.12c) 16, 24 -- X-Real-ConnectIP: 134.53.14.97 16, 24 -- X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.57 on 134.53.6.67 16, 24 -- X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.52 on 134.53.6.11 16, 24 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 16, 24 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from Quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k7MKCNVa013909 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
==============================Original Headers============================== 37, 27 -- From keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk Tue Sep 5 04:23:01 2006 37, 27 -- Received: from vscani-a.ucl.ac.uk (vscani-a.ucl.ac.uk [144.82.108.29]) 37, 27 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k859N1IH001685 37, 27 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 5 Sep 2006 04:23:01 -0500 37, 27 -- Received: from cell23.ioo.ucl.ac.uk ([144.82.134.123] helo=keithhigrade) 37, 27 -- by vscani-a.ucl.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.60) 37, 27 -- (envelope-from {keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk} ) 37, 27 -- id 1GKX8y-0001Cc-F2; Tue, 05 Sep 2006 10:22:56 +0100 37, 27 -- From: "Keith J Morris" {keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk} 37, 27 -- To: {edelmare-at-muohio.edu} 37, 27 -- Cc: {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 37, 27 -- Subject: RE: [Microscopy] Looking for some video capture recommendations 37, 27 -- Date: Tue, 5 Sep 2006 10:22:56 +0100 37, 27 -- Message-ID: {001801c6d0cc$df5a4a20$7b865290-at-keithhigrade} 37, 27 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 37, 27 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 37, 27 -- charset="iso-8859-1" 37, 27 -- X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook 11 37, 27 -- Thread-Index: AcbGJ6PBZ9kiWw2FQpaHHhgCHiyF0AAm8PIQ 37, 27 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2962 37, 27 -- In-Reply-To: {200608222014.k7MKErv0020837-at-ns.microscopy.com} 37, 27 -- X-UCL-MailScanner-Information: Please contact the UCL Helpdesk, helpdesk-at-ucl.ac.uk for more information 37, 27 -- X-UCL-MailScanner: Found to be clean 37, 27 -- X-UCL-MailScanner-From: keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk 37, 27 -- X-Spam-Status: No 37, 27 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 37, 27 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k859N1IH001685 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
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Title-Subject: [Filtered] Using RGB filters with monochrome camera
Question: Dear Listers
I intend using a high resolution (Basler) monochrome camera on a Leica DMLM materials microscope with epi illumination. If I take successive images using red, green & blue filters in turn (mounted in the filter magazine between lamp & cube), can I then assemble good quality colour images using something like ImageJ? I notice that there are a few papers on the technique but I'm not clear where it's possible to use the colour filters.
I have had good luck with a Plextor ConvertX PX-M402U. Got it a couple years ago for around $130. Not sure if they still make it. It outputs in several formats and resolutions including mpeg, divx etc. You can copy to a hard drive or burn a DVD on the fly. RCA video and audio in, USB2 data out.
Regards,
Tom
------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---- The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Looking to digitize analog NTSC video tape (Hi-8 and VHS, so composite video, not S-video or component). Would like to stream the analog signal right in to digital format for later image analysis (so only need the video data no sound), and would like to work whole 60min tapes at a time. Since we're looking to collect measurement data from video still images the higher the quality preserved the better. So looking for *specific* recommend ations as to the best method for doing this (specific as in model numbers).
Computer system (Windows PC) we have for this: has 1394, USB, 16x PCIe, x4 PCIe, 64-bit PCI, and 32-Bit PCI, with a RAID Array. Adobe Premiere reports system can sustain over 35MB/sec throughput.
Possible solutions:
1) A/D capture card, o.k., which one for running under Windows XP? Capturing composite NTSC video seems to be "old-tech" these days. Seemingly easy to find HDTV capture cards but not NTSC.
2) A/D capture "widgets" = Composite video in and IEEE 1394 output or USB? Seems like a very cost effective solution, can anyone recommend a model?
3) Using either a Digital8 camcorder or something like a Sony Digital8 Video Walkman to play the "tapes" out to 1394 and input the 1394 to the computer. (Note: Digital8 Players will play Hi-8 tapes). Will this work?
Video / Image Analysis: Once digitized the "video" will be broken up into digital stills (yes, 18 hours of still images at 29 frames / sec.). We actually only need 1 image from approximately every 4 seconds of video. Every 4 seconds the video image changes to one of 16 "views". We will then sort the images into the individual 16 "views". Each of the 16 "views" shows 7 developing seedlings. We will then analyze each of the 16 "views" (or sets of seedlings) for growth changes through time. Oh, yes after each set of 16 "views" the tape is "paused" for 10 mins, and then repeats the 16 view capture sequence again. So basically it is time lapse imaging, of 16 different subjects, all interleaved on one video stream.
And why collect data this way you ask? Because the data collection is all done automatically and remotely . . . From a minimum of 355 miles up in orbit on the International Space Station, on an automated growth and imaging system, which does not have room for 16 video cameras and video capture systems.
Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
Richard E. Edelmann, Ph.D. Electron Microscopy Facility Director 364 Pearson Hall Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056 Ph: 513.529.5712 Fax: 513.529.4243 E-mail: edelmare-at-muohio.edu http://www.emf.muohio.edu
"A main-frame: The biggest PC peripheral available."
==============================Original Headers============================== 16, 24 -- From edelmare-at-muohio.edu Tue Aug 22 15:12:24 2006 16, 24 -- Received: from mulnx12.mcs.muohio.edu (mulnx12.mcs.muohio.edu [134.53.6.67]) 16, 24 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k7MKCNVa013909 16, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-Microscopy.com} ; Tue, 22 Aug 2006 15:12:24 -0500 16, 24 -- Received: from mulnx24.mcs.muohio.edu (mulnx24.mcs.muohio.edu [134.53.6.11]) 16, 24 -- by mulnx12.mcs.muohio.edu (Switch-3.1.8/Switch-3.1.7) with ESMTP id k7MKCBHt014555 16, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-Microscopy.com} ; Tue, 22 Aug 2006 16:12:12 -0400 16, 24 -- Received: from emf03 ([134.53.14.97]) 16, 24 -- by mulnx24.mcs.muohio.edu (Switch-3.1.8/Switch-3.1.7) with ESMTP id k7MKC9EJ014949 16, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-Microscopy.com} ; Tue, 22 Aug 2006 16:12:09 -0400 16, 24 -- From: "Richard E. Edelmann" {edelmare-at-muohio.edu} 16, 24 -- To: microscopy-at-Microscopy.com 16, 24 -- Date: Tue, 22 Aug 2006 16:14:11 -0400 16, 24 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 16, 24 -- Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 16, 24 -- Subject: Looking for some video capture recommendations 16, 24 -- Message-ID: {44EB2D53.3411.1471D88D-at-localhost} 16, 24 -- Priority: normal 16, 24 -- X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Win32 (v3.12c) 16, 24 -- X-Real-ConnectIP: 134.53.14.97 16, 24 -- X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.57 on 134.53.6.67 16, 24 -- X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.52 on 134.53.6.11 16, 24 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 16, 24 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from Quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k7MKCNVa013909 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
==============================Original Headers============================== 37, 27 -- From keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk Tue Sep 5 04:23:01 2006 37, 27 -- Received: from vscani-a.ucl.ac.uk (vscani-a.ucl.ac.uk [144.82.108.29]) 37, 27 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k859N1IH001685 37, 27 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 5 Sep 2006 04:23:01 -0500 37, 27 -- Received: from cell23.ioo.ucl.ac.uk ([144.82.134.123] helo=keithhigrade) 37, 27 -- by vscani-a.ucl.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 4.60) 37, 27 -- (envelope-from {keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk} ) 37, 27 -- id 1GKX8y-0001Cc-F2; Tue, 05 Sep 2006 10:22:56 +0100 37, 27 -- From: "Keith J Morris" {keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk} 37, 27 -- To: {edelmare-at-muohio.edu} 37, 27 -- Cc: {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 37, 27 -- Subject: RE: [Microscopy] Looking for some video capture recommendations 37, 27 -- Date: Tue, 5 Sep 2006 10:22:56 +0100 37, 27 -- Message-ID: {001801c6d0cc$df5a4a20$7b865290-at-keithhigrade} 37, 27 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 37, 27 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 37, 27 -- charset="iso-8859-1" 37, 27 -- X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook 11 37, 27 -- Thread-Index: AcbGJ6PBZ9kiWw2FQpaHHhgCHiyF0AAm8PIQ 37, 27 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2962 37, 27 -- In-Reply-To: {200608222014.k7MKErv0020837-at-ns.microscopy.com} 37, 27 -- X-UCL-MailScanner-Information: Please contact the UCL Helpdesk, helpdesk-at-ucl.ac.uk for more information 37, 27 -- X-UCL-MailScanner: Found to be clean 37, 27 -- X-UCL-MailScanner-From: keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk 37, 27 -- X-Spam-Status: No 37, 27 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 37, 27 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k859N1IH001685 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
==============================Original Headers============================== 27, 23 -- From thomas-moninger-at-uiowa.edu Tue Sep 5 09:18:59 2006 27, 23 -- Received: from hc-smtp1.healthcare.uiowa.edu (hc-smtp1.healthcare.uiowa.edu [129.255.210.32]) 27, 23 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k85EIxtO027457 27, 23 -- for {Microscopy-at-MSA.microscopy.com} ; Tue, 5 Sep 2006 09:18:59 -0500 27, 23 -- Received: from medicine-exch1.medicine.uiowa.edu ([129.255.105.161]) by hc-smtp1.healthcare.uiowa.edu with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.1830); 27, 23 -- Tue, 5 Sep 2006 09:18:58 -0500 27, 23 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.0.6603.0 27, 23 -- content-class: urn:content-classes:message 27, 23 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 27, 23 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 27, 23 -- charset="US-ASCII" 27, 23 -- Subject: FW: [Microscopy] RE: Looking for some video capture recommendations 27, 23 -- Date: Tue, 5 Sep 2006 09:18:57 -0500 27, 23 -- Message-ID: {A4AA05CE92DACC43886D133DB94A926E16F36F33-at-medicine-exch1.medicine.uiowa.edu} 27, 23 -- X-MS-Has-Attach: 27, 23 -- X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 27, 23 -- Thread-Topic: [Microscopy] RE: Looking for some video capture recommendations 27, 23 -- Thread-Index: AcbQzRaxkCt4USNgRM6peHYURhI02wAJ21Mg 27, 23 -- From: "Moninger, Thomas" {thomas-moninger-at-uiowa.edu} 27, 23 -- To: {edelmare-at-muohio.edu} , {Microscopy-at-MSA.microscopy.com} 27, 23 -- X-OriginalArrivalTime: 05 Sep 2006 14:18:58.0818 (UTC) FILETIME=[3A790620:01C6D0F6] 27, 23 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 27, 23 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k85EIxtO027457 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Yes this RGB filter method works well (in the old B&W tube camera days we used to have filter wheels to move the red, green and blue filter in automatically during image capture). You just put the filter in a suitable place in the light path (i.e. where there's a filter holder) or just rest the filter on the 'light in' point below the condensor (on an inverted system). Capture a red, green & blue B&W 8-bit transmission image and use imageJ or photoshop (in the 'channels' window) to combine the three 8-bit B&W images back into full 24-bit RGB colour. I'll email you a little pdf on how to do it.
The only problem is that you need decent R,G & B filters, and these cost £100 each from Zeiss (not far off a digital camera system). I have the Zeiss filter numbers somewhere if you are interested. I did try a few cheap (sub £20) glass filters from Agar Scientific but filters weren't spectrally good enough for a quality colour picture. Kodak used to make suitable gelatin filters :
But I have never actually tried them (probably it’s the deep blue tri-colour type ones you want).
It also takes a while to swop filters over if you change filters manually (hence the advantage of a filter wheel). Naturally you must not jog anything when collecting the sequence. You can get reasonable colour images resting a compact digital camera against the eyepiece (but its naturally not as good as this RGB filter method with a half decent B&W camera).
Regards
Keith
---------------------------------------------------------- Dr Keith J Morris Imaging Facilities Manager Cell Biology Division Institute of Ophthalmology University College London 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL
-----Original Message----- X-from: dainis-at-red5wood.com [mailto:dainis-at-red5wood.com] Sent: 05 September 2006 14:06 To: keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk
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Title-Subject: [Filtered] Using RGB filters with monochrome camera
Question: Dear Listers
I intend using a high resolution (Basler) monochrome camera on a Leica DMLM materials microscope with epi illumination. If I take successive images using red, green & blue filters in turn (mounted in the filter magazine between lamp & cube), can I then assemble good quality colour images using something like ImageJ? I notice that there are a few papers on the technique but I'm not clear where it's possible to use the colour filters.
Here is the September 2006 Microscopy Today table of contents. I will close the subscription list for this issue on Friday September 7th, 2006.
Microscopists in North America and MSA members anywhere can subscribe for free. Anyone else may subscribe for US$50 per year (to PARTIALLY cover postage). All subscriptions at http://www.microscopy-today.com Thank you.
Ron Anderson, Editor ============================== When Did Agriculture Begin? Stephen W. Carmichael, Mayo Clinic
Microscopy and Microanalysis of Nano-Scale Materials J. R. Michael, L. N. Brewer, D. C. Miller, K. R. Zavadil, S. V. Prasad and P. G. Kotula, Sandia National Lab., Albuquerque, NM
Imaging Gas-Solid Interactions in an Atomic Resolution Environmental TEM Xiao Feng Zhang* and Takeo Kamino,** *Hitachi High Technologies America, Pleasanton, CA, **Hitachi High Technologies Corp., Ibaraki, Japan
Improved Sectioning of Polymers Using an Oscillating Diamond Knife for Transmission Electron Microscopy J.D. Harris* and J.S. Vastenhout,** * The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, ** Dow Benelux B.V., Terneuzen, Netherlands
Applications for Automated Particle Analysis Robert Anderhalt and Lara Swenson, EDAX Inc., Mahwah, NJ
Electromagnetic Simulation Optimizes Design of a Sub-20 nm Resolution Optical Microscope Erik J. Sanchez, Portland State University, Portland, OR
JECP—a Java Electron Crystallography Project X.Z. Li, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
Preparation of the Yeast Pichia pastoris for Transmission Electron Microscopy Benjamin A. Yount, Joan Lin-Cereghino, Geoff P. Lin-Cereghino, and Marcia M. Fox, U. of the Pacific, Stockton, CA
Fly Microdroplets Viewed Big: a Cryo-SEM Approach Stanislav N. Gorb, Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Stuttgart, Germany
Quantification of Virus Suspensions by Direct Particle Counting Paul R. Hazelton, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Olympus E330 DSLR for Photomicrography with Older Design Microscopes Theodore M. Clarke, Metallurgical Failure Analysis Consultant
Multi-Axial Stage for a Stereo Dissecting Microscope Zhaojie Zhang, University of Wyoming
A Simplified Method for Formulation of Epoxy Resin Embedding Media E. Ann Ellis, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
A Simple Cleaning Method for Penning Gauges Valery Ray, PBS&T, MEO Engineering Co., Methuen, MA
Negative Stains/Staining 2.5 mM Phosphotungstic Acid, 25µg/mL Bacitracin, pH 7.0 Paul R. Hazelton, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Agar Diffusion Paul R. Hazelton, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
New and Interesting at M&M-2007
Industry News
NetNotes IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY – Colloidal gold IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY - Hydrofluoric acid and LR White SAMPLE PREPARATION - Flat embedding SAMPLE PREPARATION - glow discharge SAMPLE PREPARATION - microwave processing SPECIMEN PREPARATION – high vacuum issues with carbon evaporator TEM - Image diffraction pattern rotation TEM - Darkfield imaging TEM - Wehnelt assembly TEM – Powder sample preparation SEM - Critical point drying insects SEM - Observation of polymers morphology SEM - Electromagnetic fields SEM - Critical Point Drier solvents MICROANALYSIS - X-ray emission table
A tip of the hat and my thanks to everyone who contacted me or contributed to the discussion on pixels and image analysis.
Frank Karl Degussa Corporation Akron Technical Center 3500 Embassy Parkway Suite 100 Akron, Ohio 44333
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==============================Original Headers============================== 7, 18 -- From frank.karl-at-degussa.com Tue Sep 5 14:45:41 2006 7, 18 -- Received: from framailout1.rz.itson.com (mailout2.degussa.com [149.216.91.173]) 7, 18 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k85JjeEj019684 7, 18 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Tue, 5 Sep 2006 14:45:40 -0500 7, 18 -- Received: from mobuscomm01.mail.degussa.com (uss1026.applications.degussanet.com [10.88.88.98]) 7, 18 -- by framailout1.rz.itson.com (8.13.3/8.13.3/Debian-6) with SMTP id k85Jj7cm032637 7, 18 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Tue, 5 Sep 2006 21:45:38 +0200 7, 18 -- In-Reply-To: {200609011531.k81FV0ws026025-at-ns.microscopy.com} 7, 18 -- Subject: Thanks for responce on: pixels, pixels, little pixels.... 7, 18 -- To: microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com 7, 18 -- X-Mailer: Lotus Notes Release 6.5.2 June 01, 2004 7, 18 -- Message-ID: {OF61762318.FF416C9A-ON852571E0.006C4A40-852571E0.006C8407-at-degussa.com} 7, 18 -- From: frank.karl-at-degussa.com 7, 18 -- Date: Tue, 5 Sep 2006 15:45:16 -0400 7, 18 -- X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on MOBUSComm01/DHexternal/US(Release 6.5.1|January 21, 2004) at 7, 18 -- 09/05/2006 02:45:39 PM 7, 18 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 7, 18 -- Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII ==============================End of - Headers==============================
We have been given a small mussel lava preserved in 70% ethanol and salt. Not sure about the salt, maybe from seawater, maybe part of a molecular protocol these researchers are doing.
They want to see it in the SEM. At first I was thinking just run it back to water and do a conventional fix/dehyd/CPD and coat. But then someone asked me about OsO4 in ethanol and skipping the rehydrating steps.
So any ideas? Just do the Os in the 70% or do something different. Not sure what to do about the salt, maybe we can get rid of that another way.
Jon --
Jonathan Krupp Microscopy & Imaging Lab C230 Earth & Marine Science University of California Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (831) 459-2477 jmkrupp-at-ucsc.edu
==============================Original Headers============================== 8, 21 -- From jmkrupp-at-ucsc.edu Wed Sep 6 13:11:22 2006 8, 21 -- Received: from smtp-prod-mx2.ucsc.edu (smtp-prod-mx2.ucsc.edu [128.114.125.44]) 8, 21 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k86IBLZU018209 8, 21 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 6 Sep 2006 13:11:21 -0500 8, 21 -- Received: from ucsc.edu (cruzmail-fe2.ucsc.edu [128.114.125.2]) 8, 21 -- by smtp-prod-mx2.ucsc.edu (8.13.7/8.13.7) with ESMTP id k86IBGk0027997 8, 21 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 6 Sep 2006 11:11:16 -0700 (PDT) 8, 21 -- Received: from [128.114.25.186] (account jmkrupp-at-ucsc.edu [128.114.25.186] verified) 8, 21 -- by silver.ucsc.edu (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.3.7) 8, 21 -- with ESMTPA id 69068190 for microscopy-at-microscopy.com; Wed, 06 Sep 2006 11:11:10 -0700 8, 21 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 8, 21 -- Message-Id: {p06230901c124be5afb93-at-[128.114.25.186]} 8, 21 -- Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2006 11:11:13 -0700 8, 21 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 8, 21 -- From: Jon Krupp {jmkrupp-at-ucsc.edu} 8, 21 -- Subject: SEM prep from 70% EtOH 8, 21 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" 8, 21 -- X-UCSC-CATS-Information: This message was scanned by the ITS MailScanner 8, 21 -- X-UCSC-CATS-MailScanner: Found to be clean 8, 21 -- X-UCSC-CATS-MailScanner-SpamCheck: 8, 21 -- X-UCSC-CATS-MailScanner-From: jmkrupp-at-ucsc.edu ==============================End of - Headers==============================
This Question/Comment was submitted to the Microscopy Listserver using the WWW based Form at http://www.microscopy.com/MLFormMail.html --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remember this posting is most likely not from a Subscriber, so when replying please copy both antropos-at-misis.ru as well as the MIcroscopy Listserver ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: antropos-at-misis.ru Name: Ilya Kushneryov
Organization: Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys
Title-Subject: [Filtered] Where can buy a high temperature microscope?
Question: Hello! Please give me an advice corresponding with Subject! Our Institute need to improve a labor base in part of high temperature electronic microscopy. It is important for us varios high temperature processes to investigate: cristallisation of steel, alloys, non-ferrous metalls, formation of non-metallic inclusions, segregation and others. Where can we find some technical information? We need a list of firms or producer, which can us a such microscope to sell.
Thanks in advance, Ilya Kushneryov Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys Chair of steel metallurgy
I have a Oxford made cold/hot stage installed in LEO SEM. It is working really good from +100C to -100C. I guess you only need a hot stage that could reach much higher temperature. Gatan has taken over the cold/hot stage business from OXford and the temperature could reach +1250¡ãC. The website is below: http://www.gatan.com/sem/heating_stages.html
Wish this helps. Xiang
----- Original Message ----- X-from: {antropos-at-misis.ru} To: {xyang-at-SMU.CA} Sent: Wednesday, September 06, 2006 8:13 PM
Dear All,
I hope someone can help me out here. I read that alcohol will dissolve the argentaffin granules. How does the chemistry work here? Is it only because of beta-carboline formation or are there other reactions taking place as well? Is the disappearance of argentaffin granules under alcohol fixation confirmatory of its presence if compared to a parallel formaldehyde staining showing its presence?
Also, if I use alcohol fixation, the cells tend to shrink and shrivel. Is there any way I can preserve the morphology with alcohol fixation (ie any other components I can add to alcohol)?
Thanks in advance.
Randy
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We are hiring an Imaging Specialist to work especially on two confocal microscopes, the new one-of-a-kind multiphoton/confocal microscope, calcium imaging and electrophysiological instrumentation. The James C Hogg iCAPTURE Centre of the University of British Columbia is located downtown of Vancouver, in the beautiful province of British Columbia in Canada. Please see the job posting below for more details.
Job Title: Core 3 Imaging Technical Specialist Division: The iCAPTURE Centre, UBC Salary: $48,425 - 51,944
Job summary The primary purpose of this position is to coordinate the iCAPTURE Centre Imaging CORE. This includes supporting all of the iCAPTURE investigators, staff, and trainees in their imaging and biophysical needs using a wide variety of instruments, as well as any external users of the Core. This support includes research and development of new methods, experimental design, sample preparation, instrument optimization for acquisition and analysis, data interpretation, and training of all personnel.
Work performed * Proficient use of all imaging and biophysical instrumentation located in this specialized laboratory. This instrumentation includes two confocal microscopes, the new one-of-a-kind multiphoton/confocal microscope, calcium imaging and electrophysiological instrumentation, all vessel function equipment including myogenic tone instrumentation or other technology as it becomes available and installed in the Core. * Responsible for day-to-day operation of the facility including scheduling, data acquisition, and analysis, data management, instrument maintenance and troubleshooting and providing general support for scientists using the facility. * Train and supervise all other users. * Provide consultation and direct involvement in diverse research projects including data interpretation, trouble shooting for sample preparation, and experimental design. * Remain current on instrumentation, data acquisition and analysis as well as imaging and vessel function techniques and transfer new technology to the Centre. This is done by attending regional user group meetings, workshops, symposia and networking within the flow community. * Experience with and knowledge of many techniques for sample preparation including multi-color imaging, stem cell enumeration, rare event analysis and functional studies of cells, vessels, or organs. * Create new protocols or programs to recognize any particular cell type in an image in consultation with the researcher * Assist or responsible for running large studies which may include organization with other hospital departments as well as recruiting subjects and troubleshooting problems with sample collection.
* Updates on the progress of the study are presented regularly at research group meetings. * Participation in the preparation of manuscripts, grants, and material presented at International Conferences.
Qualifications University Degree (BSc preferred) in Science Minimum 5 years related experience in a laboratory setting Experience with independently conducting specialized experiments related to imaging, particularly with confocal microscopy Computer experience required Accuracy and attention to detail required Effective oral and written communication, interpersonal, multi-tasking and organizational skills Sense of humor a must
Please send your resume to: Kelly Ceron, Human Resources Manager kceron-at-mrl.ubc.ca Only those applicants short listed will be contacted Deadline for application - Sept 15, 2006
==============================Original Headers============================== 9, 17 -- From FChu-at-mrl.ubc.ca Fri Sep 8 19:23:36 2006 9, 17 -- Received: from mail.mrl.ubc.ca (mrl.ubc.ca [137.82.67.155]) 9, 17 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k890Na3m028333 9, 17 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Fri, 8 Sep 2006 19:23:36 -0500 9, 17 -- Received: from mrlmail-MTA by mail.mrl.ubc.ca 9, 17 -- with Novell_GroupWise; Fri, 08 Sep 2006 17:23:15 -0700 9, 17 -- Message-Id: {4501A6FC020000BC0000B0EE-at-mail.mrl.ubc.ca} 9, 17 -- X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise Internet Agent 7.0.1 9, 17 -- Date: Fri, 08 Sep 2006 17:23:08 -0700 9, 17 -- From: "Fanny Chu" {FChu-at-mrl.ubc.ca} 9, 17 -- To: {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 9, 17 -- Subject: Position: Imaging Specialist - UBC iCAPTURE Centre, Vancouver, 9, 17 -- BC 9, 17 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 9, 17 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 9, 17 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 9, 17 -- Content-Disposition: inline ==============================End of - Headers==============================
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Email: llmccorm-at-yahoo.com Name: Lindsey
Organization: Henry Ford Hospital
Title-Subject: [Filtered] Digital imaging and analysis
Question: We are working with the Nikon DXM 1200C scope and camera and I saved images in the "fine" setting but we need to do our analysis in the "quick" mode, is there any way to convert between the settings without losing resolution and iamge size? Any suggestions or adivce would be greatly appreciated.
If you have a photograph of any of these, I would be most grateful. Photos of the microscopes alone would be fantastic and preferable, but any photograph would be great.
Thanks so much for your help,
Mike Ganger Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY
==============================Original Headers============================== 8, 20 -- From mganger-at-optonline.net Sun Sep 10 19:05:56 2006 8, 20 -- Received: from mta10.srv.hcvlny.cv.net (mta10.srv.hcvlny.cv.net [167.206.4.205]) 8, 20 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8B05uBE012220 8, 20 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Sun, 10 Sep 2006 19:05:56 -0500 8, 20 -- Received: from [127.0.0.1] (ool-43514b04.dyn.optonline.net [67.81.75.4]) 8, 20 -- by mta10.srv.hcvlny.cv.net 8, 20 -- (Sun Java System Messaging Server 6.2-6.01 (built Apr 3 2006)) 8, 20 -- with ESMTP id {0J5E00M5KIVZ0A00-at-mta10.srv.hcvlny.cv.net} for 8, 20 -- Microscopy-at-microscopy.com; Sun, 10 Sep 2006 20:04:48 -0400 (EDT) 8, 20 -- Date: Sun, 10 Sep 2006 20:05:54 -0400 8, 20 -- From: Michael Ganger {mganger-at-optonline.net} 8, 20 -- Subject: Old EM Images 8, 20 -- To: Microscopy List Server {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 8, 20 -- Message-id: {4504A862.8090806-at-optonline.net} 8, 20 -- MIME-version: 1.0 8, 20 -- Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed 8, 20 -- Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT 8, 20 -- X-Accept-Language: en-us, en 8, 20 -- User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.2) 8, 20 -- Gecko/20040804 Netscape/7.2 (ax) ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (mzeldin-at-richmond.edu) from http://www.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Monday, September 11, 2006 at 14:43:05 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: mzeldin-at-richmond.edu Name: marty zeldin
Education: K-8 Grade Grammar School
Location: richmond, VA
Question: I'm interested in buying a "started" microscope for a grammar school grandchild. I'd like to keep the cost below $100. Is that possible? If yes, what are your recommendations -- make, model, supplier?
I have a question about magnification and manipulation of pictures in digital format. I am a little bit confused because until now I used photo films, and when they were printed on paper I knew the magnification, which makes the calculation of the "real" magnification of printed pictures taken in TEM easy to know. But now I am using the Megaview III with Analysis and when I save the picture in picture format (to insert in Word reports) I don't know the real magnification. All pictures are 23.3 cm by 17.48 cm. So if I print without rescaling, there is a factor of approx. 2,5x magnification compared to the mag. given by the microscope (a picture taken at 55 000x, when printed on paper, will result in a magnification 130 000x).
Please help me on this issue. Is there a way to easily calculate the real magnification when printing digital images on paper (other than measuring)?
Stephane
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We get asked this fairly regularly by schools and parents (so we have stock replies). Often professional microscopists aren't the best source of information for cheap microscope's as all our optical systems are always over £10,000, and most lab mainstays like our three confocal microscopes come in at nearer £200,000 each (and users still complain about image quality). I assume you are asking about home use with your own kids/grandkids. I would first check out the fun Digital Blue QX-5 I mentioned below - but you need a Windows computer to run it and it's not got fantastic resolution. Generally kids do get very bored with microscopes very quickly when they run out of things to view and soon get fed up with the poor quality of the images (rather unlike their Playstation PS2s, GameCubes & Nintendo DS Lites).
Cheap microscopes under £100 are always a disappointment and toy (often called student) microscopes can be very poor. You can easily buy second-hand via ebay, but again there are risks that the optics will be damaged or simply very dirty and difficult to clean and you may make an expensive mistake. Look for old branded 'laboratory' microscopes e.g. Bausch & Lomb, Prior, Leitz, Reichert, Baker, but probably not Tasco toys. Famous existing brands like Zeiss and Olympus attract a high premium. The sellers are often not microscopists though, and many are sold as collector's items and not for 'scientific' use. Also try any local microscope enthusiast clubs - they aren't as common as the many excellent astronomy [telescope] clubs but they are about and have knowledgeable enthusiasts with an eye for low cost quality systems.
There are suppliers geared up to providing cheaper microscopes for schools, so you can ask around at school's science departments, but expect to pay nearer £500 each for a quality setup (although with those like bottom end Meade [www.meade.com] at around £100 you can see something at low mag (~20x objective i.e. around 180x mag) with a quality stained section.
For pond life etc. a stereoscopic 'dissecting' microscope (40x to 120x mag) is ideal, and of course you can get a really long way with a good large magnifying glass (not the really small hi-mag cheap folding lens ones, try before you buy) - I have a few excellent ones at home for £1 and a good low mag Osram one that includes an illuminating halogen bulb at £8. In general I would say a good stereo dissecting microscope is a good choice (if not the best) for kids as it's great for viewing living things and enlarges what you can see already - look for 40x rather than 4x though. They are a bit expensive though so you would probably have to buy secondhand (look out for branded ones like Bausch & Lomb, and Prior).
Generally prepared slides can rapidly get very boring for under 14s, but living or unusual things (even hamster fur) always attract an audience. Also try your flatbed film scanner, (not the LiDe types that have a very limited depth of focus, and any from around £60 upwards) that will be good for looking at soft static things: leaves, fruit, nuts, household objects (scan at max resolution and try reflected and 'film' mode). In the UK there are sites like http://www.wedgwood-group.com/microscopes_digital.htm that cater for schools and colleges, providing standard compound and stereo microscopes as well as cheap PC video based microscope solutions where the whole class can look at a computer screen with some pushing and shoving. Best to try them on 'approval' as many cheap microscopes can be disappointing if you expect too much.
Excellent pre-prepared stained slides of plant stems and leaves or bits of rats, insects etc.. can be bought via ebay, but they tend to be expensive and are easily broken by any age-group. Mounted slides keep well though, so 'vintage' ones even from 50 years ago can still look OK - most schools will have some specimen slides knocking about.
At home and our Primary school (under 11) we use the Digital Blue QX-5 (£70) - it's fun but pretty useless for serious microscope work as it's so low res (but at 640 x 480 better than the old Intel QX-3 it replaced). It puts the image on a PC screen. I have one at home for my kids (boy 10 and girl 12) but it only gets occasional use now the novelty has worn off. See http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/intelplay/index.html (not updated for the QX-5 but all applies - the site even discusses ways of contrast enhancement etc..). Once on the PC the 640x480 images can be manipulated and pasted etc, and the QX-5 does time-lapse for things like crystal growth. Living plants growing and small animals. The similar but far better built Olympus MIC-D was great but being over £500 it was just too expensive for most schools and is now discontinued - there are other similar budget systems about though.
The macro on a good digital camera (like the image stabilised 5MP Canon S2IS going cheap at £200 over here - http://www.dpreview.com/reviews/canons2is) is also worth a try, particularly with a small tripod and halogen bendy desk lamp if very close-up, but I'm not sure I'd like a class with 20 boys near my Olympus E500 digital SLR system though. You can get quite reasonable pictures by resting a small compact digital camera lens against the eyepiece of a microscope. Plus you can the camera for normal photography when you get bored with microscopy.
By the way, if you get a microscope, do try growing crystals on a slide, a few drops of a saturated solution of salt (NaCl) or copper sulphate will grow superb crystals on the surface of a slide when viewed under a microscope (but it takes a few hours for the crystals to form and they often look best before the liquids all gone). Just make sure they don't drive the objective tips into the solution. It's not biology but its fun.
Regards
Keith
Try looking in Amazon.com for decent microscope books with lots of pictures (and they have a good customer review system for books and even microscopes - I have a detailed review on the Digital Blue QX-5 at www.amazon.co.uk). Plus try web searches for general sites like these (and for more specific topics) :
http://www.101science.com/Microscope.htm http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/ http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/index.html http://www.btinternet.com/~stephen.durr/ http://www.mccroneatlas.com http://www.diatoms.co.uk [for fun images made of diatoms]
---------------------------------------------------------- Dr Keith J Morris Imaging Facilities Manager Cell Biology Division Institute of Ophthalmology University College London 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL
-----Original Message----- X-from: mzeldin-at-richmond.edu [mailto:mzeldin-at-richmond.edu] Sent: 11 September 2006 23:38 To: keith.morris-at-ucl.ac.uk
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (mzeldin-at-richmond.edu) from http://www.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Monday, September 11, 2006 at 14:43:05 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: mzeldin-at-richmond.edu Name: marty zeldin
Education: K-8 Grade Grammar School
Location: richmond, VA
Question: I'm interested in buying a "started" microscope for a grammar school grandchild. I'd like to keep the cost below $100. Is that possible? If yes, what are your recommendations -- make, model, supplier?
The magnification should be relative to the original microscope's print (or negative) size, if and only if the Megaview captures 100% of the original field of view. If so, the EM's magnification will be correct if you print at the original print size (e.g., 4x5). Any other print size will scale the magnification linearally (i.e., not by area). The math is simple, but entirely dependent on what field size the Megaview captures (again use a scale that is linear, e.g., the horizontal field percentage). Another method would be to image a magnification standard, but I am not a TEM'er and cannot suggest one.
Once you have the mag figured out calculate a relationship that will provide the size (pixels) of a variety of microbars for your microscope's choice of magnifications, e.g., a spreadsheet.
HTH, Michael Shaffer :o)
SEM/MLA Research Coordinator http://www.mun.ca/creait/maf/ Inco Innovation Centre c/o Memorial University St. John's, NL A1C 5S7
} -----Original Message----- } From: nizets2-at-yahoo.com [mailto:nizets2-at-yahoo.com] } Sent: September 12, 2006 6:52 AM } To: michael-at-shaffer.net } Subject: [Microscopy] real magnification } } } } } -------------------------------------------------------------- } -------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy } Society of America To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -------------------------------------------------------------- } -------------- } } Dear listers, } } I have a question about magnification and manipulation of } pictures in digital format. } I am a little bit confused because until now I used photo } films, and when they were printed on paper I knew the } magnification, which makes the calculation of the "real" } magnification of printed pictures taken in TEM easy to know. } But now I am using the Megaview III with Analysis and when I } save the picture in picture format (to insert in Word } reports) I don't know the real magnification. } All pictures are 23.3 cm by 17.48 cm. So if I print without } rescaling, there is a factor of approx. 2,5x magnification } compared to the mag. given by the microscope (a picture taken } at 55 000x, when printed on paper, will result in a } magnification 130 000x). } } Please help me on this issue. Is there a way to easily } calculate the real magnification when printing digital images } on paper (other than measuring)? } } Stephane } } } __________________________________________________ } Do You Yahoo!? } Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection } around http://mail.yahoo.com } } ==============================Original } Headers============================== } 6, 18 -- From nizets2-at-yahoo.com Tue Sep 12 04:19:55 2006 6, } 18 -- Received: from web37410.mail.mud.yahoo.com } (web37410.mail.mud.yahoo.com [209.191.91.142]) } 6, 18 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) } with SMTP id k8C9JtkA030118 } 6, 18 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep } 2006 04:19:55 -0500 } 6, 18 -- Received: (qmail 93133 invoked by uid 60001); 12 Sep } 2006 09:19:54 -0000 6, 18 -- DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; } q=dns; c=nofws; } 6, 18 -- s=s1024; d=yahoo.com; } 6, 18 -- } h=Message-ID:Received:Date:From:Subject:To:MIME-Version:Conten } t-Type:Content-Transfer-Encoding; } 6, 18 -- } b=H1LGgxOYjFIEW+npxO+UttTVEX88b5cxc1/2GaEfyCyxU3mVjM0rucj1j3KX } LETWoHeNZ/NjKL69dS96Zh44bBhAL6yUDHZA1HT1K+LzHfzfJJp1t8ule9vWaJ } dLZfvxh75xhQI5i+Ug+WTbMdEg09ZnjsCUpfgZpHMh1utW5x8= ; } 6, 18 -- Message-ID: } {20060912091954.93131.qmail-at-web37410.mail.mud.yahoo.com} } 6, 18 -- Received: from [80.122.101.102] by } web37410.mail.mud.yahoo.com via HTTP; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 } 02:19:54 PDT 6, 18 -- Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2006 02:19:54 -0700 } (PDT) 6, 18 -- From: Stephane Nizet {nizets2-at-yahoo.com} 6, 18 } -- Subject: real magnification 6, 18 -- To: } microscopy-at-microscopy.com 6, 18 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 6, 18 -- } Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 6, 18 -- } Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit } ==============================End of - } Headers============================== } } __________ NOD32 1.1751 (20060912) Information __________ } } This message was checked by NOD32 antivirus system. } http://www.eset.com } }
==============================Original Headers============================== 7, 21 -- From michael-at-shaffer.net Tue Sep 12 04:47:36 2006 7, 21 -- Received: from ws6-3.us4.outblaze.com (ws6-3.us4.outblaze.com [205.158.62.199]) 7, 21 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with SMTP id k8C9laWR018612 7, 21 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 04:47:36 -0500 7, 21 -- Received: (qmail 3359 invoked from network); 12 Sep 2006 09:52:08 -0000 7, 21 -- Received: from unknown (HELO rarewolf) (michael-at-shaffer.net-at-205.251.84.119) 7, 21 -- by ws6-3.us4.outblaze.com with SMTP; 12 Sep 2006 09:52:08 -0000 7, 21 -- From: "michael shaffer" {michael-at-shaffer.net} 7, 21 -- To: {nizets2-at-yahoo.com} 7, 21 -- Cc: "MSA Microscopy list" {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 7, 21 -- Subject: RE: [Microscopy] real magnification 7, 21 -- Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2006 07:19:35 -0230 7, 21 -- Message-ID: {005401c6d650$c22bb590$4701a8c0-at-rarewolf} 7, 21 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 7, 21 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 7, 21 -- charset="us-ascii" 7, 21 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit 7, 21 -- X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook 11 7, 21 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2962 7, 21 -- Thread-Index: AcbWTUcUdJ0sbWy9RhyyLRSA8p7+lAAAe+HA 7, 21 -- In-Reply-To: {200609120921.k8C9Leks030866-at-ns.microscopy.com} ==============================End of - Headers==============================
The easiest solution to this, if it would work for you, is to use the report function in Analysis. Any images printed can have the magnification displayed and calculated automatically. Another option, since you print your images at the same size each time, would be to print an image from all of your common mags from Analysis and use it as a reference when importing them into Word.
Hope this helps, Steve
Steven Lee Chief Technologist Electron Microscopy Laboratory Baylor University Medical Center 3500 Gaston Ave Dallas, TX 75246 Ph: 214.820.3302 Fx: 214.820.4110 Em: stevenle-at-baylorhealth.edu
-----Original Message----- X-from: nizets2-at-yahoo.com [mailto:nizets2-at-yahoo.com] Sent: Tuesday, September 12, 2006 4:31 AM To: Lee, Steven
Dear listers,
I have a question about magnification and manipulation of pictures in digital format. I am a little bit confused because until now I used photo films, and when they were printed on paper I knew the magnification, which makes the calculation of the "real" magnification of printed pictures taken in TEM easy to know. But now I am using the Megaview III with Analysis and when I save the picture in picture format (to insert in Word reports) I don't know the real magnification. All pictures are 23.3 cm by 17.48 cm. So if I print without rescaling, there is a factor of approx. 2,5x magnification compared to the mag. given by the microscope (a picture taken at 55 000x, when printed on paper, will result in a magnification 130 000x).
Please help me on this issue. Is there a way to easily calculate the real magnification when printing digital images on paper (other than measuring)?
Stephane
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==============================Original Headers============================== 17, 25 -- From StevenLe-at-BaylorHealth.edu Tue Sep 12 06:46:07 2006 17, 25 -- Received: from BHDAEXIMS02.bhcs.pvt (mailhost2.bhcs.com [4.22.141.163]) 17, 25 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8CBk6nD030221 17, 25 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 06:46:07 -0500 17, 25 -- Received: from BHDAEXFE01.bhcs.pvt ([10.5.3.72]) by BHDAEXIMS02.bhcs.pvt with InterScan Messaging Security Suite; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 06:46:06 -0500 17, 25 -- Received: from BHDAEXCH11.bhcs.pvt ([10.5.3.67]) by BHDAEXFE01.bhcs.pvt with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.211); 17, 25 -- Tue, 12 Sep 2006 06:47:17 -0500 17, 25 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.5 17, 25 -- Content-class: urn:content-classes:message 17, 25 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 17, 25 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 17, 25 -- charset="US-ASCII" 17, 25 -- Subject: RE: [Microscopy] real magnification 17, 25 -- Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2006 06:46:05 -0500 17, 25 -- Message-ID: {74A8B7A904152141BD5AA2761F5D223401C95BC3-at-BHDAEXCH11.bhcs.pvt} 17, 25 -- In-Reply-To: {200609120931.k8C9VNCA017603-at-ns.microscopy.com} 17, 25 -- X-MS-Has-Attach: 17, 25 -- X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 17, 25 -- Thread-Topic: [Microscopy] real magnification 17, 25 -- Thread-Index: AcbWTkTb0lISWuE2RuWHSEhWFyMWnQAEYUNQ 17, 25 -- From: "Lee, Steven" {StevenLe-at-BaylorHealth.edu} 17, 25 -- To: {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 17, 25 -- X-OriginalArrivalTime: 12 Sep 2006 11:47:17.0216 (UTC) FILETIME=[32630600:01C6D661] 17, 25 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 17, 25 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k8CBk6nD030221 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
would it not be simpler in the long run to incorporate a scale bar in all of your originally scanned or captured images? Then when they are manipulated the scale bar will still be accurate. It's also useful for publications and general measurement of detail.
Our TEM has a fixed number of magnification steps and it's a relatively trivial task to keep stock images of the scale bars in a folder on the computer then superimpose them. I scan images from negatives at fixed resolutions and have made up scale bars for the most common scan settings. If the scale bar is 10um, 1um, 01.um then measure it in mms and multiply by 100, 1000, 10000 respectively to give you your magnification.
Malcolm
Malcolm Haswell School of Health, Natural and Social Sciences Fleming Building University of Sunderland Tyne & Wear SR1 3SD UK e-mail: malcolm.haswell-at-sunderland.ac.uk
----- Original Message ----- X-from: nizets2-at-yahoo.com
Dear Stephane,
I think that if the accuracy of your digital micrograph magnification is important, there is no substitute for recording images of a standard certified stage micrometer (usually oriented along the major image dimension) under exactly the same optical settings (e.g. zoom!) as your specimens. From these calibration images you can easily calculate the length of each pixel, or the number of pixels per measurement unit (e.g. pixels per micrometer). I once wrote a small program using these data to create a small "micron bar" as a TIFF file for insertion (pasting) into the appropriate digital images. This has the advantage over some commercial systems in that the bar can be placed wherever you like, so as not to obscure any important specimen details. Best wishes,
Jim
-----Original Message----- X-from: nizets2-at-yahoo.com [mailto:nizets2-at-yahoo.com] Sent: 12 September 2006 11:30 To: James Chalcroft
Dear listers,
I have a question about magnification and manipulation of pictures in digital format. I am a little bit confused because until now I used photo films, and when they were printed on paper I knew the magnification, which makes the calculation of the "real" magnification of printed pictures taken in TEM easy to know. But now I am using the Megaview III with Analysis and when I save the picture in picture format (to insert in Word reports) I don't know the real magnification. All pictures are 23.3 cm by 17.48 cm. So if I print without rescaling, there is a factor of approx. 2,5x magnification compared to the mag. given by the microscope (a picture taken at 55 000x, when printed on paper, will result in a magnification 130 000x).
Please help me on this issue. Is there a way to easily calculate the real magnification when printing digital images on paper (other than measuring)?
Stephane
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The correct approach is to use a scale bar on each image, in this way there is no abiguity of the dimensions of a micrograph regardless of how it is printed. Using magnification will just lead to errors when documents are printed or copied. Think of your report just like a paper in a Journal. It has to survive any number of reproduction processes from simple printing, to photocopying, scanning and/or faxing. You have no control over the size of the image once it has left your computer, so an absolute scale bar should be embedded permananetly in your image.
Just as you don't trust the nominal magnification of your microscope & film negative , you will need to calibrate the magnification of your microscope & digital negative.
Calibrating the magnification of your digital image would be done the same way you do a negative. Put in a calibrated object, record the "digital" image at a preset pixel resolution at each magnification setting and then calculate the true scale/magnification. The units simply become the scaling dimension (cm, mm, um, nm, pm)/pixel based upon your instruments indicated magnification setting.
Once you have this done you can put any "scale" bar you want on an image since you have a calibration in units/pixel at each magnification. Remember if your camera allows several different resolutions (1K x1K vs 4Kx4K) you will have to compensate for this in your calibration/pixel.
Some digital image capture systems have an option to interface to the microscope and read an apparent magnfication and from this it can calculate and embedd a scale marker on each image. Beware that you should check such calibrations here too, don't blindly trust marker which the imaging system places on your image, it should be close, but there may be errors.
Nestor Your Friendly Neighborhood SysOp
==============================Original Headers============================== 9, 13 -- From zaluzec-at-microscopy.com Tue Sep 12 08:08:12 2006 9, 13 -- Received: from [206.69.208.22] (mac22.zaluzec.com [206.69.208.22]) 9, 13 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8CD8BSk029744 9, 13 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 08:08:12 -0500 9, 13 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 9, 13 -- Message-Id: {p06110402c12c5cefe4dd-at-[206.69.208.22]} 9, 13 -- In-Reply-To: {200609121223.k8CCN3CM008454-at-ns.microscopy.com} 9, 13 -- References: {200609121223.k8CCN3CM008454-at-ns.microscopy.com} 9, 13 -- Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2006 08:08:10 -0500 9, 13 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 9, 13 -- From: "Nestor J. Zaluzec" {zaluzec-at-microscopy.com} 9, 13 -- Subject: Re: real magnification - Use scale bars! 9, 13 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ==============================End of - Headers==============================
In addition to Nestor's advice, one can add a second help to the indispensable scale bar, in the form of a text file, which has the same name than the image, and which encloses all the parameters about the sample, the microscope, the acquisition conditions, and among these, the original magnification, in form of the original microscope magnification (x?0000, calibrated or uncalibrated, film or CCD size, etc), and of the pixel size from the original numerical image (?nm/pixel). The first indicates the conditions in which the image was taken, the second helps for all image processings. Of coarse, it must be corrected if one perform a rescale of the image !
J. Faerber IPCMS-GSI (Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Groupe Surface et Interfaces) 23, rue de Loess ; BP43 67034 Strasbourg CEDEX 2 France
nizets2-at-yahoo.com a écrit : } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Dear listers, } } I have a question about magnification and manipulation } of pictures in digital format. } I am a little bit confused because until now I used } photo films, and when they were printed on paper I } knew the magnification, which makes the calculation of } the "real" magnification of printed pictures taken in } TEM easy to know. But now I am using the Megaview III } with Analysis and when I save the picture in picture } format (to insert in Word reports) I don't know the } real magnification. } All pictures are 23.3 cm by 17.48 cm. So if I print } without rescaling, there is a factor of approx. 2,5x } magnification compared to the mag. given by the } microscope (a picture taken at 55 000x, when printed } on paper, will result in a magnification 130 000x). } } Please help me on this issue. Is there a way to easily } calculate the real magnification when printing digital } images on paper (other than measuring)? } } Stephane } } } __________________________________________________ } Do You Yahoo!? } Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around } http://mail.yahoo.com } } ==============================Original Headers============================== } 6, 18 -- From nizets2-at-yahoo.com Tue Sep 12 04:19:55 2006 } 6, 18 -- Received: from web37410.mail.mud.yahoo.com (web37410.mail.mud.yahoo.com [209.191.91.142]) } 6, 18 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with SMTP id k8C9JtkA030118 } 6, 18 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 04:19:55 -0500 } 6, 18 -- Received: (qmail 93133 invoked by uid 60001); 12 Sep 2006 09:19:54 -0000 } 6, 18 -- DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; q=dns; c=nofws; } 6, 18 -- s=s1024; d=yahoo.com; } 6, 18 -- h=Message-ID:Received:Date:From:Subject:To:MIME-Version:Content-Type:Content-Transfer-Encoding; } 6, 18 -- b=H1LGgxOYjFIEW+npxO+UttTVEX88b5cxc1/2GaEfyCyxU3mVjM0rucj1j3KXLETWoHeNZ/NjKL69dS96Zh44bBhAL6yUDHZA1HT1K+LzHfzfJJp1t8ule9vWaJdLZfvxh75xhQI5i+Ug+WTbMdEg09ZnjsCUpfgZpHMh1utW5x8= ; } 6, 18 -- Message-ID: {20060912091954.93131.qmail-at-web37410.mail.mud.yahoo.com} } 6, 18 -- Received: from [80.122.101.102] by web37410.mail.mud.yahoo.com via HTTP; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 02:19:54 PDT } 6, 18 -- Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2006 02:19:54 -0700 (PDT) } 6, 18 -- From: Stephane Nizet {nizets2-at-yahoo.com} } 6, 18 -- Subject: real magnification } 6, 18 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } 6, 18 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 } 6, 18 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 } 6, 18 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit } ==============================End of - Headers============================== }
==============================Original Headers============================== 6, 29 -- From jacques.faerber-at-ipcms.u-strasbg.fr Tue Sep 12 09:09:58 2006 6, 29 -- Received: from mailhost.u-strasbg.fr (mailhost.u-strasbg.fr [130.79.200.151]) 6, 29 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8CE9wok008747 6, 29 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 09:09:58 -0500 6, 29 -- Received: from ipcms.u-strasbg.fr (ipcms.u-strasbg.fr [130.79.210.2]) 6, 29 -- by mailhost.u-strasbg.fr (8.13.8/jtpda-5.5pre1) with ESMTP id k8CE9sVV085783 6, 29 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 16:09:54 +0200 (CEST) 6, 29 -- Received: from [130.79.54.3] (odhinn.u-strasbg.fr [130.79.54.3]) 6, 29 -- by ipcms.u-strasbg.fr (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0AC5810001DF 6, 29 -- for {Microscopy-at-Microscopy.Com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 16:09:32 +0200 (CEST) 6, 29 -- Message-ID: {4506BFA4.3080109-at-ipcms.u-strasbg.fr} 6, 29 -- Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2006 16:09:40 +0200 6, 29 -- From: "j.faerber" {jacques.faerber-at-ipcms.u-strasbg.fr} 6, 29 -- User-Agent: Thunderbird 1.5.0.5 (X11/20060728) 6, 29 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 6, 29 -- To: Microscopy-at-microscopy.com 6, 29 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] real magnification 6, 29 -- References: {200609120931.k8C9VUnJ018015-at-ns.microscopy.com} 6, 29 -- In-Reply-To: {200609120931.k8C9VUnJ018015-at-ns.microscopy.com} 6, 29 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed 6, 29 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 6, 29 -- X-IPCMS-MailScanner: Found to be clean 6, 29 -- X-IPCMS-MailScanner-From: jacques.faerber-at-ipcms.u-strasbg.fr 6, 29 -- X-Greylist: Sender IP whitelisted, not delayed by milter-greylist-2.0.2 (mailhost.u-strasbg.fr [130.79.200.151]); Tue, 12 Sep 2006 16:09:54 +0200 (CEST) 6, 29 -- X-Virus-Scanned: ClamAV 0.88.4/1871/Tue Sep 12 15:28:18 2006 on mr1.u-strasbg.fr 6, 29 -- X-Virus-Status: Clean 6, 29 -- X-Spam-Status: No, score=-0.5 required=5.0 tests=AWL autolearn=disabled 6, 29 -- version=3.1.4 6, 29 -- X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.1.4 (2006-07-25) on mr1.u-strasbg.fr ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Since the original poster mentioned that he is using our camera and therefore also our software, let me weigh in on the issue.
Everyone who has answered to the original posting is correct. The magnification is in fact dependent on what size the images have that you look at (be it on print or on the viewing screen, and also if you are looking at the whole image, or perhaps only a part of it. In the old days of film, this was typically taken care of by printing the entire negative at a fixed image size. It was then just a single conversion factor that had to be taken into account to measure something.
In the digital age, nobody wants to be limited that way anymore. Users want to zoom in on certain areas, they may want a small image or a large print, and it is very easy to do. Calibration then becomes an issue that one has to deal with.
In our software we implemented it the following way:
1) You go through a calibration routine to calibrate a number of magnification settings of the microscope. This is easily done. You put a calibration sample into the scope, take a picture at a given configuration of the camera (full sensor, partial sensor, etc.), and then point out on the screen what the calibration measurement is. From that the software can calculate the pixel calibration (for example 10 nm/pixel) and from then on the software can accurately keep track of the calibration. You can do that for several magnification settings and the software will inter/extrapolate for other magnification settings. We have thus created a fixed link between magnification and calibration. Note: this does not require the magnification of the microscope to be calibrated, only to be reproducible.
2) Once you have an image acquired, you can enter the magnification (either manually or automatically) and the software automatically calibrates the image.
3) You can now display calibration bars on the image or print, and for a print you can also print the magnification. As one of the posters mentioned, you do that with "report" function. A magnification on the screen is not useful, as the computer does not really know what size monitor you are using, and the magnification depends on that. Also, you can use the software directly to make measurements, and don't need to resort to conversion factors and such.
4) We think that it is best to display a scale bar on the image, as that changes with the image when you manipulate the image. For example, if you print an image from the software, both scale bar and magnification will be correct. If you then somehow copy the image and make it, say, smaller, the magnification will be wrong, but the scale bar is still correct.
5) If you want to get information about the acquisition parameters, open the image in our software and press "Alt-Enter". Click on "channel" and it will show you what magnification the images was acquired at, what the exposure time was, etc. This information is stored in the TIF header and thus stays with the image. Unfortunately there are no public TIF tags that can be used for this, so it will only be visible in our software, unless another software writes an import filter for that.
Stephane, look at the scale bar options and the report functionality to set up the software the way you need it. If you have trouble, please call our support. They can help you.
Michael Bode, Ph.D.
General Manager
OLYMPUS SOFT IMAGING SOLUTIONS 12596 West Bayaud Ave #300 Lakewood, CO 80228 USA Tel.: +1 (303) 234-9270 Fax.: +1 (303) 234-9271 E-mail: Mike.Bode-at-olympus-sis.com www.olympus-sis.com
-----Original Message----- X-from: nizets2-at-yahoo.com [mailto:nizets2-at-yahoo.com] Sent: Tuesday, September 12, 2006 03:30 To: Mike Bode
Dear listers,
I have a question about magnification and manipulation of pictures in digital format. I am a little bit confused because until now I used photo films, and when they were printed on paper I knew the magnification, which makes the calculation of the "real" magnification of printed pictures taken in TEM easy to know. But now I am using the Megaview III with Analysis and when I save the picture in picture format (to insert in Word reports) I don't know the real magnification. All pictures are 23.3 cm by 17.48 cm. So if I print without rescaling, there is a factor of approx. 2,5x magnification compared to the mag. given by the microscope (a picture taken at 55 000x, when printed on paper, will result in a magnification 130 000x).
Please help me on this issue. Is there a way to easily calculate the real magnification when printing digital images on paper (other than measuring)?
Stephane
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I agree with J. Faerber. It is important to save all the parameters in a readily accessible file. I suggest that this file should be both easily readible in any text editor and reasonably easily parsed on any computer platform. The 'non-standard' TIF headers in analySIS (mentioned by Mike Bode) and the tag groups in DigitalMicrograph are only really useful in those programs. The two formats that come to mind are the .ini format and XML. Because of the easy readability of '.ini' files and built in or freely available parsers for every platform / software package I use, I write my parameters to an '.ini' file with the same name as the image. I use this to process images in DigitalMicrograh, analySIS, SPIDER, EMAN, and EMAN2.
John Minter
J. Faerber wrote (exerpted):
} In addition to Nestor's advice, one can add a second help to the } indispensable scale bar, in the form of a text file, which has the same } name than the image, and which encloses all the parameters about the } sample, the microscope,
The easiest thing is a scale bar instead of magnification, as if you use a map. No magnification there, and no problem. Scale bar is part of the image. It always provides correct reference, regardless of print or display size.
Vitaly Feingold SIA 2773 Heath Line Duluth GA 30096 Ph. 770-232-7785 Fax 770-232-1791 www.sia-cam.com ----- Original Message ----- X-from: {michael-at-shaffer.net} To: {vitalylazar-at-att.net} Sent: Tuesday, September 12, 2006 5:48 AM
I found that taping a magnifying lens to the front of a digital camera (Sony DSC-P32) and setting the focus fixed (if there is the option) yields good pics. Not quite micro, but certainly as good as many dissecting scopes. Some example images may be found at http://flickr.com/photos/mcammer/tags/macro/ Pictures of things like mold and bugs mostly.
} The macro on a good digital camera (like the image stabilised 5MP Canon S2IS } going cheap at £200 over here - http://www.dpreview.com/reviews/canons2is) } is also worth a try, particularly with a small tripod and halogen bendy desk } lamp if very close-up, but I'm not sure I'd like a class with 20 boys near } my Olympus E500 digital SLR system though. You can get quite reasonable } pictures by resting a small compact digital camera lens against the eyepiece } of a microscope. Plus you can the camera for normal photography when you get } bored with microscopy.
____________________________________________________________________________ Michael Cammer Analytical Imaging Facility Albert Einstein Coll. of Med. URL: http://www.aecom.yu.edu/aif/
==============================Original Headers============================== 6, 31 -- From cammer-at-aecom.yu.edu Tue Sep 12 12:42:29 2006 6, 31 -- Received: from mailgw.aecom.yu.edu (mailgw.aecom.yu.edu [129.98.1.16]) 6, 31 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8CHgT3t020670 6, 31 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 12:42:29 -0500 6, 31 -- Received: from draco.aecom.yu.edu (draco.aecom.yu.edu [129.98.1.160]) 6, 31 -- by mailgw.aecom.yu.edu (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.11) with ESMTP id k8CHgP95022743 6, 31 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 13:42:25 -0400 6, 31 -- Received: from draco.aecom.yu.edu (unknown [127.0.0.1]) 6, 31 -- by draco.aecom.yu.edu (Symantec Mail Security) with ESMTP id 0E8D03299D0 6, 31 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 13:40:35 -0400 (EDT) 6, 31 -- X-AuditID: 816201a0-aeecabb000007fbb-46-4506f112dd17 6, 31 -- Received: from post.aecom.yu.edu (post.aecom.yu.edu [129.98.1.100]) 6, 31 -- by draco.aecom.yu.edu (Symantec Mail Security) with ESMTP id CA8852E5725 6, 31 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 13:40:34 -0400 (EDT) 6, 31 -- Received: from AIF3.aecom.yu.edu (aif3.aif.aecom.yu.edu [129.98.30.137]) 6, 31 -- by post.aecom.yu.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id BC56126 6, 31 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 13:42:24 -0400 (EDT) 6, 31 -- Message-Id: {5.2.1.1.2.20060912133705.01205b28-at-mailserver.aecom.yu.edu} 6, 31 -- X-Sender: cammer-at-mailserver.aecom.yu.edu 6, 31 -- X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.2.1 6, 31 -- Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2006 13:42:25 -0400 6, 31 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 6, 31 -- From: Michael Cammer {cammer-at-aecom.yu.edu} 6, 31 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] RE: AskAMicroscopist: starter microscope for 6, 31 -- a grammar school 6, 31 -- In-Reply-To: {200609120923.k8C9NgWG003309-at-ns.microscopy.com} 6, 31 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 6, 31 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"; format=flowed 6, 31 -- X-Brightmail-Tracker: AAAAAA== 6, 31 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 6, 31 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k8CHgT3t020670 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
I would suggest that in the age of digital imaging, 'magnification' is a useless concept. An image has only to be displayed on, for example, a 21" screen instead of a 19" screen and the magnification changes.
As Nestor says, a scale bar is much more useful, since it is always correct (provided it has been calibrated) however the image is displayed. From my time as Technical Editor at Microscopy & Analysis, I remember the continual frustration with many contributors sending in images without scale bars and refering to the 'magnification' in the figure caption. Considering not only the processing the image might have gone through before it reached me and since the author didn't know what size the image would be printed at, any reference to 'magnification' was meaningless.
It is interesting to consider scanning probe microscopes. Since they only ever generated digital images, from the very begining, almost nobody involved in SPM uses the term 'magnification'. Images are generally described in terms of the 'field of view' and, as far as I'm aware, all commercial SPM diplay images with either scale bars or 'field of view' data. -- Larry Stoter JEOL (UK) Ltd tel: +44-(0)1707-377117, fax: +44-(0)1707-373254, e-mail: larrys-at-jeoleuro.com
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==============================Original Headers============================== 4, 14 -- From larry-at-cymru.freewire.co.uk Tue Sep 12 14:30:54 2006 4, 14 -- Received: from get.freewire.net (get.freewire.net [86.54.106.202] (may be forged)) 4, 14 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8CJUrbh000323 4, 14 -- for {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 14:30:54 -0500 4, 14 -- Received: from [217.154.248.65] (th1dc-217-154-248-65.dial.mistral.co.uk [217.154.248.65]) 4, 14 -- by get.freewire.net (8.13.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id k8CJUfXS001268 4, 14 -- for {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 20:30:49 +0100 4, 14 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 4, 14 -- Message-Id: {p06210201c12cb80b25d8-at-[217.154.248.169]} 4, 14 -- Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2006 20:27:49 +0100 4, 14 -- To: Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com 4, 14 -- From: Larry Stoter {larry-at-cymru.freewire.co.uk} 4, 14 -- Subject: Real Magnification 4, 14 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" ==============================End of - Headers==============================
The Photometrics Applications Group is seeking creative and experienced candidates for the position of Applications Scientist. Among a variety of activities, the Applications Group provides bio-imaging applications oriented support internally and externally, helps to guide product development, produces and refines technical literature, tracks and communicates technology trends and new product opportunities in bio-imaging and opens/maintains lines of communication with the academic sector.
The successful candidate will serve as an essential part of a close-knit, dynamic team of biological imaging experts for cameras, systems, and related products that Photometrics and sister companies supply to the life science community. Duties include identification and monitoring of technology and applications trends, identification of customer requirements and opportunities for new product development. Interface with sales and other marketing personnel to provide on-going product sales training and customer support and understand customer needs and product acceptance. Act as an industry spokesperson for customers, press, and analysts. Identify, establish and manage strategic partnerships, including relationships with customers, suppliers and industry opinion leaders. Candidates should be capable of global travel up to 25% of the time.
Qualifications include skills and knowledge consistent with that usually obtained through an advanced degree, advanced technical knowledge of biological imaging hardware and/or software, experience with bio-chemical and bio-physical methods with a particular emphasis on imaging technologies, and excellent written and verbal communications skills. An in-depth knowledge and understanding of advanced image processing algorithms such as those used in spectral un-mixing, 3-D spatial deconvolution, fluorescence lifetime analysis, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, FRAP, optical tomography etc. is a plus. Practical knowledge in one or more areas of classical microscopy and/or laser scanning optics, electrical engineering, live cell imaging, whole-animal imaging and/or high-throughput imaging or high-content screening are also a plus.
Interested persons are encouraged to send thier CV/resume and cover letter to:
Karl Garsha Head Applications Scientist Photometrics 3440 E. Brittania Drive Tucson, AZ 85706 kgarsha-at-roperscientific.com
I’m happy to answer informal questions related to the position as well. Please feel free to contact me offlist.
Best, Karl
-- Karl Garsha Applications Scientist Roper Scientific 3440 E. Brittania Drive Tucson, AZ 85706 Office: 520-547-2704
==============================Original Headers============================== 10, 24 -- From garsha-at-itg.uiuc.edu Tue Sep 12 17:19:38 2006 10, 24 -- Received: from outmail128166.authsmtp.net (outmail128166.authsmtp.net [62.13.128.166]) 10, 24 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8CMJcKE013074 10, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 17:19:38 -0500 10, 24 -- Received: from [144.22.2.171] (66-162-43-45.static.twtelecom.net [66.162.43.45]) 10, 24 -- (authenticated bits=0) 10, 24 -- by squirrel.dmpriest.net.uk (8.13.6/8.13.6/Kp) with ESMTP id k8CMJZ6q040989 10, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 23:19:36 +0100 (BST) 10, 24 -- Message-ID: {45073274.3080802-at-itg.uiuc.edu} 10, 24 -- Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2006 15:19:32 -0700 10, 24 -- From: Karl Garsha {garsha-at-itg.uiuc.edu} 10, 24 -- Reply-To: kgarsha-at-roperscientific.com 10, 24 -- Organization: Roper Scientific 10, 24 -- User-Agent: Thunderbird 1.5.0.5 (Windows/20060719) 10, 24 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 10, 24 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 10, 24 -- Subject: commercial posting: **Position Announcement** 10, 24 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed 10, 24 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 10, 24 -- X-Server-Quench: c6ab36b5-42ac-11db-b770-001185d377ca 10, 24 -- X-AuthRoute: OCdyaAgTClZaRR4B CiosDTNPDxgkOxYK DBMeOw5bK0AOTg9W KldyK1tYKloHTlZB SnhYBAkaUV9uOjY1 dAhRbQNNYElEXgxg U08HRFRMFQNqHxgC GBobTRt3dQBZeDAr bTUfJBpdHUR+dU91 SwBXFG8FKzRmOTIc VhJdagdWIVBXfx4R OE0tU3QNfGUHZ3to QgNoYG86NCNULyFQ TxsGLFsWCV4MBSI9 QR9QVXdtJUoeRjky KBpuA1gaG1sXOUg3 PF09GxBw 10, 24 -- X-Authentic-SMTP: 61633138303639.squirrel.dmpriest.net.uk:199/Kp 10, 24 -- X-Report-SPAM: If SPAM / abuse - report it at: http://www.authsmtp.com/abuse 10, 24 -- X-Virus-Status: No virus detected - but ensure you scan with your own anti-virus system! ==============================End of - Headers==============================
On Sep 12, 2006, at 2:20 AM, nizets2-at-yahoo.com wrote:
} Please help me on this issue. Is there a way to easily } calculate the real magnification when printing digital } images on paper (other than measuring)? } Dear Stephane, I agree with those who suggest using a scale bar--in fact that is required for publication in some journals. To calculate the proper size of the scale bar in pixels, you need to take images of a standard at each mag, and the Mag*I*Cal is the best standard I've used. I have no connection with this standard except as a satisfied user. Yours, Bill Tivol, PhD EM Scientist and Manager Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility Broad Center, Mail Code 114-96 California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 (626) 395-8833 tivol-at-caltech.edu
==============================Original Headers============================== 4, 22 -- From tivol-at-caltech.edu Tue Sep 12 19:07:12 2006 4, 22 -- Received: from outgoing-mail.its.caltech.edu (outgoing-mail.its.caltech.edu [131.215.239.19]) 4, 22 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8D07CVZ024800 4, 22 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 19:07:12 -0500 4, 22 -- Received: from fire-dog.caltech.edu (fire-dog [192.168.1.4]) 4, 22 -- by water-ox-postvirus (Postfix) with ESMTP id CA6CD2F0A4 4, 22 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 17:07:11 -0700 (PDT) 4, 22 -- Received: from [192.168.157.234] (pix-1.caltech.edu [131.215.2.21]) 4, 22 -- by water-ox.its.caltech.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 88B342EFE4 4, 22 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 Sep 2006 17:07:10 -0700 (PDT) 4, 22 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v624) 4, 22 -- In-Reply-To: {200609120920.k8C9K9t8030285-at-ns.microscopy.com} 4, 22 -- References: {200609120920.k8C9K9t8030285-at-ns.microscopy.com} 4, 22 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed 4, 22 -- Message-Id: {b10344f47bc42b3adeaccb80bbedf27f-at-caltech.edu} 4, 22 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit 4, 22 -- From: Bill Tivol {tivol-at-caltech.edu} 4, 22 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] real magnification 4, 22 -- Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2006 17:10:29 -0700 4, 22 -- To: microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com 4, 22 -- X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.624) 4, 22 -- X-Spam-Scanned: at Caltech-ITS on fire-dog by amavisd-2.3.3 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (batchelder-at-wi.mit.edu) from http://www.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Tuesday, September 12, 2006 at 12:48:19 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Organization: Keck Microscope Facility, Whitehead Institute
Education: Graduate College
Location: Cambridge, MA, USA
Question: What effect on immunolabeling will dehydrating of a tissue have? Is it possible to immunolabel a tissue then dehydrate it for embedding in paraffin?
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (patrick.fairley-at-csauh.com) from http://www.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Tuesday, September 12, 2006 at 20:38:46 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: patrick.fairley-at-csauh.com Name: patrick fairley
Organization: ohio university college of medicine
Education: Graduate College
Location: St. John Westshore Hospital, Westlake, OH
Question: I am trying to use/salvage a B&L KHS teaching binocular microscope. The optics are in quite good shape but the fine focus adjustment and the variable illumination don't work. Do you know of any resource for details on repairing the fine focus and a wiring/troubleshooting/replacement parts for the electrical? thank you very much pf
This Question/Comment was submitted to the Microscopy Listserver using the WWW based Form at http://microscopy.com/MLFormMail.html --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remember this posting is most likely not from a Subscriber, so when replying please copy both lamiller-at-uiuc.edu as well as the MIcroscopy Listserver ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: lamiller-at-uiuc.edu Name: Lou Ann Miller
Organization: UIUC
Title-Subject: [Filtered] Micron Bar Tool -- RE: Real Magnification
Question: Just a side note on a useful web tool.
For those who have their calibrations done at the scope...
And who scan negatives and have scanned in a ruler with the identical specs of the negative scanning, or actually still printing...
Below is a calculator to help you figure the magnification part with micron bars.
http://treefrog.cvm.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/Microna.pl
For example, you scan in a mm ruler and a 15000x negative, plug in 15000, and the calculator will tell you how many mm on the scanned in ruler to make your micron bar for various micron values. Make the micron bar in a layer on top of the ruler image, then pull the layer over and onto your final image. ***** All dpi, scan area, any size change etc must be identical between the 2 files however.
This does not solve your calibration issues, nor is it helpful with many instruments..... but it does help if your scanning negs or printing prints and to keep a lot of clients happy for not having to re-recalculate how to do this over and over and over.
Lou Ann
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Lou Ann Miller, MT(ASCP) Service Supervisor Center for Microscopic Imaging College of Veterinary Medicine Rm 1204 VMBSB 2001 S Lincoln Ave Urbana, IL 61802
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Email: rstiger-at-ppg.com Name: Rebecca M. Stiger
Organization: PPG
Title-Subject: [Filtered] Relocating TEM
Question: Hello Microscopists:
We are interested in moving our Phillips CM-12 from one facility to another. Having the vendor assist is, of course, one option, but we're interested in exploring other resources as well. Do you know of companies or consultants that manage taking the instrument down, packing, and bringing it back up?
Please feel free to contact me off-list if you'd like.
Your questions pertains to the so-called "pre-embedding" techniques. You will probably find informations related to your exact problem on the web using these key-words. One major disadvantage though is the lack of accessibility of tissues or cells by antibodies. If your target is extracellular your chances are better, but there may still be steric problems. If your antigen is intracellular you have to permeabilize the cells before reacting with the antibodies. Permeabilization has always an effect on the cell/tissue morphology, you have to take this into account. Another point is the label you use. If your secondary antibody is coupled to an enzyme (as it is usually the case in histology) there is a chance that it won't survive the post-labeling treatment. Actually (IMHO) post-embedding techniques are usually preferred because of these heavy drawbacks.
Now I notice that I did not answer your question :-D Yes it is possible, but please consider the above remarks.
Regards,
Stephane
--- batchelder-at-wi.mit.edu wrote:
} } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The } Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help } http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Below is the result of your feedback form } (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by } (batchelder-at-wi.mit.edu) from } http://www.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html } on Tuesday, September 12, 2006 at 12:48:19 } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Email: batchelder-at-wi.mit.edu } Name: Erika Batchelder } } Organization: Keck Microscope Facility, Whitehead } Institute } } Education: Graduate College } } Location: Cambridge, MA, USA } } Question: What effect on immunolabeling will } dehydrating of a tissue have? Is it possible to } immunolabel a tissue then dehydrate it for embedding } in paraffin? } } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } ==============================Original } Headers============================== } 7, 12 -- From zaluzec-at-ultra5.microscopy.com Tue Sep } 12 21:29:37 2006 } 7, 12 -- Received: from [206.69.208.22] } (mac22.zaluzec.com [206.69.208.22]) } 7, 12 -- by ns.microscopy.com } (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id } k8D2TZlP004491 } 7, 12 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 12 } Sep 2006 21:29:36 -0500 } 7, 12 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 } 7, 12 -- X-Sender: zaluzec-at-ultra5.microscopy.com } (Unverified) } 7, 12 -- Message-Id: } {p06110400c12d1d710424-at-[206.69.208.22]} } 7, 12 -- Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2006 21:29:34 -0500 } 7, 12 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } 7, 12 -- From: batchelder-at-wi.mit.edu (by way of } Ask-A-Microscopist) } 7, 12 -- Subject: AskAMicroscopist: immunolabeling } & dehydrating of a tissue } 7, 12 -- Content-Type: text/plain; } charset="us-ascii" } ==============================End of - } Headers============================== }
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Hello, I was wondering if anyone was familiar with using the Carbon-flash attachments to the Emitech and Denton desktop sputter coaters. Are you able to get a nice even film of carbon, as well as you can get from using a vacuum evaporator?
Any preference of Emitech versus Denton? We are looking at the turbo version of both units. Thanks.
\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ Gordon Ante Vrdoljak Electron Microscope Lab AOL/IM rakhasha http://nature.berkeley.edu/~gvrdolja 26 Giannini Hall gvrdolja-at-nature.berkeley.edu UC Berkeley phone (510) 642-2085 Berkeley CA 94720-3330 fax (510) 643-6207 cell (510) 290-6793
==============================Original Headers============================== 3, 24 -- From gvrdolja-at-nature.berkeley.edu Wed Sep 13 07:32:15 2006 3, 24 -- Received: from nature.Berkeley.EDU (nature.Berkeley.EDU [128.32.253.219]) 3, 24 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8DCWFUH031358 3, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 07:32:15 -0500 3, 24 -- Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) 3, 24 -- by nature.Berkeley.EDU (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5A2B1D977 3, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 05:32:15 -0700 (PDT) 3, 24 -- Received: from nature.Berkeley.EDU ([127.0.0.1]) 3, 24 -- by localhost (nature.berkeley.edu [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) 3, 24 -- with ESMTP id 19220-03 for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; 3, 24 -- Wed, 13 Sep 2006 05:32:12 -0700 (PDT) 3, 24 -- Received: by nature.Berkeley.EDU (Postfix, from userid 7458) 3, 24 -- id C1C98D978; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 05:32:12 -0700 (PDT) 3, 24 -- Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) 3, 24 -- by nature.Berkeley.EDU (Postfix) with ESMTP id BB3E4D977 3, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 05:32:12 -0700 (PDT) 3, 24 -- Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2006 05:32:12 -0700 (PDT) 3, 24 -- From: Gordon Vrololjak {gvrdolja-at-nature.berkeley.edu} 3, 24 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 3, 24 -- Subject: c-flash attachments for sputter coaters 3, 24 -- Message-ID: {Pine.SOC.4.64.0609101808440.29727-at-nature.Berkeley.EDU} 3, 24 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 3, 24 -- Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed 3, 24 -- X-Virus-Scanned: Maia Mailguard 1.0.1 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
I was wondering what temperature a sample may reach under the electron beam of a TEM. I think that for ediffractometry analysis one have to pull the diffraction aperture out of the way, which means no protection for your sample. But crystals melt, and then they lose their crystallinity!
Lets say I use a LAB6 at 200 kV and on a crystal approx. 500 nm in diameter (usually observed around a MAG of 50kx). I know it all depends on the spot size and I don't know if the spot size is standardized between the different microscopes. Lets say I use the smallest spot size. What temperature could reach the crystal if it was deposited on a formavar-coated copper grid (200 mesh)? On a formvar/carbon copper grid? On a Nickel grid? Would the sample be better protected if we sputter coat carbon over the sample instead of over the formvar film?
I wondered how you TEM specialists who work on minerals and crystals, how you know if your material is still crystalline or armorphous under the conditions of observation?
Stephane
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==============================Original Headers============================== 7, 18 -- From nizets2-at-yahoo.com Wed Sep 13 07:33:15 2006 7, 18 -- Received: from web37402.mail.mud.yahoo.com (web37402.mail.mud.yahoo.com [209.191.91.134]) 7, 18 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with SMTP id k8DCXEd1001197 7, 18 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 07:33:14 -0500 7, 18 -- Received: (qmail 29417 invoked by uid 60001); 13 Sep 2006 12:33:14 -0000 7, 18 -- DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; q=dns; c=nofws; 7, 18 -- s=s1024; d=yahoo.com; 7, 18 -- h=Message-ID:Received:Date:From:Subject:To:MIME-Version:Content-Type:Content-Transfer-Encoding; 7, 18 -- b=uvLpAw0iV2l5lR9fS9kCtMYV4fjPSE0pFmKm5lrdzweiQ0pOQCUD/xWK++Urum9p3A4OFzsrZ3qDR8/hOLbhDbYet135g5p805K15JSYFEXTwRE7JP9OCpZEDrWesRLvOu6eQRh/As5EPgN4ht0ZEvnL1SfaJ5y+nwDjJBHzgf8= ; 7, 18 -- Message-ID: {20060913123314.29415.qmail-at-web37402.mail.mud.yahoo.com} 7, 18 -- Received: from [80.122.101.102] by web37402.mail.mud.yahoo.com via HTTP; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 05:33:14 PDT 7, 18 -- Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2006 05:33:14 -0700 (PDT) 7, 18 -- From: Stephane Nizet {nizets2-at-yahoo.com} 7, 18 -- Subject: local temperature in TEM 7, 18 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 7, 18 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 7, 18 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 7, 18 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit ==============================End of - Headers==============================
This Question/Comment was submitted to the Microscopy Listserver using the WWW based Form at http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remember this posting is most likely not from a Subscriber, so when replying please copy both lon.nelson-at-leica-microsystems.com as well as the MIcroscopy Listserver ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: lon.nelson-at-leica-microsystems.com Name: Lon Nelson
Question: Patrick, if memory serves, this microscope was originally manufactured by Olympus for Bausch & Lomb. Some time ago, Leica Microsystems, Inc. purchased Bausch & Lomb's stereomicroscope line, but did not purchase rights to their compound microscopes (which would include the KHS). This entire compound microscope line has since been discontinued.
Currently, Reichert, Inc. in Buffalo, NY handles service / repair of discontinued B&L stereomicroscopes and they MIGHT be able to help you with the KHS...no guarantees. A contact phone number there is 716 686-3143.
Additionally, you might try I. Miller Precision Optical Instruments in Philadelphia at 215 925-2285.
As a last resort, Google may lead you to someone with repair parts.
Best regards,
Lon M. Nelson Marketing Manager - Life Sciences Leica Microsystems, Inc.
Email: patrick.fairley-at-csauh.com Name: patrick fairley
Organization: ohio university college of medicine
Education: Graduate College
Location: St. John Westshore Hospital, Westlake, OH
Question: I am trying to use/salvage a B&L KHS teaching binocular microscope. The optics are in quite good shape but the fine focus adjustment and the variable illumination don't work. Do you know of any resource for details on repairing the fine focus and a wiring/troubleshooting/replacement parts for the electrical? thank you very much pf
This Question/Comment was submitted to the Microscopy Listserver using the WWW based Form at http://www.microscopy.com/MLFormMail.html --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remember this posting is most likely not from a Subscriber, so when replying please copy both swtkeller-at-yahoo.com as well as the MIcroscopy Listserver ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: swtkeller-at-yahoo.com Name: Sandra Keller
Organization: TA/SICCO
Title-Subject: [Filtered] TEM: Looking for a TEM/HRTEM lab in Dallas Fort Worth metroplex
Question: Hi: I am urgently looking for any lab with a TEM/HRTEM that rents to outside users in the Dallas Fort Worth area. Best Regards, Sandra Keller TA/SICCO
The Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute are sponsoring an advance course on light microscopy. This 4 ½ day workshop will be offered from November 13 through November 17, 2006 and will consist of lectures and laboratory exercises that will run from 9 am to approximately 5 pm each day. The seminar/workshop will be intensive, enabling participants to develop theoretical and hands-on expertise with light microscopes. Attendees will interact closely with the instructors while using modern research grade microscopes, cameras, and computers. The seminars and laboratories will cover basic optical theory and how it pertains to increasing contrast (signal to noise ratio) in biological samples. Fundamental techniques such as fluorescence, phase contrast, Nomarski Differential Interference Contrast, and darkfield imaging will be taught and attendees will use microscopes equipped with these optical enhancement accessories. In addition, the theory and practice of electronic image acquisition (analog and digital) will be presented and attendees will work with low-light cameras, digital image processing computers, and morphometric programs. There are five research grade microscopes, five electronic imaging cameras, two computer workstations, and one confocal microscope. With a maximum enrollment of 10 students, there will be ample opportunity to work with all of the microscopes and cameras. For those so interested, intensive hands-on instruction and guidance on the confocal microscope will be provided. For a fuller description of the workshop please check the web address below. Enrollment forms can be completed online and this workshop provides an opportunity to have a working-vacation in Santa Barbara, California.
For further information on the course please go to the URL address:
On Sep 13, 2006, at 5:33 AM, nizets2-at-yahoo.com wrote:
} I was wondering what temperature a sample may reach } under the electron beam of a TEM. } I think that for ediffractometry analysis one have to } pull the diffraction aperture out of the way, which } means no protection for your sample. But crystals } melt, and then they lose their crystallinity! } } Lets say I use a LAB6 at 200 kV and on a crystal } approx. 500 nm in diameter (usually observed around a } MAG of 50kx). I know it all depends on the spot size } and I don't know if the spot size is standardized } between the different microscopes. Lets say I use the } smallest spot size. What temperature could reach the } crystal if it was deposited on a formavar-coated } copper grid (200 mesh)? On a formvar/carbon copper } grid? On a Nickel grid? Would the sample be better } protected if we sputter coat carbon over the sample } instead of over the formvar film? } } I wondered how you TEM specialists who work on } minerals and crystals, how you know if your material } is still crystalline or armorphous under the } conditions of observation? } Dear Stephane, The final temperature of the sample can be calculated by balancing the energy input to the sample by the beam against the energy that leaves the sample through heat conduction and radiation. Energy is also removed from the sample by secondary electrons and x-rays, but I think that this can be ignored. The energy deposited is equal to the beam current density times the stopping power times the thickness of the sample times the area of the sample. The stopping powers for various substances have been determined and tabulated, but I don't have that table with me. The amount of heat radiated is equal to the Stephan-Boltzman constant times the surface area of the sample times the 4th power of the temperature (in Kelvins), and the amount of heat conducted is equal to the difference in temperature between the sample and the substrate times the thermal conductivity times the effective area of contact, which is somewhere between the projected area of the sample and the perimeter times a "depth of contact", depending on just how well the heat can be carried away from the sample through the substrate. So if you set the energy in (which is not a function of the temperature) equal to the energy out, you can solve for the temperature at steady state, which will be the maximum temperature of the sample. The diffraction aperture is located below the sample, so the sample is exposed to the same amount of beam whether it is in or out. The best way to protect your sample is to use a small beam that can be turned off when images or diffraction patterns are not being taken; a low dose set-up is designed to do precisely that, so use that feature if you have it. (The reason for using a small beam is so that parts of the sample that are not being examined are not being irradiated.) A LaB6 filament can be operated in tip mode, which greatly reduces the intensity of the beam, so you can try this if low dose operation with the largest spot size number (= smallest beam current) still causes your sample to melt. Insert the selected area aperture and spread the beam to a size just larger than the area of the sample defined by that aperture. Carbon coated formvar is a much better conductor than plain formvar, and it is a small benefit to coat with more carbon after the sample is applied to the grid, but the presence of the extra carbon can add background to either the image or diffraction pattern, so it may not be worthwhile, depending on the nature of the sample. Copper is a better conductor than nickel (but not too much better), so there is no advantage to using a nickel grid. I have successfully obtained ED patterns from a variety of crystals without any problems due to melting, including anthracene, which will sublime in the microscope column at room temperature and was examined in a LN2-cooled stage. You should be successful obtaining ED patterns and images from your sample with the proper beam conditions, and you can tell if the sample is still crystalline from the ED pattern or by the FT of an image. Good luck. Yours, Bill Tivol, PhD EM Scientist and Manager Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility Broad Center, Mail Code 114-96 California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 (626) 395-8833 tivol-at-caltech.edu
==============================Original Headers============================== 4, 22 -- From tivol-at-caltech.edu Wed Sep 13 12:30:18 2006 4, 22 -- Received: from outgoing-mail.its.caltech.edu (outgoing-mail.its.caltech.edu [131.215.239.19]) 4, 22 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8DHUI2h022149 4, 22 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 12:30:18 -0500 4, 22 -- Received: from water-dog.caltech.edu (water-dog [192.168.1.26]) 4, 22 -- by earth-ox-postvirus (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8D1C210A170 4, 22 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 10:30:17 -0700 (PDT) 4, 22 -- Received: from [192.168.157.234] (pix-1.caltech.edu [131.215.2.21]) 4, 22 -- by fire-ox.its.caltech.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1339F3586B 4, 22 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 10:30:16 -0700 (PDT) 4, 22 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v624) 4, 22 -- In-Reply-To: {200609131233.k8DCXLm7001536-at-ns.microscopy.com} 4, 22 -- References: {200609131233.k8DCXLm7001536-at-ns.microscopy.com} 4, 22 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed 4, 22 -- Message-Id: {55df1a240ebae5caad52b3816e3e2cb9-at-caltech.edu} 4, 22 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit 4, 22 -- From: Bill Tivol {tivol-at-caltech.edu} 4, 22 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] local temperature in TEM 4, 22 -- Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2006 10:33:34 -0700 4, 22 -- To: microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com 4, 22 -- X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.624) 4, 22 -- X-Spam-Scanned: at Caltech-ITS on water-dog by amavisd-2.3.3 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
We are looking to relocate our EM Facility (SEM´s, TEM´s, Confocal, LM´s) to elsewhere on campus, but before any remodeling or scope moving occurs we need an environmental survey performed. Any suggestions or recommendations as to service providers for doing this in southwest Ohio?
Please, commercial vendors feel free to contact me directly.
Thank you.
Richard E. Edelmann, Ph.D. Electron Microscopy Facility Director 364 Pearson Hall Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056 Ph: 513.529.5712 Fax: 513.529.4243 E-mail: edelmare-at-muohio.edu http://www.emf.muohio.edu
"A main-frame: The biggest PC peripheral available."
==============================Original Headers============================== 10, 25 -- From edelmare-at-muohio.edu Wed Sep 13 12:48:11 2006 10, 25 -- Received: from mulnx11.mcs.muohio.edu (mulnx11.mcs.muohio.edu [134.53.6.66]) 10, 25 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8DHmAKj032592 10, 25 -- for {microscopy-at-Microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 12:48:11 -0500 10, 25 -- Received: from mulnx24.mcs.muohio.edu (mulnx24.mcs.muohio.edu [134.53.6.11]) 10, 25 -- by mulnx11.mcs.muohio.edu (Switch-3.1.8/Switch-3.1.7) with ESMTP id k8DHm3Q5027940 10, 25 -- for {microscopy-at-Microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 13:48:06 -0400 10, 25 -- Received: from [192.168.1.23] ([134.53.14.97]) 10, 25 -- by mulnx24.mcs.muohio.edu (Switch-3.1.8/Switch-3.1.7) with ESMTP id k8DHm29F002176 10, 25 -- for {microscopy-at-Microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 13:48:02 -0400 10, 25 -- From: "Richard E. Edelmann" {edelmare-at-muohio.edu} 10, 25 -- To: microscopy-at-Microscopy.com 10, 25 -- Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2006 13:47:53 -0400 10, 25 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 10, 25 -- Subject: Looking for site survey providers. 10, 25 -- Message-ID: {45080C09.4874.18FF7F55-at-edelmare.muohio.edu} 10, 25 -- Priority: normal 10, 25 -- X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (4.41) 10, 25 -- Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 10, 25 -- Content-description: Mail message body 10, 25 -- X-Real-ConnectIP: 134.53.14.97 10, 25 -- X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.57 on 134.53.6.66 10, 25 -- X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.52 on 134.53.6.11 10, 25 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 10, 25 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from Quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k8DHmAKj032592 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
You need to look at the schmeatic diagrams of the TEM and where the sample sits relative to the objective and diffraction apertures. These are below the sample and as such do not protect your sample. The only things that can protect your sample from heating is minimizing the current density on your sample or minimizing the amount of energy dumped into your sample through inelastic scattering. Your options for the first are several: 1) spread your beam out, 2) use a smaller spot size, 3) use a smaller condenser aperture, or 4) desaturate the filament a little. For minimizing the heating of your sample, you have several options there too: 1) use a cold stage, 2) use a thinner sample, or 3) use a higher accelerating voltage.
I know that when I used 120 kV on glass samples before I had access to a 200 kV machine, coating them with a thin coating of carbon on both sides did help them from softening in the microscope. So I would say yes, carbon coating helps, but it is not the best solution.
You can tell if your sample changes under the beam. While in diffraction mode, simply move the sample to a previously unexposed area and watch the diffraction pattern. If the pattern goes crystalline from amorphous or vice versa, you have a problem and you should call Houston.
-Scott
Scott D. Walck, Ph.D. Technical Director South Bay Technology, Inc. 1120 Via Callejon San Clemente, CA 92673
US Toll Free: 1-800-728-2233 Tel: (949) 492-2600 Fax: (949) 492-1499
www.southbaytech.com walck-at-southbaytech.com
-----Original Message----- X-from: nizets2-at-yahoo.com [mailto:nizets2-at-yahoo.com] Sent: Wednesday, September 13, 2006 5:36 AM To: Walck-at-SouthBayTech.com
Dear listers,
I was wondering what temperature a sample may reach under the electron beam of a TEM. I think that for ediffractometry analysis one have to pull the diffraction aperture out of the way, which means no protection for your sample. But crystals melt, and then they lose their crystallinity!
Lets say I use a LAB6 at 200 kV and on a crystal approx. 500 nm in diameter (usually observed around a MAG of 50kx). I know it all depends on the spot size and I don't know if the spot size is standardized between the different microscopes. Lets say I use the smallest spot size. What temperature could reach the crystal if it was deposited on a formavar-coated copper grid (200 mesh)? On a formvar/carbon copper grid? On a Nickel grid? Would the sample be better protected if we sputter coat carbon over the sample instead of over the formvar film?
I wondered how you TEM specialists who work on minerals and crystals, how you know if your material is still crystalline or armorphous under the conditions of observation?
Stephane
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==============================Original Headers============================== 5, 18 -- From joe.p.neilly-at-abbott.com Wed Sep 13 14:04:25 2006 5, 18 -- Received: from abtmx2.abbott.com (abtmx2.abbott.com [130.36.44.92]) 5, 18 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8DJ4PhH014594 5, 18 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 14:04:25 -0500 5, 18 -- Received: from abtapn561.northamerica.intra.abbott.com (abtapn561.northamerica.intra.abbott.com [10.236.188.103]) 5, 18 -- by abtmx2.abbott.com (Switch-3.1.8/Switch-3.1.7) with ESMTP id k8DJ4OrK001395 5, 18 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 14:04:25 -0500 (CDT) 5, 18 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 5, 18 -- Subject: Analytical Microscopist Position Available 5, 18 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 5, 18 -- X-Mailer: Lotus Notes Release 6.5.4 HF972 April 26, 2006 5, 18 -- Message-ID: {OFE5558806.D261AE04-ON862571E8.004C79EF-862571E8.0068C590-at-abbott.com} 5, 18 -- From: Joseph P Neilly {joe.p.neilly-at-abbott.com} 5, 18 -- Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2006 14:03:45 -0500 5, 18 -- X-MIMETrack: Serialize by Router on ABTAPN561/ESVR/ABBOTT(Release 6.5.4FP2|September 12, 2005) at 5, 18 -- 09/13/2006 14:04:18, 5, 18 -- Serialize complete at 09/13/2006 14:04:18 5, 18 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" ==============================End of - Headers==============================
From sinosteeloffice37-at-rediffmail.com Wed Sep 13 14:40:27 2006 Return-Path: {sinosteeloffice37-at-rediffmail.com} Received: from rediffmail.com (webmail39.rediffmail.com [203.199.83.200] (may be forged)) by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with SMTP id k8DJeQX5032601 for {MicroscopyListserverArchive-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 14:40:26 -0500 Received: (qmail 1388 invoked from network); 13 Sep 2006 19:37:38 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO 9d89402a) (80.88.141.72) by mailserver with SMTP; 13 Sep 2006 19:37:38 -0000 Message-ID: {020c01c6d7af$9c4739c0$2900a8c0-at-9d89402a} Reply-To: "Sinosteel Corporation" {info_sinosteel23-at-yahoo.com.cn}
Some of the answer depends on the characteristics of the coating you need. Why would you lean towards a turbo unit? There are reasons.
I use a Denton Desk II with C fiber attachment. Works great. No turbo. I have used Emitech units before and got no/zero support for them in huge contrast to big support from Denton. My current metal coater is a Denton Desk IV TSC with Au/Pd, Pt, Ir or Pd targets. I asked for and got an Edwards XDS5 dry scroll pump so that the whole metal coating system is without oil. Excellent. This is not such a problem with C coating.
gary g.
At 05:33 AM 9/13/2006, you wrote:
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Could someone tell me what year the Proceedings of M&M changed from fully paper printed, to having a CD attached with most of the abstracts? I know it was sometime between 2000 and 2003...
thanks.
John -- ======================================================== John Fournelle, Ph.D. office: (608) 262-7964 cell: (608) 438-7480 Cameron Electron Microprobe Lab lab: (608) 265-4798 Dept of Geology & Geophysics fax: (608) 262-0693 University of Wisconsin home: (608) 274-2245 1215 West Dayton St. email: johnf-at-geology.wisc.edu Madison, WI 53706 amateur radio: WA3BTA Personal http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~johnf/ Probe lab http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~johnf/sx51.html Probe Sign Up Calender: http://www.microscopy.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/calendar/microprobe/calendar.cgi
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==============================Original Headers============================== 5, 24 -- From johnf-at-geology.wisc.edu Thu Sep 14 14:20:06 2006 5, 24 -- Received: from ice.geology.wisc.edu (ice.geology.wisc.edu [144.92.206.14]) 5, 24 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8EJK6LY031510 5, 24 -- for {Microscopy-at-Microscopy.Com} ; Thu, 14 Sep 2006 14:20:06 -0500 5, 24 -- Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) 5, 24 -- by localhost (Postfix) with ESMTP id BE43D20D0C 5, 24 -- for {Microscopy-at-Microscopy.Com} ; Thu, 14 Sep 2006 14:20:05 -0500 (CDT) 5, 24 -- Received: from ice.geology.wisc.edu ([127.0.0.1]) 5, 24 -- by localhost (geology.wisc.edu [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) 5, 24 -- with ESMTP id 02403-06 for {Microscopy-at-Microscopy.Com} ; 5, 24 -- Thu, 14 Sep 2006 14:19:51 -0500 (CDT) 5, 24 -- Received: from [144.92.206.57] (beamer.geology.wisc.edu [144.92.206.57]) 5, 24 -- (using TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) 5, 24 -- (No client certificate requested) 5, 24 -- by ice.geology.wisc.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id B40D320D01 5, 24 -- for {Microscopy-at-Microscopy.Com} ; Thu, 14 Sep 2006 14:19:51 -0500 (CDT) 5, 24 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 5, 24 -- Message-Id: {p06230910c12f5bb8bb0a-at-[144.92.206.57]} 5, 24 -- Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2006 14:20:51 -0500 5, 24 -- To: Microscopy-at-Microscopy.Com 5, 24 -- From: John Fournelle {johnf-at-geology.wisc.edu} 5, 24 -- Subject: Proceedings M&M volumes 5, 24 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" 5, 24 -- X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at geology.wisc.edu ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Gordon: I use a Denton Desk II with carbon rod, no turbo. I've also used the Emitech K675 which is one of their 8" wafer tools set up for carbon rod. It has a turbo. Both give good coverage; I usually coat for FIB work so I don't have the same criteria as SEM or TEM work would. As Gary says, it will depend on what want and what you're doing with the coating. Ask your sales reps who in your area has coaters you can demo and then you can see if the coatings are what you want.
By the way, I've had the opposite service experience compared with Gary's. (I'm in Texas and I think Gary's on the west coast.)
gary-at-gaugler.com wrote: } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Some of the answer depends on the characteristics of } the coating you need. Why would you lean towards } a turbo unit? There are reasons. } } I use a Denton Desk II with C fiber attachment. } Works great. No turbo. I have used Emitech units } before and got no/zero support for them in huge } contrast to big support from Denton. My current } metal coater is a Denton Desk IV TSC with Au/Pd, } Pt, Ir or Pd targets. I asked for and got an } Edwards XDS5 dry scroll pump so that the whole } metal coating system is without oil. Excellent. } This is not such a problem with C coating. } } gary g. } } } At 05:33 AM 9/13/2006, you wrote: } } } } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } } Hello, } } I was wondering if anyone was familiar with using the Carbon-flash } } attachments to the Emitech and Denton desktop sputter coaters. Are you } } able to get a nice even film of carbon, as well as you can get from using } } a vacuum evaporator? } } } } Any preference of Emitech versus Denton? We are looking at the turbo } } version of both units. } } Thanks. } } } } \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ } } Gordon Ante Vrdoljak Electron Microscope Lab } } AOL/IM rakhasha http://nature.berkeley.edu/~gvrdolja 26 Giannini Hall } } gvrdolja-at-nature.berkeley.edu UC Berkeley } } phone (510) 642-2085 Berkeley CA 94720-3330 } } fax (510) 643-6207 cell (510) 290-6793 } } } } ==============================Original Headers============================== } } 3, 24 -- From gvrdolja-at-nature.berkeley.edu Wed Sep 13 07:32:15 2006 } } 3, 24 -- Received: from nature.Berkeley.EDU (nature.Berkeley.EDU } } [128.32.253.219]) } } 3, 24 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with } } ESMTP id k8DCWFUH031358 } } 3, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 } } 07:32:15 -0500 } } 3, 24 -- Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) } } 3, 24 -- by nature.Berkeley.EDU (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5A2B1D977 } } 3, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 } } 05:32:15 -0700 (PDT) } } 3, 24 -- Received: from nature.Berkeley.EDU ([127.0.0.1]) } } 3, 24 -- by localhost (nature.berkeley.edu [127.0.0.1]) } } (amavisd-new, port 10024) } } 3, 24 -- with ESMTP id 19220-03 for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; } } 3, 24 -- Wed, 13 Sep 2006 05:32:12 -0700 (PDT) } } 3, 24 -- Received: by nature.Berkeley.EDU (Postfix, from userid 7458) } } 3, 24 -- id C1C98D978; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 05:32:12 -0700 (PDT) } } 3, 24 -- Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) } } 3, 24 -- by nature.Berkeley.EDU (Postfix) with ESMTP id BB3E4D977 } } 3, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 } } 05:32:12 -0700 (PDT) } } 3, 24 -- Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2006 05:32:12 -0700 (PDT) } } 3, 24 -- From: Gordon Vrololjak {gvrdolja-at-nature.berkeley.edu} } } 3, 24 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } } 3, 24 -- Subject: c-flash attachments for sputter coaters } } 3, 24 -- Message-ID: {Pine.SOC.4.64.0609101808440.29727-at-nature.Berkeley.EDU} } } 3, 24 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 } } 3, 24 -- Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed } } 3, 24 -- X-Virus-Scanned: Maia Mailguard 1.0.1 } } ==============================End of - Headers============================== } } } } } ==============================Original Headers============================== } 9, 20 -- From gary-at-gaugler.com Thu Sep 14 10:42:56 2006 } 9, 20 -- Received: from qsmtp4.mc.surewest.net (qsmtp.mc.surewest.net [66.60.130.145]) } 9, 20 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with SMTP id k8EFgtfK016693 } 9, 20 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Thu, 14 Sep 2006 10:42:55 -0500 } 9, 20 -- Received: (qmail 10177 invoked from network); 14 Sep 2006 08:40:32 -0700 } 9, 20 -- Received: by simscan 1.1.0 ppid: 10168, pid: 10169, t: 0.3232s } 9, 20 -- scanners: regex: 1.1.0 attach: 1.1.0 } 9, 20 -- Received: from unknown (HELO ivan.gaugler.com) (66.60.171.211) } 9, 20 -- by qsmtp4 with SMTP; 14 Sep 2006 08:40:32 -0700 } 9, 20 -- Message-Id: {7.0.1.0.2.20060914083326.0267b3f8-at-gaugler.com} } 9, 20 -- X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 7.0.1.0 } 9, 20 -- Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2006 08:42:57 -0700 } 9, 20 -- To: gvrdolja-at-nature.berkeley.edu } 9, 20 -- From: Gary Gaugler {gary-at-gaugler.com} } 9, 20 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] c-flash attachments for sputter coaters } 9, 20 -- Cc: MSA listserver {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} } 9, 20 -- In-Reply-To: {200609131233.k8DCXrJf003576-at-ns.microscopy.com} } 9, 20 -- References: {200609131233.k8DCXrJf003576-at-ns.microscopy.com} } 9, 20 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 } 9, 20 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed } ==============================End of - Headers============================== } }
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==============================Original Headers============================== 5, 24 -- From r-holdford-at-ti.com Thu Sep 14 14:29:08 2006 5, 24 -- Received: from arroyo.ext.ti.com (arroyo.ext.ti.com [192.94.94.40]) 5, 24 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8EJT8Kh009436 5, 24 -- for {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} ; Thu, 14 Sep 2006 14:29:08 -0500 5, 24 -- Received: from dlep35.itg.ti.com ([157.170.170.118]) 5, 24 -- by arroyo.ext.ti.com (8.13.7/8.13.7) with ESMTP id k8EJT202005810 5, 24 -- (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA bits=256 verify=NO); 5, 24 -- Thu, 14 Sep 2006 14:29:07 -0500 5, 24 -- Received: from [156.117.194.120] (localhost [127.0.0.1]) 5, 24 -- by dlep35.itg.ti.com (8.13.7/8.13.7) with ESMTP id k8EJT2uU026986; 5, 24 -- Thu, 14 Sep 2006 14:29:02 -0500 (CDT) 5, 24 -- Message-ID: {4509AD7E.2000102-at-ti.com} 5, 24 -- Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2006 14:29:02 -0500 5, 24 -- From: Becky Holdford {r-holdford-at-ti.com} 5, 24 -- Organization: SC Packaging Development -- FA Development 5, 24 -- User-Agent: Thunderbird 1.5.0.5 (Windows/20060719) 5, 24 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 5, 24 -- To: gvrdolja-at-nature.berkeley.edu, 5, 24 -- MSA ListServer {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} 5, 24 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] Re: c-flash attachments for sputter coaters 5, 24 -- References: {200609141543.k8EFhLCS017008-at-ns.microscopy.com} 5, 24 -- In-Reply-To: {200609141543.k8EFhLCS017008-at-ns.microscopy.com} 5, 24 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed 5, 24 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit ==============================End of - Headers==============================
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Edge effects are common in secondary electron images of samples having the appropriate topography. However, on a flat sample, do you think there may be something equivalent to edge effects in a back scattered electron image? In this case there would be no topography effects but could areas of concentrated mineral give an enhanced signal due to not just the additional high atomic number atoms but also due to the particle distribution?
Debby
Debby Sherman, Manager Phone: 765-494-6666 Life Science Microscopy Facility FAX: 765-494-5896 Purdue University E-mail: dsherman-at-purdue.edu S-052 Whistler Building 170 S. University Street West Lafayette, IN 47907 http://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/microscopy
==============================Original Headers============================== 5, 21 -- From dsherman-at-purdue.edu Thu Sep 14 16:02:05 2006 5, 21 -- Received: from 1061exfe04.adpc.purdue.edu (1061exfe04.adpc.purdue.edu [128.210.63.227]) 5, 21 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8EL25wR031291 5, 21 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Thu, 14 Sep 2006 16:02:05 -0500 5, 21 -- Received: from exchange.purdue.edu ([172.21.6.23]) by 1061exfe04.adpc.purdue.edu with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.211); 5, 21 -- Thu, 14 Sep 2006 17:02:04 -0400 5, 21 -- Received: from 128.210.161.94 ([128.210.161.94]) by EXCH04.purdue.lcl ([172.21.6.26]) via Exchange Front-End Server exch.itap.purdue.edu ([128.210.63.104]) with Microsoft Exchange Server HTTP-DAV ; 5, 21 -- Thu, 14 Sep 2006 21:02:04 +0000 5, 21 -- User-Agent: Microsoft-Entourage/11.2.5.060620 5, 21 -- Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2006 17:01:58 -0400 5, 21 -- Subject: BS electrons and edge effects 5, 21 -- From: Debby Sherman {dsherman-at-purdue.edu} 5, 21 -- To: "message to: MSA list" {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 5, 21 -- Message-ID: {C12F3B86.143D8%dsherman-at-purdue.edu} 5, 21 -- Thread-Topic: BS electrons and edge effects 5, 21 -- Thread-Index: AcbYQQQbQseNVEQ0EduvwAARJN08Mg== 5, 21 -- Mime-version: 1.0 5, 21 -- Content-type: text/plain; 5, 21 -- charset="US-ASCII" 5, 21 -- Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit 5, 21 -- X-OriginalArrivalTime: 14 Sep 2006 21:02:04.0878 (UTC) FILETIME=[0834A6E0:01C6D841] ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Yes. BSE generation is a bulk property of the atoms within the interaction volume, therefore variations in local element distribution will cause variation in BSE. I have seen this for instance in crustacean cuticle, where the edges of pores were brighter in BSE imaging because of an increase in Ca concentration at the pore edges. One way to detect this is to compare compositional and topographic images. Which can be confusing if there is both a topographic feature (like, say, a pore) and a compositional feature (like, say, an increase in Ca concentration at the edge of the pore). Then EDS mapping comes in handy. Not to mention changes in BSE images caused by elements migrating due to beam-specimen interactions ...
Phil P.S. "BSE generation is a bulk property of the atoms within the interaction volume." Makes for a great exam question: how can it be truthful to say that a BSE detector can resolve 0.1 Z (atomic number), if Z is always an integer?
} Edge effects are common in secondary electron images of samples having the } appropriate topography. However, on a flat sample, do you think there may } be something equivalent to edge effects in a back scattered electron image? } In this case there would be no topography effects but could areas of } concentrated mineral give an enhanced signal due to not just the additional } high atomic number atoms but also due to the particle distribution? } } Debby } } } Debby Sherman, Manager Phone: 765-494-6666 } Life Science Microscopy Facility FAX: 765-494-5896 } Purdue University E-mail: dsherman-at-purdue.edu } S-052 Whistler Building } 170 S. University Street } West Lafayette, IN 47907 } http://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/microscopy -- Philip Oshel Microscopy Facility Supervisor Biology Department Central Michigan University 024C Brooks Hall Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859 voice: (989) 774-3576 dept. fax: (989) 774-3462
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Question: University of Connecticut Institute of Materials Science
Position in Scanning Electron Microscopy and Optical Microscopy
The Institute of Materials Science (IMS) at UConn is an interdisciplinary center with the threefold mission of fostering education, research and outreach in all areas of the materials sciences. The Microscopy Laboratory is a user facility which houses the main research microscopes (optical, SEM and TEM) for the IMS. There is an opening in the Laboratory for a Scanning Electron Microscopy / Optical Microscopy specialist. The appointee will be involved in a range of academic and industrial projects, and will assist in the operation of the Laboratory including performing routine maintenance and training/assisting users of the microscopes.
Candidates should hold a higher degree (MS or PhD) in Materials Science or a related discipline and must have extensive hands-on SEM and optical microscopy experience. Experience in maintenance of electron microscopes, use of transmission electron microscopy, microscopy of soft materials and/or microtomy would also be beneficial. This is a fixed-term appointment and is available from October 1st. Screening of the applications will begin immediately and will continue until the post is filled. Applications from under-represented groups, including minorities, women and persons with disabilities are encouraged.
Interested candidates should send a curriculum vitae and the names of at least three referees with postal addresses, telephone numbers and Email addresses to: Prof. Mark Aindow, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, CT 06269-3136 USA. Email: m.aindow-at-uconn.edu
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Title-Subject: [Filtered] Confocal--Chameleon XR service contract
Question: Dear All,
I'm hoping to poll those of you out there who have a 2p laser, specifically Chameleon XR users...do you recommend the service contract?? Our warranty is expiring in a few months and we're weighing our financial options around this issue. Unfortunately, we have already had to have our laser replaced...so we are wary of being without coverage. But of course, the service contract is so expensive, it's hard to swallow the idea of spending the money and not needing any service for the year as well.
So I'm hoping 2p users out there might be able to tell me their experiences with and without a service contract to help us better make this decision.
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (zfr_sn-at-yahoo.com) from http://microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Thursday, September 14, 2006 at 13:00:00 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: zfr_sn-at-yahoo.com Name: Sana Ullah
Organization: Govt. College
Education: Graduate College
Location: Lahore,Pakistan
Question: How to prepare a bulk ceramic sample for TEM analysis?
} Edge effects are common in secondary electron images of } samples having the appropriate topography. However, on a } flat sample, do you think there may be something equivalent } to edge effects in a back scattered electron image? } In this case there would be no topography effects but could } areas of concentrated mineral give an enhanced signal due to } not just the additional high atomic number atoms but also due } to the particle distribution?
This is indeed possible, but you should also be careful that your BEI detector isn't also the problem. Both (or all 4) BSED segments need to be perfectly balanced, and I have often observed that putting the sample too near the BSED (short WD) can also enhance edges. In this same regard, I believe that the scintillator type BSED have a large enough acceptance angle to enhance edges at short working distances.
HTH, Michael Shaffer :o)
SEM/MLA Research Coordinator http://www.mun.ca/creait/maf/ Inco Innovation Centre c/o Memorial University St. John's, NL A1C 5S7
==============================Original Headers============================== 7, 21 -- From michael-at-shaffer.net Fri Sep 15 04:37:26 2006 7, 21 -- Received: from ws6-2.us4.outblaze.com (ws6-2.us4.outblaze.com [205.158.62.197]) 7, 21 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with SMTP id k8F9bPIp028593 7, 21 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Fri, 15 Sep 2006 04:37:25 -0500 7, 21 -- Received: (qmail 29802 invoked from network); 15 Sep 2006 09:42:52 -0000 7, 21 -- Received: from unknown (HELO rarewolf) (michael-at-shaffer.net-at-205.251.84.119) 7, 21 -- by ws6-2.us4.outblaze.com with SMTP; 15 Sep 2006 09:42:52 -0000 7, 21 -- From: "michael shaffer" {michael-at-shaffer.net} 7, 21 -- To: {dsherman-at-purdue.edu} 7, 21 -- Cc: "MSA Microscopy list" {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 7, 21 -- Subject: RE: [Microscopy] BS electrons and edge effects 7, 21 -- Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2006 07:09:24 -0230 7, 21 -- Message-ID: {001801c6d8aa$d54cadd0$4701a8c0-at-rarewolf} 7, 21 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 7, 21 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 7, 21 -- charset="us-ascii" 7, 21 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit 7, 21 -- X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook 11 7, 21 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2962 7, 21 -- Thread-Index: AcbYQdXqqA12qOlKSXKvYdEWIv6saQAaDT8g 7, 21 -- In-reply-to: {200609142102.k8EL2WqX032029-at-ns.microscopy.com} ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (alvarobq-at-fcien.edu.uy) from http://www.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Friday, September 15, 2006 at 08:40:57 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: alvarobq-at-fcien.edu.uy Name: Alvaro D. Olivera
Organization: Science University
Education: Undergraduate College
Location: Montevideo - Uruguay
Question:
I'm TEM technician and advanced undergraduate in Biochemistry. I'm trying negative staining whith a small lipo protein HDL like. I'm using CARBON-FORMVAR COATED Cu GRIDS and PTA 2% and 3%. I can't see it. What do you suggest?
If there is a significant difference in the hardness of phases of a specimen, then "flat" specimen could be not really flat, especially if it is prepared by polishing. In cases like this I did observed some "edge effect" in BSE, which is due to the curvature of the edges of phase boundaries.
Also I have observed strong edge effect on bone specimens embedded in a resin (as for TEM) and cut with diamond knife.
Vladimir
Vladimir M. Dusevich, Ph.D. Electron Microscope Lab Manager 371 School of Dentistry 650 E. 25th Street Kansas City, MO 64108-2784
} -----Original Message----- } From: dsherman-at-purdue.edu [mailto:dsherman-at-purdue.edu] } Sent: Thursday, September 14, 2006 4:03 PM } To: Dusevich, Vladimir } Subject: [Microscopy] BS electrons and edge effects } } } } } -------------------------------------------------------------- } -------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy } Society of America To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -------------------------------------------------------------- } -------------- } } Edge effects are common in secondary electron images of } samples having the appropriate topography. However, on a } flat sample, do you think there may be something equivalent } to edge effects in a back scattered electron image? } In this case there would be no topography effects but could } areas of concentrated mineral give an enhanced signal due to } not just the additional high atomic number atoms but also due } to the particle distribution? } } Debby } } } Debby Sherman, Manager Phone: 765-494-6666 } Life Science Microscopy Facility FAX: 765-494-5896 } Purdue University E-mail: dsherman-at-purdue.edu } S-052 Whistler Building } 170 S. University Street } West Lafayette, IN 47907 } http://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/microscopy } } } ==============================Original } Headers============================== } 5, 21 -- From dsherman-at-purdue.edu Thu Sep 14 16:02:05 2006 5, } 21 -- Received: from 1061exfe04.adpc.purdue.edu } (1061exfe04.adpc.purdue.edu [128.210.63.227]) } 5, 21 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) } with ESMTP id k8EL25wR031291 } 5, 21 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Thu, 14 Sep } 2006 16:02:05 -0500 } 5, 21 -- Received: from exchange.purdue.edu ([172.21.6.23]) } by 1061exfe04.adpc.purdue.edu with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.211); } 5, 21 -- Thu, 14 Sep 2006 17:02:04 -0400 } 5, 21 -- Received: from 128.210.161.94 ([128.210.161.94]) by } EXCH04.purdue.lcl ([172.21.6.26]) via Exchange Front-End } Server exch.itap.purdue.edu ([128.210.63.104]) with Microsoft } Exchange Server HTTP-DAV ; 5, 21 -- Thu, 14 Sep 2006 } 21:02:04 +0000 5, 21 -- User-Agent: } Microsoft-Entourage/11.2.5.060620 5, 21 -- Date: Thu, 14 Sep } 2006 17:01:58 -0400 5, 21 -- Subject: BS electrons and edge } effects 5, 21 -- From: Debby Sherman {dsherman-at-purdue.edu} 5, } 21 -- To: "message to: MSA list" {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} } 5, 21 -- Message-ID: {C12F3B86.143D8%dsherman-at-purdue.edu} } 5, 21 -- Thread-Topic: BS electrons and edge effects 5, 21 -- } Thread-Index: AcbYQQQbQseNVEQ0EduvwAARJN08Mg== 5, 21 -- } Mime-version: 1.0 5, 21 -- Content-type: text/plain; } 5, 21 -- charset="US-ASCII" } 5, 21 -- Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit 5, 21 -- } X-OriginalArrivalTime: 14 Sep 2006 21:02:04.0878 (UTC) } FILETIME=[0834A6E0:01C6D841] } ==============================End of - } Headers============================== }
==============================Original Headers============================== 9, 24 -- From DusevichV-at-umkc.edu Fri Sep 15 10:31:25 2006 9, 24 -- Received: from KC-MSXPROTO2.kc.umkc.edu (imap4.exchange.umkc.edu [134.193.143.155]) 9, 24 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8FFVPkT021732 9, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Fri, 15 Sep 2006 10:31:25 -0500 9, 24 -- Received: from KC-MSX1.kc.umkc.edu ([134.193.32.11]) by KC-MSXPROTO2.kc.umkc.edu with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.1830); 9, 24 -- Fri, 15 Sep 2006 10:31:25 -0500 9, 24 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.5 9, 24 -- Content-class: urn:content-classes:message 9, 24 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 9, 24 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 9, 24 -- charset="us-ascii" 9, 24 -- Subject: RE: [Microscopy] BS electrons and edge effects 9, 24 -- Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2006 10:31:24 -0500 9, 24 -- Message-ID: {032EC4F75A527A4FA58C5B1B5DECFBB33ADC4A-at-KC-MSX1.kc.umkc.edu} 9, 24 -- In-Reply-To: {200609142102.k8EL2hLp032421-at-ns.microscopy.com} 9, 24 -- X-MS-Has-Attach: 9, 24 -- X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 9, 24 -- Thread-Topic: [Microscopy] BS electrons and edge effects 9, 24 -- Thread-Index: AcbYQxhxuEO00bXyQ022zXZ6m5ESIgAmGVew 9, 24 -- From: "Dusevich, Vladimir" {DusevichV-at-umkc.edu} 9, 24 -- To: {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} 9, 24 -- X-OriginalArrivalTime: 15 Sep 2006 15:31:25.0202 (UTC) FILETIME=[01401720:01C6D8DC] 9, 24 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 9, 24 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k8FFVPkT021732 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Dear List Members, } } Let us start by saying that we truly hope this email isn't perceived } as us using this medium as a vehicle for promotion. We also wish to } state that this is in no way an admonishment of Gary for his comments. } He is a valuable contributor to the List and we are in no way } disputing the validity of his claim. However, his innocent comment } about Emitech support has the potential to inflict significant damage } to our businesses, thus we are compelled to respond. } The circumstances have recently changed relative to the ownership of } Emitech as well as their representation here in the US. In March 2005, } Quorum Technologies purchased the ongoing business and assets of } Emitech Ltd. Quorum is the UK manufacturer of Polaron, and both } businesses are located in Southern England. Quorum/Polaron is and } always has been a very Customer Service oriented Company. Since the } acquisition, they have worked very hard and invested heavily in the } Emitech Business, both in the product development and Customer facing } areas. Energy Beam Sciences has been the US Distributor of the } Quorum/Polaron product line for many years and in April 2006, were } appointed the US master distributor for Emitech products as well. This } happened as a result of their commitment to Customer Service as well } as their Customer support capabilities. In January 2005, EBSciences } was purchased by a group of its employees. Since that acquisition, } They also have dedicated much effort and significant resources to } making Customer Service a top priority. EBS has a dedicated Service } Department with top notch technicians and in-house engineering support } to diagnose and repair any problem at their Connecticut facility, or } on-site for larger systems like Cryo-SEM stages. For Applications and } Sales, EBS has a Product Manager who is dedicated exclusively to the } needs of our mutual EM Customers. } } We at Quorum and EBS are united in our desire to serve our Customers } and in our determination to become their first choice for sample } preparation equipment. In fact, we offer any Customer that purchases } or has purchased an instrument from us free telephone/email support } for as long as they own that instument. While we cannot atone for the } sins of the past, we can assure our Customers.of our commitment to } providing the very best in service and support going forward. Sincerely,
Bob Kenhard Manging Director Quorum Technologies
Mike Nesta Managing Director Energy Beam Sciences
gary-at-gaugler.com wrote: } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Some of the answer depends on the characteristics of } the coating you need. Why would you lean towards } a turbo unit? There are reasons. } } I use a Denton Desk II with C fiber attachment. } Works great. No turbo. I have used Emitech units } before and got no/zero support for them in huge } contrast to big support from Denton. My current } metal coater is a Denton Desk IV TSC with Au/Pd, } Pt, Ir or Pd targets. I asked for and got an } Edwards XDS5 dry scroll pump so that the whole } metal coating system is without oil. Excellent. } This is not such a problem with C coating. } } gary g. } } } At 05:33 AM 9/13/2006, you wrote: } } } } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } } Hello, } } I was wondering if anyone was familiar with using the Carbon-flash } } attachments to the Emitech and Denton desktop sputter coaters. Are you } } able to get a nice even film of carbon, as well as you can get from using } } a vacuum evaporator? } } } } Any preference of Emitech versus Denton? We are looking at the turbo } } version of both units. } } Thanks. } } } } \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ } } Gordon Ante Vrdoljak Electron Microscope Lab } } AOL/IM rakhasha http://nature.berkeley.edu/~gvrdolja 26 Giannini Hall } } gvrdolja-at-nature.berkeley.edu UC Berkeley } } phone (510) 642-2085 Berkeley CA 94720-3330 } } fax (510) 643-6207 cell (510) 290-6793 } } } } ==============================Original Headers============================== } } 3, 24 -- From gvrdolja-at-nature.berkeley.edu Wed Sep 13 07:32:15 2006 } } 3, 24 -- Received: from nature.Berkeley.EDU (nature.Berkeley.EDU } } [128.32.253.219]) } } 3, 24 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with } } ESMTP id k8DCWFUH031358 } } 3, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 } } 07:32:15 -0500 } } 3, 24 -- Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) } } 3, 24 -- by nature.Berkeley.EDU (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5A2B1D977 } } 3, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 } } 05:32:15 -0700 (PDT) } } 3, 24 -- Received: from nature.Berkeley.EDU ([127.0.0.1]) } } 3, 24 -- by localhost (nature.berkeley.edu [127.0.0.1]) } } (amavisd-new, port 10024) } } 3, 24 -- with ESMTP id 19220-03 for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; } } 3, 24 -- Wed, 13 Sep 2006 05:32:12 -0700 (PDT) } } 3, 24 -- Received: by nature.Berkeley.EDU (Postfix, from userid 7458) } } 3, 24 -- id C1C98D978; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 05:32:12 -0700 (PDT) } } 3, 24 -- Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) } } 3, 24 -- by nature.Berkeley.EDU (Postfix) with ESMTP id BB3E4D977 } } 3, 24 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 13 Sep 2006 } } 05:32:12 -0700 (PDT) } } 3, 24 -- Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2006 05:32:12 -0700 (PDT) } } 3, 24 -- From: Gordon Vrololjak {gvrdolja-at-nature.berkeley.edu} } } 3, 24 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } } 3, 24 -- Subject: c-flash attachments for sputter coaters } } 3, 24 -- Message-ID: {Pine.SOC.4.64.0609101808440.29727-at-nature.Berkeley.EDU} } } 3, 24 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 } } 3, 24 -- Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed } } 3, 24 -- X-Virus-Scanned: Maia Mailguard 1.0.1 } } ==============================End of - Headers============================== } } } } } ==============================Original Headers============================== } 9, 20 -- From gary-at-gaugler.com Thu Sep 14 10:42:56 2006 } 9, 20 -- Received: from qsmtp4.mc.surewest.net (qsmtp.mc.surewest.net [66.60.130.145]) } 9, 20 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with SMTP id k8EFgtfK016693 } 9, 20 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Thu, 14 Sep 2006 10:42:55 -0500 } 9, 20 -- Received: (qmail 10177 invoked from network); 14 Sep 2006 08:40:32 -0700 } 9, 20 -- Received: by simscan 1.1.0 ppid: 10168, pid: 10169, t: 0.3232s } 9, 20 -- scanners: regex: 1.1.0 attach: 1.1.0 } 9, 20 -- Received: from unknown (HELO ivan.gaugler.com) (66.60.171.211) } 9, 20 -- by qsmtp4 with SMTP; 14 Sep 2006 08:40:32 -0700 } 9, 20 -- Message-Id: {7.0.1.0.2.20060914083326.0267b3f8-at-gaugler.com} } 9, 20 -- X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 7.0.1.0 } 9, 20 -- Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2006 08:42:57 -0700 } 9, 20 -- To: gvrdolja-at-nature.berkeley.edu } 9, 20 -- From: Gary Gaugler {gary-at-gaugler.com} } 9, 20 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] c-flash attachments for sputter coaters } 9, 20 -- Cc: MSA listserver {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} } 9, 20 -- In-Reply-To: {200609131233.k8DCXrJf003576-at-ns.microscopy.com} } 9, 20 -- References: {200609131233.k8DCXrJf003576-at-ns.microscopy.com} } 9, 20 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 } 9, 20 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed } ==============================End of - Headers============================== }
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Personally, I would regard an 'edge effect' as a change in contrast due to sample topography which I don't think occurs in BSE imaging.
However, you can get, in many types of sample, 'diffusion' of elements towards morphological and topographical features - such as edges, grain boundaries, etc. Such segregation is 'real' and is revealed by BSE. The 'edge effects' observed in SE imaging are purely a consequence of sample topography on the physics of the imaging method.
As has already been mentioned, preparing a truly flat sample, is difficult. In this case, SE imaging can reveal differences in sample height but BSE imaging will tend to indicate compositional variations.
You should also keep in mind channeling effects, arising from sample crystallography, which give rise to constrast variations unrelated to to composition or topography. And while these are generally 'bulk', that is the whole grain has a contrast determined by orientation and crystallography, it is possible for crystal orientation to be distroted at grain boundaries, leading to constrast changes which could be interpreted as elemental segregation. To separate such effect, you need BSE images plus EDS mapping. -- Larry Stoter
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==============================Original Headers============================== 6, 16 -- From larry-at-cymru.freewire.co.uk Fri Sep 15 14:55:40 2006 6, 16 -- Received: from get.freewire.net (get.freewire.net [86.54.106.202] (may be forged)) 6, 16 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8FJte5S014690 6, 16 -- for {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} ; Fri, 15 Sep 2006 14:55:40 -0500 6, 16 -- Received: from [217.154.248.230] (th1dc-217-154-248-230.dial.mistral.co.uk [217.154.248.230]) 6, 16 -- by get.freewire.net (8.13.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id k8FJt169021192; 6, 16 -- Fri, 15 Sep 2006 20:55:03 +0100 6, 16 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 6, 16 -- Message-Id: {p06210200c130b151023d-at-[217.154.249.234]} 6, 16 -- In-Reply-To: {200609142127.k8ELRoOX011602-at-ns.microscopy.com} 6, 16 -- References: {200609142127.k8ELRoOX011602-at-ns.microscopy.com} 6, 16 -- Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2006 20:53:29 +0100 6, 16 -- To: oshel1pe-at-cmich.edu, Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com 6, 16 -- From: Larry Stoter {larry-at-cymru.freewire.co.uk} 6, 16 -- Subject: [Microscopy] Re: BS electrons and edge effects 6, 16 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" ==============================End of - Headers==============================
I'm at a quandary to respond to your msg. I see your basis but disagree with it.
The original post was specifically about Emitech and Denton.
} } Hello, } } I was wondering if anyone was familiar with using the Carbon-flash } } attachments to the Emitech and Denton desktop sputter coaters. Are you } } able to get a nice even film of carbon, as well as you can get from using } } a vacuum evaporator? } } } } Any preference of Emitech versus Denton? We are looking at the turbo } } version of both units. } } Thanks.
I have experience with both brands. I think that he is asking for and deserves first-hand feedback about purchase options. But I need more application info before making a more pointed suggestion.
Gordon's question did not, IMO include enough detailed info to make a definitive answer. Thus, all that I could do was to say what I know first-hand at this time. I think that I did so.
I have had pleasure with Denton and lack of pleasure with Emitech. This is based on real experience with both brands. Now, based on my posting, I find that EBS is handling the Emitech line. Having dealt with Mike Dufrane from EBS, this is a very positive action. I think that w/o my posting, many of us would still be in the dark about this new engagement. Blah, blah, EMS is a good supplier...disclaimers, blah, blah.
I'm totally in favor of EBS going in competition with Denton and others. EBS has treated me very well. No complaints. And now I/we know that they represent Emitech. Great. Denton has done great. Thus, no easy binary answer.
The fact is that these units represent a significant monetary investment, like other SEM aspects and begs, if not requires, users to provide positive and negative feedback about products to those organizations and individuals in the process of purchasing capital equipment. Do you advocate that users make purchase decisions based on vague data? I presume not. Thus, you should be able to put my reply in context.
If this reply is inappropriate for the list, I'm sure that Nestor will kill it. Fine. Nevertheless, you have a direct reply.
gary g.
At 09:47 AM 9/14/2006, you wrote: } Gary: } } Your response does not seem to answer the question that Gordon } asked. It seems you have used the question to express your great } pleasure with Denton and your displeasure with Emitech. I do not } think this is the proper forum for such comments. If you have } personal opinions about a particular vendor, it would be more } appropriate to make them off line to someone who asks. I have no } financial interest in either Denton or Emitech. } } David } } {mailto:gary-at-gaugler.com} gary-at-gaugler.com wrote: } } } } } } } } } } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
This Question/Comment was submitted to the Microscopy Listserver using the WWW based Form at http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remember this posting is most likely not from a Subscriber, so when replying please copy both durainel-at-bsci.com as well as the MIcroscopy Listserver ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: durainel-at-bsci.com Name: Lita DuRaine
Organization: Boston Scientific
Title-Subject: [Filtered] Gordon / Emitech Sputter Coaters
Question: This is addressed to Gordon Ante Vrdoljak: We have an Emitech K550X Sputter Coater with the carbon flash attachment and have been very satisfied with the results. The coatings so far have appeared evenly distributed on our samples. Customer service for our location in Fremont, CA has been great. I like the unit because we can sputter various metals as well.
Hope that helps, Lita DuRaine Boston Scientific Manager Microscopy Lab
Dear Alvaro, interesting question....& a } lazy sunday {.....
Normally (e.g. as I use it sometimes for negative staining of virus particles) you will have at least two negative staining solutions: i) hydrous PTA (1, 2 or other percentage) ii) hydrous uranylacetate 1-4%.......and sometimes also you will be informed also about a certain pH your solution should for such preparations....
For (small) lipoproteins (esp. for HDL-like) I am not quite sure about wether } simply saying { so or } giving advice { in that way is helpful.
As I understand negative staing, (a) positive result(s) will also depend on a given pH (and therefore [with WHAT ingredients?] buffering the solution eventually to WHICH "special" pH), and (absorption/adhesion) technique of specimen preparation. I'm not an expert on that field, but i don't think your carbon-coated formvar-filmed copper grids are the biggest problem....but,. if I remember correctly, there are several (also older)papers/articles on negative staining techniques for e.g. liposomes (for an imagination on such, try the search phrase } } "negative staining","liporotein" { {) on google, resulting in a lot of papers and statements about some very specific caudeles for adhesion of lipoprotein material....(for instance: see*) below.
Some prefer also prefixation of mixed particles with hydrous Osmium tetroxide before negative staining with the heavy metal solution, sometimes only hydrous, somtetimes with an additive (like sucrose)..... so it may depend also on the type of material you'd like to have demonstrated and wether you are able to get the (macro-)molecule adhering in a stabilized form to the formvar-carbon-surface of the grid or not (cf. *)
Once determined, [by trial&error (perhaps, unluckily)] how to proceed with the grids' properties = hydrophilization and immediate use or storage for months...see *), adhesion time/technique, eventually prestabilization of the specimen by additional fixation, the right negative staining solution (also in terms of i) element [PTA, UO2, AmmMolybdat,Uranylformate, etc.], ii)concentration, iii) pH of the solution, iv) specific additives necessary?)
the technique itself certainly yields reliable and rapid results, even within 5-10 minutes (as I have read in some papers) ==} THAT's what I would like to wish you in overcoming your problem.
I am sure you will get more specific advice via this forum from experts on the matter....
Best regards Wolfgang Muss, Salzburg, AUSTRIA
cf: *) Original paper in: J Lipid Res. 1980 Nov;21(8):981-92. Unilamellar liposomes made with the French pressure cell: a simple preparative and semiquantitative technique. Hamilton RL Jr, Goerke J, Guo LS, Williams MC,Havel RJ. Ex Material & Methods-section: Negative staining of liposomes often causes artifactual images resulting from disruption of small liposomes that subsequently form larger multilamellar structures. Although the mechanism of this process is not understood, it may be caused in part by the intense hydrophobicity of freshly evaporated carbon on grid surfaces. Our attempts to modify the surface film of freshly prepared carbon-coated grids (200-300 mesh copper grids, Fullum, Schenectady,NY) by glow discharge, polylysine, or addition of albumin to sample or grid did not prove satisfactory. However, we have learned empirically that parlodioncovered grids with carbon films made with a Siemens evaporator (VI3 G 500) permit even spreading of liposomes without apparent structural changes, provided that the grids have been aged 6- 12 months on the shelf. Carbon rods for filming were obtained from Ringsdorff-Herke (Spektral Kohlen, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, West Germany). With such “matured” carbon-coated grids, liposomes were prepared for electron microscopy with 2% potassium phosphotungstate at pH 6.45-6.5 by the drop procedure described previously (1 1). We found that the lipid concentration in the sample was also important for preparing uniform spreads. Optimal results were more consistently obtained with samples containing 1- 10 mg/ml PC. Improved results can be obtained for more dilute samples by increasing contact time of the sample on the grid to 2-3 min, and by using a tighter 400 mesh grid.......
308 results with a Google search phrase: } } "negative staining" "of HDL" { { : some of them can be retrieved without charges (esp. older ones out from Journal Lipid Res),
Cf. also (free download) at: http://www.jlr.org/cgi/reprint/41/2/285 : J. Lipid Res. Chung and Dashti, 41 (2): 285. Lipolytic remnants of human VLDL produced in vitro: effect of HDL levels in the lipolysis mixtures on the apoCs to apoE ratio and metabolic properties of VLDL core remnants
or another paper at: http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=292037&blobtype=pdf
also see: http://em-outreach.ucsd.edu/web-course/Sec-III.F/Sec-III.F.html, section c. Contrast enhancement....
NB/PS: Performing an original search, } "negative staining" "of HDL" { in PubMed Central will retrieve 55 citations.
Zitat von alvarobq-at-fcien.edu.uy:
} } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted } by (alvarobq-at-fcien.edu.uy) from } http://www.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on } Friday, September 15, 2006 at 08:40:57 } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Email: alvarobq-at-fcien.edu.uy } Name: Alvaro D. Olivera } } Organization: Science University } } Education: Undergraduate College } } Location: Montevideo - Uruguay } } Question: } } I'm TEM technician and advanced undergraduate in Biochemistry. } I'm trying negative staining whith a small lipo protein HDL like. I'm } using CARBON-FORMVAR COATED Cu GRIDS and PTA 2% and 3%. I can't see it. } What do you suggest? } } Many thanks, Alvaro. } } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } ==============================Original Headers============================== } 9, 12 -- From zaluzec-at-ultra5.microscopy.com Fri Sep 15 08:47:52 2006 } 9, 12 -- Received: from [206.69.208.22] (mac22.zaluzec.com [206.69.208.22]) } 9, 12 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id } k8FDlpKs009958 } 9, 12 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Fri, 15 Sep 2006 08:47:51 -0500 } 9, 12 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 } 9, 12 -- X-Sender: zaluzec-at-ultra5.microscopy.com (Unverified) } 9, 12 -- Message-Id: {p06110406c1305f547915-at-[206.69.208.22]} } 9, 12 -- Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2006 08:47:50 -0500 } 9, 12 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } 9, 12 -- From: alvarobq-at-fcien.edu.uy (by way of Ask-A-Microscopist) } 9, 12 -- Subject: AskAMicroscopist: negative staining whith a small lipo } protein } 9, 12 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" } ==============================End of - Headers============================== }
==============================Original Headers============================== 24, 37 -- From W.Muss-at-salk.at Sun Sep 17 08:22:57 2006 24, 37 -- Received: from hermes.salk.at (hermes.lks.at [193.170.167.9] (may be forged)) 24, 37 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8HDMuF0000736 24, 37 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Sun, 17 Sep 2006 08:22:57 -0500 24, 37 -- Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) 24, 37 -- by hermes.salk.at (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3630BC3875; 24, 37 -- Sun, 17 Sep 2006 15:22:55 +0200 (CEST) 24, 37 -- X-Virii-Scanned: Kaspersky Antivirus at salk.at 24, 37 -- Received: from hermes.salk.at ([127.0.0.1]) 24, 37 -- by localhost (n1ex218.lks.local [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) 24, 37 -- with ESMTP id 9x3X7vfafMoc; Sun, 17 Sep 2006 15:22:54 +0200 (CEST) 24, 37 -- Received: from hermes.lks.at (hermes.salk.at [192.168.13.210]) 24, 37 -- by hermes.salk.at (Postfix) with ESMTP id AAF05C3874; 24, 37 -- Sun, 17 Sep 2006 15:22:54 +0200 (CEST) 24, 37 -- Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) 24, 37 -- by hermes.lks.at (Postfix) with ESMTP id 74D905A900A; 24, 37 -- Sun, 17 Sep 2006 15:22:54 +0200 (CEST) 24, 37 -- Received: from hermes.lks.at ([127.0.0.1]) 24, 37 -- by localhost (hermes.lks.local [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) 24, 37 -- with ESMTP id 06221-01; Sun, 17 Sep 2006 15:22:54 +0200 (CEST) 24, 37 -- Received: from salk.at (webmail.salk.at [192.168.13.209]) 24, 37 -- by hermes.lks.at (Postfix) with ESMTP id 03DDF5A901F; 24, 37 -- Sun, 17 Sep 2006 15:22:53 +0200 (CEST) 24, 37 -- Received: from m109p013.adsl.highway.telekom.at (m109p013.adsl.highway.telekom.at [62.47.181.141]) 24, 37 -- by webmail.salk.at (IMP) with HTTP 24, 37 -- for {pawma-at-192.168.13.210} ; Sun, 17 Sep 2006 15:22:53 +0200 24, 37 -- Message-ID: {1158499373.450d4c2de4be4-at-webmail.salk.at} 24, 37 -- Date: Sun, 17 Sep 2006 15:22:53 +0200 24, 37 -- From: Wolfgang Muss {W.Muss-at-salk.at} 24, 37 -- To: alvarobq-at-fcien.edu.uy, microscopy-at-microscopy.com 24, 37 -- Subject: [Microscopy]Re:AskAMicroscopist: negative staining whith a small lipo protein 24, 37 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 24, 37 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 24, 37 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 24, 37 -- User-Agent: Internet Messaging Program (IMP) 3.2.8 24, 37 -- X-Virii-Scanned: by Sophos/ClamAV at salk.at 24, 37 -- X-Scanned-By: SALK-Content-Filter ==============================End of - Headers==============================
I am choosing between two Zeiss 5x objectives [Plan-Apochromat (420630-9900); EC Plan-Neofluar (420330-9901)] to be used for both diagnostic pathology and research. Most of the specimens I will be examining are H&E or horse radish peroxidase (diaminobenzidine) stained. The numerical aperatures (0.16) and fields of view (25 mm) are identical for both objectives. Zeiss claims better color correction and flatness of field for the Plan-Apochromat versus the EC Plan-Neofluar.
The Plan-Apochromat has a flatter % transmission/ wavelength curve than the EC Plan-Neofluart and extends into the IR range (80% transmission -at- 1100 nm). The transmission of the EC Plan-Neofluar extends a bit further into the near UV (about 325 nM) than that of the Plan-Apochromat. For some reason, DIC is not listed as a potential application of the Plan-Apochromat, but not the EC Plan-Neofluar.
I'm sure that both are great objectives, but which one would be the better choice for my applications? Also, does anyone have experience using the Zeiss Plan-Apochromat 40X/0.95 Corr (42066-9970) objective?
Thanks in advance for your responses,
Bill Howell, M.D., Ph.D.
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Email: twigg-at-estd.nrl.navy.mil Name: Mark Twigg
Organization: Naval Research Laboratory
Title-Subject: [Filtered] Ghosted Image Window in Digital Micrograph
Question: The Dell Dimension 8400 (running Windows XP) on which I am running Digital Micrograph recently crashed. After the crash the Image widow in Digital Micrograph has been ghosted, so that I cannot insert my Ultrascan CCD camera or attempt to record an image. I have rebooted the PC a number of times, but to no avail. Perhaps the PC-savy people among you have some suggestions for me here. I have mostly used Macs and am therefore not familiar with PC ailments. Also, would it help to restart or reset the First Light Digital Camera controller?
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (sheila.blouin-at-umb.edu) from http://www.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Sunday, September 17, 2006 at 21:25:08 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: sheila.blouin-at-umb.edu Name: Sheila
Organization: University of Massachusetts, Boston
Education: Undergraduate College
Location: Boston, MA, USA
Question: What does a microscopist do all day? What kind of education do you have to have?
Dear all, is there anybody out there who has experience with removing a small drop of diffusion pump (non silicone) oil from an EDS light element detector window? Window is made of 4um Be... (SLEW window from Roentec). I tried to remove the oil from the colliminator surface with multiple washing in 100% alcohol and it seems that I succeeded but I don`t know if I should use this "protocoll" on the more delicate Be-window...
We have a LEO 912 Omega TEM and would like to obtain a second-hand double tilt holder (in any condition) for electron diffraction analysis of crystalline specimens. Please contact me should you be able to help.
Thanks in advance.
Mohamed
************************************ Mohamed Jaffer Electron Microscope Unit University of Cape Town Private Bag Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
Tel: +27 21 6503354 Fax: + 27 21 6891528
Email: mjaffer-at-science.uct.ac.za
************************************
==============================Original Headers============================== 13, 20 -- From mjaffer-at-science.uct.ac.za Mon Sep 18 07:58:37 2006 13, 20 -- Received: from mail.uct.ac.za (mail.uct.ac.za [137.158.128.3]) 13, 20 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8ICwaN3009190 13, 20 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 07:58:36 -0500 13, 20 -- Received: from [137.158.37.13] (helo=science.uct.ac.za) 13, 20 -- by mail.uct.ac.za with esmtp (Exim 4.44 (FreeBSD)) 13, 20 -- id 1GPIhk-0000ck-VF 13, 20 -- for Microscopy-at-microscopy.com; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 14:58:33 +0200 13, 20 -- Message-ID: {450E97F9.F8C01F31-at-science.uct.ac.za} 13, 20 -- Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2006 14:58:33 +0200 13, 20 -- From: Mohamed A Jaffer {mjaffer-at-science.uct.ac.za} 13, 20 -- Reply-To: mjaffer-at-science.uct.ac.za 13, 20 -- Organization: University of Cape Town 13, 20 -- X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.75 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) 13, 20 -- X-Accept-Language: en 13, 20 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 13, 20 -- To: Microscopy-at-microscopy.com 13, 20 -- Subject: double tilt holder 13, 20 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii 13, 20 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Microscopist are such a diverse group I suspect it is not possible to give a clear cut answer.
Most of us spend time with a computer/notebook recording our results. Many of us write reports documenting our results and in many cases interpreting how the results dove-tail to provide a consistent, self-logical portrait of our work.
For me, currently, it means isolating materials, sometimes particles, sometime making big things into smaller "microscope-sized " specimens. I typically use Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) as well as SEM and TEM examination. Other problems require the polarized light microscope (both for determination of morphology as well as optical crystallography) and microchemical test. These test run from the simple (cold dilute mineral acid makes limestone bubble) to the more complex (test for sulfate with barium chloride and sodium rhodizonate). In a former position it also meant microtoming polymers, testing fillers for asbestos and alpha quartz as well as running the IR microscope and interpreting IR spectra and entry use of the GC/MS (I set-up runs with caned programs and matched results to libraries).
Education? First get a degree in a physical science. While your doing this take courses and avail yourself of options to learn more about microscopy related skills.
In geology you could learn about optical mineralogy, optical crystallography, SEM/EDS and WDS. Biology: pollen, diatoms, "pond water microscopy", TEM, hair, feathers and other "biologicals" in the environment Material sciences: SEM, TEM, AFM, EDS Chemistry: chemistry, reactions, semiquantative test Forensic science: all that "CSI" stuff, but without the glamor
We learn to think logical and self consistently. We use the scientific method to gather and then challenge our data and results.
The list continues. Many of us are self-taught. That is, we study a book or test procedure and worked at it until we understand it. Most of us still take courses, many of us have either a scope at home, or a personal project at work that we're fooling around with. We spend some of our free time reading the journals and literature, both current and older classical works. We develop some amount of computer skill, if not with the ubiquitous computer that seems to run all our modern electron scopes, word, powerpoint and excel as well as imaging software. We learn to compose photomicrographs as to rival art works (I'm still working on this!!).
Can you program? Do you like sales? Most of the great optical salesmen and women I know are excellent light microscopist. How do you feel about field-work?
Life maybe a highway, but microscopy can be a road atlas. Where do you want to go?
stay safe.........Frank
Frank Karl Degussa Corporation Akron Technical Center 3500 Embassy Parkway Suite 100 Akron, Ohio 44333
330-668-2235 Ext. 238
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sheila.blouin-at-umb .edu To: frank.karl-at-degussa.com cc: 09/18/2006 08:29 Subject: [Microscopy] AskAMicroscopist: What does a microscopist do all day? AM Please respond to sheila.blouin
The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (sheila.blouin-at-umb.edu) from http://www.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Sunday, September 17, 2006 at 21:25:08 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: sheila.blouin-at-umb.edu Name: Sheila
Organization: University of Massachusetts, Boston
Education: Undergraduate College
Location: Boston, MA, USA
Question: What does a microscopist do all day? What kind of education do you have to have?
I am trying to understand what is happening with a set of BSE images. Your comments will be welcome!
Below are links to two images. The first (1.5 Mb) shows two BSE images of a nickel based super alloy (Ni-Cr-Fe-Ti). Both were acquired using a 4-diode detector, 5 kV. beam, and as close to zero degrees tilt as I could set the stage. The top of the first image is in the "as polished" condition, the lower portion of the image is after a very light electro-etch. Notice the difference in channeling contrast. Z-contrast seems largely unaffected (e.g. Ti and Cr carbide inclusions). Perhaps the difference is from my inability to set EXACTLY the same tilt, but they should be within a few degrees (or better) of the same value.
Why the dramatic reversal of contrast for some grains????
The second image is simply a 60 degree tilt SE image of the same general area to show relief of the carbides due to both polishing and the etch. ...Not much.
I would be willing to bet that an oxide film may have formed during etching and the thickness of the film varies with grain orientation. I would try collecting the BSE images at a higher voltage (20 KV) to minimize the effect of the film.
On 9/18/06 9:49 AM, "NWWhite-at-bwxt.com" {NWWhite-at-bwxt.com} wrote:
} } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Hello All, } } I am trying to understand what is happening with a set of BSE images. } Your comments will be welcome! } } Below are links to two images. The first (1.5 Mb) shows two BSE images } of a nickel based super alloy (Ni-Cr-Fe-Ti). Both were acquired using a } 4-diode detector, 5 kV. beam, and as close to zero degrees tilt as I } could set the stage. The top of the first image is in the "as polished" } condition, the lower portion of the image is after a very light } electro-etch. Notice the difference in channeling contrast. Z-contrast } seems largely unaffected (e.g. Ti and Cr carbide inclusions). Perhaps } the difference is from my inability to set EXACTLY the same tilt, but } they should be within a few degrees (or better) of the same value. } } Why the dramatic reversal of contrast for some grains???? } } The second image is simply a 60 degree tilt SE image of the same general } area to show relief of the carbides due to both polishing and the etch. } ...Not much. } } } http://www.bwxt.com/operations/images/sem/126867_859.jpg } } } http://www.bwxt.com/operations/images/sem/126866.jpg } } } Thanks, } Woody White } BWXT Services } Lynchburg, VA } } } } } ==============================Original Headers============================== } 14, 26 -- From nwwhite-at-bwxt.com Mon Sep 18 08:48:46 2006 } 14, 26 -- Received: from bwxt.com (lynsmtp1.bwxt.com [131.184.146.8]) } 14, 26 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id } k8IDmkt4030869 } 14, 26 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 08:48:46 } -0500 } 14, 26 -- Received: from ([131.184.13.224]) } 14, 26 -- by lynsmtp1.bwxt.com with ESMTP id 5202488.2215552; } 14, 26 -- Mon, 18 Sep 2006 09:48:37 -0400 } 14, 26 -- Received: from BWXSPO01.BWXS.BWXTECH.NET ([131.184.13.31]) by } bwxslynbh01.BWXS.BWXTECH.NET with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.1830); } 14, 26 -- Mon, 18 Sep 2006 09:48:37 -0400 } 14, 26 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.5 } 14, 26 -- Content-class: urn:content-classes:message } 14, 26 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 } 14, 26 -- Content-Type: text/plain; } 14, 26 -- charset="US-ASCII" } 14, 26 -- Subject: BSE image response question } 14, 26 -- Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2006 09:48:37 -0400 } 14, 26 -- Message-ID: } {360DDAABED436B49BA397357CCEE8BB703D063-at-BWXSPO01.BWXS.BWXTECH.NET} } 14, 26 -- X-MS-Has-Attach: } 14, 26 -- X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: } 14, 26 -- Thread-Topic: BSE image response question } 14, 26 -- Thread-Index: AcbbKSRJZ3PRklUEQNiswlKEqWhmhg== } 14, 26 -- From: "White, Woody N." {NWWhite-at-bwxt.com} } 14, 26 -- To: "MicroscopyListServer" {Microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} } 14, 26 -- X-OriginalArrivalTime: 18 Sep 2006 13:48:37.0909 (UTC) } FILETIME=[247F1C50:01C6DB29] } 14, 26 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit } 14, 26 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by } ns.microscopy.com id k8IDmkt4030869 } ==============================End of - Headers==============================
==============================Original Headers============================== 8, 23 -- From david.r.hull-at-nasa.gov Mon Sep 18 09:18:08 2006 8, 23 -- Received: from NDJSVWS01.ndc.nasa.gov (ndjsvws01.ndc.nasa.gov [198.120.25.81]) 8, 23 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8IEI7XC009286 8, 23 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 09:18:07 -0500 8, 23 -- Received: from ndjsxgw01.ndc.nasa.gov ([129.166.32.111]) by NDJSVWS01.ndc.nasa.gov with InterScan Messaging Security Suite; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 09:18:05 -0500 8, 23 -- Received: from NDJSEVS16.ndc.nasa.gov ([129.166.32.127]) by ndjsxgw01.ndc.nasa.gov with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.1830); 8, 23 -- Mon, 18 Sep 2006 09:17:54 -0500 8, 23 -- Received: from 129.166.32.15 ([129.166.32.15]) by NDJSEVS16.ndc.nasa.gov ([129.166.32.136]) via Exchange Front-End Server mail01.ndc.nasa.gov ([129.166.32.105]) with Microsoft Exchange Server HTTP-DAV ; 8, 23 -- Mon, 18 Sep 2006 14:17:54 +0000 8, 23 -- User-Agent: Microsoft-Entourage/11.2.5.060620 8, 23 -- Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2006 10:38:34 -0400 8, 23 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] BSE image response question 8, 23 -- From: "Hull, David R" {David.R.Hull-at-nasa.gov} 8, 23 -- To: {NWWhite-at-bwxt.com} , {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 8, 23 -- Message-ID: {C13427AA.9B8%David.R.Hull-at-nasa.gov} 8, 23 -- Thread-Topic: [Microscopy] BSE image response question 8, 23 -- Thread-Index: AcbbMB5OXNw9YEcjEduzOwAKldSx3A== 8, 23 -- In-Reply-To: {200609181349.k8IDnl0f032128-at-ns.microscopy.com} 8, 23 -- Mime-version: 1.0 8, 23 -- Content-type: text/plain; 8, 23 -- charset="US-ASCII" 8, 23 -- Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit 8, 23 -- X-OriginalArrivalTime: 18 Sep 2006 14:17:54.0654 (UTC) FILETIME=[3B991FE0:01C6DB2D] ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Orientation is the same. No raster rotate used. In general, I tired to use identical operating parameters.
Woody
-----Original Message----- X-from: Carl Henderson [mailto:chender-at-umich.edu] Sent: Monday, September 18, 2006 10:04 AM To: White, Woody N.
Mostly we spent our time figuring out how to appease administrators who make us spend gross amounts of time justifying our budget at the expense of actually doing microscopy.
____________________________________________________________________________ Michael Cammer Analytical Imaging Facility Albert Einstein Coll. of Med. URL: http://www.aecom.yu.edu/aif/
==============================Original Headers============================== 3, 29 -- From cammer-at-aecom.yu.edu Mon Sep 18 10:14:33 2006 3, 29 -- Received: from mailgw.aecom.yu.edu (mailgw.aecom.yu.edu [129.98.1.16]) 3, 29 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8IFEX0g030720 3, 29 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 10:14:33 -0500 3, 29 -- Received: from draco.aecom.yu.edu (draco.aecom.yu.edu [129.98.1.160]) 3, 29 -- by mailgw.aecom.yu.edu (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.11) with ESMTP id k8IFEXED008749 3, 29 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 11:14:33 -0400 3, 29 -- Received: from draco.aecom.yu.edu (unknown [127.0.0.1]) 3, 29 -- by draco.aecom.yu.edu (Symantec Mail Security) with ESMTP id B2213329A00 3, 29 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 11:12:16 -0400 (EDT) 3, 29 -- X-AuditID: 816201a0-a9252bb00000551c-df-450eb750a62b 3, 29 -- Received: from post.aecom.yu.edu (post.aecom.yu.edu [129.98.1.100]) 3, 29 -- by draco.aecom.yu.edu (Symantec Mail Security) with ESMTP id 812D62E5724 3, 29 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 11:12:16 -0400 (EDT) 3, 29 -- Received: from AIF3.aecom.yu.edu (aif3.aif.aecom.yu.edu [129.98.80.70]) 3, 29 -- by post.aecom.yu.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id A173E25 3, 29 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 11:14:32 -0400 (EDT) 3, 29 -- Message-Id: {5.2.1.1.2.20060918111319.03083220-at-mailserver.aecom.yu.edu} 3, 29 -- X-Sender: cammer-at-mailserver.aecom.yu.edu 3, 29 -- X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.2.1 3, 29 -- Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2006 11:14:32 -0400 3, 29 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 3, 29 -- From: Michael Cammer {cammer-at-aecom.yu.edu} 3, 29 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] Re: AskAMicroscopist: What does a 3, 29 -- microscopist do all day? 3, 29 -- In-Reply-To: {200609181323.k8IDNKea022495-at-ns.microscopy.com} 3, 29 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 3, 29 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed 3, 29 -- X-Brightmail-Tracker: AAAAAA== ==============================End of - Headers==============================
The opinion of the writer does not necessarily reflect the opinion of Intel Corporation.
-----Original Message----- X-from: twigg-at-estd.nrl.navy.mil [mailto:twigg-at-estd.nrl.navy.mil] Sent: Monday, September 18, 2006 5:27 AM To: Mardinly, John
This Question/Comment was submitted to the Microscopy Listserver using the WWW based Form at http://www.msa.microscopy.org/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html ------------------------------------------------------------------------ --- Remember this posting is most likely not from a Subscriber, so when replying please copy both twigg-at-estd.nrl.navy.mil as well as the MIcroscopy Listserver ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---
Email: twigg-at-estd.nrl.navy.mil Name: Mark Twigg
Organization: Naval Research Laboratory
Title-Subject: [Filtered] Ghosted Image Window in Digital Micrograph
Question: The Dell Dimension 8400 (running Windows XP) on which I am running Digital Micrograph recently crashed. After the crash the Image widow in Digital Micrograph has been ghosted, so that I cannot insert my Ultrascan CCD camera or attempt to record an image. I have rebooted the PC a number of times, but to no avail. Perhaps the PC-savy people among you have some suggestions for me here. I have mostly used Macs and am therefore not familiar with PC ailments. Also, would it help to restart or reset the First Light Digital Camera controller?
To wash ultrathin windows (much more fragile than Be) I use Vertel XF from Du Pont. It will not dissolve adhesive. Using pipette put several drops of Vertel on the metal rim of window, so it will flow across window's surface; do not submerge or spray it, windows like gentle handling.
Vladimir
Vladimir M. Dusevich, Ph.D. Electron Microscope Lab Manager 371 School of Dentistry 650 E. 25th Street Kansas City, MO 64108-2784
It is a great question and it is tempting to be funny in the answer, but I will resist.
I agree that it would be difficult to give a general picture since microscopists come from so many different fields of study.
However I would like to say this about myself - What I do every day (amongst other things) is marvel at how incredible nature is when magnified to reveal otherwise hidden detail. I have been involved in electron microscopy since 1958 and I still feel a thrill of excitement every time I pop a specimen in the scope and turn on the beam.
Makes the many frustrations worthwhile.
Ted Dunn The EMscope Company Thailand
--- sheila.blouin-at-umb.edu wrote:
} } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The } Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help } http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Below is the result of your feedback form } (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by } (sheila.blouin-at-umb.edu) from } http://www.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html } on Sunday, September 17, 2006 at 21:25:08 } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Email: sheila.blouin-at-umb.edu } Name: Sheila } } Organization: University of Massachusetts, Boston } } Education: Undergraduate College } } Location: Boston, MA, USA } } Question: What does a microscopist do all day? What } kind of education do you have to have? } } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } ==============================Original } Headers============================== } 7, 12 -- From zaluzec-at-ultra5.microscopy.com Mon Sep } 18 07:27:51 2006 } 7, 12 -- Received: from [206.69.208.22] } (mac22.zaluzec.com [206.69.208.22]) } 7, 12 -- by ns.microscopy.com } (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id } k8ICRo1f010629 } 7, 12 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 18 } Sep 2006 07:27:50 -0500 } 7, 12 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 } 7, 12 -- X-Sender: zaluzec-at-ultra5.microscopy.com } (Unverified) } 7, 12 -- Message-Id: } {p06110401c134412a522c-at-[206.69.208.22]} } 7, 12 -- Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2006 07:27:49 -0500 } 7, 12 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } 7, 12 -- From: sheila.blouin-at-umb.edu (by way of } Ask-A-Microscopist) } 7, 12 -- Subject: AskAMicroscopist: What does a } microscopist do all day? } 7, 12 -- Content-Type: text/plain; } charset="us-ascii" } ==============================End of - } Headers============================== }
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==============================Original Headers============================== 9, 20 -- From drteddunne-at-yahoo.com Mon Sep 18 13:38:02 2006 9, 20 -- Received: from web33409.mail.mud.yahoo.com (web33409.mail.mud.yahoo.com [68.142.206.141]) 9, 20 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with SMTP id k8IIc1ld001193 9, 20 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 13:38:01 -0500 9, 20 -- Received: (qmail 38107 invoked by uid 60001); 18 Sep 2006 18:38:01 -0000 9, 20 -- DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; q=dns; c=nofws; 9, 20 -- s=s1024; d=yahoo.com; 9, 20 -- h=Message-ID:Received:Date:From:Subject:To:Cc:In-Reply-To:MIME-Version:Content-Type:Content-Transfer-Encoding; 9, 20 -- b=CfsMMRWxqS6NEPjXQcB6mycN+ijivvtaYM2cJSBGAcUujHFzVkYZO6wu+brhzjB2exDiGEcICzZFT86QzH9PFrSS/VkkMVmLjggbCEztwz1+O5kAtL/QUYNJLhNhKrYfq3oClrSk78/pNEuaubu56p6Jbj9krVGPQAZN0RA88O0= ; 9, 20 -- Message-ID: {20060918183801.38105.qmail-at-web33409.mail.mud.yahoo.com} 9, 20 -- Received: from [203.190.250.104] by web33409.mail.mud.yahoo.com via HTTP; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 11:38:01 PDT 9, 20 -- Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2006 11:38:01 -0700 (PDT) 9, 20 -- From: ted dunn {drteddunne-at-yahoo.com} 9, 20 -- Subject: AskAMicroscopist: What does a microscopist do all day? 9, 20 -- To: sheila.blouin-at-umb.edu 9, 20 -- Cc: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 9, 20 -- In-Reply-To: {200609181234.k8ICY1Go026479-at-ns.microscopy.com} 9, 20 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 9, 20 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 9, 20 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit ==============================End of - Headers==============================
I would echo the other comment and wonder if an oxide has formed or if you have otherwise differentially affected the sample. Do you have an x-ray map for the area? Are the areas of the same composition so that contrast is only due to orientation? Are the samples taken with the same amplifier settings (i.e., contrast and brightness)?
Warren
-----Original Message----- X-from: NWWhite-at-bwxt.com [mailto:NWWhite-at-bwxt.com] Sent: Monday, September 18, 2006 8:50 AM To: wesaia-at-iastate.edu
Hello All,
I am trying to understand what is happening with a set of BSE images. Your comments will be welcome!
Below are links to two images. The first (1.5 Mb) shows two BSE images of a nickel based super alloy (Ni-Cr-Fe-Ti). Both were acquired using a 4-diode detector, 5 kV. beam, and as close to zero degrees tilt as I could set the stage. The top of the first image is in the "as polished" condition, the lower portion of the image is after a very light electro-etch. Notice the difference in channeling contrast. Z-contrast seems largely unaffected (e.g. Ti and Cr carbide inclusions). Perhaps the difference is from my inability to set EXACTLY the same tilt, but they should be within a few degrees (or better) of the same value.
Why the dramatic reversal of contrast for some grains????
The second image is simply a 60 degree tilt SE image of the same general area to show relief of the carbides due to both polishing and the etch. ...Not much.
This Question/Comment was submitted to the Microscopy Listserver using the WWW based Form at http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remember this posting is most likely not from a Subscriber, so when replying please copy both expectedend-at-yahoo.com as well as the MIcroscopy Listserver ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: expectedend-at-yahoo.com Name: Jireh
Organization: SBMC
Title-Subject: [Filtered] EM from a paraffin slide
Question: We are doing clinical EM. Does anybody have a protocol for specimen prepraration for TEM from a paraffin slide?
What a great puzzler. Have you tried tilting on purpose? Perhaps going through a tilt series would be informative. One degree increments, or even half a degree could show significant changes in grey level of some grains. Just a thought.
--John
John Chandler jpchandl-at-mines.edu
-------------- Original message ---------------------- X-from: NWWhite-at-bwxt.com } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Hello All, } } I am trying to understand what is happening with a set of BSE images. } Your comments will be welcome! } } Below are links to two images. The first (1.5 Mb) shows two BSE images } of a nickel based super alloy (Ni-Cr-Fe-Ti). Both were acquired using a } 4-diode detector, 5 kV. beam, and as close to zero degrees tilt as I } could set the stage. The top of the first image is in the "as polished" } condition, the lower portion of the image is after a very light } electro-etch. Notice the difference in channeling contrast. Z-contrast } seems largely unaffected (e.g. Ti and Cr carbide inclusions). Perhaps } the difference is from my inability to set EXACTLY the same tilt, but } they should be within a few degrees (or better) of the same value. } } Why the dramatic reversal of contrast for some grains???? } } The second image is simply a 60 degree tilt SE image of the same general } area to show relief of the carbides due to both polishing and the etch. } ...Not much. } } } http://www.bwxt.com/operations/images/sem/126867_859.jpg } } } http://www.bwxt.com/operations/images/sem/126866.jpg } } } Thanks, } Woody White } BWXT Services } Lynchburg, VA
==============================Original Headers============================== 7, 17 -- From johnpchandler-at-comcast.net Mon Sep 18 18:33:48 2006 7, 17 -- Received: from rwcrmhc15.comcast.net (rwcrmhc15.comcast.net [204.127.192.85]) 7, 17 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8INXmt8005680 7, 17 -- for {Microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 18:33:48 -0500 7, 17 -- Received: from rmailcenter98.comcast.net ([204.127.197.198]) 7, 17 -- by comcast.net (rwcrmhc15) with SMTP 7, 17 -- id {20060918233347m1500nq2u2e} ; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 23:33:47 +0000 7, 17 -- Received: from [138.67.28.173] by rmailcenter98.comcast.net; 7, 17 -- Mon, 18 Sep 2006 23:33:47 +0000 7, 17 -- From: johnpchandler-at-comcast.net 7, 17 -- To: NWWhite-at-bwxt.com 7, 17 -- Cc: Microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com 7, 17 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] BSE image response question 7, 17 -- Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2006 23:33:47 +0000 7, 17 -- Message-Id: {091820062333.12390.450F2CDB0000D1C80000306622135753339D0A040B020E080C9F02080106-at-comcast.net} 7, 17 -- X-Mailer: AT&T Message Center Version 1 (Apr 11 2006) 7, 17 -- X-Authenticated-Sender: am9obnBjaGFuZGxlckBjb21jYXN0Lm5ldA== ==============================End of - Headers==============================
X-from: germaine_g_boucher-at-groton.pfizer.com (by way of MicroscopyListserver)
Woody
It looks as the cristallographic contrast would dominate on chemical contrast. As John proposed, try with tilting. Channeling is very sensitif to smale angle tilting, half a degree to a few degree. If the contrast changes with so smale angles, it's channelling. Than try with higer energy.
An other question : I've never worked with a 4 sector BSE detector, but people from FEI talked me from artifacts arasing on these. Can you work in two sector mode, combining the four sectors in two pairs ? Try with different pairs. Maybe it helps to understand what happens.
J. Faerber IPCMS-GSI (Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Groupe Surface et Interfaces) 23, rue de Loess ; BP43 67034 Strasbourg CEDEX 2 France
johnpchandler-at-comcast.net a écrit : } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Woody, } } What a great puzzler. Have you tried tilting on purpose? Perhaps going through a tilt series would be informative. One degree increments, or even half a degree could show significant changes in grey level of some grains. Just a thought. } } --John } } John Chandler } jpchandl-at-mines.edu } } } } -------------- Original message ---------------------- } X-from: NWWhite-at-bwxt.com } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } } Hello All, } } } } I am trying to understand what is happening with a set of BSE images. } } Your comments will be welcome! } } } } Below are links to two images. The first (1.5 Mb) shows two BSE images } } of a nickel based super alloy (Ni-Cr-Fe-Ti). Both were acquired using a } } 4-diode detector, 5 kV. beam, and as close to zero degrees tilt as I } } could set the stage. The top of the first image is in the "as polished" } } condition, the lower portion of the image is after a very light } } electro-etch. Notice the difference in channeling contrast. Z-contrast } } seems largely unaffected (e.g. Ti and Cr carbide inclusions). Perhaps } } the difference is from my inability to set EXACTLY the same tilt, but } } they should be within a few degrees (or better) of the same value. } } } } Why the dramatic reversal of contrast for some grains???? } } } } The second image is simply a 60 degree tilt SE image of the same general } } area to show relief of the carbides due to both polishing and the etch. } } ...Not much. } } } } } } http://www.bwxt.com/operations/images/sem/126867_859.jpg } } } } } } http://www.bwxt.com/operations/images/sem/126866.jpg } } } } } } Thanks, } } Woody White } } BWXT Services } } Lynchburg, VA } } } } ==============================Original Headers============================== } 7, 17 -- From johnpchandler-at-comcast.net Mon Sep 18 18:33:48 2006 } 7, 17 -- Received: from rwcrmhc15.comcast.net (rwcrmhc15.comcast.net [204.127.192.85]) } 7, 17 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8INXmt8005680 } 7, 17 -- for {Microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 18:33:48 -0500 } 7, 17 -- Received: from rmailcenter98.comcast.net ([204.127.197.198]) } 7, 17 -- by comcast.net (rwcrmhc15) with SMTP } 7, 17 -- id {20060918233347m1500nq2u2e} ; Mon, 18 Sep 2006 23:33:47 +0000 } 7, 17 -- Received: from [138.67.28.173] by rmailcenter98.comcast.net; } 7, 17 -- Mon, 18 Sep 2006 23:33:47 +0000 } 7, 17 -- From: johnpchandler-at-comcast.net } 7, 17 -- To: NWWhite-at-bwxt.com } 7, 17 -- Cc: Microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com } 7, 17 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] BSE image response question } 7, 17 -- Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2006 23:33:47 +0000 } 7, 17 -- Message-Id: {091820062333.12390.450F2CDB0000D1C80000306622135753339D0A040B020E080C9F02080106-at-comcast.net} } 7, 17 -- X-Mailer: AT&T Message Center Version 1 (Apr 11 2006) } 7, 17 -- X-Authenticated-Sender: am9obnBjaGFuZGxlckBjb21jYXN0Lm5ldA== } ==============================End of - Headers============================== }
==============================Original Headers============================== 10, 29 -- From jacques.faerber-at-ipcms.u-strasbg.fr Tue Sep 19 03:03:30 2006 10, 29 -- Received: from mailhost.u-strasbg.fr (mailhost.u-strasbg.fr [130.79.200.155]) 10, 29 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8J83TpR003570 10, 29 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 03:03:29 -0500 10, 29 -- Received: from ipcms.u-strasbg.fr (ipcms.u-strasbg.fr [130.79.210.2]) 10, 29 -- by mailhost.u-strasbg.fr (8.13.6/jtpda-5.5pre1) with ESMTP id k8J83SHe035808 10, 29 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 10:03:28 +0200 (CEST) 10, 29 -- Received: from [130.79.54.3] (odhinn.u-strasbg.fr [130.79.54.3]) 10, 29 -- by ipcms.u-strasbg.fr (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4E3351000121 10, 29 -- for {Microscopy-at-Microscopy.Com} ; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 10:03:08 +0200 (CEST) 10, 29 -- Message-ID: {450FA442.8090606-at-ipcms.u-strasbg.fr} 10, 29 -- Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2006 10:03:14 +0200 10, 29 -- From: "j.faerber" {jacques.faerber-at-ipcms.u-strasbg.fr} 10, 29 -- User-Agent: Thunderbird 1.5.0.5 (X11/20060728) 10, 29 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 10, 29 -- To: Microscopy-at-microscopy.com 10, 29 -- Subject: Re: BSE image response question 10, 29 -- References: {200609182339.k8INd2dM015810-at-ns.microscopy.com} 10, 29 -- In-Reply-To: {200609182339.k8INd2dM015810-at-ns.microscopy.com} 10, 29 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed 10, 29 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 10, 29 -- X-IPCMS-MailScanner: Found to be clean 10, 29 -- X-IPCMS-MailScanner-From: jacques.faerber-at-ipcms.u-strasbg.fr 10, 29 -- X-Greylist: Sender IP whitelisted, not delayed by milter-greylist-2.0.2 (mailhost.u-strasbg.fr [130.79.200.155]); Tue, 19 Sep 2006 10:03:28 +0200 (CEST) 10, 29 -- X-Virus-Scanned: ClamAV 0.88.4/1895/Tue Sep 19 04:49:45 2006 on mr5.u-strasbg.fr 10, 29 -- X-Virus-Status: Clean 10, 29 -- X-Spam-Status: No, score=0.2 required=5.0 tests=AWL,URI_NOVOWEL 10, 29 -- autolearn=disabled version=3.1.4 10, 29 -- X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.1.4 (2006-07-25) on mr5.u-strasbg.fr ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Can you repeat these 2 images? If so, I'd suggest duplicating this, while being particularly careful of the conditions. That is, I have seen a BSED flip its BEI contrast for different beam currents. Which is still a question in my mind why it happened, but it did happen with a Cameca multichannel (5-pair) BSED, and I watched the BEI response flip in going from 15 to ~20nA. I thought at the time it must have been a fluke with the BEI video amplifier.
On another note, can you can play with the effect of tilt by rotating the stage?
cheerios :o) michael shaffer
SEM/MLA Research Coordinator {http://www.mun.ca/creait/maf/} Inco Innovation Centre Memorial University St. John's, Newfoundland
} I am trying to understand what is happening with a set of BSE images. } Your comments will be welcome! } } Below are links to two images. The first (1.5 Mb) shows two } BSE images of a nickel based super alloy (Ni-Cr-Fe-Ti). Both } were acquired using a 4-diode detector, 5 kV. beam, and as } close to zero degrees tilt as I could set the stage. The top } of the first image is in the "as polished" } condition, the lower portion of the image is after a very } light electro-etch. Notice the difference in channeling } contrast. Z-contrast seems largely unaffected (e.g. Ti and } Cr carbide inclusions). Perhaps the difference is from my } inability to set EXACTLY the same tilt, but they should be } within a few degrees (or better) of the same value. } } Why the dramatic reversal of contrast for some grains???? } } The second image is simply a 60 degree tilt SE image of the } same general area to show relief of the carbides due to both } polishing and the etch. } ...Not much. } } } http://www.bwxt.com/operations/images/sem/126867_859.jpg } } } http://www.bwxt.com/operations/images/sem/126866.jpg } } } Thanks, } Woody White } BWXT Services } Lynchburg, VA } } } } } ==============================Original } Headers============================== } 14, 26 -- From nwwhite-at-bwxt.com Mon Sep 18 08:48:46 2006 } 14, 26 -- Received: from bwxt.com (lynsmtp1.bwxt.com [131.184.146.8]) } 14, 26 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) } with ESMTP id k8IDmkt4030869 } 14, 26 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Mon, 18 } Sep 2006 08:48:46 -0500 } 14, 26 -- Received: from ([131.184.13.224]) } 14, 26 -- by lynsmtp1.bwxt.com with ESMTP id 5202488.2215552; } 14, 26 -- Mon, 18 Sep 2006 09:48:37 -0400 } 14, 26 -- Received: from BWXSPO01.BWXS.BWXTECH.NET } ([131.184.13.31]) by bwxslynbh01.BWXS.BWXTECH.NET with } Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.1830); } 14, 26 -- Mon, 18 Sep 2006 09:48:37 -0400 } 14, 26 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.5 } 14, 26 -- Content-class: urn:content-classes:message } 14, 26 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 } 14, 26 -- Content-Type: text/plain; } 14, 26 -- charset="US-ASCII" } 14, 26 -- Subject: BSE image response question } 14, 26 -- Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2006 09:48:37 -0400 } 14, 26 -- Message-ID: } {360DDAABED436B49BA397357CCEE8BB703D063-at-BWXSPO01.BWXS.BWXTECH.NET} } 14, 26 -- X-MS-Has-Attach: } 14, 26 -- X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: } 14, 26 -- Thread-Topic: BSE image response question } 14, 26 -- Thread-Index: AcbbKSRJZ3PRklUEQNiswlKEqWhmhg== } 14, 26 -- From: "White, Woody N." {NWWhite-at-bwxt.com} } 14, 26 -- To: "MicroscopyListServer" {Microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} } 14, 26 -- X-OriginalArrivalTime: 18 Sep 2006 13:48:37.0909 } (UTC) FILETIME=[247F1C50:01C6DB29] } 14, 26 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit } 14, 26 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit } by ns.microscopy.com id k8IDmkt4030869 } ==============================End of - } Headers============================== }
Has anyone got any opinions on the Fullam, Deben (Gatan) and Kammrath and Weiss strainign stages for the SEM, which is the best? Which is the best bang for the buck? Are there any other manufacturers? Any help welcome. Thanks.
-- John Mansfield PhD Cphys CSci MInstP North Campus Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory 417 SRB, University of Michigan 2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor MI 48109-2143 USA Phone: (734) 936-3352 FAX (734) 763-2282 Cell. Phone: (734) 834-3913 (Leaving a phone message at 936-3352 is preferable to 834-3913) Email: jfmjfm-at-engin.umich.edu URL: http://emalwww.engin.umich.edu/people/jfmjfm/jfmjfm.html Location: Lat. 42° 16' 48" Long. 83° 43' 48" AIM: thejfmjfm Yahoo: thejfmjfm Skype: thejfmjfm
Home address: 4304 Spring Lake Boulevard Ann Arbor MI 48108-9657 Phone (734) 994-3096
Please note: Electronic Mail is not secure, but should be read several times every day, and should definiely be used for urgent or sensitive issues.
==============================Original Headers============================== 8, 22 -- From jfmjfm-at-umich.edu Tue Sep 19 09:41:53 2006 8, 22 -- Received: from srvr20.engin.umich.edu (srvr20.engin.umich.edu [141.213.75.22]) 8, 22 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8JEfrmU032664 8, 22 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 09:41:53 -0500 8, 22 -- Received: from smtp.engin.umich.edu (root-at-smtp.engin.umich.edu [141.213.75.24]) 8, 22 -- by srvr20.engin.umich.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id k8JEfngV022783 8, 22 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 10:41:53 -0400 (EDT) 8, 22 -- Received: from [192.168.2.4] (c-68-40-243-101.hsd1.mi.comcast.net [68.40.243.101]) 8, 22 -- (authenticated bits=0) 8, 22 -- by smtp.engin.umich.edu (8.13.6/8.13.6) with ESMTP id k8JEfm1d010635 8, 22 -- (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=RC4-SHA bits=128 verify=NO) 8, 22 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 10:41:48 -0400 (EDT) 8, 22 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v752.2) 8, 22 -- Message-Id: {573681CC-0E43-4B17-BD0A-9D387FE49F92-at-umich.edu} 8, 22 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; delsp=yes; format=flowed 8, 22 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 8, 22 -- From: John Mansfield {jfmjfm-at-umich.edu} 8, 22 -- Subject: Straining stages for the SEM 8, 22 -- Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2006 10:41:56 -0400 8, 22 -- X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.752.2) 8, 22 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 8, 22 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k8JEfrmU032664 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
A feedback of any experience with the Hitachi TM1000 low vacuum desktop scanning electron microscope regarding resolution, performance, reliability, costs, etc. will be appreciated.
Thank you,
Krassimir N. Bozhilov Central Facility for Advanced Microscopy and Microanalysis University of California Riverside, CA 92521
tel 951 827 2998 fax 951 827 2489 bozhilov-at-ucr.edu
==============================Original Headers============================== 7, 19 -- From bozhilov-at-ucr.edu Tue Sep 19 10:01:12 2006 7, 19 -- Received: from sentry.ucr.edu (sentry.ucr.edu [138.23.226.224]) 7, 19 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8JF1Acd011010 7, 19 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 10:01:11 -0500 7, 19 -- Received: from [138.23.185.162] (igppb116g.ucr.edu [138.23.185.162]) 7, 19 -- by sentry.ucr.edu (MOS 3.5.9-GR) 7, 19 -- with ESMTP id DZU42628 (AUTH via LOGINBEFORESMTP) 7, 19 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; 7, 19 -- Tue, 19 Sep 2006 08:01:04 -0700 (PDT) 7, 19 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v752.2) 7, 19 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit 7, 19 -- Message-Id: {85F81D99-9C1B-4C52-A0F0-96C3A80051D4-at-ucr.edu} 7, 19 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed 7, 19 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 7, 19 -- From: KN Bozhilov {bozhilov-at-ucr.edu} 7, 19 -- Subject: Hitachi TM1000 7, 19 -- Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2006 08:01:04 -0700 7, 19 -- X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.752.2) 7, 19 -- X-Junkmail-Status: score=0/65, host=sentry.ucr.edu ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Krassimir: I've done a little work on this fun little SEM which bridges the gap between light microscopy and high-resolution SEM. It's very easy to use as it has a fixed working distance, fixed apertures, and a fixed kV (15kV). It's a tungsten gun with a maximum magnification of 10kX. I'm not sure what the resolution spec actually is but it seems to be adequate for at least 0.5 um. The only facilities it needs is 110-115V in a regular 3-prong (USA) wall outlet. It needs no compressed air/nitrogen or water. It connects to any computer with a USB socket and the user interface and imaging software is very easy to use. I understand from the rep that it's a big hit with elementary kids as they can image their own samples with minimal instruction. I don't have any feel for the reliability because it hasn't been on the market that long but there's not a lot to go wrong with it, other than filament changes. The price seems to be around $US 65K. If you supply your own computer it's a bit less. Of course it has no EDX detector port or any other detector ports. I have no financial interest in this tool or Hitachi. I just think it's way cool and wish I had one on my desk.
bozhilov-at-ucr.edu wrote: } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } A feedback of any experience with the Hitachi TM1000 low vacuum } desktop scanning electron microscope regarding resolution, } performance, reliability, costs, etc. will be appreciated. } } Thank you, } } Krassimir N. Bozhilov } Central Facility for Advanced Microscopy and Microanalysis } University of California } Riverside, CA 92521 } } tel 951 827 2998 } fax 951 827 2489 } bozhilov-at-ucr.edu } } } } } ==============================Original Headers============================== } 7, 19 -- From bozhilov-at-ucr.edu Tue Sep 19 10:01:12 2006 } 7, 19 -- Received: from sentry.ucr.edu (sentry.ucr.edu [138.23.226.224]) } 7, 19 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8JF1Acd011010 } 7, 19 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 10:01:11 -0500 } 7, 19 -- Received: from [138.23.185.162] (igppb116g.ucr.edu [138.23.185.162]) } 7, 19 -- by sentry.ucr.edu (MOS 3.5.9-GR) } 7, 19 -- with ESMTP id DZU42628 (AUTH via LOGINBEFORESMTP) } 7, 19 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; } 7, 19 -- Tue, 19 Sep 2006 08:01:04 -0700 (PDT) } 7, 19 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v752.2) } 7, 19 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit } 7, 19 -- Message-Id: {85F81D99-9C1B-4C52-A0F0-96C3A80051D4-at-ucr.edu} } 7, 19 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed } 7, 19 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } 7, 19 -- From: KN Bozhilov {bozhilov-at-ucr.edu} } 7, 19 -- Subject: Hitachi TM1000 } 7, 19 -- Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2006 08:01:04 -0700 } 7, 19 -- X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.752.2) } 7, 19 -- X-Junkmail-Status: score=0/65, host=sentry.ucr.edu } ==============================End of - Headers============================== } }
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Becky Holdford (r-holdford-at-ti.com) 972-995-2360 972-648-8743 (pager) SC Packaging FA Development Texas Instruments, Inc. Dallas, TX ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
==============================Original Headers============================== 5, 23 -- From r-holdford-at-ti.com Tue Sep 19 10:56:02 2006 5, 23 -- Received: from bear.ext.ti.com (bear.ext.ti.com [192.94.94.41]) 5, 23 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8JFu2dk022392 5, 23 -- for {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} ; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 10:56:02 -0500 5, 23 -- Received: from dlep32.itg.ti.com ([157.170.170.70]) 5, 23 -- by bear.ext.ti.com (8.13.7/8.13.7) with ESMTP id k8JFttrx006886 5, 23 -- (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA bits=256 verify=NO); 5, 23 -- Tue, 19 Sep 2006 10:56:00 -0500 5, 23 -- Received: from [156.117.194.120] (localhost [127.0.0.1]) 5, 23 -- by dlep32.itg.ti.com (8.13.7/8.13.7) with ESMTP id k8JFtsum029506; 5, 23 -- Tue, 19 Sep 2006 10:55:54 -0500 (CDT) 5, 23 -- Message-ID: {4510130B.6070805-at-ti.com} 5, 23 -- Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2006 10:55:55 -0500 5, 23 -- From: Becky Holdford {r-holdford-at-ti.com} 5, 23 -- Organization: SC Packaging Development -- FA Development 5, 23 -- User-Agent: Thunderbird 1.5.0.7 (Windows/20060909) 5, 23 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 5, 23 -- To: bozhilov-at-ucr.edu, MSA ListServer {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} 5, 23 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] Hitachi TM1000 5, 23 -- References: {200609191501.k8JF1Qbq011327-at-ns.microscopy.com} 5, 23 -- In-Reply-To: {200609191501.k8JF1Qbq011327-at-ns.microscopy.com} 5, 23 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed 5, 23 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit ==============================End of - Headers==============================
We just had one installed two weeks ago in our lab. We haven't really played with it much. But it is indeed a nice tool, doesn't take up much space, pumps down very quickly and fairly easy to use. You can insert fresh biological samples and image it. The max magnification you can go to is 10k. We placed it on a heavy microtome table to minimize any vibration problem. You can contact Marine Reef International (Paul DeGeorge) in LA area and get some more info. I believe they are the Hitachi distributor for this instrument.
No financial interest in Hitachi or Marine Reef.
Soumitra
Quoting bozhilov-at-ucr.edu:
} } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } On-Line Help http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } A feedback of any experience with the Hitachi TM1000 low vacuum } desktop scanning electron microscope regarding resolution, } performance, reliability, costs, etc. will be appreciated. } } Thank you, } } Krassimir N. Bozhilov } Central Facility for Advanced Microscopy and Microanalysis } University of California } Riverside, CA 92521 } } tel 951 827 2998 } fax 951 827 2489 } bozhilov-at-ucr.edu } } } } } ==============================Original } Headers============================== } 7, 19 -- From bozhilov-at-ucr.edu Tue Sep 19 10:01:12 2006 } 7, 19 -- Received: from sentry.ucr.edu (sentry.ucr.edu [138.23.226.224]) } 7, 19 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id } k8JF1Acd011010 } 7, 19 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 10:01:11 -0500 } 7, 19 -- Received: from [138.23.185.162] (igppb116g.ucr.edu } [138.23.185.162]) } 7, 19 -- by sentry.ucr.edu (MOS 3.5.9-GR) } 7, 19 -- with ESMTP id DZU42628 (AUTH via LOGINBEFORESMTP) } 7, 19 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; } 7, 19 -- Tue, 19 Sep 2006 08:01:04 -0700 (PDT) } 7, 19 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v752.2) } 7, 19 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit } 7, 19 -- Message-Id: {85F81D99-9C1B-4C52-A0F0-96C3A80051D4-at-ucr.edu} } 7, 19 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; } format=flowed } 7, 19 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } 7, 19 -- From: KN Bozhilov {bozhilov-at-ucr.edu} } 7, 19 -- Subject: Hitachi TM1000 } 7, 19 -- Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2006 08:01:04 -0700 } 7, 19 -- X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.752.2) } 7, 19 -- X-Junkmail-Status: score=0/65, host=sentry.ucr.edu } ==============================End of - } Headers============================== }
Soumitra Ghoshroy College Associate Professor, Biology Director, Electron Microscopy Lab New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 Tel: 505-646-3268 (office) 505-646-3283 (lab) Fax: 505-646-3282 http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/ghoshroy/ghoshroy.htm http://emldata.nmsu.edu
I was working as a research assistant in the electron microscopy lab of Edinburgh University Zoology Department in Scotland. This was Scotland's first TEM, a beautiful space-age looking Siemens Elmiskop 1b.(It was actually installed in 1956 not 58). The pumping system was all controlled with manual valves (had a mercury pump and an oil diff pump if I remember correctly) and the lens and gun alignments were all manual. It was quite a task to align after a filament change.
This TEM produced excellent images and we could routinely get about 12A resolution though it was capable of better.
We had frequent visits from German engineers to begin with but gradually tamed the instrument. The electronics of course were all glass tubes which I liked because once the circuits were understood it was comparatively easy to locate faults.
Many of the specimen techniques we had to develop ourselves since there wasn't much in the literature. I was very fortunate to have David Bradley work in our department for a while since he pioneered carbon support films which revolutionized support film technology.
For embedding we initially had no choice but methacrylate - not all that good but it was still exciting to get those pictures of cellular structure and you could get published anywhere just because the technology was so new!
It was fun and satisfying.
Ted
--- "David L. Jones" {dljones-at-bestweb.net} wrote:
} Ted, } } In 1958, electron microscopy was very difficult to } do...Where were you } working at that time? What microscope did you work } on? Now those were early } machines... I'd love to hear about working with such } an early instrument. } My first SEM experience was on an SEM that required } manual alignment of } the lenses... } } dj } } On Mon, 18 Sep 2006, drteddunne-at-yahoo.com wrote: } } } } } } } } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The } Microscopy Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } } On-Line Help } http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } } It is a great question and it is tempting to be } funny } } in the answer, but I will resist. } } } } I agree that it would be difficult to give a } general } } picture since microscopists come from so many } } different fields of study. } } } } However I would like to say this about myself - } What I } } do every day (amongst other things) is marvel at } how } } incredible nature is when magnified to reveal } } otherwise hidden detail. I have been involved in } } electron microscopy since 1958 and I still feel a } } thrill of excitement every time I pop a specimen } in } } the scope and turn on the beam. } } } } Makes the many frustrations worthwhile. } } } } Ted Dunn } } The EMscope Company } } Thailand } } } } --- sheila.blouin-at-umb.edu wrote: } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- CoSponsor: The } } } Microscopy Society of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- } } } http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver } } } On-Line Help } } } } } } http://www.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } } } } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } } } } Below is the result of your feedback form } } } (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by } } } (sheila.blouin-at-umb.edu) from } } } } } } http://www.microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html } } } on Sunday, September 17, 2006 at 21:25:08 } } } } } } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } } } } Email: sheila.blouin-at-umb.edu } } } Name: Sheila } } } } } } Organization: University of Massachusetts, Boston } } } } } } Education: Undergraduate College } } } } } } Location: Boston, MA, USA } } } } } } Question: What does a microscopist do all day? } What } } } kind of education do you have to have? } } } } } } } } } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } } } } } ==============================Original } } } Headers============================== } } } 7, 12 -- From zaluzec-at-ultra5.microscopy.com Mon } Sep } } } 18 07:27:51 2006 } } } 7, 12 -- Received: from [206.69.208.22] } } } (mac22.zaluzec.com [206.69.208.22]) } } } 7, 12 -- by ns.microscopy.com } } } (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id } } } k8ICRo1f010629 } } } 7, 12 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, } 18 } } } Sep 2006 07:27:50 -0500 } } } 7, 12 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 } } } 7, 12 -- X-Sender: zaluzec-at-ultra5.microscopy.com } } } (Unverified) } } } 7, 12 -- Message-Id: } } } {p06110401c134412a522c-at-[206.69.208.22]} } } } 7, 12 -- Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2006 07:27:49 -0500 } } } 7, 12 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } } } 7, 12 -- From: sheila.blouin-at-umb.edu (by way of } } } Ask-A-Microscopist) } } } 7, 12 -- Subject: AskAMicroscopist: What does a } } } microscopist do all day? } } } 7, 12 -- Content-Type: text/plain; } } } charset="us-ascii" } } } ==============================End of - } } } Headers============================== } } } } } } } } } __________________________________________________ } } Do You Yahoo!? } } Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam } protection around } } http://mail.yahoo.com } } } } ==============================Original } Headers============================== } } 9, 20 -- From drteddunne-at-yahoo.com Mon Sep 18 } 13:38:02 2006 } } 9, 20 -- Received: from } web33409.mail.mud.yahoo.com } (web33409.mail.mud.yahoo.com [68.142.206.141]) } } 9, 20 -- by ns.microscopy.com } (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with SMTP id } k8IIc1ld001193 } } 9, 20 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Mon, 18 } Sep 2006 13:38:01 -0500 } } 9, 20 -- Received: (qmail 38107 invoked by uid } 60001); 18 Sep 2006 18:38:01 -0000 } } 9, 20 -- DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; q=dns; } c=nofws; } } 9, 20 -- s=s1024; d=yahoo.com; } } 9, 20 -- } h=Message-ID:Received:Date:From:Subject:To:Cc:In-Reply-To:MIME-Version:Content-Type:Content-Transfer-Encoding; } } 9, 20 -- } b=CfsMMRWxqS6NEPjXQcB6mycN+ijivvtaYM2cJSBGAcUujHFzVkYZO6wu+brhzjB2exDiGEcICzZFT86QzH9PFrSS/VkkMVmLjggbCEztwz1+O5kAtL/QUYNJLhNhKrYfq3oClrSk78/pNEuaubu56p6Jbj9krVGPQAZN0RA88O0= } ; } } 9, 20 -- Message-ID: } {20060918183801.38105.qmail-at-web33409.mail.mud.yahoo.com} } } 9, 20 -- Received: from [203.190.250.104] by } web33409.mail.mud.yahoo.com via HTTP; Mon, 18 Sep } 2006 11:38:01 PDT } } 9, 20 -- Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2006 11:38:01 -0700 } (PDT) } } 9, 20 -- From: ted dunn {drteddunne-at-yahoo.com} } } 9, 20 -- Subject: AskAMicroscopist: What does a } microscopist do all day? } } 9, 20 -- To: sheila.blouin-at-umb.edu } } 9, 20 -- Cc: microscopy-at-microscopy.com } } 9, 20 -- In-Reply-To: } {200609181234.k8ICY1Go026479-at-ns.microscopy.com} } } 9, 20 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 } } 9, 20 -- Content-Type: text/plain; } charset=iso-8859-1 } } 9, 20 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit } } ==============================End of - } Headers============================== } } } }
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==============================Original Headers============================== 12, 20 -- From drteddunne-at-yahoo.com Tue Sep 19 11:28:49 2006 12, 20 -- Received: from web33402.mail.mud.yahoo.com (web33402.mail.mud.yahoo.com [68.142.206.134]) 12, 20 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with SMTP id k8JGSluE011177 12, 20 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 11:28:48 -0500 12, 20 -- Received: (qmail 24443 invoked by uid 60001); 19 Sep 2006 16:28:45 -0000 12, 20 -- DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; q=dns; c=nofws; 12, 20 -- s=s1024; d=yahoo.com; 12, 20 -- h=Message-ID:Received:Date:From:Subject:To:Cc:In-Reply-To:MIME-Version:Content-Type:Content-Transfer-Encoding; 12, 20 -- b=nqFB/XyCsBhorx5FPC/qNw9B84695ae762eX1iERJmHI7SZKe/vNh6C4s0vkJAA9rBl50rdRAgGxEpZmynVgE3BAsJFtyiNIQfu2+xQODZk6gFfgp/URNmOqPyDDjqotcciiWWYvr7MDhD8yU5DFzxzhEXLlVntToG5oZI5yFWs= ; 12, 20 -- Message-ID: {20060919162845.24441.qmail-at-web33402.mail.mud.yahoo.com} 12, 20 -- Received: from [203.190.250.104] by web33402.mail.mud.yahoo.com via HTTP; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 09:28:45 PDT 12, 20 -- Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2006 09:28:45 -0700 (PDT) 12, 20 -- From: ted dunn {drteddunne-at-yahoo.com} 12, 20 -- Subject: AskAMicroscopist: What does a microscopist do all day? 12, 20 -- To: "David L. Jones" {dljones-at-bestweb.net} 12, 20 -- Cc: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 12, 20 -- In-Reply-To: {Pine.WNT.4.64.0609181522561.3000-at-H-F1} 12, 20 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 12, 20 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 12, 20 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Dear Woody, I would suspect that the reason for the difference has more to do with the removal of the thin, amorphous layer left on the as-polished sample, but I must admit that the contrast reversal is dramatic. BSE can be very strange that way and I never get the same image contrast twice on the same sample. Try tilting slightly and watch it change, particularly when you are viewing channeling contrast on a homogenous, single-phase sample. Good luck, Mary Mager Electron Microscopist Department of Materials Engineering University of British Columbia 6350 Stores Road Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 CANADA Tel: 604-822-5648 Fax: 604-822-3619 e-mail: mager-at-interchange.ubc.ca ----- Original Message ----- X-from: {NWWhite-at-bwxt.com} To: {mager-at-interchange.ubc.ca} Sent: Monday, September 18, 2006 6:55 AM
This Question/Comment was submitted to the Microscopy Listserver using the WWW based Form at http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remember this posting is most likely not from a Subscriber, so when replying please copy both martimor-at-nmsu.edu as well as the MIcroscopy Listserver ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: martimor-at-nmsu.edu Name: Marti
Organization: NMSU
Title-Subject: [Filtered] RE: Spurrs's
Question: Just a quick question to the listserv please about Spurrís embedding media for anyone who may know. What was update (if there was one) of the Spurr's embedding media for TEM? I believe there were some changes with the new Spurrís mixture due to a new safer component added in and switched with one of the previous hazardous ingredients which caused some noticeable changes in peopleís research. Are researchers still using their old stashes and waiting still for word on the new Spurrís resin to be corrected?
This Question/Comment was submitted to the Microscopy Listserver using the WWW based Form at http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remember this posting is most likely not from a Subscriber, so when replying please copy both CHudson-at-slb.com as well as the MIcroscopy Listserver ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: CHudson-at-slb.com Name: Candi
Organization: Schlumberger
Title-Subject: [Filtered] Hitachi TM1000
Question: I have the same question. Would also like to know any information/feedback of any experience with the Hitachi TM1000 low vacuum desktop scanning electron microscope regarding resolution, performance, reliability, costs, etc. will be appreciated.
We had one of these in the lab for a week, have never had such a stream of visitors wanting to use the SEM! For the price, it was great. I'd echo earlier comments - it's very easy to use - no need to gold coat, quite good images (we were pushing the limits of its low vacuum capacity), not bad resolution, esp. for low mag work which is where many of our taxonomists work, compact, no need for water cooling or nitrogen venting, etc. It survived a whole stream of inexperienced users. If we'd had the spare cash, we would have been very tempted. It'd be nice with a cooled stage because the low vacuum wasn't quite low enough to prevent desiccation of the most watery specimens. Good value!
cheers, Rosemary
Dr Rosemary White rosemary.white-at-csiro.au Microscopy Centre ph. 61-2-6246 5475 CSIRO Plant Industry mob. 61-0402 835 973 GPO Box 1600 fax. 61-2-6246 5334 Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
I suppose if one could collect a secondary electron image this could be even more useful. As far as a low vacuum, backscattered imaging microscope representing a "bridge" between optical and a conventional SEM, I would say a section of the bridge is missing; namely the SEI.
Bob Roberts EM Lab Services, Inc. 449 NW 62nd St. Topeka, Kansas 66617-1780 785.246.1232 voice 785.246.0168 fax www.emlabservices.com
Email: CHudson-at-slb.com Name: Candi
Organization: Schlumberger
Title-Subject: [Filtered] Hitachi TM1000
Question: I have the same question. Would also like to know any information/feedback of any experience with the Hitachi TM1000 low vacuum desktop scanning electron microscope regarding resolution, performance, reliability, costs, etc. will be appreciated.
==============================Original Headers============================== 10, 27 -- From emlabservices-at-cox.net Tue Sep 19 20:14:27 2006 10, 27 -- Received: from eastrmmtao05.cox.net (eastrmmtao05.cox.net [68.230.240.34]) 10, 27 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8K1EQJt007362 10, 27 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 20:14:26 -0500 10, 27 -- Received: from eastrmimpo02.cox.net ([68.1.16.120]) by eastrmmtao05.cox.net 10, 27 -- (InterMail vM.6.01.06.01 201-2131-130-101-20060113) with ESMTP 10, 27 -- id {20060920011415.OVSG7951.eastrmmtao05.cox.net-at-eastrmimpo02.cox.net} 10, 27 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 21:14:15 -0400 10, 27 -- Received: from EMLabServices ([24.255.213.54]) 10, 27 -- by eastrmimpo02.cox.net with bizsmtp 10, 27 -- id QRDz1V00U1AzDvc0000000 10, 27 -- Tue, 19 Sep 2006 21:14:08 -0400 10, 27 -- Message-ID: {02ce01c6dc52$1ba2f050$6500a8c0-at-EMLabServices} 10, 27 -- From: "EM Lab Services" {emlabservices-at-cox.net} 10, 27 -- To: {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 10, 27 -- Subject: Hitachi TM1000 10, 27 -- Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2006 19:14:18 -0600 10, 27 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 10, 27 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 10, 27 -- format=flowed; 10, 27 -- charset="iso-8859-1"; 10, 27 -- reply-type=original 10, 27 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit 10, 27 -- X-Priority: 3 10, 27 -- X-MSMail-Priority: Normal 10, 27 -- X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2900.2869 10, 27 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2962 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Had the computer processor or camera control box been moved at all just before the problem? We had a similar experience of 'greyed-out' controls after a user moved the computer processor to find a USB point (there was an extension lead in place but they didn't notice it!) and in the process stressed the cable from the camera to its PC board - a plastic clip holding the board in place had snapped and the board was loose. On securing the board in place with a screw all was OK. We had valuable help from Gatan with the problem.
Hope this helps Regards Ursula -------------
Ursula J. Potter Centre for Electron Optical Studies (CEOS) Building 3 West 2.15 The University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK Tel: 01225 385651 Email: U.J.Potter-at-bath.ac.uk
==============================Original Headers============================== 5, 22 -- From U.J.Potter-at-bath.ac.uk Wed Sep 20 03:25:56 2006 5, 22 -- Received: from kelly.bath.ac.uk (kelly.bath.ac.uk [138.38.32.20]) 5, 22 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8K8PtUI010013 5, 22 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 20 Sep 2006 03:25:55 -0500 5, 22 -- Received: from amos.bath.ac.uk ([138.38.32.36] ident=mmdf) 5, 22 -- by kelly.bath.ac.uk with smtp id 1GPxP1-0007FX-3r 5, 22 -- (return-path {U.J.Potter-at-bath.ac.uk} ); Wed, 20 Sep 2006 09:25:55 +0100 5, 22 -- Received: from eapc-03.campus.bath.ac.uk 5, 22 -- ( eapc-03.campus.bath.ac.uk [138.38.136.63] ) by bath.ac.uk 5, 22 -- id aa15989 ; 20 Sep 2006 09:25 +0100 5, 22 -- Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2006 09:25:55 +0100 5, 22 -- From: Ursula Potter {U.J.Potter-at-bath.ac.uk} 5, 22 -- To: twigg-at-estd.nrl.navy.mil, microscopy-at-microscopy.com 5, 22 -- Subject: Ghosted Image Window in Digital Micrograph 5, 22 -- Message-ID: {1317015.1158744355-at-eapc-03.campus.bath.ac.uk} 5, 22 -- Originator-Info: login-id=mssujp; server=imaphost.bath.ac.uk 5, 22 -- X-Mailer: Mulberry/3.1.0 (Win32) 5, 22 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 5, 22 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed 5, 22 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit 5, 22 -- Content-Disposition: inline 5, 22 -- X-Scanner: 1e6ba4d679d16f1753d9cf2e37791b53f54e02e5 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
I forgot to mention when I sent the article citation: we are using up our current stock of ERL 4206 (VCD), and will change to 4221 when the current stock is gone. Phil
} This Question/Comment was submitted to the Microscopy Listserver } using the WWW based Form at } http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } Remember this posting is most likely not from a Subscriber, so when replying } please copy both martimor-at-nmsu.edu as well as the MIcroscopy Listserver } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- } } Email: martimor-at-nmsu.edu } Name: Marti } } Organization: NMSU } } Title-Subject: [Filtered] RE: Spurrs's } } Question: Just a quick question to the listserv } please about SpurrÌs embedding media for anyone } who may know. What was update (if there was one) } of the Spurr's embedding media for TEM? I } believe there were some changes with the new } SpurrÌs mixture due to a new safer component } added in and switched with one of the previous } hazardous ingredients which caused some } noticeable changes in peopleÌs research. Are } researchers still using their old stashes and } waiting still for word on the new SpurrÌs resin } to be corrected? } } Thanks in advance! } MM -- Philip Oshel Microscopy Facility Supervisor Biology Department Central Michigan University 024C Brooks Hall Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859 voice: (989) 774-3576 dept. fax: (989) 774-3462
==============================Original Headers============================== 3, 25 -- From oshel1pe-at-cmich.edu Wed Sep 20 07:14:06 2006 3, 25 -- Received: from ob2.cmich.edu (ob2.cmich.edu [141.209.20.21]) 3, 25 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8KCE5HZ025173 3, 25 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 20 Sep 2006 07:14:05 -0500 3, 25 -- Received: from egatea.central.cmich.local ([141.209.15.74]) 3, 25 -- by ob2.cmich.edu (8.12.10/8.12.10) with ESMTP id k8KCk3lk019006; 3, 25 -- Wed, 20 Sep 2006 08:46:15 -0400 3, 25 -- Received: from [141.209.160.249] ([141.209.160.249]) by egatea.central.cmich.local with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.1830); 3, 25 -- Wed, 20 Sep 2006 08:13:53 -0400 3, 25 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 3, 25 -- Message-Id: {f06230904c136e0450e3f-at-[141.209.160.249]} 3, 25 -- In-Reply-To: {200609192342.k8JNgVBu022078-at-ns.microscopy.com} 3, 25 -- References: {200609192342.k8JNgVBu022078-at-ns.microscopy.com} 3, 25 -- Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2006 08:13:53 -0400 3, 25 -- To: martimor-at-nmsu.edu 3, 25 -- From: Philip Oshel {oshel1pe-at-cmich.edu} 3, 25 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] viaWWW: Spurrs's 3, 25 -- Cc: Microscopy-at-microscopy.com 3, 25 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" ; format="flowed" 3, 25 -- X-OriginalArrivalTime: 20 Sep 2006 12:13:53.0956 (UTC) FILETIME=[3D6C3640:01C6DCAE] 3, 25 -- X-CanItPRO-Stream: default 3, 25 -- X-Spam-Score: -4 () L_EXCH_MF 3, 25 -- X-Scanned-By: CanIt (www . roaringpenguin . com) on 141.209.20.21 3, 25 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 3, 25 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k8KCE5HZ025173 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
See the July, 2006 edition of Microscopy Today http://www.microscopy-today.com/cgi-bin/MTWWWListingSQL.pl
E. Ann Ellis, "Solutions to the Problem of=20 Substitution of ERL 4221 for Vinyl Cyclohexene=20 Dioxide in Spurr Low Viscosity Embedding=20 =46ormulations"
Phil
} --|This Question/Comment was submitted to the Microscopy Listserver } --|using the WWW based Form at=20 } --|http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html } --|--------------------------------------------------------------------------- } --|Remember this posting is most likely not from a Subscriber, so } when replyin= } g } --|please copy both martimor-at-nmsu.edu as well as the MIcroscopy Listserver } --|--------------------------------------------------------------------------- } --| } --|Email: martimor-at-nmsu.edu } --|Name: Marti } --| } --|Organization: NMSU } --| } --|Title-Subject: [Filtered] RE: Spurrs's } --| } --|Question: Just a quick question to the listserv=20 } --|please about Spurr=CCs embedding media for anyone=20 } --|who may know. What was update (if there was one)=20 } --|of the Spurr's embedding media for TEM? I=20 } --|believe there were some changes with the new=20 } --|Spurr=CCs mixture due to a new safer component=20 } --|added in and switched with one of the previous=20 } --|hazardous ingredients which caused some=20 } --|noticeable changes in people=CCs research. Are=20 } --|researchers still using their old stashes and=20 } --|waiting still for word on the new Spurr=CCs resin=20 } --|to be corrected? } --| } --|Thanks in advance! } --|MM -- Philip Oshel Technical Editor, Microscopy Today Microscopy Facility Supervisor Biology Department Central Michigan University 024C Brooks Hall Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859 voice: (989) 774-3576 fax: (989) 774-3462
==============================Original Headers============================== 5, 20 -- From oshel1pe-at-cmich.edu Wed Sep 20 07:35:47 2006 5, 20 -- Received: from ob2.cmich.edu (ob2.cmich.edu [141.209.20.21]) 5, 20 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8KCZks6003377 5, 20 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 20 Sep 2006 07:35:46 -0500 5, 20 -- Received: from egatea.central.cmich.local ([141.209.15.74]) 5, 20 -- by ob2.cmich.edu (8.12.10/8.12.10) with ESMTP id k8KD7qlg022158 5, 20 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 20 Sep 2006 09:07:56 -0400 5, 20 -- Received: from [141.209.160.249] ([141.209.160.249]) by egatea.central.cmich.local with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.1830); 5, 20 -- Wed, 20 Sep 2006 08:35:41 -0400 5, 20 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 5, 20 -- Message-Id: {f0623090ac136e5d75c34-at-[141.209.160.249]} 5, 20 -- Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2006 08:35:39 -0400 5, 20 -- To: Microscopy-at-microscopy.com 5, 20 -- From: Philip Oshel {oshel1pe-at-cmich.edu} 5, 20 -- Subject: RE: Spurrs's 5, 20 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" 5, 20 -- X-OriginalArrivalTime: 20 Sep 2006 12:35:43.0844 (UTC) FILETIME=[4A2D4240:01C6DCB1] 5, 20 -- X-CanItPRO-Stream: default 5, 20 -- X-Spam-Score: -2.8 () J_CHICKENPOX_53,J_CHICKENPOX_63,L_EXCH_MF 5, 20 -- X-Scanned-By: CanIt (www . roaringpenguin . com) on 141.209.20.21 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
I have not read Ann's article, but after having trouble with the plastic being very brittle after switching to 4221 with the standard "firm" formulation. I experimented and found the following formulation to provide firm blocks, very reliably, that are not brittle:
ERL 4221 - 20g DER 736 - 16g NSA - 50g DMAE - .6g
The blocks are cured overnight at 70C.
Hope this helps, Steve
Steven Lee Chief Technologist Electron Microscopy Laboratory Baylor University Medical Center 3500 Gaston Ave Dallas, TX 75246 Ph: 214.820.3302 Fx: 214.820.4110 Em: stevenle-at-baylorhealth.edu
-----Original Message----- X-from: martimor-at-nmsu.edu [mailto:martimor-at-nmsu.edu] Sent: Tuesday, September 19, 2006 6:44 PM To: Lee, Steven
This Question/Comment was submitted to the Microscopy Listserver using the WWW based Form at http://microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/MLFormMail.html --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remember this posting is most likely not from a Subscriber, so when replying please copy both martimor-at-nmsu.edu as well as the MIcroscopy Listserver ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: martimor-at-nmsu.edu Name: Marti
Organization: NMSU
Title-Subject: [Filtered] RE: Spurrs's
Question: Just a quick question to the listserv please about Spurrís embedding media for anyone who may know. What was update (if there was one) of the Spurr's embedding media for TEM? I believe there were some changes with the new Spurrís mixture due to a new safer component added in and switched with one of the previous hazardous ingredients which caused some noticeable changes in peopleís research. Are researchers still using their old stashes and waiting still for word on the new Spurrís resin to be corrected?
==============================Original Headers============================== 9, 14 -- From zaluzec-at-microscopy.com Tue Sep 19 18:31:54 2006 9, 14 -- Received: from [206.69.208.22] (mac22.zaluzec.com [206.69.208.22]) 9, 14 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8JNVrqV007330 9, 14 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 18:31:54 -0500 9, 14 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 9, 14 -- X-Sender: (Unverified) 9, 14 -- Message-Id: {p06110400c1362e5bec01-at-[206.69.208.22]} 9, 14 -- Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2006 18:31:52 -0500 9, 14 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 9, 14 -- From: martimor-at-nmsu.edu (by way of MicroscopyListserver) 9, 14 -- Subject: viaWWW: Spurrs's 9, 14 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" 9, 14 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 9, 14 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k8JNVrqV007330 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
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==============================Original Headers============================== 22, 26 -- From StevenLe-at-BaylorHealth.edu Wed Sep 20 08:19:57 2006 22, 26 -- Received: from BHDAEXIMS02.bhcs.pvt (mailhost2.baylorhealth.edu [4.22.141.163]) 22, 26 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8KDJukR014483 22, 26 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 20 Sep 2006 08:19:56 -0500 22, 26 -- Received: from BHDAEXFE01.bhcs.pvt ([10.5.3.72]) by BHDAEXIMS02.bhcs.pvt with InterScan Messaging Security Suite; Wed, 20 Sep 2006 08:19:51 -0500 22, 26 -- Received: from BHDAEXCH11.bhcs.pvt ([10.5.3.67]) by BHDAEXFE01.bhcs.pvt with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.211); 22, 26 -- Wed, 20 Sep 2006 08:19:51 -0500 22, 26 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.5 22, 26 -- Content-class: urn:content-classes:message 22, 26 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 22, 26 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 22, 26 -- charset="iso-8859-1" 22, 26 -- Subject: RE: [Microscopy] viaWWW: Spurrs's 22, 26 -- Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2006 08:19:50 -0500 22, 26 -- Message-ID: {74A8B7A904152141BD5AA2761F5D223401C96026-at-BHDAEXCH11.bhcs.pvt} 22, 26 -- In-Reply-To: {200609192344.k8JNiKo9027169-at-ns.microscopy.com} 22, 26 -- X-MS-Has-Attach: 22, 26 -- X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 22, 26 -- Thread-Topic: [Microscopy] viaWWW: Spurrs's 22, 26 -- Thread-Index: AcbcRZQ902NuxxGoTXy1++xjykzFmAAcHlxQ 22, 26 -- From: "Lee, Steven" {StevenLe-at-BaylorHealth.edu} 22, 26 -- To: {martimor-at-nmsu.edu} 22, 26 -- Cc: {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 22, 26 -- X-OriginalArrivalTime: 20 Sep 2006 13:19:51.0339 (UTC) FILETIME=[7434EFB0:01C6DCB7] 22, 26 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 22, 26 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k8KDJukR014483 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
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Email: joseph_woolman-at-raytheon.com Name: Joe
Organization: Raytheon
Title-Subject: [Filtered] Used FE-SEM's
Question: Does anyone know where to purchase a "good" used FE-SEM or FE-ESEM?
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Email: miza069-at-yahoo.com Name: Christoph Mitterbauer
Organization: UC Davis/CHMS
Title-Subject: [Filtered] Assistant Professor in (S)TEM, UC-Davis
Question: The Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science invites applications for a tenure-track position at the Assistant Professor level in the area of advanced (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM). In the last two years, UC Davis has made a significant investment in electron microscopy facilities for both the engineering and biological sciences (including three new field-emission (S)TEMs). The current position seeks a candidate to work within this environment who has expertise in the development and application of advanced methods of imaging and analysis in (S)TEM for the engineering sciences, and who has a strong commitment to applying these methods to soft/biological materials. The successful applicant will be expected to develop an externally funded research program, assist in the routine operation and management of the microscopy facilities, and have a commitment to cross-disciplinary education at both the undergraduate and graduate level. Candidates are expected to have a PhD in materials science, physics, chemistry or related engineering discipline.
Applicants should submit a letter of application, curriculum vitae (including list of publications), description of research and teaching plans, and names and contact information of at least three references online through the following link ( http://www.chms.ucdavis.edu/employment/recruitment/). The position is open until filled; but to assure full consideration, online applications should be submitted no later than November 30, 2006, for a targeted start date of July 1, 2007.
In all seriousness Hitachi has really done a good job with this little machine. We were invited to host a 2 day demo and I agreed, though with reservation considering the lack of options, control and detectors. From crate to first image was about 1.5-2 hours. This happened to be during our "bring your kids to work" day. I opened the lab up to the researchers and their families and the traffic was non-stop. After 10 minutes of instruction, my 9yr old son ran all the demos the first day on an astounding array of samples. It has extremely limited choice (often none) in terms of the usual Kv, spotsize gas pressure etc. but it produced publishable images of nearly every sample we threw at it from single celled dinoflagellates to crystal skulls, to bellybutton lint, almost all of it uncoated. At the end of the demo the only real negative thing anyone could say was that the stage did not tilt. I understand that has been rectified and that EDS capability has been added. While it currently cannot fully replace a dedicated research tool I estimate it could adequately image 75% or more of the biologic material our taxonomists study with virtually guaranteed results, no steep learning curve and minimal training. It required a simple wall outlet, and minimal bench space. I actually considered putting it out on the exhibit floor. We only had it two days but I was duly impressed. At the conclusion, my son was speaking to the engineers and called it the "easiest microscope in the world". Guess it's time to start looking for a new profession...
Scott Whittaker NMNH Imaging Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History PO Box 37012 MRC104 Washington DC 20013-7012 202-633-0891
-----Original Message----- X-from: bozhilov-at-ucr.edu [mailto:bozhilov-at-ucr.edu] Sent: Tuesday, September 19, 2006 11:03 AM To: Whittaker, Scott
A feedback of any experience with the Hitachi TM1000 low vacuum desktop scanning electron microscope regarding resolution, performance, reliability, costs, etc. will be appreciated.
Thank you,
Krassimir N. Bozhilov Central Facility for Advanced Microscopy and Microanalysis University of California Riverside, CA 92521
tel 951 827 2998 fax 951 827 2489 bozhilov-at-ucr.edu
==============================Original Headers============================== 7, 19 -- From bozhilov-at-ucr.edu Tue Sep 19 10:01:12 2006 7, 19 -- Received: from sentry.ucr.edu (sentry.ucr.edu [138.23.226.224]) 7, 19 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8JF1Acd011010 7, 19 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Tue, 19 Sep 2006 10:01:11 -0500 7, 19 -- Received: from [138.23.185.162] (igppb116g.ucr.edu [138.23.185.162]) 7, 19 -- by sentry.ucr.edu (MOS 3.5.9-GR) 7, 19 -- with ESMTP id DZU42628 (AUTH via LOGINBEFORESMTP) 7, 19 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; 7, 19 -- Tue, 19 Sep 2006 08:01:04 -0700 (PDT) 7, 19 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v752.2) 7, 19 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit 7, 19 -- Message-Id: {85F81D99-9C1B-4C52-A0F0-96C3A80051D4-at-ucr.edu} 7, 19 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed 7, 19 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 7, 19 -- From: KN Bozhilov {bozhilov-at-ucr.edu} 7, 19 -- Subject: Hitachi TM1000 7, 19 -- Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2006 08:01:04 -0700 7, 19 -- X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.752.2) 7, 19 -- X-Junkmail-Status: score=0/65, host=sentry.ucr.edu ==============================End of - Headers==============================
==============================Original Headers============================== 16, 27 -- From WHITTAKS-at-si.edu Wed Sep 20 08:42:46 2006 16, 27 -- Received: from si-mailout02.si.edu (si-mailout02.si.edu [160.111.103.154]) 16, 27 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8KDgjME013559 16, 27 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Wed, 20 Sep 2006 08:42:46 -0500 16, 27 -- Received: from SI-MSESMTPO-02.US.SINET.SI.EDU (SI-MSESMTP-N2.us.sinet.si.edu [160.111.49.76]) 16, 27 -- by si-mailout02.si.edu (SI-Mailer) with ESMTP 16, 27 -- id A93C5D9E0; Wed, 20 Sep 2006 09:42:45 -0400 (EDT) 16, 27 -- Received: from SI-ECL02.US.SINET.SI.EDU ([160.111.49.26]) by SI-MSESMTPO-02.US.SINET.SI.EDU with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.1830); 16, 27 -- Wed, 20 Sep 2006 09:42:32 -0400 16, 27 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.5 16, 27 -- Content-class: urn:content-classes:message 16, 27 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 16, 27 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 16, 27 -- charset="US-ASCII" 16, 27 -- Subject: RE: [Microscopy] Hitachi TM1000 16, 27 -- Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2006 09:42:31 -0400 16, 27 -- Message-ID: {20CDD1CED2E76541A4FA119C6C806BA381F18B-at-SI-ECL02.US.SINET.SI.EDU} 16, 27 -- In-Reply-To: {200609191503.k8JF3Oic013878-at-ns.microscopy.com} 16, 27 -- X-MS-Has-Attach: 16, 27 -- X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 16, 27 -- Thread-Topic: [Microscopy] Hitachi TM1000 16, 27 -- Thread-Index: Acbb/NDL2LCrlUgZTnCfJflcXcYi6wACECsw 16, 27 -- From: "Whittaker, Scott" {WHITTAKS-at-si.edu} 16, 27 -- To: {bozhilov-at-ucr.edu} 16, 27 -- X-OriginalArrivalTime: 20 Sep 2006 13:42:32.0573 (UTC) FILETIME=[9F90C2D0:01C6DCBA] 16, 27 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 16, 27 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k8KDgjME013559 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Try angstrom.us (various brands) or semtech solutions (Amray).
gary g.
At 06:22 AM 9/20/2006, you wrote:
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Thanks All, for the multitude of responses to my query. The majority vote for a slight difference in tilt angle. It is no surprise to me that tilt/incident beam angle makes quite a difference. ...Ever try to assemble a low magnification mosaic from BSE grain channeling images? Impossible to match/stitch! In this case, I *thought* I was close enough to zero to minimize the problem, I guess not.
Apparently I cannot (easily) reproduce exactly zero degrees. I am very busy here, but if time permits will try again, making minute tilt changes and observing the result to confirm the effect. This will, however, not be easy with my crude stage tilt mechanism. The relatively new digital SEM stage tilt is not very precise or controllable; much worse than my good old ETEC was. :(
Woody White BWXT Services
==============================Original Headers============================== 5, 26 -- From nwwhite-at-bwxt.com Wed Sep 20 15:20:09 2006 5, 26 -- Received: from bwxt.com (lynsmtp1.bwxt.com [131.184.146.8]) 5, 26 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8KKK9RY009516 5, 26 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Wed, 20 Sep 2006 15:20:09 -0500 5, 26 -- Received: from ([131.184.13.224]) 5, 26 -- by lynsmtp1.bwxt.com with ESMTP id 5202488.2241081; 5, 26 -- Wed, 20 Sep 2006 16:19:58 -0400 5, 26 -- Received: from BWXSPO01.BWXS.BWXTECH.NET ([131.184.13.31]) by bwxslynbh01.BWXS.BWXTECH.NET with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.1830); 5, 26 -- Wed, 20 Sep 2006 16:19:58 -0400 5, 26 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.5 5, 26 -- Content-class: urn:content-classes:message 5, 26 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 5, 26 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 5, 26 -- charset="US-ASCII" 5, 26 -- Subject: BSE Image Response - Thanks! 5, 26 -- Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2006 16:19:58 -0400 5, 26 -- Message-ID: {360DDAABED436B49BA397357CCEE8BB703D070-at-BWXSPO01.BWXS.BWXTECH.NET} 5, 26 -- X-MS-Has-Attach: 5, 26 -- X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 5, 26 -- Thread-Topic: BSE Image Response - Thanks! 5, 26 -- Thread-Index: Acbc8iSR3+lCxuc1TM2PDUzi6QiDEg== 5, 26 -- From: "White, Woody N." {NWWhite-at-bwxt.com} 5, 26 -- To: "MicroscopyListServer" {Microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} 5, 26 -- X-OriginalArrivalTime: 20 Sep 2006 20:19:58.0442 (UTC) FILETIME=[24CF9CA0:01C6DCF2] 5, 26 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 5, 26 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k8KKK9RY009516 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
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Title-Subject: [Filtered] Dispersion of polystyrene spheres
Question: I am trying to disperse a mixture of 5, 1, .5 micron polystyrene spheres to be used for calibration. I have tried several liquids, of which none have worked. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance.
Dear Listers, Please, reply me if you ever succeeded to realize Nanoindentation (especially local hardness evaluation) with Veeco SPM DI D3100. Thank you in advance, Best, Inna
Dr. Inna Popov Head of the Unit for Nanoscopic Characterization The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Faculty of Natural Science The Hebrew University of Jerusalem E. Safra Campus Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 ISRAEL Phone: +972 2 6584808 Fax: +972 2 6584809 Email: innap-at-savion.huji.ac.il Web: www.nanoscience.huji.ac.il/unit
==============================Original Headers============================== 5, 26 -- From innap-at-savion.huji.ac.il Thu Sep 21 04:37:05 2006 5, 26 -- Received: from mail3.cc.huji.ac.il (real-outmail.cc.huji.ac.il [132.64.1.21]) 5, 26 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8L9b4kq012023 5, 26 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Thu, 21 Sep 2006 04:37:04 -0500 5, 26 -- Received: from mango2.hustaff.huji.local (mango2.cc.huji.ac.il [132.64.16.16]) 5, 26 -- by mail3.cc.huji.ac.il (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.11) with ESMTP id k8L9b2D9009070 5, 26 -- for {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Thu, 21 Sep 2006 12:37:02 +0300 5, 26 -- Received: from MANGO1.hustaff.huji.local ([132.64.16.23]) by mango2.hustaff.huji.local with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.1830); 5, 26 -- Thu, 21 Sep 2006 12:37:02 +0300 5, 26 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft Exchange V6.5 5, 26 -- Content-class: urn:content-classes:message 5, 26 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 5, 26 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 5, 26 -- charset="windows-1255" 5, 26 -- Subject: Nanoindentation on Veeco D3100 5, 26 -- Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2006 12:36:46 +0300 5, 26 -- Message-ID: {FCAF0955B591E644BEDEE450C0B58F4101155040-at-MANGO1.hustaff.huji.local} 5, 26 -- X-MS-Has-Attach: 5, 26 -- X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: 5, 26 -- Thread-Topic: Nanoindentation on Veeco D3100 5, 26 -- Thread-Index: AcbdYXSbwhvLo0qlSoyXuHhLos7iaA== 5, 26 -- From: "Inna Popov" {innap-at-savion.huji.ac.il} 5, 26 -- To: {Microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 5, 26 -- X-OriginalArrivalTime: 21 Sep 2006 09:37:02.0542 (UTC) FILETIME=[7E3226E0:01C6DD61] 5, 26 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 5, 26 -- X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by ns.microscopy.com id k8L9b4kq012023 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Inna Popov asked about NanoIndentation using the NanoScope Dimension 3100 AFM sold by Veeco. We have done this and include this in our AFM analysis services. What would you like to know? regards, Don Chernoff ================================== Advanced Surface Microscopy, Inc. E-Mail: donc-at-asmicro.com 3250 N. Post Rd., Ste. 120 Voice: 317-895-5630 INDIANAPOLIS IN 46226 USA Toll free: 800-374-8557 (in USA & Canada) web: http://www.asmicro.com Fax: 317-895-5652 [business activities: analytical services in AFM, AFM probes, consulting, training, calibration and test specimens, calibration and measurement software, used NanoScope equipment.]
----- Original Message ----- From: innap-at-savion.huji.ac.il To: donc-at-asmicro.com Sent: Thursday, September 21, 2006 5:40 AM Subject: [a] [Microscopy] Nanoindentation on Veeco D3100
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Dear Listers, Please, reply me if you ever succeeded to realize Nanoindentation (especially local hardness evaluation) with Veeco SPM DI D3100. Thank you in advance, Best, Inna
Dr. Inna Popov Head of the Unit for Nanoscopic Characterization The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Faculty of Natural Science The Hebrew University of Jerusalem E. Safra Campus Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 ISRAEL Phone: +972 2 6584808 Fax: +972 2 6584809 Email: innap-at-savion.huji.ac.il Web: www.nanoscience.huji.ac.il/unit
==============================Original Headers============================== 16, 21 -- From donc-at-asmicro.com Thu Sep 21 17:01:21 2006 16, 21 -- Received: from smtp113.sbc.mail.re2.yahoo.com (smtp113.sbc.mail.re2.yahoo.com [68.142.229.92]) 16, 21 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with SMTP id k8LM1LJM004199 16, 21 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Thu, 21 Sep 2006 17:01:21 -0500 16, 21 -- Received: (qmail 26757 invoked from network); 21 Sep 2006 22:01:20 -0000 16, 21 -- Received: from unknown (HELO ASM11) (asmicro-at-sbcglobal.net-at-68.251.180.43 with login) 16, 21 -- by smtp113.sbc.mail.re2.yahoo.com with SMTP; 21 Sep 2006 22:01:20 -0000 16, 21 -- Message-ID: {000e01c6ddc9$3b613870$6501a8c0-at-ASM11} 16, 21 -- From: "Don Chernoff at ASM" {donc-at-asmicro.com} 16, 21 -- To: {innap-at-savion.huji.ac.il} , "Microscopy List" {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} 16, 21 -- References: {200609210940.k8L9ednC017479-at-ns.microscopy.com} 16, 21 -- Subject: [Microscopy] Nanoindentation on Veeco D3100 16, 21 -- Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2006 17:42:11 -0400 16, 21 -- MIME-Version: 1.0 16, 21 -- Content-Type: text/plain; 16, 21 -- charset="iso-8859-1" 16, 21 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit 16, 21 -- X-Priority: 3 16, 21 -- X-MSMail-Priority: Normal 16, 21 -- X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2800.1807 16, 21 -- X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1807 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
My question is not about microscopy, but I put my question on the list as a bottle in the sea !
I'm looking after the instructions manuel for an old pyrometer I've descoverd here, a KT4 from Heimann GmbH (Germany, now Heitronic). It's a nice infrared pyrometer, with a Cassegrain telescope as measuring head, which cover the range from -100 to +300°C.
Does some know this tool, and could send me a copie of the instructions manual ?
-- J. Faerber IPCMS-GSI (Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Groupe Surface et Interfaces) 23, rue de Loess ; BP43 67034 Strasbourg CEDEX 2 France
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Email: kca-at-soton.ac.uk Name: KC ANG
Organization: Postgraduate Student,University of Southampton
Title-Subject: [Filtered] Softwares to solve 3D measurements of SEM
Question: Hi,
I wish to know about the softwares that can solve and present 3D images for SEM. Currently, I only manage to have 2D images captured. Is it possible to measure angles of features using SEM?
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Email: andel-at-cperi.certh.gr Name: Andreas Delimitis
Organization: Centre for Research & Technology Hellas - CPERI
Title-Subject: [Filtered] CCD cameras for TEM
Question: Dear Listers,
I am looking for suggestions (vendors are also welcome - off list) for a bottom mounted CCD camera to be installed on a JEOL 2010 TEM. The microscope is primarily used for characterisation of electron beam sensitive materials, such as zeolites, catalysts and biological samples, so low-dose imaging conditions are required.
I am aware of two models from two major competitors in the market -but any other suggestion is more than welcome: the first provides a full-frame, 16 bit, 4.2 Mpx slow scan camera with a pixel size of 13.5x13.5 microns, while the second gives an interline, 14 bit, 11Mpx fast rate camera with a pixel size of 9x9 microns. However, there is no information about low-dose imaging, along with SAD, microdiffraction and CBED pattern aquisition for these cameras.
User suggestions are especially welcome.
Thanks in advance, Andreas
Dr. Andreas Delimitis Centre for Research & TEchnology Hellas (CERTH) Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute (CPERI) Thermi, Thessaloniki Greece
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Email: bpletc-at-ufl.edu Name: Ben Pletcher
Organization: University of Florida
Title-Subject: [Filtered] Tenupol-2 Sample Holder
Question: I have just relocated to the University of Florida and am repairing a Tenupol-2 electro-jet polisher. There are no sample holders. Struers does have a few left, but wanted to know if anyone had an old system lying around with spare sample holders and/or parts. I would greatly appreciate any help as I have a very limited budget. The parts of greatest help would be the light and sensor unit for automatically shut-off.
Anyone have an idea about how I can help a researcher interested in measuring microvolumes in his sample?
Here is the set up. Geologist laser drills holes into zircons and captures the 'smoke'. He does some fancy analysis and gets the info he needs, except, he wants to know the volume of the hole.
Holes are up to 40um in dia., between 5 and 20 um deep. Material is zircon, ZrSiO2.
He has used something called a vertical scanning interferometer, but the one he has used is broken or not longer available. He was looking for some other solution.
He came asking about confocal microscopy. I'm not sure our confocal will do anything for him, but we will give it a try. I suggested SEM, but he doesn't want to coat the sample. I thought FIB type machine, but we don't have one.
He says if he finds the right technique, he may be doing tens to hundreds of holes, so some automation or at least quick and easy procedure is what he is looking for.
Any ideas?
Thanks
Jon --
Jonathan Krupp Microscopy & Imaging Lab C230 Earth & Marine Science University of California Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (831) 459-2477 jmkrupp-at-ucsc.edu
==============================Original Headers============================== 12, 21 -- From jmkrupp-at-ucsc.edu Fri Sep 22 18:02:05 2006 12, 21 -- Received: from smtp-prod-mx1.ucsc.edu (smtp-prod-mx1.ucsc.edu [128.114.125.43]) 12, 21 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8MN25WX032572 12, 21 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Fri, 22 Sep 2006 18:02:05 -0500 12, 21 -- Received: from ucsc.edu (cruzmail-fe2.ucsc.edu [128.114.125.2]) 12, 21 -- by smtp-prod-mx1.ucsc.edu (8.13.7/8.13.7) with ESMTP id k8MN1Rke009217 12, 21 -- for {microscopy-at-microscopy.com} ; Fri, 22 Sep 2006 16:01:32 -0700 (PDT) 12, 21 -- Received: from [128.114.25.186] (account jmkrupp-at-ucsc.edu [128.114.25.186] verified) 12, 21 -- by silver.ucsc.edu (CommuniGate Pro SMTP 4.3.7) 12, 21 -- with ESMTPA id 71277760 for microscopy-at-microscopy.com; Fri, 22 Sep 2006 16:01:24 -0700 12, 21 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 12, 21 -- Message-Id: {p06230908c13a19609206-at-[128.114.25.186]} 12, 21 -- Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2006 16:01:43 -0700 12, 21 -- To: microscopy-at-microscopy.com 12, 21 -- From: Jon Krupp {jmkrupp-at-ucsc.edu} 12, 21 -- Subject: microvolume measuring 12, 21 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed" 12, 21 -- X-UCSC-CATS-Information: This message was scanned by the ITS MailScanner 12, 21 -- X-UCSC-CATS-MailScanner: Found to be clean 12, 21 -- X-UCSC-CATS-MailScanner-SpamCheck: 12, 21 -- X-UCSC-CATS-MailScanner-From: jmkrupp-at-ucsc.edu ==============================End of - Headers==============================
This is easy with the Alicona Mex software. It allows "stereo" or even tri SEM images to be mathematically combined to produce a DEM. We use a VPSEM and there is no need to coat, one only needs a tilt stage.
john
At 04:06 PM 9/22/2006, you wrote:
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On Sep 22, 2006, at 4:02 PM, jmkrupp-at-ucsc.edu wrote:
} Anyone have an idea about how I can help a researcher interested in } measuring microvolumes in his sample? } } Here is the set up. Geologist laser drills holes into zircons and } captures the 'smoke'. He does some fancy analysis and gets the info } he needs, except, he wants to know the volume of the hole. } } Holes are up to 40um in dia., between 5 and 20 um deep. Material is } zircon, ZrSiO2. } } He has used something called a vertical scanning interferometer, but } the one he has used is broken or not longer available. He was looking } for some other solution. } } He came asking about confocal microscopy. I'm not sure our confocal } will do anything for him, but we will give it a try. I suggested SEM, } but he doesn't want to coat the sample. I thought FIB type machine, } but we don't have one. } } He says if he finds the right technique, he may be doing tens to } hundreds of holes, so some automation or at least quick and easy } procedure is what he is looking for. } } Any ideas? } Dear Jon, If the confocal can generate a reflection mode signal from the surface of the zircon, that should enable the estimation of the volumes of the holes. If, further, you know that the walls are not undercut, then the volumes will be measured pretty accurately. If the walls are undercut--the hole is wider at the bottom than at the top--you will have to tilt the specimen until the wall is visible all the way down, and it will take more than one tilt direction to see the whole wall, but the volume can be accurately measured. I have no good idea how to automate the process except in the case where the walls are either straight or converging, and where the holes are regularly spaced or can be found automatically, then a program such as Leginon could be adapted to collect confocal data. Good luck. Yours, Bill Tivol, PhD EM Scientist and Manager Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility Broad Center, Mail Code 114-96 California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 (626) 395-8833 tivol-at-caltech.edu
==============================Original Headers============================== 4, 22 -- From tivol-at-caltech.edu Fri Sep 22 18:50:57 2006 4, 22 -- Received: from outgoing-mail.its.caltech.edu (outgoing-mail.its.caltech.edu [131.215.239.19]) 4, 22 -- by ns.microscopy.com (8.12.11.20060308/8.12.8) with ESMTP id k8MNov3L016394 4, 22 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Fri, 22 Sep 2006 18:50:57 -0500 4, 22 -- Received: from water-dog.caltech.edu (water-dog [192.168.1.26]) 4, 22 -- by earth-ox-postvirus (Postfix) with ESMTP id DE700109FAF 4, 22 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Fri, 22 Sep 2006 16:50:51 -0700 (PDT) 4, 22 -- Received: from [192.168.159.233] (jpix-01.caltech.edu [131.215.2.133]) 4, 22 -- by fire-ox.its.caltech.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id CF336353A5 4, 22 -- for {microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com} ; Fri, 22 Sep 2006 16:50:50 -0700 (PDT) 4, 22 -- Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v624) 4, 22 -- In-Reply-To: {200609222302.k8MN2CPB032735-at-ns.microscopy.com} 4, 22 -- References: {200609222302.k8MN2CPB032735-at-ns.microscopy.com} 4, 22 -- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed 4, 22 -- Message-Id: {d833e5b4c0e5f6dbe994b0629f98a522-at-caltech.edu} 4, 22 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit 4, 22 -- From: Bill Tivol {tivol-at-caltech.edu} 4, 22 -- Subject: Re: [Microscopy] microvolume measuring 4, 22 -- Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2006 16:54:26 -0700 4, 22 -- To: microscopy-at-msa.microscopy.com 4, 22 -- X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.624) 4, 22 -- X-Spam-Scanned: at Caltech-ITS on water-dog by amavisd-2.3.3 ==============================End of - Headers==============================
Below is the result of your feedback form (NJZFM-ultra-55). It was submitted by (equine.scientist-at-yahoo.com) from http://microscopy.com/Ask-A-Microscopist/Ask-A-Microscopist.html on Sunday, September 24, 2006 at 12:32:49 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: equine.scientist-at-yahoo.com Name: Ryelei K. Sejavka
Organization: Kangaroo Valley Primary School
Education: K-8 Grade Grammar School
Location: Kangaroo Valley, New South Wales, Australia
Question: How do I find the manual for a really old microscope? On the front it says Sears 49-24364 400-1200 Power Z-O-O-M Microscope.