We are looking for a way to set the contrast and the brightness values in the SEM's backscatter mode at the same level from day to day and rather so that any user can set it to this wanted level. We have not found a good way of doing this. Any suggestions?
Thanks a lot,
Tiina
************************************************************* Tiina Hallamaa, M.Sc (Eng) The Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute P.O.Box 70 FIN-02151 Espoo Finland ************************************************************* phone: +358-9-4371 492, fax: +358-9-464 305 email: Tiina.Hallamaa-at-kcl.fi
We use a waveform monitor on our AMRAY 1830. This allows us to set a pretty constant brightness and contrast level so that photographs will come out with the proper levels. This is much better than the auto brightness and contrast or small row of LED's that our SEM had as a factory meter. The waveform monitor resembles a small oscilloscope and has a fairly fine pitched grid on the screen. Your SEM manufacturer should be able to supply you with one. It has worked very well for us.
John Giles Principal Materials Engineer Honeywell Space Systems
} Dear all,
} We are looking for a way to set the contrast and the } brightness values in the SEM's backscatter mode at the } same level from day to day and rather so that any user } can set it to this wanted level. We have not found a } good way of doing this. Any suggestions?
Now I want to record the HRTEM images of Ceramic Grain Boundaries, but I found it is very difficult to find out a suitable sample area for both grains in the suitable orientations. Could you give me some advices about how to find them?
Many thanks,
--- Best Wishes,
JH Yu
Join 18 million Eudora users by signing up for a free Eudora Web-Mail account at http://www.eudoramail.com
If your SEM has a video waveform display available, it can be used with standards to consistently set BSE contrast (gain) and brightness (dc level). The best standards should be polished flat and the atomic number should bracket the anticipated BSE range required. Use the standards to set desired black/white levels.
Woody White McDermott Technology, Inc.
Dear all,
We are looking for a way to set the contrast and the brightness values in the SEM's backscatter mode at the same level from day to day and rather so that any user can set it to this wanted level. We have not found a good way of doing this. Any suggestions?
Thanks a lot,
Tiina
************************************************************* Tiina Hallamaa, M.Sc (Eng) The Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute P.O.Box 70 FIN-02151 Espoo Finland ************************************************************* phone: +358-9-4371 492, fax: +358-9-464 305 email: Tiina.Hallamaa-at-kcl.fi
Now I want to record the HRTEM images of Ceramic Grain Boundaries, but I found it is very difficult to find out a suitable sample area for both grains in the suitable orientations. Could you give me some advices about how to find them?
Many thanks,
--- Best Wishes,
JH Yu
Join 18 million Eudora users by signing up for a free Eudora Web-Mail account at http://www.eudoramail.com
First you should obtain NJDEP's Chapter 28 covering Radiation Protection Programs to see what rules need to be followed. New Jersey is very strict about this topic. The current edition 5/15/95 is good for five years.
A summary table in "7:28-6.1 Permissible dose rates, radiation levels and concentrations" indicates 1.25 rems per year. However, this section is long with many exceptions. If you send me an E-Mail with the details of your question, I will do my best to answer it.
J. Roy Nelson Material Testing Laboratory Pennington, NJ (609) 730-0575 jrnelson-at-nj1.aae.com
narahari ramanuja che stnt wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Hello, } we are doing some research on protective shields for x-ray } radiation. does anyone know what is the permissible or background } radiation intensity? also on refering to an old publication by the British } Journal of Medicine, i found out that the maximum permissible dose(MPD) } for exposure of the whole body to radiation expressed in rontgens is 0.3 } per week, has this level changed or is it still the same? to calculate the } MPD, we need to know the dose rate (in r min), does anyone have some info } on this? } } it would be great if you could give me some info on these topics. } } sincerely, } } Narahari. } } ________________________________________________________________________________ } } Narahari Ramanuja } } Office : Materials Synthesis & Characterization Lab, } Dept of Materials Science & Engineering, } NJIT, } ph # 201-596-3680 } email : nxr0308-at-megahertz.njit.edu } ________________________________________________________________________________ }
Tiina: SEM's have a linescan mode and this can be centred and modulated. The amplitude in the modulation then represents contrast and the position of the graph (which is centred before modulation) indicates brightness. This is easy enough to calibrate and teach to users. Modern instruments have various aids to obtain good exposures, some are simpler but they are never better than that modulation. Just fixing the brightness and contrast controls is rather more complicated, because this would necessitate fixing all working parameters in an SEM, always the same: specimens and coatings, WD, condenser setting and apertures, emission and specimen tilt. The list is endless, even the scintillator cannot age. Forget fixing just brightness and contrast amplifications and try to give users at least minimal instructions in SEM operations and that should include the modulated linescan. Cheers Jim Darley ProSciTech Microscopy PLUS PO Box 111, Thuringowa QLD 4817 Australia Phone +61 7 4774 0370 Fax: +61 7 4789 2313 Great microscopy catalogue, 500 Links, MSDS, User Notes ********************** www.proscitech.com.au *****
On Tuesday, December 01, 1998 4:47 PM, Tiina Hallamaa [SMTP:Tiina_Hallamaa-at-kcl.fi] wrote: } ---------------------------------------------------------- } -------------- } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy } Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.ht } ml } ---------------------------------------------------------- } -------------. } } } Dear all, } } We are looking for a way to set the contrast and the } brightness values in } the SEM's backscatter mode at the same level from day to } day and rather so } that any user can set it to this wanted level. We have not } found a good } way of doing this. Any suggestions? } } Thanks a lot, } } } Tiina } } ********************************************************** } *** } Tiina Hallamaa, M.Sc (Eng) } The Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute } P.O.Box 70 } FIN-02151 Espoo } Finland } ********************************************************** } *** } phone: +358-9-4371 492, fax: +358-9-464 305 } email: Tiina.Hallamaa-at-kcl.fi } } } }
Just to expand on Woody's point, we use some TV tube coat (C) sprayed on a chip of calcite as a thin, portable standard to set the BSE brightness levels for concrete analyses. We simply lay the standard on the sample as we insert it into our microscope. Of course, one could also embed samples of brass or calcite or silica in epoxy and polish them flat to do the same thing. You could then have multiple reference levels.
Of course, some sort of waveform display is required. We have ours marked so that we can set the levels reproducibly.
Warren
At 07:56 AM 12/1/98 -0600, Woody wrote: } } Tiina, } } If your SEM has a video waveform display available, it can be used } with standards to consistently set BSE contrast (gain) and } brightness (dc level). The best standards should be polished flat } and the atomic number should bracket the anticipated BSE range } required. Use the standards to set desired black/white levels. } } Woody White } McDermott Technology, Inc. } } Dear all, } } We are looking for a way to set the contrast and the brightness values in } the SEM's backscatter mode at the same level from day to day and rather so } that any user can set it to this wanted level. We have not found a good } way of doing this. Any suggestions? } } Thanks a lot, } } Tiina
A colleague is interested in a standard to evaluate a variety of profilometry instruments. Both metallic and polymeric standards would be of use. X, Y, and Z directions would need to be measured, something in the 100-1000um range. Also, does anyone know a manufacturer who will make polystyrene latex spheres at a requested diameter?
TIA
======================= David Rose WL Gore and Associates 297 Blue Ball Road Elkton, MD 21921 =======================
Dear Narahari, The usual upper limit that is applied for any radiation-emitting devices in Canada and the USA is "0.5 mR/hr. at a distance of 5 cm from any part of the device". This is from the "Electron Microscopy Safety handbook" second edition, Barber and Mascorro editors. This is an excellent, slim, soft-cover book that should be in any EM lab, IMHO. There is a lot of other info on background radiation and other radiation hazards in the EM lab. You wrote: } Hello, } we are doing some research on protective shields for x-ray } radiation. does anyone know what is the permissible or background } radiation intensity? also on refering to an old publication by the British } Journal of Medicine, i found out that the maximum permissible dose(MPD) } for exposure of the whole body to radiation expressed in rontgens is 0.3 } per week, has this level changed or is it still the same? to calculate the } MPD, we need to know the dose rate (in r min), does anyone have some info } on this? } } it would be great if you could give me some info on these topics. } } sincerely, } } Narahari. } } ___________________________________________________________________________ _____ } } Narahari Ramanuja } } Office : Materials Synthesis & Characterization Lab, } Dept of Materials Science & Engineering, } NJIT, } ph # 201-596-3680 } email : nxr0308-at-megahertz.njit.edu } ___________________________________________________________________________ _____ } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } Mary Mager Electron Microscopist Metals and Materials Engineering University of British Columbia 6350 Stores Road Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 CANADA tel: 604-822-5648 fax: 604-822-3619 e-mail: mager-at-interchg.ubc.ca
I spent some time doing the same type of work in beta silicon nitride , and yesI found it very time consuming because one needs to find orientations such that the two grains are in orientations that can be imaged and at the same time the grain boundary needs to be parallel to the beam. You might find the paper by D.R. Clark (Ultramicroscopy 4 (1979)33-44) useful.
What I found to be helpful was to first check the image of the boundary at lower mags (typically X100K) in BF mode and tilt about an axis parallel to the image of the boundary until I attained a relatively sharp "minimum" in the width of the boundary .This is relatively fast and it allows you to eliminate those GBs that are way out of orientation ( I was using a 30 degree double tilt holder).
Once I had what seemed to be a suitable GB, then,at that point I would check the diffraction pattern to see if there were any Kikuchi lines (from either grain) that were parallel to the grain boundary and which corresponded to reflections that could be used for HRTEM imaging (i.e. large enough d-spacing). If that was the case, then I would tilt the sample along that Kikuchi line (i.e. maintaining that set of reflections for that particular grain) and at the same time check the DP from the other grain until a suitable orientation was attained for that second grain. More often than not, I had to move on to another location and start the whole operation again until all three elements(Grain 1, grain 2 and the GB) had the proper orientation.
In most instances my images consisted of two beam conditions but that was sufficient to resolve the GBs which were typically about 1 to 4 nm wide. In one afternoon session I could probably end up with three to five suitable boundaries (plus coffee breaks).
I hope this helps.
Jordi Marti
---------- } From: jiahui yu To: For sending TEM discussion -----------------------------------------------------------------------.
Dear Ceramic TEM experts and folks,
Now I want to record the HRTEM images of Ceramic Grain Boundaries, but I found it is very difficult to find out a suitable sample area for both grains in the suitable orientations. Could you give me some advices about how to find them?
Many thanks,
--- Best Wishes,
JH Yu
Join 18 million Eudora users by signing up for a free Eudora Web-Mail account at http://www.eudoramail.com
narahari ramanuja che stnt wrote: } } we are doing some research on protective shields for x-ray } radiation. does anyone know what is the permissible or background } radiation intensity? also on refering to an old publication by the British } Journal of Medicine, i found out that the maximum permissible dose(MPD) } for exposure of the whole body to radiation expressed in rontgens is 0.3 } per week, has this level changed or is it still the same? to calculate the } MPD, we need to know the dose rate (in r min), does anyone have some info } on this? } } it would be great if you could give me some info on these topics. } Dear Narahari, That must be a very old book. The current standards (at least in New York State) are 0.5 rem/year (about equal to 0.5 roentgens/year) for the general public and 5 rem/year for radiation workers; however, for women who are or may be pregnant, the lower level applies even for radiation workers. The dose rate must be measured with an ionization chamber detector (we use a Model 2588 from Nuclear Chicago). Due to the unevenness of shielding by the radiation source itself (e.g., the EM column), a calculation will not usually be useful. You should also operate the equipment to produce the worst possible radiation field when making these measurements--put the EM beam onto as many high-Z parts as possible, etc.--so that even operator mistakes will not result in exceeding the permissible levels. Good luck. Yours, Bill Tivol
A Philips EM400T w/ 6585 STEM was donated to our new EM teaching facility last year, to establish TEM & analytical capabilities (biology/engineering/physics/chemistry). On PEI's recommendation, we invested around $30K to move & refurbish the instrument, plus more to upgrade the EDS system.
End result: The column was in good shape to begin with, and now it is great (GO, Philips). However, after expending the greater part of the available funds in man-hours and parts on the STEM unit over a period of months, the STEM was merely transformed into a(n expensive!) heap of garbage that nothing can resuscitate (BOO, Philips).
Does anyone out in ListServerLand have a 6585 STEM unit you might loan or donate to our program?
PEI has offered to transport & install it for us (GO, Philips). Having put so much into our failed STEM, and remaining committed to the concept, we can also spend a little more for a(n operating!) unit.
Thanks, all.
Ann Hein Lehman TEM Lab Mgr, Trinity College LSC 314 300 Summit St. Hartford, CT 06106 860-297-4289 Ann.Lehman-at-exchange.cc.trincoll.edu
Our sputter coater (ISI PS-2) just died. I need parts for it and was hoping that someone may have an old one setting around that I could get for parts. I would also consider a used sputter coateer of any make that you may want to sell.
Thank you
Marty Reed Equipment Technician Biology Department Humboldt State University Arcata CA 95521 707-826-3234 707-826-3201 FAX mmr7001-at-axe.humboldt.edu
Tiina, } } There are a number of things you can do, depending on whether you want to } } a) just acquire images with the same contrast and brightness to facilitate } comparison or } b) want to acquire BSE images and get materials data from these. b) would } have to be split up further into } } i) image comparison } ii) semi-quantitative data without standard } iii) semi-quantitative with standard } } a) if you just want to get images with similar brightness and contrast, the } easiest and least expensive way would be to use the y-modulation or linescan } mode of the SEM, adjust brightness and contrast so that the amplitudes are } similar for different images, and take an image. } } b, i) if you want to use the Z-contrast of the SEM to obtain information } about material distribution in your sample, you probably have to pay more } attention to other parameters such as WD, beam current, contamination, etc. } Again, if you are just looking for a comparison of two areas you may be able } to use the method a). } } b,ii) Now it get's more interesting. If you want to obtain semi-quantitative } data you must quantify the gray levels of the image, which can then in turn } in principle be used to measure Z. If you don't want to use a standard, you } probably have to fix most of your parameters (WD, beam current, tilt angles, } etc). Once that is done, you need to acquire the images digitally, at which } point you can calibrate the intensity and then have the software threshold } different intensity levels and match them to different materials. The } matching could be done either by using theoretical values of I(z), or by } using values determined from known materials. } } b,iii) If you can use a standard in the SEM at the same time as the sample, } this would give you probably the best results. Acquire an image of the } standard, then of the sample under the same conditions. Software can then be } used to match the intensity of the standard to intensity on the sample and } obtain information about the material. Again, you could then use software to } threshold the intensity and tell you which material is where. } } I hope, that helped. If you have further questions regarding the digital } processing part, contact me through email. We have people in Finland who can } help you further. } } Michael Bode } } ******************************************************* } Disclaimer: } Soft Imaging System produces and sells image acquisition } and processing systems. We therefore have a vested } interest in some of the items mentioned above. } ******************************************************* } }
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 1675 Carr St., #105N Lakewood, CO 80215 phone: (888) FIND SIS fax: (303) 234-9271 email: info-at-soft-imaging.com
} } } On Tuesday, December 01, 1998 4:47 PM, Tiina Hallamaa } [SMTP:Tiina_Hallamaa-at-kcl.fi] wrote: } } } ---------------------------------------------------------- } } -------------- } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy } } Society of America } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } On-Line Help } } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.ht } } ml } } } ---------------------------------------------------------- } } -------------. } } } } } } Dear all, } } } } We are looking for a way to set the contrast and the } } brightness values in } } the SEM's backscatter mode at the same level from day to } } day and rather so } } that any user can set it to this wanted level. We have } not } } found a good } } way of doing this. Any suggestions? } } } } Thanks a lot, } } } } } } Tiina } } } } } ********************************************************** } } *** } } Tiina Hallamaa, M.Sc (Eng) } } The Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute } } P.O.Box 70 } } FIN-02151 Espoo } } Finland } } } ********************************************************** } } *** } } phone: +358-9-4371 492, fax: +358-9-464 305 } } email: Tiina.Hallamaa-at-kcl.fi } } } } } } } } } } }
Does anyone have recommendations for a low-temperature lubricant for our old IEC cryostat. The literature that we have available just refers to "special low-temperature oil, product no. ####". We are thinking of molybdenum sulfide or graphite, but if there is any really good recommended lubricant for -30 degrees C, that's what we want.
Thanks in advance.
Randy
Randy Tindall Electron Microscope Laboratory Box 3EML New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003
Having been off line for a while I see we have managed to confuse most of the world thanks to British Telecom. For Scott who asked about flat bottom vials we do manufacture these and much else besides. Stephen Griffiths from the Institute of Ophthalmology got it right although sadly there are no prizes for him this time. Anyone requiring details can contact us as follows:
TAAB Laboratories Equipment Ltd, 3 Minerva House, Calleva Park, Aldermaston Berkshire, RG7 8NA, England Tel ++44 (0) 118 981 7881 Fax 110 981 7881 Company e-mail sales-at-taab.co.uk
Randy: I agree that moly sulfide or graphite would be satisfactory. However, Apiezon N grease is designed for medium and very low temperature applications. It's sticky and a very thin film would stay in place for a long time. You can read about Apiezon N properties in our online by going to page M2 from the contents page. Disclaimer: ProSciTech is a supplier and sells this products. Cheers Jim Darley ProSciTech Microscopy PLUS PO Box 111, Thuringowa QLD 4817 Australia Phone +61 7 4774 0370 Fax: +61 7 4789 2313 Great microscopy catalogue, 500 Links, MSDS, User Notes ********************** www.proscitech.com.au *****
} } Hi, } } Does anyone have recommendations for a low-temperature } lubricant for our } old IEC cryostat. The literature that we have available } just refers to } "special low-temperature oil, product no. ####". We are } thinking of } molybdenum sulfide or graphite, but if there is any really } good recommended } lubricant for -30 degrees C, that's what we want. } } Thanks in advance. } } Randy } } } Randy Tindall } Electron Microscope Laboratory } Box 3EML } New Mexico State University } Las Cruces, NM 88003 } } rtindell-at-nmsu.edu (work) } nrtindall-at-zianet.com (home)
Hi, We got ours from LIPSHAW and it is called LIPSHAW CRYOTOME LUBRICANT No. 291. The address Lipshaw Corp. 7446 Central Avenue Detroit. MI 48210. Hope this will help. Regards. Andre du Toit Department of Anatomical Pathology Tygerberg Hospital Cape Town South Africa.
A new web page was announced recently on this listserver; it has informative images and text that will help those who are doing educational outreach. It has just been expanded to include some difficult-to-access information:
The FOODS UNDER THE MICROSCOPE Web page (http://www.cyberus.ca/~scimat/) has been extended and now contains the TABLE OF CONTENTS of the FOOD STRUCTURE (formerly FOOD MICROSTRUCTURE) journal published in 1982-93. This particular page may be accessed separately at http://www.cyberus.ca/~scimat/journal.htm
Please send inquiries directly to Milos; he isn't a list subscriber.
Caroline Schooley Educational Outreach Coordinator Microscopy Society of America Box 117, 45301 Caspar Point Road Caspar, CA 95420 Phone/FAX (707)964-9460 Project MICRO: http://www.MSA.microscopy.com/ProjectMICRO/Books.html Intertidal invertebrates: http://www.fortbragg.k12.ca.us/AG/PCI/pci.html
{!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"} {HTML} {HEAD} {META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=us-ascii"} {META NAME="Generator" CONTENT="MS Exchange Server version 5.5.1960.3"} {TITLE} NiTi etchant {/TITLE} {/HEAD} {BODY}
{P} {FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"} Any suggestion on proper etchant procedure to use in order to do NiTi Memory Shape alloys SEM images? {/FONT} {BR} {FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"} Thank You in advance, Edoardo. {/FONT} {/P}
Does anybody know where I can get parts for a Sorvall Porter-Blum MT II ultramicrotome? If possible somewhere here in Canada, because of the exchange rate. I think there have been questions like this in the past, but I can't seem to access the archives. Thanks.
I'm not sure if graphite will work at those temperatures. Graphite gets its lubrication properties from the layers being intercalated with gas molecules. That is why it doesn't work in vacuum. MoS2 or WS2 works well at low temperatures for tribological applications. It also works well in vacuum applications. You probably will have to burnish it on and that could create some debris and there is debris that can occur during usage. -Scott
Scott D. Walck, Ph.D. PPG Industries, Inc. Guys Run Rd. (packages) P.O. Box 11472 (letters) Pittsburgh, PA 15238-0472
Walck-at-PPG.com
(412) 820-8651 (office) (412) 820-8161 (fax)
"The opinions expressed are those of Scott D. Walck and not of PPG Industries, Inc. nor of any PPG-associated companies."
---------- } From: Randy Tindall To: microscopy-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com -----------------------------------------------------------------------.
Hi,
Does anyone have recommendations for a low-temperature lubricant for our old IEC cryostat. The literature that we have available just refers to "special low-temperature oil, product no. ####". We are thinking of molybdenum sulfide or graphite, but if there is any really good recommended lubricant for -30 degrees C, that's what we want.
Thanks in advance.
Randy
Randy Tindall Electron Microscope Laboratory Box 3EML New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003
Proper low-temperature cryostat oil is available from the major suppliers (i.e.Fisher), and is probably the best thing to use. My own experience is that other lubricants usually become impossibly thick at low temperatures.
} } } } } Please visit us at http://www.southbaytech.com { { { { {
Manufacturers of precision sample preparation equipment and supplies for metallography, crystallography and electron microscopy.
Message text written by Edoardo Bemporad } Any suggestion on proper etchant procedure to use in order to do NiTi Memory Shape alloys SEM images? Thank You in advance, Edoardo. {
I am looking to purchase several items. A cryostat, a paraffin prosessor, a freeze-substitution unit, and a freeze dryer. We need state-of-the-art equipment. Please contact me at one of the addresses below.
Thank you.
Kathy Walters / / Research Assistant III / /\ Center for Microscopy Research / /\ \ University of Iowa /_/ \ \ 85 EMRB ____ ((O)) Iowa City, Iowa 52242 | | / / || / / email: kwalters-at-emiris.iaf.uiowa.edu ----------- fax: (319)335-8049 ------------- www: http://www.uiowa.edu/~cemrf
Talk to me about joining the Iowa Microscopy Society.
Please respond to me directly, rather than on the listserve. Thank you - jpshield-at-arches.uga.edu
We are in the process of purchasing GFP filter(s) for Nikons (TE300 and Optiphot) we have at the Center. This is a multiuser facility, so naturally we sould like to have a good bit of versatility in the filter cube (if possible). Any suggestions or comments regarding wavelengths, etc... would be appreciated. Thanks ******************************************** John P. Shields Center for Ultrastructural Research Barrow Hall University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (706)542-4080 jpshield-at-arches.uga.edu ********************************************
Hi, I'm looking for someone who might be interested in doing some work for me. I am looking for sulpher in some cell membranes. You may contact me at the following address if interested.
Kathy Walters / / Research Assistant III / /\ Center for Microscopy Research / /\ \ University of Iowa /_/ \ \ 85 EMRB ____ ((O)) Iowa City, Iowa 52242 | | / / || / / email: kwalters-at-emiris.iaf.uiowa.edu ----------- fax: (319)335-8049 ------------- www: http://www.uiowa.edu/~cemrf
Our beloved Fuji Pictrography 3000 has developed a minor glitch. At a reproducible spot in the image, there is a white (or almost white ) line traveling from top to bottom (in the direction of the short width on the 8 x 5" prints). You can only see it in the gray areas of the print and it doesn't appear to traverse solid black areas (we have moved a black bar into the middle of the spot and don't see it passing thru but it is on either side). This is not a straight line but looks like a squiggly line with an amplitude of a couple of millimeters (as if a pen vibrated across the surface as the paper was traveling under it). Has anybody experienced this problem? More importantly, has anybody solved it? Thanks in advance. Tom
Thomas E. Phillips, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Director, Molecular Cytology Core Facility
3 Tucker Hall Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211 (573)-882-4712 (voice) (573)-882-0123 (fax)
Cryostat lubricants can be found in the Fisher and VWR catalogs in the Histology sections
regards, Bob Robert Schoonhoven Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Engineering University of North Carolina CB#7400 Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Phone office 919-966-6343 Lab 919-966-6140 Fax 919-966-6123
**I'm willing to make the mistakes if someone else is willing to learn from them**
Who manufacturesand/or markets the Centaurus BSE detector?
Russell E. Cook Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research Argonne National Laboratory Building 212 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, IL 60439 (630)252-7194 FAX: (630)252-4798
First you should obtain NJDEP's Chapter 28 covering Radiation Protection Programs to see what rules need to be followed. New Jersey is very strict about this topic. The current edition 5/15/95 is good for five years.
A summary table in "7:28-6.1 Permissible dose rates, radiation levels and concentrations" indicates 1.25 rems per year. However, this section is long with many exceptions. If you send me an E-Mail with the details of your question, I will do my best to answer it.
J. Roy Nelson Material Testing Laboratory Pennington, NJ (609) 730-0575 jrnelson-at-nj1.aae.com
narahari ramanuja che stnt wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Hello, } we are doing some research on protective shields for x-ray } radiation. does anyone know what is the permissible or background } radiation intensity? also on refering to an old publication by the British } Journal of Medicine, i found out that the maximum permissible dose(MPD) } for exposure of the whole body to radiation expressed in rontgens is 0.3 } per week, has this level changed or is it still the same? to calculate the } MPD, we need to know the dose rate (in r min), does anyone have some info } on this? } } it would be great if you could give me some info on these topics. } } sincerely, } } Narahari. } } ________________________________________________________________________________ } } Narahari Ramanuja } } Office : Materials Synthesis & Characterization Lab, } Dept of Materials Science & Engineering, } NJIT, } ph # 201-596-3680 } email : nxr0308-at-megahertz.njit.edu } ________________________________________________________________________________ }
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Dr. Lawrence F. Allard Senior Research Staff Member High Temperature Materials Laboratory Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Road Bldg. 4515, MS 6064 PO Box 2008 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6064
I forwarded some recent postings on negative staining for bacteriophages to a colleague. He is now interested in some details on the techniques for glow discharge and on the benefits or drawbacks of using uranyl formiate instead of uranyl acetate. If anyone could post some references or personal experiences, both he and I would be grateful.
------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
12/3/98 10:34 AM
From a Leco Corp. metallography book-1977 3000 lakeview Ave., St. Joseph, Michigan, 49085
#50 5ml acetic acid Electolytic, platinum touch wire at 1.5 volts 10ml nitric acid for 20 to 60 seconds 85ml water
# 133 50ml nitric acid Mix fresh. Swab 5 to 30 seconds or electolytic at 50ml acetic acid 5-10 volts, for 5 to 60 seconds. (Polishes at high currents).
#143 0.01-1 g Allow mixture to age a few minutes, then swab or chromium trioxide immerse a few seconds to a few minutes. 100ml HCL
# 151 10ml HF Swab 5 to 30 seconds 25ml nitric acid (Caution: Wear gloves rated for HF acid 150ml water protection-and use a fume hood).
Note: I have not personally used any of these etches but hope the information helps Edoardo Bemporad and others.
Bernard Kestel Materials Science Division, Bldg. 212 Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne Illinois, 60439
E-mail: {kestel-at-anl.gov} FAX: (630) 252-4289
--------------------------------------
Any suggestion on proper etchant procedure to use in order to do NiTi Memory Shape alloys SEM images? Thank You in advance, Edoardo.
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{P} {FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"} Any suggestion on proper etchant procedure to use in order to do NiTi Memory Shape alloys SEM images? {/FONT} {BR} {FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"} Thank You in advance, Edoardo. {/FONT} {/P}
------------------ RFC822 Header Follows ------------------ Received: by qmreceive.anl.gov with ADMIN;2 Dec 1998 12:06:39 -0600 Received: from Sparc5.Microscopy.Com (sparc5.microscopy.com [206.69.208.10]) by dns2.anl.gov (8.8.7/8.6.11) with SMTP id MAA12983; Wed, 2 Dec 1998 12:05:15 -0600 (CST) Received: (from daemon-at-localhost) by Sparc5.Microscopy.Com (8.6.11/8.6.11) id LAA10110 for dist-Microscopy; Wed, 2 Dec 1998 11:41:38 -0600 Received: from no_more_spam.com (Sparc5 [206.69.208.10]) by Sparc5.Microscopy.Com (8.6.11/8.6.11) with SMTP id LAA10104 for "MicroscopyFilteredEmail-at-msa.microscopy.com"; Wed, 2 Dec 1998 11:41:07 -0600 Received: from materials10.dimi.uniroma3.it (materials10.dimi.uniroma3.it [193.205.140.46]) by Sparc5.Microscopy.Com (8.6.11/8.6.11) with ESMTP id LAA10087 for {microscopy-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com} ; Wed, 2 Dec 1998 11:40:54 -0600 Received: by materials10.dimi.uniroma3.it with Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3) id {YD9XW0QD} ; Wed, 2 Dec 1998 18:59:42 +0100 Message-ID: {E11E487CBB27D2118BD400A0C9DF502C37DE-at-materials10.dimi.uniroma3.it}
Would someone know if there is antibody to cy3 and who carries it. I know that there are few companies that sell antibodies for FITC. Internet search gives me all the cy3 conjugates. Thank you, Lilith --------------------- Lilith Ohannessian-Barry NRC, IBS, Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0R6 CANADA Tel;613-993-6460 Fax;613-941-4475 e-mail; lilith.barry-at-nrc.ca
} } Hello all, } } I forwarded some recent postings on negative staining for bacteriophages to } a colleague. He is now interested in some details on the techniques for } glow discharge and on the benefits or drawbacks of using uranyl formiate } instead of uranyl acetate. If anyone could post some references or personal } experiences, both he and I would be grateful. } } Thank you. } } Kim
The original thread on negative staining bacteriophages was in response to a query I made. I am appending to this message a slightly condensed summary of all the replies. I haven't tried all the suggestions yet but I did get much better staining from Ammonium Hydroxide neutralized PTA. The Am Molybdate was different and needs further examination. I plan to try additional suggestions as soon as I get a fresh phage prep. The advice once again proved how useful this listserver is to me. Thanks to everybody who shared their experiences. Tom
In doing Bacteria, we found it advantagous to dilute the stain 1/30 with water. This made the Bacteria show up with good inner structure instead of "the blob".
Perhaps a more dilute solution may stain a little less, but show up fine detail better? If that doesn't work... more concentrated? ** Also did you fix the pacterophages? Fixing may help *************************** Lou Ann Miller Microscopic Imaging Lab College of Vet. Medicine U of Illinois 2001 S Lincoln Ave Urbana,Illinois 61801 217-244-1566 lamiller-at-ux1.cso.uiuc.edu
a) Did you 'glow discharge' the grid shortly before you adsorbed the drop? b) Have you tried Uranyl Formiate solution? (I think 0.75%w/w and pH around 4 should be good.) c) Have you tried lower concentration of Uranyl salt? Maybe the fine details are embedded in a thick salt layer so that you don't get any contrast there.
The procedure I normally use is: - prepare parafilm with at least 2 droplets of water (or sometimes buffer?) and another two of stain solution - glow discharge the grid for around 10 to 20 s (blue-white) - clamp it into tweezer - put 5um drop on the grid and wait... whatever.. 30 s, 60 s.... - touch with filter paper to soak solution away (blotting) - wash on first drop of water by touching the surface, blot again - repeat above step at least once - then go to stain droplet and do the same - the second stain droplet is then used to do the staining procedure, so touch the surface and wait for a few seconds (lets say 10 to 20) - blot a last time and that's it
You may not need all these steps, but I have been very successful with this technique and don't see any reason not to do it this way. If you don't have Uranyl Formiate, you can try the upper protocol with Uranyl Acetate (2% or lower). My experience is that usually it should work as nicely as UFo, but I was told that UAc does 'melt' more strongly and more quickly in the electron beam. I am looking forward to other recipies. I am very sure that you can find as many recipies as there are microscopists...
By the way, I have never been successful using PTA. Even with very sensitive proteins which don't like a low pH, I always had the best results in using Uranyl solutions.
Bettina Wolpensinger Electron Microscope Unit University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW 2052, AUSTRALIA b.wolpensinger-at-unsw.edu.au http://srv.emunit.unsw.edu.au
I'm no expert but we have had problems because of the following:
My experience with UA is that when it works it's great but it doesn't always work.
With PTA a bad batch of PTA stock could result in poor images - especially if it's old or not really a good quality reagent..
Do you adjust the pH of your PTA? It is normally fairly acid and should be adjusted to between 6 and 7 but you can experiment. We have always understood that it is best to use potassium hydroxide and not sodium hydroxide to adjust - personally I've seen little difference.
If you are using carbon coatings on your grids and clean preparations of virus maybe you need a little BSA to help spreading (not normally a problem with our samples).
If none of the above work it might be worth trying some of the newer more expensive stains like sodium silicotungstate or methylamine tungstate which can give nice results.
I suspect you may have tried most of the above, but I hope that something will help. Good Luck.
Malcolm Haswell Electron Microscopy School of Health Sciences Fleming Bldg University of Sunderland SUNDERLAND SR1 3SD Tyne and Wear UK Tel (0191) 515 2872 e-mail: malcolm.haswell-at-sunderland.ac.uk _____________________________________________________________________
Several years a go our lab switched from the traditional KPTA to NHPTA. which enhances the fine structural details often lost with more aggressive stains. Prepare a 1% solution of phosphotungstic acid , then pH the stain with 1N ammonium hydroxide to 6.5 and / or 7.0. Regards, Skip } From: L R MELSEN {lmelsen-at-emory.edu} _____________________________________________________________________ When you stain (this is for t4 and UAC) allow four to eight drops of stain I use, almost as routine, ammonium molibdate, 1 or 2% in water with very good results (for visualize African swine fever virus, herpesvirus, rotaviruses, polyomaviruses, adenoviruses). My protocol: (1) a drop of the virus containing pellet over a carbon coated grid; (2) wash in situ with 5-7 drops of negative stain; (3) dry with paper filter.
J.F.Moura Nunes Lab. Electron Microscopy Portuguese Cancer Institute 1093 Lisbon Codex Portugal
_____________________________________________________________________ When you stain (this is for t4 and UAC) allow four to eight drops of stain to drip on and off the grid. This works well if you hold the grid at a 45 degree angle. If you wash try 0.1mNaCl. Water can osmotically shock the specimen. Bob BOB-at-befvax.uchicago.edu
____________________________________________________________________ I would only add to Paul Webster's and other's comments that an amorphous carbon film that has been glow-discharged in a partial vacuum with air for about 60 seconds is pretty hard to beat when it comes to a substrate for negative staining. We used this procedure for T4 on one of my (numerous) postdocs in the Dept. of Microbiology at the Biozentrum in Basel. We never found anything to beat it. The stain spreads beautifully on the surface.
Robert (Bob) Chiovetti Microimaging Technologies, Inc. Tucson, Arizona USA Tel. / Fax (520) 546-4986 rchiovetti-at-aol.com
_____________________________________________________________________ In addition to the many recipes for stains you must be receiving, you might also like to try a simple "low-dose" imaging protocol. I have found when using negative stains that the image selection and focussing procedures can damage fragile structures in the sample. Focussing on an area close to a particle and then moving over to take the picture can help prevent this. If you own a newer TEM, you might even have a low dose capability built in. I have found this method very useful for small, fragile samples, even when coated with thick films of aqueous uranyl acetate or phosphotungstic acid.
Alternatively, the support film might be too thick to image the fine detail. Is your grid carbon coated, as you post, or is it formvar/carbon coated, which is more usual? Carbon alone offers more for high resolution work. Finally, have you checked out the vibrations affecting the microscope? High resolution requires stable conditions. Check out my web site for a brief summary of the options {http://www.hei.org/htm/neg.htm} . I look forward to postings containing stain receipies.
Paul Webster, Ph.D House Ear Institute 2100 West Third Street Los Angeles, CA 90057 phone:213 273 8026 fax: 213 413 6739 e-mail: pwebster-at-hei.org http://www.hei.org/htm/aemi.htm
_____________________________________________________________________ Try 3% ammonium molybdate pH 7.2 , I have good results with it.
Ann Fook Yang EM Unit Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 960 Carling Ave Central Experimental Farm Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1A 0C6 Tel.: 613-759-1638 Fax: 613-759-1701
e-mail:yanga-at-em.agr.ca
_____________________________________________________________________ Look up work by this expert:
Ackermann HW. Krisch HM. Felix d'Herelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Canada. A catalogue of T4-type bacteriophages. [Review] [115 refs] Archives of Virology. 142(12):2329-45, 1997.
Sara E. Miller, Ph. D. P. O. Box 3020 Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC 27710 Ph: 919 684-3452 FAX: 919 684-8735 Thomas E. Phillips, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Director, Molecular Cytology Core Facility
3 Tucker Hall Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211 (573)-882-4712 (voice) (573)-882-0123 (fax) --============_-1299405738==_ma============ Content-Type: text/enriched; charset="us-ascii"
}
} Hello all,
}
} I forwarded some recent postings on negative staining for bacteriophages to
} a colleague. He is now interested in some details on the techniques for
} glow discharge and on the benefits or drawbacks of using uranyl formiate
} instead of uranyl acetate. If anyone could post some references or personal
} experiences, both he and I would be grateful.
}
} Thank you.
}
} Kim
The original thread on negative staining bacteriophages was in response to a query I made. I am appending to this message a slightly condensed summary of all the replies. I haven't tried all the suggestions yet but I did get much better staining from Ammonium Hydroxide neutralized PTA. The Am Molybdate was different and needs further examination. I plan to try additional suggestions as soon as I get a fresh phage prep. The advice once again proved how useful this listserver is to me. Thanks to everybody who shared their experiences. Tom
In doing Bacteria, we found it advantagous to dilute the stain 1/30 with water. This made the Bacteria show up with good inner structure instead of "the blob".
Perhaps a more dilute solution may stain a little less, but show up fine detail better? If that doesn't work... more concentrated? ** Also did you fix the pacterophages? Fixing may help
***************************
Lou Ann Miller Microscopic Imaging Lab College of Vet. Medicine U of Illinois
2001 S Lincoln Ave Urbana,Illinois 61801 217-244-1566 lamiller-at-ux1.cso.uiuc.edu
a) Did you 'glow discharge' the grid shortly before you adsorbed the drop?
b) Have you tried Uranyl Formiate solution? (I think 0.75%w/w and pH around 4 should be good.)
c) Have you tried lower concentration of Uranyl salt? Maybe the fine details are embedded in a thick salt layer so that you don't get any contrast there.
The procedure I normally use is:
- prepare parafilm with at least 2 droplets of water (or sometimes buffer?) and
another two of stain solution
- glow discharge the grid for around 10 to 20 s (blue-white)
- clamp it into tweezer
- put 5um drop on the grid and wait... whatever.. 30 s, 60 s....
- touch with filter paper to soak solution away (blotting)
- wash on first drop of water by touching the surface, blot again
- repeat above step at least once
- then go to stain droplet and do the same
- the second stain droplet is then used to do the staining procedure, so touch
the surface and wait for a few seconds (lets say 10 to 20)
- blot a last time and that's it
You may not need all these steps, but I have been very successful with this technique and don't see any reason not to do it this way. If you don't have Uranyl Formiate, you can try the upper protocol with Uranyl Acetate (2% or lower). My experience is that usually it should work as nicely as UFo, but I was told that UAc does 'melt' more strongly and more quickly in the electron beam. I am looking forward to other recipies. I am very sure that you can find as many recipies as there are microscopists...
By the way, I have never been successful using PTA. Even with very sensitive proteins which don't like a low pH, I always had the best results in using Uranyl solutions.
Bettina Wolpensinger Electron Microscope Unit University of New South Wales
Sydney, NSW 2052, AUSTRALIA b.wolpensinger-at-unsw.edu.au http://srv.emunit.unsw.edu.au
I'm no expert but we have had problems because of the following:
My experience with UA is that when it works it's great but it doesn't always work.
With PTA a bad batch of PTA stock could result in poor images - especially if it's old or not really a good quality reagent..
Do you adjust the pH of your PTA? It is normally fairly acid and should be
adjusted to between 6 and 7 but you can experiment. We have always understood that it is best to use potassium hydroxide and not sodium hydroxide to adjust - personally I've seen little difference.
If you are using carbon coatings on your grids and clean preparations of virus maybe you need a little BSA to help spreading (not normally a problem with our samples).
If none of the above work it might be worth trying some of the newer more expensive stains like sodium silicotungstate or methylamine tungstate which can give nice results.
I suspect you may have tried most of the above, but I hope that something will help. Good Luck.
Malcolm Haswell Electron Microscopy School of Health Sciences Fleming Bldg
University of Sunderland SUNDERLAND SR1 3SD Tyne and Wear UK
Tel (0191) 515 2872 e-mail: malcolm.haswell-at-sunderland.ac.uk
Several years a go our lab switched from the traditional KPTA to NHPTA. which enhances the fine structural details often lost with more aggressive stains. Prepare a 1% solution of phosphotungstic acid , then pH the stain with 1N ammonium hydroxide to 6.5 and / or 7.0.
When you stain (this is for t4 and UAC) allow four to eight drops of stain I use, almost as routine, ammonium molibdate, 1 or 2% in water with very good results (for visualize African swine fever virus, herpesvirus, rotaviruses, polyomaviruses, adenoviruses). My protocol: (1) a drop of the virus containing pellet over a carbon coated grid; (2) wash in situ with 5-7 drops of negative stain; (3) dry with paper filter.
J.F.Moura Nunes Lab. Electron Microscopy
Portuguese Cancer Institute 1093 Lisbon Codex Portugal
When you stain (this is for t4 and UAC) allow four to eight drops of stain to drip on and off the grid. This works well if you hold the grid at a 45 degree angle. If you wash try 0.1mNaCl. Water can osmotically shock the specimen.
In addition to the many recipes for stains you must be receiving, you might also like to try a simple "low-dose" imaging protocol. I have found when using negative stains that the image selection and focussing procedures can damage fragile structures in the sample. Focussing on an area close to a particle and then moving over to take the picture can help prevent this. If you own a newer TEM, you might even have a low dose capability built in. I have found this method very useful for small, fragile samples, even when coated with thick films of aqueous uranyl acetate or phosphotungstic acid.
Alternatively, the support film might be too thick to image the fine detail. Is your grid carbon coated, as you post, or is it formvar/carbon coated, which is more usual? Carbon alone offers more for high resolution work. Finally, have you checked out the vibrations affecting the microscope? High resolution requires stable conditions. Check out my web site for a brief summary of the options { {http://www.hei.org/htm/neg.htm} . I look forward to postings containing stain receipies.
Paul Webster, Ph.D House Ear Institute 2100 West Third Street Los Angeles, CA 90057 phone:213 273 8026 fax: 213 413 6739 e-mail: pwebster-at-hei.org
{!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN"} {HTML} {HEAD}
{META content=3Dtext/html;charset=3Diso-8859-1 = http-equiv=3DContent-Type} {META content=3D'"MSHTML 4.72.3110.7"' name=3DGENERATOR} {/HEAD} {BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} I understand that there is = information on=20 scanning and digital cameras at this address. Is that true and how do I = access=20 it {/FONT} {/DIV} {/BODY} {/HTML}
Thanks to all who replied. For those of you who might want the information, the Centaurus back-scattered electron detector can be found in the USA at:
http://www.gwelectronics.com/backed.htm
GW Electronics Inc. 6981 Peachtree Industrial Blvd. Norcross, GA 30092-3601 Tel: 770-449-0707 800-325-5556
Mark Massey of EDAX Europe told me that they are manufactured by KE Developments in the UK: K. E. Development Limited The Mount, Toft Cambridge CB3 7RL UK Tel: +44 1223 263 948 Fax: +44 1223 263 532
Russell E. Cook Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research Argonne National Laboratory Building 212 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, IL 60439 (630)252-7194 FAX: (630)252-4798
NiTi alloys are very sensitive to structural damage during polishing. Be sure to use care in mechanical polishing or use electro-polishing.
Electro-polish: 20% H2SO4 in MeOH 28-29v for 1-5 min.
Immersion etch: similar to ASTM etch No. 151 and ASTM etch No. 209 14.1ml HNO3 3.2ml HF 82.7ml H2O submerge for 10-15 sec. with gentile agitation.
Good luck Sam. O. Mancuso Group Leader, Physical-Mechanical Metallurgy Special Metals Corporation 4317 Middle Settlement Road New Hartford, New York 13413 U.S.A. {} {} {} Phone: (315) 798-2920 Fax: (315) 798-2001 email: mancuso4-at-ix.netcom.com
-----Original Message----- } From: Edoardo Bemporad [mailto:e.bemporad-at-materials10.dimi.uniroma3.it] Sent: Wednesday, December 02, 1998 9:56 AM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Dear Kim: An excellent reference on glow discharging is in Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy 8:107-135 (1982) by Dubochet, Groom and Mueller- Neuteboom. Don Gantz Boston Univ Med School gantz-at-med-biophd.bu.edu
OK, well I have really done it now - bought a whole TEM sectioning workstation in order to get the glass knife breaker. I am an LM type who is starting to use glass knives for some of my sectioning work (that is another story). Anyway, this has created two problems:
1. I need a copy of the manual for an LKB 7801-B knife breaker so I can get going with this project. I think I remember how from my grad school days, but would be a lot more confident with a copy of the manual. Would be happy to pay for the copying and postage charges.
2. I am left with an LKB Ultrotome III in what is reported to be good working condition - this is surplus to my rather simple needs (I am currently doing my sectioning on a nice old Lipshaw microtome). The microtome consists of the mail unit (8800), the control unit (8802-A), the base (8809-A), and the illuminator base for the sterio microscope head (no sterio microscope of course). Again, I have not used this unit, so I can not vouch for it's mechanical/operating condition - it is clean and apparently complete. I would be open to reasonable offers - biased in favor of someone in the Washington DC - Baltimore, MD area. This thing is HEAVY, and I would have to be pretty well compensated to want to build a proper crate for it. It would be much easier for someone to pick it up, or at least if I could arrange to meet someone half way. As they say, money is always nice, but interesting trades for LM equipment are also quite possible (my lab is based on old Leitz 170mm Ortholux and Laborlux scopes, and a variety of AO and B&L sterio scopes - those I need more of always).
Thanks for any assistance.
Stephen Poe - I can also be reached at my at-home E-mail address spoefish-at-mindspring.com
The Centaurus BSE detector is marketed by GW Electronics, (770)449-0707.
Best regards,
Angela
} Who manufacturesand/or markets the Centaurus BSE detector? } } Russell E. Cook } Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research } Argonne National Laboratory } Building 212 } 9700 South Cass Avenue } Argonne, IL 60439 } (630)252-7194 } FAX: (630)252-4798 } --------------------------------------------- Angela V. Klaus
Manager - Core Microscopy Facility American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York, NY 10024-5192 USA
OK, well I have really done it now - bought a whole TEM sectioning workstation in order to get the glass knife breaker. I am an LM type who is starting to use glass knives for some of my sectioning work (that is another story). Anyway, this has created two problems:
1. I need a copy of the manual for an LKB 7801-B knife breaker so I can get going with this project. I think I remember how from my grad school days, but would be a lot more confident with a copy of the manual. Would be happy to pay for the copying and postage charges.
2. I am left with an LKB Ultrotome III in what is reported to be good working condition - this is surplus to my rather simple needs (I am currently doing my sectioning on a nice old Lipshaw microtome). The microtome consists of the mail unit (8800), the control unit (8802-A), the base (8809-A), and the illuminator base for the sterio microscope head (no sterio microscope of course). Again, I have not used this unit, so I can not vouch for it's mechanical/operating condition - it is clean and apparently complete. I would be open to reasonable offers - biased in favor of someone in the Washington DC - Baltimore, MD area. This thing is HEAVY, and I would have to be pretty well compensated to want to build a proper crate for it. It would be much easier for someone to pick it up, or at least if I could arrange to meet someone half way. As they say, money is always nice, but interesting trades for LM equipment are also quite possible (my lab is based on old Leitz 170mm Ortholux and Laborlux scopes, and a variety of AO and B&L sterio scopes - those I need more of always).
Thanks for any assistance.
Stephen Poe - I can also be reached at my at-home E-mail address spoefish-at-mindspring.com
OK, well I have really done it now - bought a whole TEM sectioning workstation in order to get the glass knife breaker. I am an LM type who is starting to use glass knives for some of my sectioning work (that is another story). Anyway, this has created two problems:
1. I need a copy of the manual for an LKB 7801-B knife breaker so I can get going with this project. I think I remember how from my grad school days, but would be a lot more confident with a copy of the manual. Would be happy to pay for the copying and postage charges.
2. I am left with an LKB Ultrotome III in what is reported to be good working condition - this is surplus to my rather simple needs (I am currently doing my sectioning on a nice old Lipshaw microtome). The microtome consists of the mail unit (8800), the control unit (8802-A), the base (8809-A), and the illuminator base for the sterio microscope head (no sterio microscope of course). Again, I have not used this unit, so I can not vouch for it's mechanical/operating condition - it is clean and apparently complete. I would be open to reasonable offers - biased in favor of someone in the Washington DC - Baltimore, MD area. This thing is HEAVY, and I would have to be pretty well compensated to want to build a proper crate for it. It would be much easier for someone to pick it up, or at least if I could arrange to meet someone half way. As they say, money is always nice, but interesting trades for LM equipment are also quite possible (my lab is based on old Leitz 170mm Ortholux and Laborlux scopes, and a variety of AO and B&L sterio scopes - those I need more of always).
Thanks for any assistance.
Stephen Poe - I can also be reached at my at-home E-mail address spoefish-at-mindspring.com
I've been batting my head against my Fischione Jet Polisher trying to figure this one out! Please help if you can. My original material is full of lovely voids and pits, Si particles are around 10 microns, and at a thickness of 150 to 200 microns I have experienced some holes that go all the way through the material. If I try initial thinning of the sample on less than 500 grit SiC paper I get even more particle pullout...Any ideas?
} Our sputter coater (ISI PS-2) just died. I need parts for it and was } hoping that someone may have an old one setting around that I could } get for parts. I would also consider a used sputter coater of any } make that you may want to sell.
} Thank you
} Marty Reed } Equipment Technician } Biology Department } Humboldt State University
Dear Marty,
The ISI PS-2 sputter coater was made by us way back in the early 1970s during our days as Polaron Equipment Ltd. Although the PS-2 has not been manufactured for many years we do still carry some spare parts. For further information please contact our local distributor, Energy Beam Sciences Inc. EBS ebs-at-ebsciences.com tel: 413 786 9322
Please note our new address, telephone and fax number for any enquiries concerning the Polaron range
Best regards Mike Wombwell Polaron range Business Manager V G Microtech The Birches Industrial Estate Imberhorne Lane East Grinstead West Sussex RH19 1UB UK Direct line: +44 (0)1342 310296 Switchboard: +44 (0)1342 327211 Fax: +44 (0)1342 315074 http://www.vgmicrotech.com/polaron-range E&OE
Dear Dorrance Before I will be able to suggest some advice, I would need more information.
} My original material is full of } lovely voids and pits, Si particles are around 10 microns, and at a } thickness of 150 to 200 microns I have experienced some holes that go all } the way through the material.
Firstly what is your original material? That will determine quite a few tings Eg. rate of thinning vs Si particle thinning rate.
} If I try initial thinning of the sample on } less than 500 grit SiC paper I get even more particle pullout...Any ideas? How is your sample "hold' in order to polish. Is it already 3mm diameter or will you punch the disks later. what lubrication do you use if any. } } Thanks in advance for any help. Mr. S H Coetzee Tell: (011) 716 2419 Electron Microscope Unit Fax: (011) 339 3407 Private bag X3 E-mail: Stephan-at-gecko.biol.wits.ac.za Wits Johannesburg 2050
We are considering looking for a Wavelength-Dispersive Spectrometer to improve our detection of sodium in biological samples, reasoning that the better energy resolution of the detector will result in narrower, taller peaks with the same background level, yielding improved peak-to-background ratios.
Our samples are frozen hydrated and dried biological tissues; we would like to be able to differentiate 50mMolar from 150mMolar sodium (0.25 and .75% by weight in hydrated samples).
Our present EDS detector has a semi-thin window and is doing better than average for sodium and we would prefer not going to an ultrathin window or windowless detector.
Might we expect a significant improvement with WDS?
Does anyone know of a spectrometer that might be donated?
Your comments and suggestions will be appreciated.
Thanks,
Jacob
Jacob Bastacky, M.D. Room 116 Donner Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California Berkeley, California 94720 Telephones: 510.486.4606 office, 510.486.4605 lab, 510.845.8031 fax email: sjbastacky-at-lbl.gov
I am sure that I am not the only one who runs into problems with color representation when printing out fluorescence (RGB) images on paper. I think that I am aware of the cause for the problem, but I got no final solution for it.
While fluorescence images (and other images representing brightness values as pure red, green or blue colors) look pretty well on the monitor or when presented as a slide or with a laser beamer (working in RGB mode), the translation of channels into colors renders pure colors and most color combinations too dark on the printout. This color translation has, in principle, nothing to do with the translation of RGB colors into YMCK printer colors by the printer driver, but is rather a consequence of a one-to-one translation of channels into pure colors. For instance, printing pixels representing bright green fluorescence (e.g. the maximum brightness value of 255 at 8 bit resolution per channel) results in a saturated green (maximum green value) on the printout, which appears too dark to the eye. Remembering bright green fluorescence in the microscope, our eyes await to see a bright green color (white/green) on the printout, which may be represented by a certain mixture of green, red and blue (or the respective mixture of CMYK printer colors).
I think what would help would be a good look-up table or a set of tables (or, e.g., a Photoshop macro) to represent fluorescence images (single channels and channel combinations) appropriately on different color printer types (laser, inkjet and thermotransfer/thermoosublimation printers). Experimenting with Photoshop (and other software's) parameters (brightness and saturation corrections etc.) did not result in a color representation I think (and dream) of, and is error-prone.
I am aware of the fact that, in general, printers cannot represent the whole RGB color space (especially green colors), but I think that good look-up tables or macros could help a lot.
Thanks in advance
Guenter
---------------------------------- Dr. Guenter Giese MPI fuer Medizinische Forschung Jahnstr. 29 D-69120 Heidelberg Phone (Germany or 0-)6221-486-320 Fax (Germany or 0-)6221-486-325 e-mail: ggiese-at-mzf.mpimf-heidelberg.mpg.de ------------------------------------------
Tong, If you can use tungsten for your application, McCrone Accessories and Components sells pre-made probes and will also sell you tungsten wire and sodium nitrite so you can etch your own wire down to the desired size. No financial interest in McCrone, just a satisfied customer.
Vern Rieck Quality Engineer Aavid Thermal Products, Inc. 603-629-2224 direct 603-666-4100 main fax 603-669-2044 rieck-at-aavid.com
-----Original Message----- From: Tong Wang [SMTP:tong-at-jlab.org] Sent: Thursday, December 03, 1998 11:50 AM To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com Subject: fine metal tip used in microscopy
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Some information on a new listserver recently set up. I encourage you to join Please display in your institution.
Many thanks,
Rik Brydson
********************************************************** LEMAS Listserver for Electron Microscopy and Analytical Spectroscopy
o Designed to encourage international discussion of all aspects of electron microscopy and microanalytical spectroscopies in both the physical and biological sciences.
o Designed to promote international information exchange (e.g. tips, ideas, meetings, conferences) and determination of best practice in EM and analysis.
o Designed to provide a forum for new researchers to gain expertise.
Please subscribe now and encourage your students/supervisor/colleagues to also join up. Strength lies in the subscribers !
Nb. List is unmoderated, however, abusers and junk-mailers will be unsubscribed immediately.
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Send this message to mailbase-at-mailbase.ac.uk join lemas "firstname lastname" but type your own personal names instead of 'firstname' and 'lastname' E.g. join lemas Ernst Ruska You'll then get an automatic message from the Mailbase computer, containing a unique code. You'll have to confirm your membership by sending back a message like this: accept xxxx where xxx is the code sent to you. This allows the Mailbase computer to check your email address.
LIST-OWNER: Dr Rik Brydson, Department Of Materials, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
********************************************************** _____________________________ Dr. Rik Brydson, University Research Fellow, Electron Optical Unit, Department of Materials, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
Jacob Bastacky wrote: } } We are considering looking for a Wavelength-Dispersive Spectrometer to } improve our detection of sodium in biological samples, reasoning that the } better energy resolution of the detector will result in narrower, taller } peaks with the same background level, yielding improved peak-to-background } ratios.
This is correct. } } Our samples are frozen hydrated and dried biological tissues; we would like } to be able to differentiate 50mMolar from 150mMolar sodium (0.25 and .75% } by weight in hydrated samples). } This should be pretty straight-forward. } } Might we expect a significant improvement with WDS? } Yes.
} Does anyone know of a spectrometer that might be donated?
One permanant media that we have used is Molecular Probes "Pro-Long Anti-Fade. It dries hard and we store them at room temp with our histochemically stained specimens. I don't know if I would call it totally permanant. Samples still do fade with time and exposure.
Bob
On Thu, 3 Dec 1998, Amanda Harman wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } I would be grateful if anyone could tell me if there is a fluorescent } mounting media that is permanent? } Amanda Harman. } } } }
This is a basic question for the materials scientists. I am interested in finding a simple reference which might delineate the different types of stainless steel, including relative hardness, tensile strength, etc. I'm also interested in seeing the same information plus the electrical characteristics of the various alloys of indium. In this case, melting points are of interest, and the exact formulae of "Wood's metal" and another that we use called "Cerralloy". Many thanks- Grace
IUMAS 2000, The 2000 Meeting of the International Union of Microbeam=20 Analysis Societies, will be held at The King Kamehameha Hotel in=20 Kailua-Kona, HawaiiJuly 9th-13th 2000=00.
This meeting is jointly sponsored by MAS, the European MAS, The Japanese=20 MAS, the Chinese MAS, the Australian MAS and the Korean MAS. Check out the= =20 information at:
John Mansfield PhD CPhys MInstP North Campus Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory 417 SRB, University of Michigan 2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor MI 48109-2143 Phone: (734) 936-3352 FAX (734) 936-3352 Cellular Phone: (734) 358-7555 (Leaving a phone message at 936-3352 is preferable to 358-7555) Email: jfmjfm-at-engin.umich.edu URL: http://emalwww.engin.umich.edu/people/jfmjfm/jfmjfm.html Location: Lat. 42=B0 16' 48" Long. 83=B0 43' 48"
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Hi Dorrance,
Silicon Carbide abrasive is one of your main problems. You need to use diamond for thinning. Silicon carbide does not cut silicon very well, in fact it will fracture it and that is why you are getting pullout. Try diamond lapping film with some glycol as the lubricant.
Good Luck,
Gary Liechty Allied High Tech Products, Inc.
McLean, Dorrance wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Dear All, } } I've been batting my head against my Fischione Jet Polisher trying to figure } this one out! Please help if you can. My original material is full of } lovely voids and pits, Si particles are around 10 microns, and at a } thickness of 150 to 200 microns I have experienced some holes that go all } the way through the material. If I try initial thinning of the sample on } less than 500 grit SiC paper I get even more particle pullout...Any ideas? } } Thanks in advance for any help. } } Dorrance
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I am evaluating FEG semi-in-lens SEMs for possible purchase. I am interested in BSE imaging at low acc. voltages ( {3kV). I would like to get some feedback as to people's experiences with using BSE mode at low voltages. Specifically, what kind of detectors are being used and what kind of results? What is the lowest acc. voltage that you can reasonably use and still get good results. Thanks,
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Hello Grace,
Contact ASM International in Ohio, 800-336-5152 for infomation on books that will have what you are seeking.
Yours Truly,
Gary Liechty Allied High Tech Products, Inc.
Grace Kennedy wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } This is a basic question for the materials scientists. I am interested in } finding a simple reference which might delineate the different types of } stainless steel, including relative hardness, tensile strength, etc. I'm } also interested in seeing the same information plus the electrical } characteristics of the various alloys of indium. In this case, melting } points are of interest, and the exact formulae of "Wood's metal" and } another that we use called "Cerralloy". Many thanks- Grace
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Dear Jacob, The improvement of the WDX peak-to-background ratio over the EDX is even more because the background is much lower. The detection limit is much lower, so it is easier to quantify levels such as yours, which are close to the EDX detection level. The problems of WDX are first: high cost and second:, the need for a flat sample with exact geometry to the electron beam. You must also run standards that are exactly the same geometry. The WDX is much fussier than EDX on sample geometry and the analyses generally take much longer, but have higher precision and lower detection level. I have no experience with biological samples on the WDX, but there is a listserver for microprobe analysis, i.e. WDX analysis. To subscribe to the microprobe listserver use: microprobe-at-www.microanalysis.org, to post to it use: microprobe-at-microanalysis.org. I don't know of any WDX spectrometers for donation, there aren't that many around and they have to fit your SEM model.
You wrote: } } We are considering looking for a Wavelength-Dispersive Spectrometer to } improve our detection of sodium in biological samples, reasoning that the } better energy resolution of the detector will result in narrower, taller } peaks with the same background level, yielding improved peak-to-background } ratios. } } Our samples are frozen hydrated and dried biological tissues; we would like } to be able to differentiate 50mMolar from 150mMolar sodium (0.25 and .75% } by weight in hydrated samples). } } Our present EDS detector has a semi-thin window and is doing better than } average for sodium and we would prefer not going to an ultrathin window or } windowless detector. } } Might we expect a significant improvement with WDS? } } Does anyone know of a spectrometer that might be donated? } } Your comments and suggestions will be appreciated. } } Thanks, } } Jacob } } Jacob Bastacky, M.D.
Regards, Mary Mary Mager Electron Microscopist Metals and Materials Engineering University of British Columbia 6350 Stores Road Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 CANADA tel: 604-822-5648 fax: 604-822-3619 e-mail: mager-at-interchg.ubc.ca
Hi Listserver! I am doing some immunohistochemistry and have made two attempts but with no luck at getting any gold label. My question is whether to use a lower dilution gold-antibody or extend the incubation from 4 hours to overnight or both? I am a self-confessed rookie at this, so any information on the subject would be appreciated .
Position Available University of Central Florida Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC)
The Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC) is seeking candidates for a position as Assistant in Research to support the Materials Characterization Facility (MCF). The individual must have a Bachelor degree from an accredited institution in an appropriate area of study related to surface science and materials characterization, and have at least three years of experience in materials characterization or related areas. The person will be responsible for establishing and maintaining laboratory infrastructure, laboratory maintenance, equipment installation, operation and maintenance, and be an investigator in contracted research. The person must be able to conduct independent research and development in materials characterization with an emphasis in electron beam technology and have the ability to instruct students in the use and interpretation of data. The individual must have extensive knowledge and experience in the operation, maintenance and interpretation of materials characterization equipment. The salary range starts at $35,000 and is negotiable dependent on level and experience of the individual. The application opening date is December 18, 1998 and the closing date is December 31, 1998. Applicants should send a vitae and references to Dr. Lucille Giannuzzi, Director, Materials Characterization Facility, AMPAC Administrative Offices, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 408, Orlando, FL 32826. UCF is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. As an agency of the State of Florida, all application materials and selection procedures are available for public review.
************************************************************************** Lucille A. Giannuzzi, Ph.D. phone: 407 823-4770 University of Central Florida fax: 407 823-0208 Materials Science Program email: lag-at-pegasus.cc.ucf.edu Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Eng. Orlando, FL 32816-2450 **************************************************************************
Scott asks ... } } ... } } I am evaluating FEG semi-in-lens SEMs for possible purchase. I am } interested in BSE imaging at low acc. voltages ( {3kV). ...
I am unfamiliar with the geometry for "semi-in-lens" vs a BSE detector which would need line-of-sight to the interaction spot on the sample. How does this work???
cheerios, shAf
{} /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ cogito, ergo zZOooOM /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ {} Michael Shaffer, R.A. - ICQ 210524 Geological Science's Electron Probe Facility - University of Oregon mshaf-at-darkwing.uoregon.edu - http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~mshaf/
Hello all We have recently had a number of users who have come from different places in the world, and use different conventions for whether sections/formar go on the shiny side of the grid or the dull side.
This lab uses the dull side, and has considered that the convention. If it ain't broke don't fix it.
As long as the user is consistent with his/her own grids, there is no problem, but when looking at collegues grids from another lab, it can lead to a few annoyances.
We have been making our own formvar or pioloform-coated grids and putting the formvar or pioloform on the dull side. One of my users has bought made-up-grids where the coating was on the shiny side. At least two other labs here use the shiny side for sections.
Is there a difference to the sides of the grid that makes one side better than the other? Elaine
Dr. Elaine Humphrey Biosciences Electron Microscopy Facility University of British Columbia 6270 University Blvd, mail-stop Botany Vancouver, BC CANADA, V6T 1Z4 Phone: 604-822-3354 FAX: 604-822-6089 e-mail: ech-at-unixg.ubc.ca
We have recently had a number of users who have come from different places in the world, and use different conventions for whether sections/formar go on the shiny side of the grid or the dull side.
RESPONSE:
This is a good basic question - one that many microscopists have asked when coating grids with various plastic substrates. This question has even been studied in a scientific manner over the years and the conclusion has generally been that the dull side appears to hold on to the film more tenaceously than the shiny side. Now, I must admit that I started out using the shiny side and resisted going dull for many years (in reference to grids not sense of humor). I finally did a test and found that there was less drift and better film adhesion on the dull side.
Now a caveat: examine carefully the two sides of the grids and check if there are noticeable burrs or curvature to the grids (especially the latter). You should place the plastic film so that it is in maximal contact with the grid. So, if the grid is slightly bent, make sure the film goes on the convex side. Reason: on the concave side the film is suspended over the concavity and you will get a lot of drift. I have noticed that some slot grids have such a concavity and it may require you to place the film on the "shiny" side in this case.
So, generally speaking, place the film on the dull side of the grid unless the grid is dished or bent. In order to further facilitate adhesion of the film, some people place a drop of diluted plastic (like Formvar at 0.02%) on top of grids while on a filter paper. When dried, the thin plastic film has an affinity for the substrate or film that you finally place onto the grid for supporting sections, etc.
#################################################################### John J. Bozzola, Ph.D., Director Center for Electron Microscopy Neckers Building, Room 146 - B Wing Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901 U.S.A. Phone: 618-453-3730 Fax: 618-453-2665 Email: bozzola-at-siu.edu Web: http://www.siu.edu/departments/shops/cem.html ####################################################################
{bold} {italic} Physics Today {/italic} {/bold} (Nov. 1998, p. 70):
"... this book is a unique, cutting-edge text on smart materials ... it is recommended as an adjunct to device design books used for engineers as well as scientists during the development of smart devices and structures."
{bold} {italic} {bigger} Science {/bigger} {/italic} {/bold} (Vol. 281, 10 July 1998, p. 181):
"The authors consider the atomic scale crystal structure and chemistry of oxides with physical and chemical properties that are sensitive to changes in the environment such as temperature, pressure, electric or magnetic fields, pH, and optical wavelength. They explain relationships among different structures and explore approaches to characterizing and synthesizing these important components for electronic devices"
{bold} {italic} COMMENTS FROM EXPERTS IN THE FIELD:
{/italic} {/bold}
"Both new in concept and timely in publication....Bring together, for the first time, the fundamental of atomic scale crystal structure and chemistry... A cutting-edge text at the forefront of the modern materials revolution"
- Professor David B. Williams, Lehigh University, USA
"Unique...focuses specifically on the intrinsic connections among several crystal structure systems and their evolution behavior...Fills a gap left in the field ... This book will be a basic reference in the domain of oxides which are to be the basis of functional and smart materials"
- Professor C. Boulesteix, Universite Aix-Marseille, France.
"In materials science the spotlight is on functional and smart materials, since they are important components for electronic devices. The textbook by Wang and Kang summarizes all types of known functional materials and describes the structure evolution problems. A large section of the book is devoted to structural characterization focusing on transmission electron microscopy, the main field of expertise of the author. The book is extremely valuable for materials scientists working on functional oxide materials, studying the structure, structure evolution and defects. It may serve also as an interesting textbook for teaching since it gives a good overview of this field which is of increasing importance. The clarity of its writing style should make it ideally suited for graduate students."
- Professor Manfred Ruhle, Institte of Werkstoffwissenschaft, Germany=20
Contents
Part I
STRUCTURE AND STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION=20
1. Structure, Bonding and Properties
1.1 Crystal structure
1.2 Structure and chemical composition
1.2.1 Stoichiometric phases
1.2.2 Non-stoichiometric phases
1.3 Coordination number and coordination polyhedron
1.4 Isotypism and polymorphism
1.5 Structure and chemical bonding
1.5.1 Bonding and ion radius
1.5.2 Lattice energy of an ionic compound
1.5.3 Geometric consideration of a structure
1.5.4 The rules of Pauling and Baur
1.5.5 Covalent bonding
1.6 Ligand field theory
1.6.1 Octahedral coordination
1.6.2 Tetrahedral coordination
1.6.3 Square coordination
1.7 Ligand field stabilization energy
1.8 Coordination polyhedra of transition metals
1.9 Molecular orbital theory of bonding
1.9.1 Molecular orbitals
1.9.2 Hybridization
1.10 Band theory
1.10.1 The Peierls distortion
1.10.2 Two- and three-dimensional bonds
1.11 Mixed valent compounds and functional materials
1.12 Structure transformation and stability
1.12.1 Phase diagram
1.12.2 Thermodynamic stability
1.13 Properties of materials
1.13.1 Mechanical Property
1.13.2 Magnetic property
1.13.3 Piezoelectric property
1.13.4 Ferroelectric property
1.13.5 Optical property
1.13.6 Electric property
1.14 Structure and property
1.15 Functional materials
1.15.1 Characteristics of functional materials
1.15.2 Structural evolution and functionality
1.16 Summary
2. Sodium Chloride and Rutile Related Structure Systems
2.1 Rock salt structure
2.2 Non-stoichiometric compounds with sodium chloride structure
2.3 Rutile structure and its family
2.4 Characteristics of rutile structures
2.5 Evolution of rutile-type structures
2.6 Non-stoichiometry and crystallographic shear planes
2.7 Summary
3. Perovskite and Related Structure Systems=20
3.1 Characteristics of ABO3 type perovskite structure
3.1.1 Vertex-sharing of oxygen octahedra
3.1.2 Unit cell by taking A cation as the origin
3.1.3 Oxygen cubic close-packing
3.1.4 Anion close-packing and formation of tetrahedron and octahedron
3.2 Possible types of anion-deficient perovskite structures
3.2.1 The 14 fundamental structure units
3.2.2 Constructing the family of perovskite related structures
3.3 The tolerance factor
3.4 Functional materials with perovskite-like structures
3.4.1 Ferroelectricity and ferroelectric compounds
3.4.2 Ferromagnetism and ferromagnetic compounds
3.4.3 Insulator to conductor transition
3.4.4 Conductive perovskites
3.4.4.1 Valence disproportionationality
3.4.4.2 Dimensionality
3.4.4.3 Building the structures of high temperature superconductors using perovskite structure units
3.4.5 Magnetostrictive, electrostrictive and piezoelectric actuator materials
3.4.6 Optically switchable compounds
3.5 Doping and oxygen vacancies
3.6 Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and colossal magnetoresistance (CMR)
3.7 Oxygen migration and ionic conductivity of perovskites=20
3.8 Anion deficiency induced perovskite to brownmillerite structural evolution=20
3.9 Ordered structural evolution introduced by cation substitution
3.10 Sodium chloride, rutile and perovskite structures
3.10.1 Linkage and comparison
3.10.2 Constructing new materials by tailoring
3.11 Summary
4. Fluorite-Type and Related Structure Systems=20
4.1. Basic fluorite structure
4.2 Fluorite structure with anion deficiency
4.2.1 Oxygen migration in fluorite structure
4.2.2 Modules of fluorite structure with oxygen deficiency
4.2.3 Pyrochlores and C-type rare earth sesquioxide structures
4.3 Characteristics of fluorite and fluorite-related structures
4.3.1 Thermodynamic property
4.3.2 Surface character of rare earth oxides
4.3.3 Disproportionation of rare earth high oxides
4.3.4 Switchable chemical reaction as an oxygen pump
4.4 Structural and compositional principles of rare earth homologous higher oxides
4.4.1 Compositional principle of the homologoues phases
4.4.2 The modular juxtaposition rules
4.4.3 Building supercell structure using modules
4.5 Applications of the juxtaposition rules to known structures
4.5.1 R7O12 phase with n =3D 7 and m =3D 1
4.5.2 R9O16 phase with n =3D 9 and m =3D 1
4.5.3 R11O20 phase with n =3D 11 and m =3D 1
4.5.4 R40O72 phase with n =3D 40 and m =3D 4
4.5.5 R24O44 phase with n =3D 24 and m =3D 2
4.6 Predicting undetermined structures using the proposed modules
4.6.1 b-polymorph with m =3D 4
4.6.2 Undetermined structure with n =3D 19
4.6.3 Undetermined structure with n =3D 16
4.6.4 Undetermined structure with n =3D 62 and m =3D 6
4.6.5 Non-stoichiometric a-phase
4.7 Ternary mixed rare earth oxides
4.7.1 Rare earth mixed ternary oxides and oxygen storage
4.7.2 Cation coordination number and arrangements of modules
4.8 Perovskite, fluorite structures and spinel structures
4.8.1 Structure comparison
4.8.2 Superexchange interaction and magnetism
4.9 Summary
5. From Structural Units to Materials Engineering via Soft-Chemistry
5.1 Principle of soft chemistry
5.2 Sol-gel process
5.3 Colloidal route for preparation of monodispersive spherical particles
5.4 Intercalation and pillaring processes
5.5 Self-assembled nanocrystal engineered superlattice thin films
5.5.1 Passivated metal nanocrystals
5.5.2 Passivated semiconductors nanocrystals
5.5.3 Passivated magnetic nanocrystals
5.5.4 Magnetic Co particles
5.5.5 Magnetic iron oxides
5.6 Preparation of nanoparticles by aerosol technique
5.7 Summary
Part II
STRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATIONS
6. Electron Crystallography for Structure Analysis=20
6.1 Electron diffraction in structure analysis
6.1.1 Single scattering theory
6.1.2 Reciprocal space
6.1.3 Bragg's law and Ewald sphere
6.1.4 Indexing electron diffraction patterns
6.1.5 Diffraction from twinned crystals
6.2 Diffraction contrast and defect analysis
6.2.1 Defects and dislocations in materials
6.2.2 Diffraction contrast
6.2.3 Two-beam condition for imaging defects and dislocations
6.2.4 Determination of Burgers vector
6.2.5 Weak beam imaging
6.3 Atomic-resolution structure imaging and structure analysis
6.3.1 Phase contrast
6.3.2 Abbe's imaging theory
6.3.3 Aberration and information transfer in TEM
6.3.4 Contrast transfer function and image resolution
6.3.5 Envelope function and information transfer
6.3.6 Source coherence in lattice imaging
6.3.7 Projected charge density approximation
6.3.8 Multislice theory for transmission electron imaging
6.3.9 Image simulation and structure determination
6.3.10 Image calculation of imperfect crystal and interface
6.3.11 Energy-filtered electron lattice imaging
6.3.12 Limitation of HRTEM
6.4 Electron holography
6.4.1 Principle of off-axis holography in TEM
6.4.2 Improvement of image resolution
6.4.3 Imaging electrostatic field and charge distribution
6.4.4 Imaging spontaneous polarization at domain boundaries in ferroelectrics
6.4.5 Imaging magnetic domains and flux lines
6.5 Convergent beam electron microdiffraction
6.5.1 Symmetry analysis
6.5.2 Measurement of lattice parameters
6.5.3 Bloch wave theory and quantitative CBED
6.5.4 Solid state bonding and charge redistribution
6.5.5 Determination of Burgers vector
6.5.6 Measurement of specimen thickness
6.6 Summary
7. Structure analysis of functional materials=20
7.1 Interface and grain boundary analysis
7.1.1 Kikuchi pattern and grain boundary analysis
7.1.2 General description of a grain boundary
7.1.3 The O-lattice theory
7.1.4 Coincidence-site lattice theory
7.2 Modulation and domain structure
7.2.1 Structural modulation
7.2.2 Domains formed by anisotropic crystal structure
7.2.3 Boundaries of structure domains
7.3 Superstructure and long-range ordering
7.3.1 3-D superstructure analysis by a double-pattern technique
7.3.2 3-D superstructure analysis by a single-pattern technique
7.3.4 Long-range ordering of cation substitutions
7.4 Oxygen vacancies and short-range ordering
7.4.1 Kinematical diffraction theory of diffuse scattering
7.4.2 Geometrical description of diffuse scattering
7.4.3 Calculation of short-range ordering parameter
7.4.4 HRTEM study of short-range order
7.5 Effects of substrate on thin film growth
7.5.1 Lattice mismatch and interface dislocations
7.5.2 Nucleation and growth of defects from substrate surfaces
7.5.3 Linkage of domain boundaries with interface dislocations
7.5.4 Linkage of interface dislocations with planar defects
7.6 In-situ observation of structure evolution
7.6.1 Temperature driven structure transformation
7.6.2 Electric field driven structure transformation
7.6.3 Magnetic moment of the specimen
7.7 Failure analysis of devices
7.8 Imaging surfaces of oxides
7.9 Summary
8. Chemical and Valence Structure Analysis of Functional Materials
8.1 Inelastic excitation processes in electron scattering
8.2 Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDS)
8.2.1 Composition analysis
8.2.2 Atom location by channeling enhanced microanalysis (ALCHEMI)
8.3 Valence excitation EELS
8.3.1 Classical electron energy-loss theory
8.3.2 Surface plasmon excitation
8.3.3 Measurement of dielectric function
8.4 Atomic inner shell excitation in EELS
8.4.1 Composition analysis
8.4.2 Near edge fine structure and bonding in crystals
8.5 Quantitative determination of valences in a mixed valent=20 compound
8.5.1 White lines of transition metals
8.5.2 The occupation number of the d-band electrons
8.5.3 White line intensity and intrinsic magnetic moment
8.5.4 Double derivative spectrum for calculation of white line=20 intensity
8.6 Nano-probe analysis of interfaces and grain boundaries
8.7 Chemical sensitive imaging in STEM
8.8 Energy filtered electron imaging in TEM
8.8.1 Composition-sensitive imaging using valence-loss electrons
8.8.2 Composition-sensitive imaging using inner-shell ionization edge electrons
8.8.3 Mapping of bonding and valence state
8.9 Phonon scattering and chemical sensitive imaging
8.9.1 'Z-contrast' imaging in STEM
8.9.2 High-angle dark-field conical scan imaging in TEM
8.10 Conjunction use of various techniques for structure refinement of La8Sr8Co16O36 - an example
8.11 Summary
=09
APPENDIXES
A: Physical constants, electron wavelengths and wave numbers
B1: Crystallographic structure systems
B2: FORTRAN program for calculating crystallographic data
C: Electron diffraction patterns for several types of crystal=20 structures
D: FORTRAN program for calculating single valence-loss EELS spectra in TEM
Introduction
Smart systems and smart materials
Smart structures are a new emerging materials system which combines contemporary materials science with information science. The smart=20 system is composed of sensing, processing, actuating, feedback, self-diagnosing and self-recovering subsystems. The system uses the functional properties of advanced materials to achieve high performances with capabilities of recognition, discrimination, and adjustification in response to a change of its environment. Each component of this system must have functionality, and the entire system is integrated to perform a self-controlled smart action, similar to a living creature who can "think", make judgment and take actions. A smart system can be considered as a design philosophy that emphasizes predictivity, adaptivity and repetivity.=20
A smart system/structure is defined to be a non-biological physical structure having the following attributes: (1) a definite purpose; (ii) means and imperative to achieve that purpose; and (iii) a biological pattern of functioning (Spillman et al., 1996). Smart materials are a subset of the smart system, i.e. smart structures at the microscopic or mesoscopic scales. Smart system is a non-biological structure which means that the system functions as a biological system rather than the pattern of functioning of a Turning machine. A smart material is a physical structure having (i) a definite purpose, (ii) means of imperative to achieve that purpose, and (iii) the pattern of functioning of a universal computer or Turning machine. Such a material will generally include at least one structural element, some means of sensing the environment and/or its own state, and some type of processing and adaptive control algorithm.=20
Science and technology in the 21st century will rely heavily on the development of new materials that are expected to respond to the environmental changes and manifest their own functions according to the optimum conditions. The development of smart materials will undoubtedly be an essential task in many fields of science and technology such as information science, microelectronics, computer science, medical treatment, life science, energy, transportation, safety engineering and military technologies. Materials development in the future, therefore, should be directed toward creation of hyperfunctional materials which surpass even biological organ in some aspects. The current materials research is to develop various pathways that will lead the modern technology toward the smart system.=20
Functional materials
Functional materials are distinctly different from structural materials, and their physical and chemical properties are sensitive to a change in the environment such as temperature, pressure, electric field, magnetic field, optical wavelength, adsorbed gas molecules and the pH value. The functional materials utilize the native properties and functions of their own to achieve an intelligent action. Functional materials cover a broader range of materlas than the smart materials illustrated above. Besides the materials belogning to the smart structure, any materials that have functionality are attributed to functional materials, such as the ferroelectricic BaTiO3, the magnetic field sensor of La1-xCaxMnO3, surface acoustic wave sensor of LiNbO3, liquid petroleum gas sensor of Pd-dopped SnO2, semiconductor light detectors (CdS, CdTe), high temperature piezoelectric Ta2O5, fast-ion conductor Y2(SnyTi1-y)2O7 (pyrochlore structure), the electric voltage induced reversible colouring of WO3, and high temperature superconductors etc. Functional materials cover a wide range of organic and inorganic materials. This book focuses only on oxide functional materials.
In recent years, techniques for epitaxial crystal growth have made it possible to grow oxides and metal thin films on silicon substrates, and this is the first step to integrate functional materials with the logic system. Preparations of complex oxides with functionality are a key challenge for materials development. Searching new routes to prepare materials and understanding the relationship between the structures and the properties are equally important. A key requirement in preparations of materials is to control the structural and compositional evolution for achieving superior properties. "Soft chemistry" has shown a great success in fabricating functional and nanophase materials. Nanocrystal engineered materials are a new trend of materials research, aiming to improve the performances of materials by several orders of magnitudes.=20
Mixed valences and functionality
Crystal structure usually refers to two aspects of information, one is the symmetry and distribution of atoms in the unit cell and the other is the bonding between atoms. Thermordynalically, the enthalpy of the system is determined by the bonding between atoms, while the entropy is determined by the atomic lattice configurations of the crystal. Thermodynamic rules select the possible stable phases, and the phase stability is strongly affected by bonding. A single element has a certain electron configuration. When several different elements form a molecule, the electronic structure of this cluster is very different from any of its original elemental configuration because of the transfer and/or sharing of valence electrons among atoms. In general, only the valence electrons are most critical to bonding, the distribution and motion of valence electrons are usually described by the molecular orbitals. These valence states and molecular orbits are responsible for the functional properties of the molecule. The ligand field theory is designed to describe the molecular structure of an atom cluster.=20
When different elements are combined to form a crystalline solid in which the atoms or atom groups (or molecules) are bonded together to form a three-dimensional (3-D) structure with specified symmetries, the properties of the solid would depend on both the electronic structure of the atoms or atom groups and their spatial distribution. The molecular orbital theory and band structure theory are usually applied to elucidate the relationship between the structure and the properties. Based on the electron band structure, inorganic materials can be classified as conductors, semiconductors and insulators. If a change is made in the crystal structure so that the band gap is reduced or eliminated, a transition from an insulator to a conductor is possible. Modifying a crystal structure can be performed by changing either the spatial distribution of atoms (such as bonding angles, bonding lengths and symmetry of atom arrangement) or chemical composition (such as from stoichiometry to nonstoichiometry). All these changes are referred to as structural evolution, which is closely related to the properties of the materials.=20
Many functional properties of inorganic materials are determined by the elements with mixed valences in the structure unit, by which we mean that an element has two or more different valences while forming a compound. Valence mixture refers to a case in which several elements have different valences but each one only has a single valence. In the periodic table of fundamental elements, 40 elements can form mixed valent compounds, transition d-block elements and lanthanide (Eu, Yb, Ce, Pr, Tb etc.) are typical examples. Modern inorganic chemistry has shown that the oxidation state of any element can be modified under special conditions. Many oxide functional materials contain elements with mixed valences. This is a typical difference between the functional materials and the structural materials. This book is about the structural evolution of compounds containing mixed valent elements, such as transition and rare earth elements. =20
The concept of mixed valent chemistry offers a pathway to design and synthesize new compounds with unique optical, electric, or magnetic properties. Research in functional materials in its broad sense always depends on the conception and synthesis of interesting novel mixed-valent compounds. The discovery of high temperature superconductor compounds is a fascinating successful example of the mixed valence chemistry. We believe that exploring the possible structures of mixed valent compounds and their evolution behaviors may lead to many pathways to synthesis new functional materials.=20
The scope of the book
Searching for new functional materials is a challenge for the development of smart systems. To guide this searching, a clear understanding about the relationship between the physical properties and the atomic-scale structure of the materials is desperately needed. This book is about the intrinsic connections among several crystal structure systems commonly used in functional materials and their evolution behaviors. The book is not intended as a source for listing all the existing functional materials, instead its goal is to reveal the principles for engineering and controlling functional materials from the fundamental structure units. The functional materials are described from the mixed valences and stoichiometry points of view to understand the structural evolution and transformation of different materials systems. The mixed valent compounds are elucidated as the fundamentals for performing unique functionality.=20
We have written this book with a strong conviction that functional materials system is a future direction of the multidisciplinary research involving physics, chemistry, materials science, electrical engineering and biological science, with an emphasis on molecular and unit cell designs. There are numerous books describing the properties, preparations, electronic structures and crystal structures of transition and rare earth metals and their oxides. To expert in the field, this book is written by addressing the issues that have not been described systematically in existing books. Our aim is to explain the intrinsic connections among different structures. The goal is to explore new routes for synthesizing functional materials from the fundamental structure building blocks (or modules). The book aims to illustrate not only the role played by crystal structure in property control of functional materials, but also the structure determination using advanced transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. The latter also has critical importance for device failure analysis in modern industry.
Accordingly, the book is written into two parts. Part I concentrates on the structure and structural evolution of oxides functional materials belonging to NaCl-, rutile-, perovskite and CaF2-type structures and the related. Although our analysis is focused on the structure systems outlined above, spinel and corundum structures are also briefly described in these chapters except the wurtzite structure (BeO and ZnO) because of its limited evolution characteristics. Part II is on crystallographic and chemical structure characterizations of oxide functional materials, which are needed to understand the experimental approaches for exploring the structure evolution. Both parts are written to ensure the coherency of the whole book.
Part I is composed of five chapters. In Chapter 1, fundamental concepts are introduced on crystallographic structures, chemical structures, bonding, molecular orbital and ligand field, mixed valences, materials properties and the fundamental characteristics of functional materials. This chapter is designed as the preliminary preparation for the discussions to be outlined in future chapters. The characteristics of functional materials are given for distinguish them from structural materials. Chapter 2 starts with the simplest oxides with NaCl structure for illustrating the stacking of cations and anions in constructing the unit cell. Then, rutile related structures are introduced with an emphasis on their structural evolution. Chapters 3 is on perovskite and related structures. The characteristics of the ABO3 perovskites are thoroughly analyzed to reveal the intrinsic connections among the A, B and O elements and the roles played by the octahedron in constructing the unit cells. The alternative stacking of the close-packed (AO3)4- and B layers is analyzed in detail, and a total of 14 fundamental structure units are extracted with introducing of anion deficiency, which are the building blocks for constructing the unit cells of complex functional materials. The tailoring of cation octahedra can give the structure of a variety of compounds. The typical properties of perovskites are also described and their relations with the crystal structure are elucidated. This chapter is the basis for understanding the mechanisms that control cation substitution, creation of oxygen vacancies and mixed valences in the perovskite family.
Similarly, the fluorite related structures are analyzed in Chapter 4, and a total of 12 fluorite modules (or units) with anion deficiencies are proposed, which together with the perfect fluorite are the 13 basic building blocks for constructing the structures of rare earth homologoues higher oxides. Following the structural and compositional principles outlined by Kang and Eyring (1995, 1996), geometrical assembling of these modules can reproduce not only the known crystal structures of homologoues phases RnO2n-2m but, more importantly, predict the structures of some phases whose structures are unknown. This chapter proves that a complex superstructure can be disassembled into some fundamental modules, which can be derived at the first place from the basic fluorite structure. Therefore, by revealing the intrinsic connection among the same class of phases one may be able to predict and design new structures. The surface property and oxygen migration can be better understood from the view of module combination. At the end of Chapter 4, the structures of perovskite, fluorite and spinel are compared with each other and a brief introduction about spinel is given.=20
Chapter 5 focuses on the introduction of soft-chemistry (sol-gel, pillaring and grafting, intercalation and deintercalation) for synthesizing and designing new materials based on the fundamental structure modules. The chapter aims to using the understanding about structural evolution described in previous chapters to develop new materials systems that are expected to have functionality. Preparation of nanophase materials is also described with an emphasis on self-assembled nanocrystal superlattices (or arrays). This is a new trend of materials research on nanocrystal engineered (or patterned) materials.
Part II is composed of Chapters 6-8. Chapter 6 aims to introduce the fundamentals of structure analysis using transmission electron microscopy and associated techniques, including electron diffraction, diffraction contrast for defect analysis, atomic resolution lattice imaging for interface studies, electron holography for studying ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials, and convergent beam electron diffraction technique for mapping charge redistribution and bonding in crystalline materials. While introducing these fundamental techniques, our focus is on the applications of these techniques for the analysis of functional materials. This chapter also serves as an educational chapter to the readers who have different background in solid state chemistry, materials processing and structure analysis, for correctly using the available tools for solving the problems in oxide functional materials. The applications of the techniques introduced in Chapter 6 are described in Chapter 7 case-by-case to cover the structural characteristics of oxide functional materials, including grain boundaries, interfaces, domains, structure transformations and surfaces. Analysis of long-range superstructures and short-range order of point defects is the emphasis of this chapter because they are closely related to the structural evolution described in Chapters 2-4. Numerous examples are shown to illustrate the techniques for solving the structure problems belonging to functional materials.
Chapter 8 focuses on the chemical and bonding analysis of mixed valent oxides at a high spatial resolution using the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). The near edge fine structure observed in EELS is a sensitive technique for detecting the valence band structure from a small region, and it also allows the analysis of interface electronic structures. The observed white lines in EELS can be used to determine the occupations of the 3d and 4d orbitals (e.g., valence states) of transition and rare earth elements. This information together with the imaging and diffraction data from HRTEM can be applied to determine the ordered structure induced by ordered anion vacancies. Finally, it is emphasized that the structure information provided by imaging and diffraction techniques (Chapters 6 and 7) must be integrated with the chemical information provided by EDS and EELS. The structure refinement of an anion deficient phase La8Sr8Co16O36 is demonstrated as an example. A combination of TEM results with x-ray diffraction or neutron diffraction data and theoretical modeling as well is likely to give a unique and reliable solution to a material's problem. It is concluded that the structural evolution in a complex system is intrinsically dominated by the combinations of the fundamental structural modules. This is the focus of this book.
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Reply to: RE: grids dull or shiny?
Elaine Humphrey wrote: } Hello all } We have recently had a number of users who have come from different = places } in the world, and use different conventions for whether sections/formar = go } on the shiny side of the grid or the dull side. } } This lab uses the dull side, and has considered that the convention. If = it } ain't broke don't fix it. } } As long as the user is consistent with his/her own grids, there is no } problem, but when looking at collegues grids from another lab, it can = lead } to a few annoyances. } } We have been making our own formvar or pioloform-coated grids and putting } the formvar or pioloform on the dull side. One of my users has bought } made-up-grids where the coating was on the shiny side. At least two = other } labs here use the shiny side for sections. } } Is there a difference to the sides of the grid that makes one side better } than the other? } Elaine } } } Dr. Elaine Humphrey } Biosciences Electron Microscopy Facility } University of British Columbia } 6270 University Blvd, mail-stop Botany } Vancouver, BC } CANADA, V6T 1Z4 } Phone: 604-822-3354 } FAX: 604-822-6089 } e-mail: ech-at-unixg.ubc.ca } Reply;
Ter trivial answer to this question is that all experts are correct. = Therefore either side is good. However, there is one instance where I = have found this to be incorrect. Single slot grids have a polarity to = them. The dull side has rounded edges wherease the shiny side is = completely flat. Check it out. the immediate concequence is that if = formvar is applied to the dull side it will eventually sag into the hole = and stick to the support you store it on. On the shiny, flat side, this = is not a problem. This might be true for the mesh grids too. I can't say = more on this because I never looked. =
For the record, for routine use I usually put the film on the dull side = too and have never had a problem. I know a colleague who swears that using = the shiny side is best because it improves resolution! I do know that if = the film has been damaged in some way then buffers will react with the = metal. Hence the dogma of not using copper grids for immunocytochemistry. = =
My advice is to believe all the experts and do what ever you want. Even = better, become an expert and make everyone in your lab do it your way! } } } } RFC822 header } ----------------------------------- } } Received: from Sparc5.Microscopy.Com [206.69.208.10] by mailhouse.hei.= org } (SMTPD32-4.07) id A8EC245B023C; Fri, 04 Dec 1998 21:47:24 PST } Received: (from daemon-at-localhost) by Sparc5.Microscopy.Com (8.6.11/8.6.= 11) = } id RAA29721 for dist-Microscopy; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 17:19:29 -0600 } Received: from no_more_spam.com (Sparc5 [206.69.208.10]) by = } Sparc5.Microscopy.Com (8.6.11/8.6.11) with SMTP id RAA29715 for = } "MicroscopyFilteredEmail-at-msa.microscopy.com"; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 17:18:58 -= 0600 } Received: from mail.unixg.ubc.ca (mail.unixg.ubc.ca [137.82.27.14]) by = } Sparc5.Microscopy.Com (8.6.11/8.6.11) with ESMTP id RAA29707 for = } {microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} ; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 17:18:44 -0600 } Received: from cbig-se.botany.ubc.ca ([137.82.136.14]) } by mail.unixg.ubc.ca with esmtp (Exim 1.92 #1) } for microscopy-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com } id 0zm4h8-0000tc-00; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 15:31:30 -0800 } X-Sender: ech-at-pop.unixg.ubc.ca } Message-Id: {v0300780be8f1d9725816-at-[137.82.136.14]} } Mime-Version: 1.0 } Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3D"us-ascii" } To: microscopy-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com } From: Elaine Humphrey {ech-at-unixg.ubc.ca} } Subject: grids dull or shiny? } Date: Fri, 4 Dec 1998 15:31:30 -0800 } Errors-to: Microscopy-request-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } X-UIDL: 907881843 } Status: U } =
Paul Webster, Ph.D House Ear Institute 2100 West Third Street Los Angeles, CA 90057 phone:213 273 8026 fax: 213 413 6739 e-mail: pwebster-at-hei.org
by arl-img-12.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.16) id HAA12219; Sat, 5 Dec 1998 07:04:07 -0500 (EST)
Hi Guys
Maybe I can help?
Semi in lens imaging, or dual detector imaging, relies upon the SE being attracted to an detector which is situated above the final lens pole piec= e. Initially commercial instruments with two ET detectors used the field fr= om the final lens to "pull" SE into the upper detector. ISI were first with=
their SS Series and then Hitachi with the S570 took this route. In these=
instruments they allowed the specimen to be anywhere between 100% out of lens through to what we would consider to be a WD of -5mm. That is 5mm u= p inside the pole piece! Problems arose if you were using magnetic materials, hence the development of a twin detector system by Hitachi whi= ch used a field coil to drag electrons up to the detector and a pole piece design which retained the lens field within the pole piece. =
The twin detector system gives the microscopist the best of all worlds.
1. The upper detector provides an opportunity to sift out the BSE an= d obtain a pretty pure SE image. The high lens strength at very short WD (~3mm) enables the instruments to reach very high resolution levels. The down side of this is, as SE are effected by charge, this mode is prone to=
charge problems.
2. The lower detector offers the type of contrast which we all see i= n our conventional single detector SEM, SE+BSE. The up side is that the BS= E contribution to this image results in far fewer charge problems.
3. Add a BSE detector to such a system, and you can move in any direction "pure" SE or SE + BSE or pure BSE. Drop the kV and the BSE becomes even more interesting as the volumes of material involved almost mimic SE volumes.
All of you interested in image formation should be very jealous of someon= e who will be able to get his hands on an instrument like this; 100% scienc= e!
When testing instruments of this type be very careful to select specimens=
that do look different at different kV. Gold on carbon is in my mind a very poor performance standard for this type of instrument. It is often unable to pull out the performance differences between 5 and 15kV. This does not demonstrate a fantastic instrument but a poor test specimen.
You lucky man!
Steve Chapman
Senior Consultant E.M. Protrain, 16 Hedgerley, Chinnor, Oxford OX9 4TN, England. Tel & Fax 44 (0)1844 353161 Web Site - http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/protrain For Consultancy and Courses in Electron Microscopy World Wide
The people I would contact in the FEG + BSE area are Geoff Richards and Iolo ap Gwynn. They are very active in the biological side of BSE imagin= g.
=46rom by own experiences you have no substitute for beam current, you ne= ed the ability to drive the gun at least up to 20uA, you will find some manufactures even have 40uA if you know where to get at it!
Try Iolo ap Gwynn on iag-at-aber.ac.uk
Steve Chapman Senior Consultant E.M. Protrain, 16 Hedgerley, Chinnor, Oxford OX9 4TN, England. Tel & Fax 44 (0)1844 353161 Web Site - http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/protrain For Consultancy and Courses in Electron Microscopy World Wide
Well after a great Conference and some foul weather what better than a go= od game of rugby?
We have to say that a really GREAT team were beaten on the day by a very good team. Sorry you did not break the record (although your TV commentator would have been moaning about the ref as he always seems to d= o) but you ALL have to admit that we beat you fair and square?
Dr. Elaine Humphrey wrote: ============================================ We have recently had a number of users who have come from different places in the world, and use different conventions for whether sections/formar go on the shiny side of the grid or the dull side.
This lab uses the dull side, and has considered that the convention. If it ain't broke don't fix it.
As long as the user is consistent with his/her own grids, there is no problem, but when looking at collegues grids from another lab, it can lead to a few annoyances.
We have been making our own formvar or pioloform-coated grids and putting the formvar or pioloform on the dull side. One of my users has bought made- up-grids where the coating was on the shiny side. At least two other labs here use the shiny side for sections.
Is there a difference to the sides of the grid that makes one side better than the other? ===================================================== This is certainly the most often asked-for question about TEM grids, at least for our firm, from customers writing or calling in for "advice" .
After being involved for more than thirty years with this question, I have come to the following conclusions. I present them here for whatever peer review might be forthcoming:
a) It seems to be about 50/50 (non-scientifically determined) on a worldwide basis as to whether users prefer dull or shinny.
b) While the "dull" side has sharper "protrusions" and in theory at least should initiate tears and cracks more readily than the shinny side, I am not sure we ourselves have ever found evidence that is the case. Those expressing preferences for the dull side tend to claim better adhesion because of the larger surface area available for adhesion. So we have ourselves given up on using our own good common sense to rationalize which side is "better". We think that one can, in general, get comparable results from either side.
c) However, not all grids are manufactured using the same processes and the conclusions drawn from grids from one source might not necessarily be applied to grids from other sources. For example, anyone who has used different "brands" of grids knows that there is a difference between dull and shinny side discrimination. We have even found customers who have expressed a preference for grids showing the least dull/shinny difference so it is not necessarily even a case of good vs. bad.
d) We ourselves believe that the real point of the dull vs. shinny side is to quickly and easily discriminate between which side is "up" and which side if "down" since many samples are not easily seen with the naked eye. Some percentage of the population develop a level of color-blindness, and this is also true as we get older, and as that happens, there also seems to be a loss in ability to discriminate between dull vs. shinny. Hence, some grids are actually purchased on that basis alone, without regard to any other considerations. From that perspective it does not matter which side is being used, just so one is consistent and always using the same side for their specimens.
e) Paul Webster raises an interesting question relative to there being an asymmetry (he called it a polarity) to the slot grids. We ourselves have never looked at that aspect of the issue before. But if it is correct, then it would probably also apply to the use of aperture grids as well, since they are made under identical conditions. In general, it is the shinny side that is the one in contact with the "glass master" during the grid making, and the dull side is the one that "grows" out into the plating bath. In any case the point is well made and this will encourage us to see what could be done to reduce the asymmetry present in slot grids.
f) All of my comments and I presume those of the others are directed specifically for those grids that are electro deposited, that is, Cu, Ni, and Au and such comments would not be applicable to grids made by other methods (for example, chemical etching, to produce grids from Be or W, etc.)
Dr. Rik Brydson wrote: ===================================== Some information on a new listserver recently set up. I encourage you to join Please display in your institution.
Many thanks, ================================================ It is not clear to me how this new listserver would in some way contribute to the objectives as outlined, in ways not possible via the existing listserver sponsored by the Microscopy Society of America. Right now, if someone has a question, they need post it in only one place, if the "places" were fragmented, to get the same full coverage, one would have to place it in more than one place.
And for those who felt they wanted to subscribe to more than one listserver, they are going to be reading the same postings more than one time.
I would cast my vote that the system we have "ain't broken" and therefore we shouldn't try to fix it!
Chuck
=================================================== Charles A. Garber, Ph. D. Ph: 1-(610)-436-5400 President 1-(800)-2424-SPI SPI SUPPLIES FAX: 1-(610)-436-5755 PO BOX 656 e-mail: cgarber-at-2spi.com West Chester, PA 19381-0656 USA Cust. Service: spi2spi-at-2spi.com
Look for us! ############################ WWW: www.2spi.com ############################ ==================================================
But the higher currents needed might upset your samples, mightn't they?
rtch
} Jacob Bastacky wrote: } } } } We are considering looking for a Wavelength-Dispersive Spectrometer to } } improve our detection of sodium in biological samples, reasoning that the } } better energy resolution of the detector will result in narrower, taller } } peaks with the same background level, yielding improved peak-to-background } } ratios. } } This is correct. } } } } Our samples are frozen hydrated and dried biological tissues; we would like } } to be able to differentiate 50mMolar from 150mMolar sodium (0.25 and .75% } } by weight in hydrated samples). } } } This should be pretty straight-forward. } } } } Might we expect a significant improvement with WDS? } } } Yes.
Ritchie Sims Phone : 64 9 3737599 ext 7713 Department of Geology Fax : 64 9 3737435 The University of Auckland email : r.sims-at-auckland.ac.nz Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
The bars on the shiny side have sharper edges and smoother surfaces than the bars on the dull side.
Check this out with your SEM
The argument for using the dull side for the films is that there is less risk of tearing at the edge of the bar and perhaps better adhesion.
***************************************************** Mel Dickson, Director. Electron Microscope Unit, University of New South Wales. Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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One final thought on this:
Interference colors, which reveal the location of sections on the grid, = are more easily seen on a dull background. Interference colors also play = an important role in the evaluation of support film thickness during the = final, drying step in cryosectioning. There is a reason for choosing one = side after all.
Regards, =
Paul Webster, Ph.D House Ear Institute 2100 West Third Street Los Angeles, CA 90057 phone:213 273 8026 fax: 213 413 6739 e-mail: pwebster-at-hei.org http://www.hei.org/htm/apw.htm
by imo22.mx.aol.com (IMOv18.1) id 8BYIa17651 for {microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} ; Sun, 6 Dec 1998 17:56:54 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: {d2de1999.366b0bb6-at-aol.com}
Readers, Due to the considerable number of request, we have decided to publish the results of our recent microscopist salary survey. However, do to the tabulation, I regret that I do not know how to publish it on this medium. The full survey results will be in the December issue of Microscopy Today - which will hit the P.O. on 17 December. If you have provided your salary data and wish an earlier copy, send me your fax number and I will be pleased to fax you a copy. Don Grimes, Microscopy Today P.S. #1: A surprise (to me) in the survey! The average yearly salary of all 457 microscopists reported was $51,676. The average yearly salary of all 268 male microscopists was $55,641 - or up some 7.7 % from the total average. But, the average yearly salary of all 189 female microscopists was $46,053 - or down some 10.9 % from the total average. No conclusion suggested! Interesting? P.S. #2: My sincere wishes for a nifty set of holidays to all - particularly, Nestor, to you!
Elaine: Years ago I read a brief SEM study which looked at the attachment of films and sections and concluded that the dull side was slightly better. However, the grid bars edges are a little more rounded on the dull side and supporting films or sections would tend to go a bit more up and down with that rounding. I always used the dull side, but what matters is uniformity in one working group. Cheers Jim Darley
ProSciTech Microscopy PLUS PO Box 111, Thuringowa QLD 4817 Australia Phone +61 7 4774 0370 Fax: +61 7 4789 2313 Great microscopy catalogue, 500 Links, MSDS, User Notes ********************** www.proscitech.com.au *****
On Saturday, December 05, 1998 9:32 AM, Elaine Humphrey [SMTP:ech-at-unixg.ubc.ca] wrote: } } ---------------------------------------------------------- } -------------. } } } Hello all } We have recently had a number of users who have come from } different places } in the world, and use different conventions for whether } sections/formar go } on the shiny side of the grid or the dull side. } } This lab uses the dull side, and has considered that the } convention. If it } ain't broke don't fix it. } } As long as the user is consistent with his/her own grids, } there is no } problem, but when looking at collegues grids from another } lab, it can lead } to a few annoyances. } } We have been making our own formvar or pioloform-coated } grids and putting } the formvar or pioloform on the dull side. One of my users } has bought } made-up-grids where the coating was on the shiny side. At } least two other } labs here use the shiny side for sections. } } Is there a difference to the sides of the grid that makes } one side better } than the other? } Elaine } } } Dr. Elaine Humphrey } Biosciences Electron Microscopy Facility } University of British Columbia } 6270 University Blvd, mail-stop Botany } Vancouver, BC } CANADA, V6T 1Z4 } Phone: 604-822-3354 } FAX: 604-822-6089 } e-mail: ech-at-unixg.ubc.ca } }
Yes, WDS will be better for sodium but the trade off you have to make is that you will probably have to put in more beam current to get sufficient signal. A windowless or an atmosphere thin window (100nm) should work okay. Depends what else is in the spectrum. I would try it on a known standard. I think you are dead in the water with a beryllium window, too many of the sodium x-ray photon would get absorbed.
Best Wishes for the Christmas Season
Look forward to seeing you next summer. Shirley and I will be on the West Coast.
Patrick
On Thu, 3 Dec 1998, Jacob Bastacky wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } We are considering looking for a Wavelength-Dispersive Spectrometer to } improve our detection of sodium in biological samples, reasoning that the } better energy resolution of the detector will result in narrower, taller } peaks with the same background level, yielding improved peak-to-background } ratios. } } Our samples are frozen hydrated and dried biological tissues; we would like } to be able to differentiate 50mMolar from 150mMolar sodium (0.25 and .75% } by weight in hydrated samples). } } Our present EDS detector has a semi-thin window and is doing better than } average for sodium and we would prefer not going to an ultrathin window or } windowless detector. } } Might we expect a significant improvement with WDS? } } Does anyone know of a spectrometer that might be donated? } } Your comments and suggestions will be appreciated. } } Thanks, } } Jacob } } Jacob Bastacky, M.D. } Room 116 Donner Laboratory } Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory } University of California } Berkeley, California 94720 } Telephones: 510.486.4606 office, 510.486.4605 lab, 510.845.8031 fax } email: sjbastacky-at-lbl.gov } } } }
Dear Listers, I am seeking your guidance on using EDS to quantitate the ion uptake in homogeneous polymers (cast at a uniform thickness). Any references would be appreciated as well. Rosemary
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I would like to hear from microscopists who have used FEG-SEM's and particularily the semi-in-lens models for biological applications. I would also appreciate info on recent papers where this instrumentation was critical to the biological research reported. Also any recommendations as to ideal samples for testing these microscopes for biological application? Debby
Debby Sherman, Manager Phone: 765-494-6666 Microscopy Center in Agriculture FAX: 765-494-5896 Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology E-mail: sherman-at-btny.purdue.edu Purdue University 1057 Whistler Building West Lafayette, IN 47907-1057 --------------------------------------
I am evaluating FEG semi-in-lens SEMs for possible purchase. I am interested in BSE imaging at low acc. voltages ( {3kV). I would like to get some feedback as to people's experiences with using BSE mode at low voltages. Specifically, what kind of detectors are being used and what kind of results? What is the lowest acc. voltage that you can reasonably use and still get good results. Thanks,
RFC822 header -----------------------------------
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by arl-img-4.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.16) id JAA07014 for microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com; Mon, 7 Dec 1998 09:38:06 -0500 (EST)
Dear Dorrance,
To start with, I should mention that I am an interested party since =
BUEHLER is a major supplier of polishing equipment, consumables, and technical support for the grinding/polishing industry and has been for over 60 years.
To my point: Although I agree with Gary Leichty's point about using diamond =
vs. silicon carbide papers, it is for different reasons. Silion Carbide = is a brittle abrasive with a high coefficient of friction compared to diamond. Due to=
this fact, and as a result of being fixed to a paper backing material, SiC tends to 'plow' material during grinding operation. It also tends to fracture, creating smaller particles that can embed in ductile phases. Since the SiC abrasive is rigidly fixed to the paper backing material, when it 'plows' into the metallic phase of your alloy, it eventually contacts a hard precipitate and plucks it out.
Diamond films also 'plow' ductile phases because the abrasive is fixed to= a
backing material. In this case, as opposed to SiC papers, the resin bind= er of the film is weaker and allows the diamond to pull free of the film and stay embedded = in the sample. =
Although proper lubrication will help, diamond films are not the answer i= n your case. =
A better suggestion might be to section a disk from the bulk using a thin=
diamond blade, making sure that the sample is near final thickness. Then=
use one or more sizes of diamond paste product on a porous pad for removi= ng
damage created by the blade. The waxy carrier of paste products along wi= th embedding of the diamond in the pad will tend to eliminate embedding in your sample.
Finally, using a low napped polishing cloth with a colloidal silica produ= ct (High pH) will produce a smooth, low deformation surface in which no embedding =
exists, and in which both the aluminum and precipitate phases are relatively coplanar.
Please contact me directly if you have additional questions.
Best regards,
Scott D. Holt BUEHLER, Ltd. PO Box 1 41 Waukegan Rd. Lake Bluff, IL 60044 (847)295-4546 ****** http://www.buehlerltd.com ******
} Dear All, } } I've been batting my head against my Fischione Jet Polisher trying to figure } this one out! Please help if you can. My original material is full of=
} lovely voids and pits, Si particles are around 10 microns, and at a } thickness of 150 to 200 microns I have experienced some holes that go a= ll } the way through the material. If I try initial thinning of the sample = on } less than 500 grit SiC paper I get even more particle pullout...Any ideas? } } Thanks in advance for any help. } } Dorrance
So far the listserver has been a good source of infomation. I think we would all lose if we splinter into smaller listservers. If anything I would consider using better (i.e. clearer) Subject Identifiers. For example, one could use headers such as Bio (for Biological), Mat (for Materials ) and Gen. (for general ) subjects. This would make it easier for a reader to decide if he/she wants to open a given posting. I believe something like this was proposed by others in the past.
We also get much useful information from vendors (I am not a vendor) and if we were to split this would pose increased problems for both vendors as well as us microscopists in terms of the time spent searching and posting messages.
In short, I think we would lose more than what we would gain.
Jordi Marti
---------- } From: Garber, Charles A. To: MICROSCOPY BB -----------------------------------------------------------------------.
-- [ From: Garber, Charles A. * EMC.Ver #3.1 ] --
Dr. Rik Brydson wrote: ===================================== Some information on a new listserver recently set up. I encourage you to join Please display in your institution.
Many thanks, ================================================ It is not clear to me how this new listserver would in some way contribute to the objectives as outlined, in ways not possible via the existing listserver sponsored by the Microscopy Society of America. Right now, if someone has a question, they need post it in only one place, if the "places" were fragmented, to get the same full coverage, one would have to place it in more than one place.
And for those who felt they wanted to subscribe to more than one listserver, they are going to be reading the same postings more than one time.
I would cast my vote that the system we have "ain't broken" and therefore we shouldn't try to fix it!
Chuck
=================================================== Charles A. Garber, Ph. D. Ph: 1-(610)-436-5400 President 1-(800)-2424-SPI SPI SUPPLIES FAX: 1-(610)-436-5755 PO BOX 656 e-mail: cgarber-at-2spi.com West Chester, PA 19381-0656 USA Cust. Service: spi2spi-at-2spi.com
Look for us! ############################ WWW: www.2spi.com ############################ ==================================================
Dear Colleagues Being aware of your interest in 3-D reconstruction and visualization of biological object structures, I wonder if you deal with the problem of 3-D epithelial sheets topology reconstruction? If it is so can you send me your papers on this subject? And do you know anybody who work in this field? My own interest is the 3-D histoarchitecture of epithelial sheets in normal development and pathology. In this connect I am addressing you with the following message. As you know, all current attempts to reconstruct a 3-D structure of biological tissues using a serial sections encounter with a typical difficulty. It is that tissue deformation and cell proliferation make a cells shape variable, diverse their adjacency and give a strongly "noised" pictures. So the results obtained give no way to understanding tissue topology and do not permit to deduce the law of 3-D tissue organization.
To overcome the difficulties we have developed the new approach to 3-D reconstruction of cell sheet structures. It is based on the pioneering concept of tissues modular structure and consists of derivation of topological and geometrical models of epithelial spatial organization and their experimental verification. Contrary to the usual tissue reconstruction on a set of serial sections this approach allows to use their minimum and to carry out a more exact restoration of 3-D epithelial structure with less money and time. The approach has enabled us to get the data priority on the laws of spatial organization of simple, pseudostratified and stratified epithelia, as well as to predict and find several earlier unknown topological variants of their histoarchitectonics. The approach has also allowed to describe such new properties of epithelial layers as translation symmetry and stoichiometry.
The results makes a basis for structural histology as a addition to modern structural biology. The approach allow to investigate the more complex topology variants of pseudostratified and stratified epithelia, to find a set of new informative tissue characteristics suitable for diagnostic and also to give the opportunity to predict the changes of tissues in normal development and their transformation in pathology, particularly in malignant growth.
If it is interesting for you, I am ready to consider the possibility of our cooperation.
Yours sincerely, Dr. G.A. Savostyanov. -- | E-mail: savost-at-ief.spb.su | Gennady A. Savostyanov | | Fax +7 (812) 5523012 |Sechenov Inst. of Evolutionary Physiology and | | office +7 (812) 5523090 | Biochemictry Russian Academy of Science, | | | home +7 (812) 5100052 |44 Thores av., 194223, St.Petersburg, Russia |
What is the purpose of your having to section? If it is to determine pigment distribution, have you tried confocal? As long as there is not titantium dioxide as a filler (it tends to act as a mirror), confocal may work, saving you lots of aggrevation.
If you have to section, talk to Wasi Ahmed at Buehler Instruments here in the States. He had sectioned everything from light bulbs to the ash on the end of a cigar! Try them at 847-295-6500.
} P.S. #1: A surprise (to me) in the survey! The average yearly salary of all } 457 microscopists reported was $51,676. The average yearly salary of all 268 } male microscopists was $55,641 - or up some 7.7 % from the total average. } But, the average yearly salary of all 189 female microscopists was $46,053 - } or down some 10.9 % from the total average. No conclusion suggested! } Interesting?
Not interesting, just sad. No matter how good we are or how hard we try, women still are considered second class citizens and our salaries reflect that. We're used to, but not happy about, being paid less almost 100% of the time.
Paula :-(
Paula Sicurello UC Berkeley Electron Microscope Lab psic-at-uclink4.berkeley.edu phone: 510-642-2085 fax: 510-643-6207 http://biology.berkeley.edu/EML
Dear All. How can I calibrate the maginfication in a scanning transmission electron microscop for } 100.000x? Up to this mag one can use cross grating replica, but beyond? Thank you very much. -- Gerhard Frank UNIVERSITAET ERLANGEN-NUERNBERG Phone: +49 9131 85 28606 Institut fuer Werkstoffwissenschaften VII Fax: +49 9131 85 28602 Cauerstr. 6, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany frank-at-ww.uni.erlangen.de ***************************** * NEW Phone and Fax numbers!* *****************************
P.S. #1: A surprise (to me) in the survey! The average yearly salary of all 457 microscopists reported was $51,676. The average yearly salary of all 268 male microscopists was $55,641 - or up some 7.7 % from the total average. But, the average yearly salary of all 189 female microscopists was $46,053 - or down some 10.9 % from the total average. No conclusion suggested! Interesting?
Not interesting, just sad. No matter how good we are at what we do or how hard we try, women still are considered second class citizens and our salaries reflect that. We're used to, but not happy about, being paid less almost 100% of the time.
Paula :-(
p.s. everytime I try to reply to the MicroToday-at-aol.com-at-sparc5.microscopy.com I get a bad address and the message is thrown back, does anybody know why?
Paula Sicurello UC Berkeley Electron Microscope Lab psic-at-uclink4.berkeley.edu phone: 510-642-2085 fax: 510-643-6207 http://biology.berkeley.edu/EML
There's another option of course, there is a newsgroup titled alt.sci.microscopy. My ISP seems to have a problem w/ this one though, casue I lose all the threads in about a week.
It works basically the same was as this listserver, only you have the option of reading or not reading messages, rather than having all messages sent to you via email.
When i have a question or such, I'll usually post in both places. For example, I posted my questions regarding the TN5500 here and there. I recieved a few responses from there and many more from here. I am not sure, however, how many people know of the newsgroup.
{!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en"} {html} There's another option of course, there is a newsgroup titled alt.sci.microscopy. My ISP seems to have a problem w/ this one though, casue I lose all the threads in about a week. {p} It works basically the same was as this listserver, only you have the option of reading or not reading messages, rather than having all messages sent to you via email. {p} When i have a question or such, I'll usually post in both places. {br} For example, I posted my questions regarding the TN5500 here and there. I recieved a few responses from there and many more from here. I am not sure, however, how many people know of the newsgroup. {p} Well, thats my two pennies, hope it helps. {p} Ted Claypool {br} EPMA {br} {a href="http://www.rjlg.com"} RJ Lee Group {/a} {/html}
} ... } } } } ... } } } Not interesting, just sad. No matter how good we are at what } we do or how } hard we try, women still are considered second class citizens and our } salaries reflect that. ... } ...
I believe you are correct in many circumstances, but I think you are wrong to make such a conclusion in this case when the "average experience" wasn't reported with the "average salary" ... also not reported with respect to gender; minimum and maximum salaries and minimum and maximum degrees of experience ... (leastwise in this e-mail thread ... I have yet to see the survey). For example. I didn't take part in this survey for my own reasons and I receive a lesser salary too with 20years experience. Personally, I have a lesser salary because I chose this working place and living environment, and didn't believe my salary deserved to be rated with general electron microscopists. My lesser salary would then come under a heading of "aggression for $$$", and I do believe men are more aggressive when it comes to salary demands. Regarding "2nd class citizens" I think things are more complex than you know and not as bad as you imply, but I will agree ... for the same experience salaries should be equal, and I don't think were there yet either.
cheerios, shAf
{} /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ cogito, ergo zZOooOM /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ {} Michael Shaffer, R.A. - ICQ 210524 Geological Science's Electron Probe Facility - University of Oregon mshaf-at-darkwing.uoregon.edu - http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~mshaf/
} P.S. #1: A surprise (to me) in the survey! The average yearly salary of all } 457 microscopists reported was $51,676. The average yearly salary of all 268 } male microscopists was $55,641 - or up some 7.7 % from the total average. } But, the average yearly salary of all 189 female microscopists was $46,053 - } or down some 10.9 % from the total average. No conclusion suggested! } Interesting?
Years-in-grade (or seniority) and rank have very large and statistically significant impacts on salary. Were the gender data normalized to account for this? If not, then no conclusion is possible.
Bob
Dr. Robert R. Wise Department of Biology and Microbiology University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh Oshkosh, WI 54901
(920) 424-3404 tel (920) 424-1101 fax wise-at-uwosh.edu www.uwosh.edu/departments/biology/wise/wise.html
Usually I try to stay out of the "political" discussions, but I would like to put my two cents in on this one.
My initial training in microscopy came from the Royal Microscopical Society in England. One thing which differentiated their approach from more typical US courses was their cross-disciplinary perspective: electron microscopists talked to light microscopists and materials scientists learned new staining approaches from biologists, etc. We all benefit from the diverse postings on the MSA listserver. I agree with Jordi, that headers would be helpful when our mailboxes get too full, but I, for one, learn as much as possible about "what the other guy is doing" so that I can add to my own experience base.
By the way: as an avid "industry watcher", I can tell you with certainty that the current trend in professional societies is toward partnering with sister-disciplines. The fact that our annual meeting is now M&M, not just MSA, should be evidence enough. Let's keep the splintering to a minimum and use headers, instead, to divvy up the info.
I would suggest using a thin 6H SiC specimen in (0001) orietation. 6H - SiC has a lattice spacing of c=1.511 nm , so try to image these lattice fringes in the STEM, but you may find that the collection angle of your objective aperture to be too big i.e. you may have three or four beams, but take several images at slightly different defocus to see what the minimum spacing is between them. Kinematically the (000m) - all m other than m=6n (integer n) beams are forbidden, but they are strong (dynamically) close to and on certain zone axes along the (000n) Kikuchi bands. Good Luck. JOn -- ***************************************** Jonathan Barnard
Microstructural Physics, H.H.Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL.
The little info I have suggests that Glycerol Borate might be a nearly ideal mounting medium for my purposes. But more info seems hard to find.
It was once available commercially (from ?Glyco?) as "Aqua Resin". Alas, no more. It has been recommended by Dr. McCrone himself. I thought it best to try the list before asking Dr. M. or anyone at MRI.
Can this stuff be made by merely dissolving Borax in glycerin (+ water initially?), or is it more complicated? Does anyone have any recipes? Any tidbits of info will be appreciated.
If you look closely at the address you will see a couple of "-at-" signs. If you pull off the trailing "-at-sparc5.microscopy.com" then you should have a valid address.
I have noticed the same problem on occasion and have so learned to double-check the address before clicking the SEND button. If I forget and get an error, then I know where to look for trouble.
I think Nestor may have explained why this happens. I forget the explanation, and it is not always a problem. So I basically just try to be careful.
Warren
At 09:09 AM 12/7/98 -0800, you wrote: } p.s. everytime I try to reply to the } MicroToday-at-aol.com-at-sparc5.microscopy.com I get a bad address and the } message is thrown back, does anybody know why?
Paula, and others who have read her message as regards the salary survey,
The reply to the listserv:
"Not interesting, just sad. No matter how good we are or how hard we try, women still are considered second class citizens and our salaries reflect that. We're used to, but not happy about, being paid less almost 100% of the time.
Paula :-(
Paula Sicurello"
is an example of sloppy thinking. One piece of summary statistical data does not demonstrate anything about the treatment of a group as there may be systematic factors which explain data such as was cited. After all, there is more data, according to the authors of the survey, not yet put on the listserv due to formatting questions.
After all, those who conducted the survey wrote previously that there were not enough data points to justify the publication of the survey, in their original opinion. The use of small samples to measure a group leads to errors. The fact that those who conducted the survey brought up such a point after having originally said that there was not enough data to publish suggests that they may have been fishing for statements such as Paula's. In my opinion, that is an irresponsible use of survey data.
A major problem today in the media, one which frustrates scientists such as those who pay attention to this list, is the poor understanding of statistics and their use in science, social or natural, held by reporters and the general public. This can lead to poor decision making which can in turn hurt scientific research in terms of both funding and public opinion. As a good example, consider the nonsense about power lines and cancer.
The comment in question here is another example of such weak reasoning. If scientists choose to think these questions through in such a manner, how can we expect the general public to do otherwise?
Doug Darnowski ****************************************************************************** Douglas Darnowski Department of Crop Sciences 384 ERML 1201 West Gregory Drive University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 work ph: (217) 244-6150 fx: (217) 333-4777 home ph: (217) 356-6606 fx: (217) 356-4454 email: darnowsk-at-staff.uiuc.edu
We routinely use the dull side, not only because of the increased "stickiness" of the membrane to the rough surface, but also because if you put the film on the shiny side and then coat it with carbon as we always do, you have 2 dull sides. It is, thus, more difficult to determine where the sample is when one flips over--particularly if you're doing negative stains. This may not be the case for cryosections in methyl cellulose or epoxy sections, but we always use the dull side for these too to be consistent.
Sara E. Miller, Ph. D. P. O. Box 3020 Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC 27710 Ph: 919 684-3452 FAX: 919 684-8735
Confocal microscopy offers a good solution to this problem. Also, you might want to investigate the technology offered by Edge Scientific, both their R400 (a full, real time 3D imaging system which can use Phase and DIC) as well as their new Perceptra illuminating system. I will also forward some other information to you under separate cover. Edge can be reached by email at edgesci-at-primenet. In terms of confocal, there are a number of choices, ranging from BioRad to Carl Zeiss, Leica, Olympus, and Nikon. EG&G Wallac seems to be the newest player in the confocal field. For these companies, I suggest you visit either the MSA web site at www.msa.microscopy.com, MicroWorld at www.mwrn.com, or the Microscopy Vendors' Database at www.kaker.com.
Hope this is helpful.
Best regards,
At 05:51 PM 12/7/98 +0300, Savostjanov G.A. wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America | | } | home +7 (812) 5100052 |44 Thores av., 194223, St.Petersburg, Russia | } } }
Dear Confocal users, Below is an email I sent to Bio-rad regarding MRC600's and Y2K. I have received no response from them regarding these issues. Does anyone out there know the answers to these issues? Dear Bio-rad, I am the Confocal / Electron Microscopy Core Facility Manager for the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University. I am inquiring as to the Y2K status of our MRC600 Confocal Microscope System. We have had this instrument since 1991, and it continues to be a valuable instrument for this laboratory, and my department. We have collected and archived over 150 gigabytes of image data on optical disks with this instrument. This data needs to be retrievable currently, as well as in the future. The instrument is under service contract We are currently running the Comos7.0 program under Windows 95 software. We are also running macro programs out of SOM under COMOS version 6.03. These macro programs are an essential tool for several of my investigators imaging GFP (green fluorescent protein) in living organisms. Without these macro programs to run the instrument, we would be unable to obtain the information required for these experiments. We also run CAS 2.5 and CAS 3.10 for converting images to tiff formats and for creating 24 bit merged color tiff files for export to other programs. I need to know a) if this instrument will continue operating on and after 01-01-2000, b) whether or not previously collected images will be read by the program, c) if we will continue to be able to run macros under the SOM command shell, d) what software and / or hardware upgrades will be required, and when you will have them available?
Sincerely,
Info & Images at http://www.molbio.princeton.edu/confocal/
Joe Goodhouse Confocal / EM Core Lab Manager Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University jgoodhose-at-molbio.princeton.edu 609-258-5432
I have been looking for a binocular phase-contrast microscope during the last year or so. I recently received an A. Daigger & Company, Inc., Lincolnshire, Illinois catalogue which lists a reasonable priced (1095.00) microscope. The microscope is a LABOROCON (TM) with a 5 year warranty. The price seems reasonable, but I have no experience with this product and don't know anyone who has. I will appreciated hearing from anyone who has any experience with this microscope. I would be interested in learning if anyone knows of somone who handles second hand microscopes that I might contact. As I am not a subscriber, please contact me directly at WPTT39A-at-prodigy. com Regards, Bob Davis
Whether this particular study is statistically sound in terms of men's vs. women's salaries, it is well documented (C&E News and others) that this is still a problem in the scientific arena, even though things have improved from years ago. I happen to think it is quite humorous that whenever this issue comes up, in any conversation or whatever, some man or men immediately jump up and start defending themselves by claiming that this is not true, or even worse, ranting about reverse discrimination that they claim to know all about and have experienced! So defensive! I wonder why?
So how does one explain the dominance of men in the field, as evidenced by fewer tenured professors, etc., and I don't know if NIH breaks down its grants this way, but there are certainly many fewer Howard Hughes recipients who are female, and nobel laureates for that matter. I think it is a rational deduction that there is much less respect for women in science, and that despite the changing times, there is still an "old boys network" in place. Surveys in the business field have certainly demonstrated that women are often paid less despite similar qualifications. I'm sorry that more people did not respond to the survey to achieve statistical significance, as to how the results might have changed with more responses.....
I would like to add my whole-hearted agreement. One of the things I value about the MSA listserver is the ability to read postings from, and make contacts with microscopists from a cross-disciplinary range of backgrounds, particularly since one of my own research areas is interdisciplinary in nature.
Gill Bond Dept Materials & Met. Eng. New Mexico Tech
On Mon, 7 Dec 1998, Barbara Foster wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Dear all, } } } Usually I try to stay out of the "political" discussions, but I would } like to put my two cents in on this one. } } } My initial training in microscopy came from the Royal Microscopical } Society in England. One thing which differentiated their approach from } more typical US courses was their cross-disciplinary perspective: } electron microscopists talked to light microscopists and materials } scientists learned new staining approaches from biologists, etc. We all } benefit from the diverse postings on the MSA listserver. I agree with } Jordi, that headers would be helpful when our mailboxes get too full, but } I, for one, learn as much as possible about "what the other guy is doing" } so that I can add to my own experience base. } } } By the way: as an avid "industry watcher", I can tell you with certainty } that the current trend in professional societies is toward partnering } with sister-disciplines. The fact that our annual meeting is now M&M, } not just MSA, should be evidence enough. Let's keep the splintering to a } minimum and use headers, instead, to divvy up the info. } } } Hope this is helpful. } } Barbara Foster } } Consortium President } } {color} {param} 0000,8080,0000 {/param} Microscopy/Microscopy Education } ..Educating microscopists for greater productivity. } } } {/color} 125 Paridon Street Suite 102 Springfield, MA 01118 } } PH: (413)746-6931 FX: (413)746-9311 email: mme-at-map.com } } Visit our web site { {http://www.MME-Microscopy.com/education} } } ****************************************************** } } {bigger} {bigger} MME {/bigger} {/bigger} is America's first national } consortium dedicated to } } customized on-site training in all areas of } } microscopy, sample preparation, and image analysis {bigger} . } } {/bigger} } } } } } } } At 08:10 AM 12/7/98 -0700, Marti, Jordi wrote: } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } I tend to agree with Chuck. } } } } } } So far the listserver has been a good source of infomation. I think } we } } } would all lose if we splinter into smaller listservers. If anything } I } } } would consider using better (i.e. clearer) Subject Identifiers. For } } } example, one could use headers such as Bio (for Biological), Mat (for } } } Materials ) and Gen. (for general ) subjects. This would make it easier } for } } } a reader to decide if he/she wants to open a given posting. I } believe } } } something like this was proposed by others in the past. } } } } } } We also get much useful information from vendors (I am not a vendor) } and } } } if we were to split this would pose increased problems for both } vendors } } } as well as us microscopists in terms of the time spent searching } and } } } posting messages. } } } } } } In short, I think we would lose more than what we would gain. } } } } } } Jordi Marti } } } } } } } } } ---------- } } } } From: Garber, Charles A. } } } To: MICROSCOPY BB } } } Subject: New listserver } } } Date: Saturday, December 05, 1998 11:49AM } } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } -- [ From: Garber, Charles A. * EMC.Ver #3.1 ] -- } } } } } } Dr. Rik Brydson wrote: } } } ===================================== } } } Some information on a new listserver recently set up. I encourage you } to } } } join Please display in your institution. } } } } } } Many thanks, } } } ================================================ } } } It is not clear to me how this new listserver would in some way } contribute } } } to the objectives as outlined, in ways not possible via the existing } } } listserver sponsored by the Microscopy Society of America. Right now, } if } } } someone has a question, they need post it in only one place, if the } "places" } } } were fragmented, to get the same full coverage, one would have to place } it } } } in more than one place. } } } } } } And for those who felt they wanted to subscribe to more than one } listserver, } } } they are going to be reading the same postings more than one time. } } } } } } I would cast my vote that the system we have "ain't broken" and } therefore we } } } shouldn't try to fix it! } } } } } } Chuck } } } } } } } } } } } } =================================================== } } } Charles A. Garber, Ph. D. Ph: 1-(610)-436-5400 } } } President 1-(800)-2424-SPI } } } SPI SUPPLIES FAX: 1-(610)-436-5755 } } } PO BOX 656 e-mail: cgarber-at-2spi.com } } } West Chester, PA 19381-0656 USA Cust. Service: spi2spi-at-2spi.com } } } } } } } } } Look for us! } } } ############################ } } } WWW: www.2spi.com } } } ############################ } } } ================================================== } } } } } } } } } } } } } } }
My two cents - Some of these issues came up when we started an Australasian microscopy listserver a few years ago. I think there has to be some specialisation, otherwise the global system will get clogged with groups in Rekjavik, East Wapping and Te Awamutu announcing local meetings etc. We find a three-level system seems to work pretty well - so we run a server for Canberra, and one for Australasia, and its a commonsense decision whether to send a message to one of these or to MSA. So the MSA server doubles as the global as well as the national US system, because it was first up, filled a need, can handle the traffic, and because Nestor is willing to do the work. For which much thanks, Nestor! The establishment of more national servers outside the US is a natural evolution, if they are dealing with purely regional issues. But trying to split the "world-wide" conversation place into regional groups would be pointless. Probably any schism is liable to be self-healing anyway - methodological postings and general questions of techno-socio-philosophy will tend to be sent to the widest distribution list.
Sally ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr Sally Stowe |Email: stowe-at-rsbs.anu.edu.au Facility Coordinator |Post: GPO Box 475 ANU Electron Microscopy Unit |ANUEMU (RSBS) Ph 61 (0)2 6249 2743 |Australian National Univ. FAX 61 (0)2 6249 4891 |Canberra, Australia 2601 http://online.anu.edu.au/EMU/home.htm
BArbara what antibody are you working with? how are you processing the tissue? what are your results from LM of DAB immunostaining? what dilutions are you currently using with your Abs? these are a few questions needed to be addressed, I would be happpy to help once I have more info
-Mike Rock On Fri, 4 Dec 1998, Barbara Plowman wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Hi Listserver! } I am doing some immunohistochemistry and have made two attempts but with no } luck at getting any gold label. My question is whether to use a lower } dilution gold-antibody or extend the incubation from 4 hours to overnight or } both? I am a self-confessed rookie at this, so any information on the subject } would be appreciated . } }
Elaine- if you examine grids by SEM you will "see" there is adifference between the shiny side (which is smoother) than the dull side of a grid (which is rougher) the rougher side has more surface area and thus makes a better contact with films or sections, which in turn keeps them on the grid. -Mike
We have a JEOL 100B (1974) TEM available at no cost. The microscope is operational and was converted to operate at 120kV. Also included will be a second column and HV tank and various other accessories.
Any interested party should contact me as follows:
Paul E. Fischione E.A. Fischione Instruments, Inc. 9003 Corporate Circle Export, PA 15632 Phone (724)325-5444 FAX (724)325-5443 e-mail pe_fischione-at-fischione.com
Not a problem a cryostat would make this very easy to section -at- 10 microns you would need to have specimen temperature control available, and have the microtome, knife & anti-roll set to 15-20 deg C colder than the lipstick.
Best Regards
Alan Bright
Bright Instrument Co.Ltd. St Margarets Way Huntingdon PE18 6EB England
Tel No; 01480 454528 Fax No;01480 456031 Email ; Bright-at-dial.pipex.com
-----Original Message----- } From: Barbara Weyn {ingridb-at-uia.ua.ac.be} To: Microscopy-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com {Microscopy-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com}
Personally, the quantity of information, though somewhat diverse, is perfectsly fine. I agree, be more clear w.r.t. subject headings. I usually delete a handful or more of msg's before opening any if they appear to not be of interest. I also subsc. to about five listservers in other areas, and run then all through the same email account. Roughly 500-750 emails per day on this account alone. Absolutely no problems.
Leave the Microscopy list alone. Much of the Bio-type information has been relevant to my work in Materials-type research, etc.
TJ
__ _-==-=_,-. /--`' \_-at---at-.-- { Tim (TJ) LaFave Jr. `--'\ \ {___/. Department of Physics \ \\ " / University of North Carolina, Charlotte } =\\_/` { Charlotte, NC 28223 ____ /= | \_|/ _' `\ _/=== \___/ (704)547-3392 [x4] `___/ //\./=/~\====\ (704)509-6622 [Hm] \ // / | ===: http://www.iit.edu/~lafatim | ._/_,__|_ ==: __ \/ \\ \\`--| / \\ ---------- +*+ ---------- | _ \\: /==:-\ `.__' `-____/ |--|==: Such that the future be theirs \ \ ===\ :==:`-' to shape and direct. _} \ ===\ /==/ -----------------------------------------------------------------
On Mon, 7 Dec 1998, Marti, Jordi wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } I tend to agree with Chuck. } } So far the listserver has been a good source of infomation. I think we } would all lose if we splinter into smaller listservers. If anything I } would consider using better (i.e. clearer) Subject Identifiers. For } example, one could use headers such as Bio (for Biological), Mat (for } Materials ) and Gen. (for general ) subjects. This would make it easier for } a reader to decide if he/she wants to open a given posting. I believe } something like this was proposed by others in the past. } } We also get much useful information from vendors (I am not a vendor) and } if we were to split this would pose increased problems for both vendors } as well as us microscopists in terms of the time spent searching and } posting messages. } } In short, I think we would lose more than what we would gain. } } Jordi Marti } } } ---------- } } From: Garber, Charles A. } To: MICROSCOPY BB } Subject: New listserver } Date: Saturday, December 05, 1998 11:49AM } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } -- [ From: Garber, Charles A. * EMC.Ver #3.1 ] -- } } Dr. Rik Brydson wrote: } ===================================== } Some information on a new listserver recently set up. I encourage you to } join Please display in your institution. } } Many thanks, } ================================================ } It is not clear to me how this new listserver would in some way contribute } to the objectives as outlined, in ways not possible via the existing } listserver sponsored by the Microscopy Society of America. Right now, if } someone has a question, they need post it in only one place, if the "places" } were fragmented, to get the same full coverage, one would have to place it } in more than one place. } } And for those who felt they wanted to subscribe to more than one listserver, } they are going to be reading the same postings more than one time. } } I would cast my vote that the system we have "ain't broken" and therefore we } shouldn't try to fix it! } } Chuck } } } } =================================================== } Charles A. Garber, Ph. D. Ph: 1-(610)-436-5400 } President 1-(800)-2424-SPI } SPI SUPPLIES FAX: 1-(610)-436-5755 } PO BOX 656 e-mail: cgarber-at-2spi.com } West Chester, PA 19381-0656 USA Cust. Service: spi2spi-at-2spi.com } } } Look for us! } ############################ } WWW: www.2spi.com } ############################ } ================================================== } }
.again, a concurrence. Notes from abroad (from the U.S.) are usually the notes to watch for. :) IN America I've noticed time and again that we want to 'finitize' everything. Hence the reason I initially avoided Electrical Engineering as a course of study. Leave the list as it is, perhaps tighten up the content, subject lines, and make a more strict statement RE: off-topic posts (LIKE THIS ONE!) --i.e. forbid them.
TJ
__ _-==-=_,-. /--`' \_-at---at-.-- { Tim (TJ) LaFave Jr. `--'\ \ {___/. Department of Physics \ \\ " / University of North Carolina, Charlotte } =\\_/` { Charlotte, NC 28223 ____ /= | \_|/ _' `\ _/=== \___/ (704)547-3392 [x4] `___/ //\./=/~\====\ (704)509-6622 [Hm] \ // / | ===: http://www.iit.edu/~lafatim | ._/_,__|_ ==: __ \/ \\ \\`--| / \\ ---------- +*+ ---------- | _ \\: /==:-\ `.__' `-____/ |--|==: Such that the future be theirs \ \ ===\ :==:`-' to shape and direct. _} \ ===\ /==/ -----------------------------------------------------------------
On Mon, 7 Dec 1998, Barbara Foster wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Dear all, } } } Usually I try to stay out of the "political" discussions, but I would } like to put my two cents in on this one. } } } My initial training in microscopy came from the Royal Microscopical } Society in England. One thing which differentiated their approach from } more typical US courses was their cross-disciplinary perspective: } electron microscopists talked to light microscopists and materials } scientists learned new staining approaches from biologists, etc. We all } benefit from the diverse postings on the MSA listserver. I agree with } Jordi, that headers would be helpful when our mailboxes get too full, but } I, for one, learn as much as possible about "what the other guy is doing" } so that I can add to my own experience base. } } } By the way: as an avid "industry watcher", I can tell you with certainty } that the current trend in professional societies is toward partnering } with sister-disciplines. The fact that our annual meeting is now M&M, } not just MSA, should be evidence enough. Let's keep the splintering to a } minimum and use headers, instead, to divvy up the info. } } } Hope this is helpful. } } Barbara Foster } } Consortium President } } {color} {param} 0000,8080,0000 {/param} Microscopy/Microscopy Education } ..Educating microscopists for greater productivity. } } } {/color} 125 Paridon Street Suite 102 Springfield, MA 01118 } } PH: (413)746-6931 FX: (413)746-9311 email: mme-at-map.com } } Visit our web site { {http://www.MME-Microscopy.com/education} } } ****************************************************** } } {bigger} {bigger} MME {/bigger} {/bigger} is America's first national } consortium dedicated to } } customized on-site training in all areas of } } microscopy, sample preparation, and image analysis {bigger} . } } {/bigger} } } } } } } } At 08:10 AM 12/7/98 -0700, Marti, Jordi wrote: } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } I tend to agree with Chuck. } } } } } } So far the listserver has been a good source of infomation. I think } we } } } would all lose if we splinter into smaller listservers. If anything } I } } } would consider using better (i.e. clearer) Subject Identifiers. For } } } example, one could use headers such as Bio (for Biological), Mat (for } } } Materials ) and Gen. (for general ) subjects. This would make it easier } for } } } a reader to decide if he/she wants to open a given posting. I } believe } } } something like this was proposed by others in the past. } } } } } } We also get much useful information from vendors (I am not a vendor) } and } } } if we were to split this would pose increased problems for both } vendors } } } as well as us microscopists in terms of the time spent searching } and } } } posting messages. } } } } } } In short, I think we would lose more than what we would gain. } } } } } } Jordi Marti } } } } } } } } } ---------- } } } } From: Garber, Charles A. } } } To: MICROSCOPY BB } } } Subject: New listserver } } } Date: Saturday, December 05, 1998 11:49AM } } } } } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } } } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of } America } } } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to } ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } } } On-Line Help } http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } } } } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } } } } } } -- [ From: Garber, Charles A. * EMC.Ver #3.1 ] -- } } } } } } Dr. Rik Brydson wrote: } } } ===================================== } } } Some information on a new listserver recently set up. I encourage you } to } } } join Please display in your institution. } } } } } } Many thanks, } } } ================================================ } } } It is not clear to me how this new listserver would in some way } contribute } } } to the objectives as outlined, in ways not possible via the existing } } } listserver sponsored by the Microscopy Society of America. Right now, } if } } } someone has a question, they need post it in only one place, if the } "places" } } } were fragmented, to get the same full coverage, one would have to place } it } } } in more than one place. } } } } } } And for those who felt they wanted to subscribe to more than one } listserver, } } } they are going to be reading the same postings more than one time. } } } } } } I would cast my vote that the system we have "ain't broken" and } therefore we } } } shouldn't try to fix it! } } } } } } Chuck } } } } } } } } } } } } =================================================== } } } Charles A. Garber, Ph. D. Ph: 1-(610)-436-5400 } } } President 1-(800)-2424-SPI } } } SPI SUPPLIES FAX: 1-(610)-436-5755 } } } PO BOX 656 e-mail: cgarber-at-2spi.com } } } West Chester, PA 19381-0656 USA Cust. Service: spi2spi-at-2spi.com } } } } } } } } } Look for us! } } } ############################ } } } WWW: www.2spi.com } } } ############################ } } } ================================================== } } } } } } } } } } } } } } }
Thanks for telling me what was wrong with the address to Microscopy Today. For those of us who are not real literate with computers the answer was the fact that there were 2 -at- symbols in the address. From now on I will check to make sure there is only one -at-. But does anyone know why there were 2 -at-'s in the address to begin with?
Another comment is to the people to my big sigh... I've heard from several people who thought I jumped the gun by commenting before all the data was presented. That is true but it still does not address the fact the women are paid less than men for the same work. Now, guys, don't get in a huff, but that has been true for years.
Plus to ease the mind of others who feel underpaid because of what the averages were (who like me are paid a lot less than the average), we need to see the total results & find out the demographics of the whole survey. I tried to respond to the survey, but my illiteracy with computers & e-mail prevented me from sending my answers (see above).
Think of it this way, there must be some great paying jobs out there. We just have to know where to find 'em.
Paula :-)
Paula Sicurello UC Berkeley Electron Microscope Lab psic-at-uclink4.berkeley.edu phone: 510-642-2085 fax: 510-643-6207 http://biology.berkeley.edu/EML
One solution to your calibration problem is using the MAG*I*CAL TEM Calibration Standard.
The MAG*I*CAL is a TEM calibration standard that performs all of the thr= ee major instrument calibrations for a TEM: image magnification; camera constant for indexing diffraction patterns; and image/diffraction patter= n rotation for relating crystal directions to features in the image. =
MAG*I*CAL consists of an electron transparent cross-sectional TEM sample made from a MBE grown, single-crystal semiconductor wafer. When the calibration structure is viewed in a TEM, it appears as a series of light=
and dark layers where the layer thicknesses are accurately known. The calibrated thickness measurements of these light (silicon) and dark (SiGe=
alloy) layers are based on careful TEM measurements of the {111} lattice=
spacing of silicon which is visible on the calibration sample itself, and=
are supported by x-ray diffraction measurements. The layer spacings are designed so that the sample can be used to calibrate the entire magnification range in a TEM - from 1,000X to 1,000,000X. As the sample = is also a single crystal of silicon, the calibrations requiring electron diffraction information such as the camera constant and image/diffraction=
pattern rotation can also be performed easily and unambiguously. One single calibration sample can therefore be used to provide all three of t= he major TEM instrument calibrations at all magnifications and all camera lengths.
With regard to the traceability and certification of the MAG*I*CAL(TM) calibration sample, each sample is grown on {001} oriented single crystal=
silicon, and all spacings on the sample are directly referenced to the =
cross-sectional (111) lattice spacing of silicon. This spacing is visibl= e by lattice imaging on the sample itself, giving each sample the capabilit= y of being self-calibrating. Each unit comes with a numbered certificate,=
the =
text of which is included below. This certificate has been used for ISO 9000 certification, with the argument that to our knowledge, this is the highest quality TEM sample available anywhere in the world at this time. = =
The MAG*I*CAL (TM) calibration sample consists of sets of thin, nominally=
10 nm alloy layers of Si0.81Ge0.19 alternating with 10 nm pure silicon layers, on a single crystal silicon {001} substrate. These electronic device quality layers were grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) as strained layers, i.e., the alloy layers have a slightly different crystal=
lattice constant, but are strained to conform to the lattice spacing of pure silicon, so that the material remains single crystal. Lattice image= s should therefore be taken in the region of the sample containing no Ge, b= ut other measurements are unaffected. The layer thickness variation across t= he wafer was measured by double crystal x-ray diffraction (DCXRD) mapping as= { 1.0%. =
All four sets of the five thin Si0.81Ge0.19 alloy layers and alternating pure silicon layers (superlattices) were directly calibrated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) with the cross-section= al (111) =
lattice spacing of the single crystal silicon substrate, equal to 0.31354= 3 nm [1]. These measurements are also supported by (DCXRD). =
The error in all spacings in the superlattices is one atomic layer:
=A6t =3D +0.3 nm or approximately +3% The larger, nominally 1.0 micron silicon spacings were calibrated against=
these superlattices. The total error across the entire calibration sampl= e is given as:
=A6t =3D + 3%
[1] CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton,=
Florida 33431
I also have copies of other research papers that have been written by th= e developer, John Mccaffrey, which will provide you with much greater detail. If you have an interest= , please let me know and I'll forward the information to you.
If you require any additional information, please feel free to contact me=
I have a student that would like to try to section his material. Where can he purchase Z-6040?
Thanks
Mike
============================================================ Michael Dunlap lab (530) 752-0284 Facility For Advanced Instrumentation fax (530) 752-4412 9-Hutchison Hall University of California mrdunlap-at-ucdavis.edu One Shields Ave. http://FAI.ucdavis.edu Davis CA, 95616-8594 ============================================================
Hi: I am still looking for a Zeiss 10C. Will pay top $$$ for it. Also, if you need parts for a Philips 300 please let me know. Peter Jordan, EMSI 909 694-1839
} } there is still an "old boys } } network" in place. } } Yes it's nagging social issue, but cripes, maybe we should split into } separate male and female microscopy listservers......... } } } } (just a joke)
I am glad that the sense of humor hasn't totally gone lost...... Thanks Arthur! Thanks mate!
I have followed the discussion about this hot topic with increasing interest. I somehow agree with those saying that you should only believe in a statistic which you have manipulated by yourself.
But even if the survey is not really reliable I am pretty sure that most of us agree that the result does match the general knowledge about discrimiation and that also might be the reason for those frustrated comments. I am happy that the situation of women has increased over the last decades (otherwise I might not be able to post this contribution here), but it is much too early to lean back there is still a lot to fight for.
In my opinion the salary question is just one out of an uncountable number of symptoms, the origin is located much deeper. Just to give some keywords: equal education, who sacrifices the career for looking after kids... and so on...
I remember a conference annoucement on this listserver which said: "Dear Sirs...". OF COURSE I complained and finally it came out that it was because of a misunderstanding and I got a big apologize. Okay. But as long as things like this happen at all, I know that discrimination is present!!
Now to make this contribution seriously scientific: There was a question for literature about negative staining recently. Have a look at: "Has negative staining still a place in biomacromolecuar electron microscopy?", A. Bremer, Ch. Henn, A. Engel, W. Baumeister, U. Aebi, Ultramocroscopy 46 (1992) 85-111
Bettina
*** Bettina Wolpensinger Electron Microscope Unit University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA phone: +612 9385 6390 fax: +621 9385 6400 b.wolpensinger-at-unsw.edu.au http://srv.emunit.unsw.edu.au ***
The Relief Contrast according to Hostounsky, RCH makes it possible to observe objects possessing low natural contrast i.e. possessing almost the same index of refraction as their surroundings. This new contrast enhancing method makes use of interaction of skew monochromatic rays with the aperture of RCH condenser. This device consists of an Abbe-type condenser (numerical aperture 1.2), a relief diaphragm, and a tiltable interference filter. The aperture iris diaphragm of the condenser is controlled by a ring with an aperture scale 0.1 - 1.3, and the relief diaphragm is operated by a lever on the condenser side between 0 and I. The contrast enhancement in the position "O" is minimal and in the position "I" maximal. A knob (also on the condenser side) changes the interference filter tilt which controls the wavelength of the monochromatic light. each condenser is provided with a table showing the wavelength which belong to the scale numbers showing the tilt size. In the set is also contained a wrench serving for insertion and removal of the condenser from its bracket in the substage condenser carrier. The RCH condenser for the relief contrast can by applied only with microscope objectives with magnification 10 : 1 and more. Advantage of the Houstounsky's relief Contrast Method is most esteemed by scientists studying living objects: micro-organisms, cells in tissue cultures, yeast cells, sperm cells, algae, etc. The device is applicable in research laboratory and in medical diagnostic laboratory, ecological and hydrobiological laboratory, and also in school training.
If you need more information do not hesitate to ask.
Price is from US$ 1075 plus postage and handling. attachment for CCD camera and photo available.
Orders: LAMBDA PRAHA Inc. Musilkova 12/448 150 00 Praha 5 Czech Rep. Phone Fax: (420+2) 572 107 60
Keep care and be of good cheer.
Regards
Vratislav Richard Eugene Maria John Baptiste of Bejsak (Bayshark)-Collorado-Mansfeld
Coleoptera - Australia, Tenebrionidae of World (incl. Lagriinae, Alleculinae)
Temporally home address: 32 Girrawheen Ave. Kiama NSW 2533 Australia e-mail: vratislav-at-bigfoot.com ricardo-at-ans.com.au (before Ricardo-at-compuserve.com and ricardo-at-login.cz ) phone : 0061 0414 540 465
Only after the last tree has been cut down, only after the last river has been poisoned, only after the last fish has been caught, only then will you find that money can not be eaten.' CREE INDIAN PROPHECY.
To split listserver into small section do not work, or all section will slowly dissapear. I can see it on Entomology listserver and Buprestidae listserver, first still work well but Buprestidae listserver has zero traffic in this time...
Keep care and be of good cheer.
Regards
Vratislav Richard Eugene Maria John Baptiste of Bejsak (Bayshark)-Collorado-Mansfeld
Coleoptera - Australia, Tenebrionidae of World (incl. Lagriinae, Alleculinae)
Temporally home address: 32 Girrawheen Ave. Kiama NSW 2533 Australia e-mail: vratislav-at-bigfoot.com ricardo-at-ans.com.au (before Ricardo-at-compuserve.com and ricardo-at-login.cz ) phone : 0061 0414 540 465
Only after the last tree has been cut down, only after the last river has been poisoned, only after the last fish has been caught, only then will you find that money can not be eaten.' CREE INDIAN PROPHECY.
I said previously that you should use the (0001) orientation- which is wrong -as this is down the c axis. The orientation of the 6H - SiC you should use is somewhere between [1-100] and the [11-20] directions i.e. with the (000n) planes perpendicular to the beam. Sorry for the mistake.
Jon
-- ***************************************** Jonathan Barnard
Microstructural Physics, H.H.Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL.
Perhaps you mean glycerin jelly with borax acc. to Fischer? The original recipe was published in Ztschr. f. wiss. Mikr., XXIX, p. 65, 1912.
The main advantage of this solution is, that it is liquid at RT... It's said that it hardens rapidly.
This is the recipe as quoted in Langeron, M.: "Precis de microscopie", 1934, p. 603.
Distilled water 240 g borax (= Na2B4O7): 5g glycerin: 25g gelatin: 40g
Dissolve all at RT. After solution put "some time" in a paraffin incubator. This solution needs to be neutral...
I don't know the Ri of this medium...
Have you considered von Apathy's medium for your purpose?
Hope this helps...
Yvan Lindekens, Belgium.
} The little info I have suggests that Glycerol Borate might be a nearly ideal } mounting medium for my purposes. But more info seems hard to find. } Scott Harden
POSTDOCTORAL POSITION - CELL PHYSIOLOGY I have an opening for a Postdoctoral Fellow in my laboratory . The research is concerned with the cellular and molecular biology of drug transport across the renal tubule and the blood-brain barrier. We use isolated renal proximal tubules, renal cells in culture, isolated brain capillaries, fluorescent substrates and confocal microscopy to follow transport across cells. Our goals are to 1) characterize the fundamental membrane-based and intracellular processes involved, 2) determine how they are controlled by hormones and xenobioitcs, and 3) identify the signal transduction pathways involved. Candidates should have a Ph.D. or M.D. degree, less than 5 years of postdoctoral experience and a background in cellular physiology, membrane transport or renal physiology. This is a non-tenure track position (NIH IRTA Fellow).
A few months ago, there was a thread on Automatic Specimen processors. At that time, we were not interested in purchasing one, but certain circumstances have led us to reconsider. I need some prices on them, and some feed back from anyone who may have purchased one and could provide me with some information on the advantages and/or disadvantages with their product. If people could reply to me directly, I would greatly appreciate. I need this information ASAP (like today), so I can put forth the request to the powers that be.
Quotations and information can also be faxed to the number below.
Cheers,
Susan
Susan Carbyn (Electron Microscopist) Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Kentville, Nova Scotia B4N 1J5 Canada
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---------------------- Forwarded by Nancy Zjaba/Americas/NSC on 12/08/98 08:17 AM ---------------------------
Nancy Zjaba 12/08/98 07:29 AM To: B.Wolpensinger-at-unsw.edu.au -at- Internet cc:
Interesting thread on the salary survey results...
I've worked in various settings, not all scientific, and one of the things I have found interesting is the reaction of some men to blatant discrimination against the women they work with. While they have not been directly responsible for the discrimination, they simply sit back and observe silently. They are in no way inclined to alter a situation that benefits them. Logically, why should they?
I think that's a big part of the issue. For discrimination of any kind to end, the members of the favored group must exercise some form of moral conviction to stop the discrimination. Sometimes that happens, sometimes it doesn't.
Nancy Zjaba National Semiconductor (a very good place to work, I must add) South Portland, ME
by node21.frontiernet.net (8.8.8a/8.8.8) with SMTP id IAA94146; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 08:25:06 -0500
Let me put forth a 'possible' (i.e., no data to support this, just observation) explanation - as a vendor who has worked with the microscopy community for a few years, I have a noticed that many more women are entering this profession than men. I believe that I have read that this is true in most science (not necessarily engineering) fields today. If that observation is correct, then perhaps the lower average salary is a result of greater numbers of women new to the field.
Yes, there does seem to be an old boys network at the top, but given the sheer numbers of women entering the field, that can't stay like that forever. I don't want to belittle this if it truly is a case of women doing the same job and being paid less - that certainly is not right - but I think that if my observations are correct, and have contributed to this sampling error - then maybe in the long run it is a good sign, and as these new microscopists gain experience the median salary will rise, and the differential will decrease.
Just a thought, and only my own - not my employers -
------------------------------ Scott Ireland North American Sales Manager Media Cybernetics, L.P. "The Imaging Experts" 716.473.0222 Tel 716.473.8048 Fax 888.691.2492 Pager scott-at-mediacy.com http://www.mediacy.com http://www.optimas.com -----------------------------
-----Original Message----- } From: Dr. Rachel Teitelbaum [mailto:teitelba-at-aecom.yu.edu] Sent: Monday, December 07, 1998 5:26 PM To: Douglas W. Darnowski Cc: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
So how does one explain the dominance of men in the field, as evidenced by fewer tenured professors, etc., and I don't know if NIH breaks down its grants this way, but there are certainly many fewer Howard Hughes recipients who are female, and nobel laureates for that matter. I think it is a rational deduction that there is much less respect for women in science, and that despite the changing times, there is still an "old boys network" in place. Surveys in the business field have certainly demonstrated that women are often paid less despite similar qualifications. I'm sorry that more people did not respond to the survey to achieve statistical significance, as to how the results might have changed with more responses.....
maybe some of you guys could help this gentleman out. This is out of my field here. Reply to him directly as he is not yet a member of this list. His email address is:
encosrl-at-tin.it
thanks
} From: "ENCO Srl" {encosrl-at-tin.it} } To: {sdw-at-biotech.ufl.edu} } Subject: A request of information } Date: Tue, 8 Dec 1998 11:50:30 +0100 } X-MSMail-Priority: Normal } X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3 } X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3 } } Dear Ladies and Gentlemen I am an Italian student of physics at } university of Padua (Italy). I am going to work on a thesis about wetting } and adhesion properties of liquid on glass and polymers . I am very } interested on finding correlations between the surface energetical } properties of glass and polymers surfaces determinated by macroscopic } wettability and contact angle measurements and their microscopic structure } studied by spectroscopic technique. At the moment, one argument could be } the problems arising when pharmaceutical products become in contact with } glass or polymeric compounds; some pharmaceutical products in fact can } adhere on glasses or polymers loosing or chancing in that way their } properties. Unfortunately I do not know exactly which technique I have } better use and I can not find any good references about the idea to } correlate wettability to those microscopic technique. On your well } organised web site I could understand you are dealing with similar } problems everyday. Would you mind helping me, please ? I need to know if } it is possible: Where is possible to find some bibliographic } references If someone has already studied the problem of } wettability of glasses and polymers by liquids How to correlate the } microscopic structure and/or chemical composition of glass surfaces to } contact angle measurement. Indeed, please I would like to know what } do you think about these project: composition can changed and so } contact angle and wettability measurement can change . ? ) and } then correlate the changes of contact angle and wettability to different } chemical structure of glasses surfaces . Please may you tell me what you } sincerly think about this project ? My adress is: encosrl-at-tin.it Best } regard and of course thank you very much . Via filande, 13 30038 } Spinea (Venice), Italy.
} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} { GO GATORS Scott D. Whittaker 218 Carr Hall EM Technician Gainesville, FL 32610 University Of Florida ph 352-392-1184 ICBR EM Core Lab fax 352-846-0251 sdw-at-biotech.ufl.edu http://www.biotech.ufl.edu/~emcl/ The home of " Tips & Tricks "
maybe some of you guys could help this gentleman out. This is out of my field here. Reply to him directly as he is not yet a member of this list.
His email address is:
encosrl-at-tin.it
} From: "ENCO Srl" {encosrl-at-tin.it} } To: {sdw-at-biotech.ufl.edu} } Subject: A request of information } Date: Tue, 8 Dec 1998 11:50:30 +0100 } X-MSMail-Priority: Normal } X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3 } X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3 } } Dear Ladies and Gentlemen I am an Italian student of physics at } university of Padua (Italy). I am going to work on a thesis about wetting } and adhesion properties of liquid on glass and polymers . I am very } interested on finding correlations between the surface energetical } properties of glass and polymers surfaces determinated by macroscopic } wettability and contact angle measurements and their microscopic structure } studied by spectroscopic technique. At the moment, one argument could be } the problems arising when pharmaceutical products become in contact with } glass or polymeric compounds; some pharmaceutical products in fact can } adhere on glasses or polymers loosing or chancing in that way their } properties. Unfortunately I do not know exactly which technique I have } better use and I can not find any good references about the idea to } correlate wettability to those microscopic technique. On your well } organised web site I could understand you are dealing with similar } problems everyday. Would you mind helping me, please ? I need to know if } it is possible: Where is possible to find some bibliographic } references If someone has already studied the problem of } wettability of glasses and polymers by liquids How to correlate the } microscopic structure and/or chemical composition of glass surfaces to } contact angle measurement. Indeed, please I would like to know what } do you think about these project: composition can changed and so } contact angle and wettability measurement can change . ? ) and } then correlate the changes of contact angle and wettability to different } chemical structure of glasses surfaces . Please may you tell me what you } sincerly think about this project ? My adress is: encosrl-at-tin.it Best } regard and of course thank you very much . Via filande, 13 30038 } Spinea (Venice), Italy.
Cool lipstick to -20C and cut sections in a cryomicrotome using a good steel knofe.
Patricik Echlin Cambridge
On Mon, 7 Dec 1998, Barbara Weyn wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } We have to make 10 u sections of lipstick. } Can somebody help us? } } } }
John, When I was testing for Y2K conditions in our labs, I found that many manufactures had not yet tested their own equipment - usually our tests and results prompted vendor action! We each hold the responsibility of performing tests on our tools to ensure that, even when the vendor claims compliance, nothing has been missed. I have developed some basic testing protocols that can be used on PC based equipment (a booklet for $15). I'm a firm believer that systems should be tested both before and after a "Y2K fix" has been put into place. I have seen instances where companies can claim compliance, but when tested, a system can still fail. While I'm not a software guru, and do not claim to have the "fix", I've strongly felt a need to improve the general understanding of the Y2K problem and hope to bring some knowledge and responsibility to the public and industry concerning this serious problem. (Sorry to soapbox).
In a message dated 12/8/98 12:56:40 AM Mid-Atlantic Standard Time, jgoodhouse-at-molbio.princeton.edu writes:
{ { Dear Confocal users, Below is an email I sent to Bio-rad regarding MRC600's and Y2K. I have received no response from them regarding these issues. Does anyone out there know the answers to these issues? Dear Bio-rad, I am the Confocal / Electron Microscopy Core Facility Manager for the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University. I am inquiring as to the Y2K status of our MRC600 Confocal Microscope System. We have had this instrument since 1991, and it continues to be a valuable instrument for this laboratory, and my department. We have collected and archived over 150 gigabytes of image data on optical disks with this instrument. This data needs to be retrievable currently, as well as in the future. The instrument is under service contract We are currently running the Comos7.0 program under Windows 95 software. We are also running macro programs out of SOM under COMOS version 6.03. These macro programs are an essential tool for several of my investigators imaging GFP (green fluorescent protein) in living organisms. Without these macro programs to run the instrument, we would be unable to obtain the information required for these experiments. We also run CAS 2.5 and CAS 3.10 for converting images to tiff formats and for creating 24 bit merged color tiff files for export to other programs. I need to know a) if this instrument will continue operating on and after 01-01-2000, b) whether or not previously collected images will be read by the program, c) if we will continue to be able to run macros under the SOM command shell, d) what software and / or hardware upgrades will be required, and when you will have them available?
Sincerely,
Info & Images at http://www.molbio.princeton.edu/confocal/
Joe Goodhouse Confocal / EM Core Lab Manager Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University jgoodhose-at-molbio.princeton.edu 609-258-5432 } }
Since I deal withSEMs, I don't always pay close attention to the LM topics. It would seem, once again that I have been short sighted. Another group in our department needs to remove Epon form a sampe to try decalcifying and reembeding in wax. Is there a way to do this? I thought there was a method mentioned recently.
On Mon, 07 Dec 1998 13:38:17 -0500 Barbara Foster {mme-at-map.com} wrote: } Usually I try to stay out of the "political" discussions, but I would } like to put my two cents in on this one. } My initial training in microscopy came from the Royal Microscopical } Society in England. One thing which differentiated their approach from } more typical US courses was their cross-disciplinary perspective: } electron microscopists talked to light microscopists and materials } scientists learned new staining approaches from biologists, etc. We all
Thanks for that stereotypic view of American Educational Styles. I'm glad you at least interjected "typical" in your comment. I can rest easy now knowing that our center is atypical in its approach to training microscopists here in Georgia. ******************************************** John P. Shields Center for Ultrastructural Research Barrow Hall University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (706)542-4080 jpshield-at-arches.uga.edu ********************************************
Technical Staff Position in Materials Characterization/Microprobe Analysis Los Alamos National Lab Nuclear Materials Technology Division Materials Science and Processing Group (NMT-11)
The Materials Science and Processing Group (NMT-11) of the Nuclear Materials Technology (NMT) Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory is seeking a highly motivated scientist interested in the study of plutonium and other actinide materials. The successful candidate will participate in ongoing experiments in the Pit Surveillance, Pit Rebuild, Pit Manufacturing, and MOX Fabrication Programs. The primary experimental focus will be in maintaining and advancing a microprobe and SEM lab to perform failure and investigative analysis on production problems and component failures of actinide bearing samples. The successful candidate will be expected to design, implement, and perform investigative studies to better understand the complex behavior of plutonium metal and alloys in the thermo-mechanically processed, annealed, and aged conditions. The successful candidate will also be required to perform hands-on work with plutonium and other actinides in a glovebox environment. Opportunities exist to participate in other ongoing group and division research.
Required Skills: Interested applicants shall have a strong materials science background with demonstrated experience in electron-beam instrumentation and associated detectors used for materials characterization, e.g., SEM, microprobe, EDS, WDS, TEM, etc. The position requires strong knowledge and experience in the area of phase transformations and identification. Effective oral, written and interpersonal skills are required. The ability to work on multiple programs concurrently is also required.
Desired Skills: Demonstrated work experience in an industrial environment is highly desirable. Demonstrated experience in the handling and processing of radioactive materials in a glovebox environment.
Education: A Ph.D. in metallurgy, materials science, or other physical sciences is required.
Additional Requirements: This position is subject to the requirements of the Personnel Security Assurance Program (PSAP). Candidates invited for interview for this position will be subject to a pre-employment screening check, medical examination and drug test, and must consent to be in the PSAP program at the time of the interview. A willingness to work on materials problems relevant to the safety of the US nuclear weapons stockpile, and the ability to obtain a "Q" clearance which requires US citizenship are required.
For consideration, submit: resume, publications list, cover letter outlining current research interests, the names, addresses, and phone numbers of three references, and one copy of university transcripts to:
Brad G. Storey Los Alamos National Lab P.O. Box 1663, MS: E505 Los Alamos, NM 87545 storey-at-lanl.gov 505-667-0458 phone 505-665-4394 fax Brad G. Storey Materials Science and Processing Group (NMT-11) Mail Stop: E505 Los Alamos National Lab Los Alamos, NM 87545 storey-at-lanl.gov 505-667-0458 phone 505-665-4394 fax 505-996-3129 pager
{bold} {fontfamily} {param} Times {/param} {smaller} Technical Staff Position in Materials Characterization/Microprobe Analysis
Los Alamos National Lab
Nuclear Materials Technology Division
Materials Science and Processing Group (NMT-11)
{/smaller} {/fontfamily} {/bold} {fontfamily} {param} Times {/param} {smaller} The Materials Science and Processing Group (NMT-11) of the Nuclear Materials Technology (NMT) Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory is seeking a highly motivated scientist interested in the study of plutonium and other actinide materials. The successful candidate will participate in ongoing experiments in the Pit Surveillance, Pit Rebuild, Pit Manufacturing, and MOX Fabrication Programs. The primary experimental focus will be in maintaining and advancing a microprobe and SEM lab to perform failure and investigative analysis on production problems and component failures of actinide bearing samples. The successful candidate will be expected to design, implement, and perform investigative studies to better understand the complex behavior of plutonium metal and alloys in the thermo-mechanically processed, annealed, and aged conditions. The successful candidate will also be required to perform hands-on work with plutonium and other actinides in a glovebox environment. Opportunities exist to participate in other ongoing group and division research.
{bold} {underline} Required Skills:
{/underline} {/bold} Interested applicants shall have a strong materials science background with demonstrated experience in electron-beam instrumentation and associated detectors used for materials characterization, e.g., SEM, microprobe, EDS, WDS, TEM, etc. The position requires strong knowledge and experience in the area of phase transformations and identification. Effective oral, written and interpersonal skills are required. The ability to work on multiple programs concurrently is also required.
{bold} {underline} Desired Skills:
{/underline} {/bold} Demonstrated work experience in an industrial environment is highly desirable. Demonstrated experience in the handling and processing of radioactive materials in a glovebox environment.
{bold} {underline} Education:
{/underline} {/bold} A Ph.D. in metallurgy, materials science, or other physical sciences is required.
{bold} {underline} Additional Requirements:
{/underline} {/bold} This position is subject to the requirements of the Personnel Security Assurance Program (PSAP). Candidates invited for interview for this position will be subject to a pre-employment screening check, medical examination and drug test, and must consent to be in the PSAP program at the time of the interview. A willingness to work on materials problems relevant to the safety of the US nuclear weapons stockpile, and the ability to obtain a "Q" clearance which requires US citizenship are required.
For consideration, submit: resume, publications list, cover letter outlining current research interests, the names, addresses, and phone numbers of three references, and one copy of university transcripts to:
Rachel, and others watching this thread: (this is my last message to the thread, if anyone wants to discuss it further, email personally)
} So how does one explain the dominance of men in the field, as evidenced by } fewer tenured professors, etc., and I don't know if NIH breaks down its } grants this way, but there are certainly many fewer Howard Hughes } recipients who are female, and nobel laureates for that matter.
No. Since tenure takes some time to achieve, with a PhD being the usual first step, and since there has been a change in the demographics, with regard to gender, it stands to reason that the breakdown of tenure according to sexual lines may change (indeed, it is changing, as demographics show). Other factors may intervene, such as time taken away from work to raise children, which time detracts from effort towards research and tenure.
As for Howard Hughes and Nobel, consider that those awards are given for doing certain kinds of research and for certain kinds of acheivements. Beyond the factors in the paragraph above, consider that those types of research may not appeal to as many women for some valid reasons. Thus again, an explanation without need to invoke a bogeyman such as "the old boys network."
I will add that I have a BS from Yale, a PhD from Cornell, and am a PostDoc at the U of IL. I am a white man. In the six labs in which I have worked, I have never reported directly to a white man, and in only two cases was a white man the PI (one other lab had a white man as PI, but I was doing some experiments there; he was the only white man on my thesis committee). I have supervised approximately ten undergraduate students, of whom none were white non-hispanic males (there were at other times white male undergrads who I helped with experiments, but none ever reported to me directly). In spite of this, I won an NSF, and have consistently received excellent evaluations and above-average raises, and I have never had a complaint, directly or indirectly, that I had unfairly treated any of these students. My personal experience tells me that you don't have to have people with the same skin color and complement of sex chromosomes to interact with in order to achieve.
} I think } it is a rational deduction that there is much less respect for women in } science, and that despite the changing times, there is still an "old boys } network" in place.
Respect cannot be deduced from salaries alone. It is a subjective factor, and you provide no rational evidence for a connection.
} Surveys in the business field have certainly } demonstrated that women are often paid less despite similar } qualifications.
Not true. Those surveys have generally been shown to be seriously flawed, when years on the job and other relevant factors are considered beyond mere academic qualifications. This topic has been dealt with in the Wall Street Journal in recent months.
} I'm sorry that more people did not respond to the survey } to achieve statistical significance, as to how the results might have } changed with more responses.....
Until you have those responses, it is meaningless to discuss or consider, which is why those results shouldn't have been posted.
I will add further that my experience has been that such complaints as were raised by you and Paula are usually made in an emotional way without strong rational bases (see my criticisms above). Until someone can provide something beyond assertions of a conspiracy, there is no reason to believe in them, as far as salaries go. It would be illogical and counter to the principles on which this nation is founded.
Doug Darnowski
****************************************************************************** Douglas Darnowski Department of Crop Sciences 384 ERML 1201 West Gregory Drive University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 work ph: (217) 244-6150 fx: (217) 333-4777 home ph: (217) 356-6606 fx: (217) 356-4454 email: darnowsk-at-staff.uiuc.edu ****************************************************************************** Douglas Darnowski Department of Crop Sciences 384 ERML 1201 West Gregory Drive University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 work ph: (217) 244-6150 fx: (217) 333-4777 home ph: (217) 356-6606 fx: (217) 356-4454 email: darnowsk-at-staff.uiuc.edu
Thank-you, Rachel T. and Scott I., for responding to his issue in a manner that appears to be rational and not emotionally generated. I detest the short, inflaming responses to this list that state emotional responses but serve no useful purpose, even when it comes to sharing an opinion for the purpose of debating.
Regarding the "old boy network": I recently had a friend in the field of archaeology reveal to me that her married friend within her graduate program was the only one denied financial support (and teaching experience) because she is married (no children). It was assumed by influential MALE AND FEMALE advisors in the program that she had less career potential because she might decide to have children before she has established herself in her field professionally. This "old boy network" concept is MORE COMPLEX than just blaming males! Please don't make me feel defensive or guilty by implying so!
I think this string of responses is a waste of our time unless we get some more tangible issues to discuss which MAY TAKE US IN A POSITIVE DIRECTION! As a microscopist without a graduate degree, but a good-paying job in the field, I was surprised that the "average" salary in the field was so high! I'm SURE that graduate degrees have a large influence upon this statistic. (Especially since we have already discussed whether we should be insulted by some of the job postings to the list looking for experienced microscopists who will work for $20,000 salaries.)
Note: Along this line of graduate degrees, I know a LOT more females my age (30ish) who are earning, or have received graduate degrees. I suspect that in 20 years, the salaries will very likely swing to the advantage of females (on average). What was the male/female graduate degree ratio 20 years ago from today?
Thank-you for listening to my longish rant. I hope some productive thoughts result from it.
Gregg Sobocinski Parke-Davis Pharmaceuticals Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
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Let me put forth a 'possible' (i.e., no data to support this, just observation) explanation - as a vendor who has worked with the microscopy community for a few years, I have a noticed that many more women are entering this profession than men. I believe that I have read that this is true in most science (not necessarily engineering) fields today. If that observation is correct, then perhaps the lower average salary is a result of greater numbers of women new to the field.
Yes, there does seem to be an old boys network at the top, but given the sheer numbers of women entering the field, that can't stay like that forever. I don't want to belittle this if it truly is a case of women doing the same job and being paid less - that certainly is not right - but I think that if my observations are correct, and have contributed to this sampling error - then maybe in the long run it is a good sign, and as these new microscopists gain experience the median salary will rise, and the differential will decrease.
Just a thought, and only my own - not my employers -
------------------------------ Scott Ireland North American Sales Manager Media Cybernetics, L.P. "The Imaging Experts" 716.473.0222 Tel 716.473.8048 Fax 888.691.2492 Pager scott-at-mediacy.com http://www.mediacy.com http://www.optimas.com -----------------------------
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } So how does one explain the dominance of men in the field, as evidenced by } fewer tenured professors, etc., and I don't know if NIH breaks down its } grants this way, but there are certainly many fewer Howard Hughes } recipients who are female, and nobel laureates for that matter. I think } it is a rational deduction that there is much less respect for women in } science, and that despite the changing times, there is still an "old boys } network" in place. Surveys in the business field have certainly } demonstrated that women are often paid less despite similar } qualifications. I'm sorry that more people did not respond to the survey } to achieve statistical significance, as to how the results might have } changed with more responses..... } } -Rachel }
My LINK EDX quant software (ZAFPB) performs a calculation to determine the significance of the peak quant data. The cut off is 2 Sigma. I have lost my book (i.e someone has not returned it) which gives the formula for calculating sigma. Can anyone help out please? Many thanks Chris
Chris Gilpin Experimental Officer Biological Sciences EM Unit G452 Stopford Building Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT phone +44 0161 275 5170 Fax +44 0161 275 5171 Chris Gilpin http://www.empgu.man.ac.uk
I should have made it more clear on what it is I was looking for information about. It is a TEM tissue processor and I apologize to those I confused.
Susan
Susan Carbyn (Electron Microscopist) Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Kentville, Nova Scotia B4N 1J5 Canada
To the list: Think about all that's been said. We are all making good money. Some have more experience, some have less. Some live in towns where the rent goes for $450 a month for a two bed apt. some $1200. We will all put food on our tables, and some of us will soon put presents in the hands of our friends and family. We have hope. We discover. We have so much more than we "deserve". Let's be more thankful for what we have, and share a little with those who don't- regardless of the time of year.
Tracey Pepper Bessey Microscopy Facility Iowa State University ph: 515-294-3872 fax: 515.294.1337
Anyone out there know of a nice uniform tungsten etch, preferably that will stop on TiN/Ti or SiO2???? Dry or wet would be fine...any suggestions will be much much much appreciated.
John, When I was testing for Y2K conditions in our labs, I found that many manufactures had not yet tested their own equipment - usually our tests and results prompted vendor action! We each hold the responsibility of performing tests on our tools to ensure that, even when the vendor claims compliance, nothing has been missed. I have developed some basic testing protocols that can be used on PC based equipment (a booklet for $15). I'm a firm believer that systems should be tested both before and after a "Y2K fix" has been put into place. I have seen instances where companies can claim compliance, but when tested, a system can still fail. While I'm not a software guru, and do not claim to have the "fix", I've strongly felt a need to improve the general understanding of the Y2K problem and hope to bring some knowledge and responsibility to the public and industry concerning this serious problem. (Sorry to soapbox).
In a message dated 12/8/98 12:56:40 AM Mid-Atlantic Standard Time, jgoodhouse-at-molbio.princeton.edu writes:
{ { Dear Confocal users, Below is an email I sent to Bio-rad regarding MRC600's and Y2K. I have received no response from them regarding these issues. Does anyone out there know the answers to these issues? Dear Bio-rad, I am the Confocal / Electron Microscopy Core Facility Manager for the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University. I am inquiring as to the Y2K status of our MRC600 Confocal Microscope System. We have had this instrument since 1991, and it continues to be a valuable instrument for this laboratory, and my department. We have collected and archived over 150 gigabytes of image data on optical disks with this instrument. This data needs to be retrievable currently, as well as in the future. The instrument is under service contract We are currently running the Comos7.0 program under Windows 95 software. We are also running macro programs out of SOM under COMOS version 6.03. These macro programs are an essential tool for several of my investigators imaging GFP (green fluorescent protein) in living organisms. Without these macro programs to run the instrument, we would be unable to obtain the information required for these experiments. We also run CAS 2.5 and CAS 3.10 for converting images to tiff formats and for creating 24 bit merged color tiff files for export to other programs. I need to know a) if this instrument will continue operating on and after 01-01-2000, b) whether or not previously collected images will be read by the program, c) if we will continue to be able to run macros under the SOM command shell, d) what software and / or hardware upgrades will be required, and when you will have them available?
Sincerely,
Info & Images at http://www.molbio.princeton.edu/confocal/
Joe Goodhouse Confocal / EM Core Lab Manager Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University jgoodhose-at-molbio.princeton.edu 609-258-5432 } }
Many thanks to all those who answered my request for a source of parts for an MT2 microtome. Someone here in Canada is able to help me (thanks, Chris). It's good to know there are so many people still using the old machines.
Dr. Steven Barlow, Associate Director EM Facility/Biology Department San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92182-4614 phone: (619)594-4523 fax: (619) 594-8759 email: sbarlow-at-sunstroke.sdsu.edu website: http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/emfacility/
Dear Peter, Do you currently have dual stages that you'd like to fit into your system, or are you looking for someone to design them for you? There are a few companies you can talk with (the manufacturer of your SEM would be a place to start), but I've also spoken with Leo Fama, the president of AMT (508) 774-5550, and Mark Reynolds of the Ernst Fjeld Company (978) 667-1416 ext. 10. I've worked with both of these companies to design ultra high precision 5-axis SEM stages for use in the semiconductor industry.
Let me know how you fare! Lisa Montanaro Consultant Microscopy/Microscopy Education ph: (703) 257-7157 fax:(703) 365-2427 e-mail: cmontana4-at-aol.com
In a message dated 12/8/98 4:47:34 AM Mid-Atlantic Standard Time, marienhoff.visitec-at-t-online.de writes:
{ { he Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html -----------------------------------------------------------------------.
Dear all,
We want to integrate two separate motorized tables of five axis each into our large chamber SEM. Who knows suppliers of these tables?
Thanks for the info, Yvan. I don't think that's the same stuff, but it sounds interesting anyway. The medium I'm wondering about was described as "glycerin borate... once available commercially as "Aqua Resin"...". My impression is that it's either a compound or a simple solution of glycerin, "borate" (+ water?).
Leonard Corwin kindly provided the following: { { FWIW, Beilstein, system number 38 or 39, p. 519 of Band I: boric acid glycerin triester, glassy yellow mass on heating of glycerin with boric anhydride (1866).} }
I don't know if that's it either, but doesn't sound that hard to make (?) if so.
I've not heard of "Apathy's medium"; will try to find references.
I'm looking for a water soluble medium for permanent mounts of chitinous arthropod appendages. The ideal (?) mountant would; 1) Have a Ri of around 1.46; 2) Have low scatter, unlike gum or gelatin media; 3) Be easy to make (and / or be available commercially). It would also be nice if it was non - fluorescent and shrink little or not at all as it dries... but I realize I can't have everything.
Since the salary survey data concerning microscopists is not available at the moment, nor does it necessarily have the information required to adequately interpret it in required to microscopists qualifications, can the political discussion move off line or to some more relevant listserver. The current discussion seems to have little relevance to microscopy.
Thomas E. Phillips, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Director, Molecular Cytology Core Facility
3 Tucker Hall Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211 (573)-882-4712 (voice) (573)-882-0123 (fax)
If TEM grids are investigated by SEM on both sides, it will be found that one side is much smoother than the other. One side is very rough. If an epon section is viewed by SEM both sides are found to be rough (Handbook of Epoxy Resins). Now, let us say you have two pieces of extra fine sandpaper. One piece of sandpaper is shiny and slick on one side and rough on the other. You want the best adhesion (no slippage) when putting the sandpapers on top of one another. How would you do that?
At 11:11 AM 08-12-98 -0600, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
I agree, let's be thankful for what we have, and that many organizations and people have managed to minimize or eliminate any bias related to sex.
Let's also recognize that there is still a problem at some organizations. I personally know of some egregious cases (at another institution where I have friends) that were only recently corrected after the women sued. When compared to male professors with equivalent academic field, rank, years at rank, etc, the women had better scientific publication records and higher citation rates and yet had been consistently given lower raises such that it took salary increases of more than 20% just to bring some of them even with male counterparts with lower publication and citation rankings. Fortunately, these women had objective measures they could use to demonstrate the problem.
What criteria would one use in the field of microscopy to objectively rank workers? What criteria are useful but somewhat subjective and therefor potentially influenced by unconscious biases?
Happy Holidays,
Karen ******************************************************************* Karen L. Wetmore Grycewicz, Ph.D. Museum of Paleontology University of California Berkeley, CA 94720-4780 karenw-at-ucmp1.berkeley.edu *******************************************************************
We have a Zeiss 10A that has been under continuous service contract until this summer. It is in excellent condition, and is still working fine. I assume the department is willing to part with it since we will eventually put a Philips 300 in there. If you're interested, I could ask what they want for it. What 300 parts are you willing to part with and for how much?
Sara (address at end)
On Mon, 7 Dec 1998, Peter Jordan wrote:
} Date: Mon, 07 Dec 1998 21:02:30 -0800 } From: Peter Jordan {emsi-at-pe.net} } To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: Zeiss 10C } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Hi: } I am still looking for a Zeiss 10C. Will pay top $$$ for it. Also, if } you need parts for a Philips 300 please let me know. } Peter Jordan, EMSI 909 694-1839 } }
Sara E. Miller, Ph. D. P. O. Box 3020 Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC 27710 Ph: 919 684-3452 FAX: 919 684-8735
borax 5 grams dissolve in 240 ml water add 25 ml glycerine add 40 grams gelatine, dissolve with heat and heat until solution slightly thickens remains fluid at room temperature
Pantin says glycerine jelly has an RI of 1.47
Apathys Gum syrup has an RI of 1.52
Picked gum arabic 50 grams cane sugar........50 grams distilled water 50 ml
dissolve over a water bath
add 0.05 grams thymol
said to set quickly as hard as balsam
recipes from "the Microtomist's Vade-mecum" by Bolles Lee 7th edition 1913.....
***************************************************** Mel Dickson, Director. Electron Microscope Unit, University of New South Wales. Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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Yikes Mikes! You mean to say that microscopists make an average of $46,000 for women and $55,000 for men? I wish I knew of someone, male or female, around here making anything near that amount. The school of EM at which I trained in '96-'97 has been closed [ I was in the last class] and a year later the whole EM lab shut down - government 'downsizing' of the VA system I suppose, particularly of redundant pathology facilities? (q.v. past posts on the future of this application). Perhaps a bit of perspective on the viability of employment in this field rather than valid but self-congratulatory carping by those of you still employed would be welcome. Gee, I gotta find the Bubba Micro.list and get me one of them jobs. ;-} Regards to all. Be of good cheer.
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Please see the attachment (announcement of dean search for our college of engineering). -- ============================== Pnina Ari-Gur, D.Sc. Materials Science and Engineering Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, MI 49008 (616) 387-3372 FAX: (616) 387-6517 email: pnina.ari-gur-at-wmich.edu http://www.wmich.edu/cmd/arigur.htm ==============================
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{h3 ALIGN="CENTER"} {!--mstheme--} {font color="#3399FF"} Dean, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences {br} Western Michigan University {!--mstheme--} {/font} {/h3} {/b}
{p} {small} Western Michigan University seeks applications and nominations for the position of Dean of the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences. {/small} {/p}
{p} {small} Western Michigan University is a Carnegie Doctoral I university with 750 FTE tenure-track faculty and an enrollment of 26,500 students, 25% at the graduate level. It is advancing to Carnegie Research II classification, and plans a substantial investment in the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, including a new physical facility, to accomplish this goal. In addition to its Graduate College and Lee Honors College, Western supports six degree-granting colleges: Arts and Sciences, Haworth College of Business, Education, Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Health and Human Services. These colleges offer 242 academic programs, including 25 at the doctoral and 60 at the master's levels. {/small} {/p}
{p} {small} The Dean of Engineering and Applied Sciences, who will report to the Provost, must possess the vision that will enable the college to reach its fullest potential in teaching, research and the development of industry partnerships, and also the passion to implement this vision. The dean must demonstrate significant leadership experience, knowledge of current and future issues in engineering education, a record of successful participation in sponsored research, an ability to interact effectively with external constituents, strong communication skills, and possess academic credentials that would qualify for an appointment as professor with tenure in one of the College's departments. {/small} {/p}
{p} {small} The individual selected will assume the academic and administrative leadership of a dynamic and growing college offering 21 baccalaureate, ten masters and three doctoral programs. The college's staff, which currently includes 77 full-time faculty, 25 funded staff positions, and dozens of contract staff and graduate student assistants, teaches more than 3000 students and generated $16.5M in contract research in 1997-98. The College has a strong commitment to research and education, which spans a broad spectrum of engineering and engineering technologies. In addition, it pursues major research and training efforts in printing and in the aviation sciences. The College offers courses and programs primarily on Western Michigan University's main campus in Kalamazoo, but also serves as a major resource for off-campus instruction and economic growth at five sites across West Michigan. {/small} {/p}
{p} {small} WMU's main campus is located just off Interstate 94 and U.S. Highway 131 in the southwest Michigan city of Kalamazoo, which is less than three hours by car from both Detroit and Chicago. With a population of 220,000, Kalamazoo County is served by ample air, train and bus transportation and offers an appealing environment for study, employment, culture, entertainment and all-season recreation. {/small} {/p}
{p} {small} For additional information about WMU and the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, refer to our Website: {i} http://www.wmich.edu/ {/i} {/small} {/p}
{p} {small} Applications and nominations should be directed to {/small} {/p}
{p ALIGN="CENTER"} {small} Dean James W. Schmotter, Chair, {/small} {/p}
{p ALIGN="CENTER"} {small} College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Dean Search Committee {/small} {/p}
{p ALIGN="CENTER"} {small} Haworth College of Business {/small} {/p}
{p ALIGN="CENTER"} {small} Western Michigan University {/small} {/p}
{p ALIGN="CENTER"} {small} 1201 Oliver Street {/small} {/p}
{p ALIGN="CENTER"} {small} Kalamazoo, MI 49008 {/small} {/p}
{p ALIGN="CENTER"} {small} {/small} {/p}
{p} {small} For fullest consideration, applications and nominations should be received before January 31, 1999. {/small} {/p} {b}
{p ALIGN="CENTER"} WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY IS AN {/p}
Could somebody please tell me where Wulff net can be downloaded?
Thanks for your help in advance.
Kun Li
Kun Li, Ph. D Institute of Materials Research and Engineering BLK S7, Level 3 Office: BLK S13, #02-13d National University of Singapore Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119260
Hi Marisa! Depending on how much you want to etch, there are two that I've used to de- process semiconductors. Typically I'm shooting to stop on a TiN liner or Si - I use incremental times with these etches and check with a SEM to determine the depth of the etch (top-down and simple cleaved sections are great for this study).
1). Mix a 1:1 solution of NH4OH to H2O2 - both should be reagent grade, and the H202 about 35%. The tungsten will fizz while under attack - experiment with 2-10 minutes depending on your thickness. Use within 2 hours of mixing for best reliability - the H2O2 likes to decompose. 2). Use household bleach (sodium hypochlorite) at 60 degrees C for about the same amount of time as etch #1. You can purchase a reagent grade for more money, but this does the trick too!
I do a dip rinse in a beaker, then hit it with a stream of water, then blow dry with N2. Ultrasonic cleaning is fine if your structure can stand it, but is usually not required.
In a message dated 12/8/98 11:18:05 PM Mid-Atlantic Standard Time, mahmad-at-semiconductor.com writes:
{ { From: mahmad-at-semiconductor.com (Marisa Ahmad) To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com ('MSA listserver')
Anyone out there know of a nice uniform tungsten etch, preferably that will stop on TiN/Ti or SiO2???? Dry or wet would be fine...any suggestions will be much much much appreciated.
Granted that the salary survey data may not be sufficient for statistical purposes, granted that we all make more than we really need (I'm an old Peace Corps person, so please don't even try to convince me that we're poor), granted that there are questions concerning time of entry into the field, years of service, etc., I think that this is an ideal forum for such a discussion. We are, after all, microscopists and this is, after all, a forum for people like us.
Salary inequities between men and women are not confined to our field. There may always be disagreement about what the figures actually PROVE, but I simply find it amazing that people continue to debate that salaries are unaffected by gender. I'm old enough to have watched this debate unfold for a couple of decades and the story remains the same---women protesting that salaries are unequal and some men protesting (with their higher salaries) that everything is fine and that the problem is with the data collection. Please note that I said "some men". Please note also that I am a white, American euro-male on the wrong side of the Political Correctness spectrum. Please note finally that I have NEVER been paid or offered anywhere near close to the average salary quoted for either men or women in this field, even though I have just been offered a position at a considerably higher salary than I make now, after 12 years in the field. It is still considerably below the average posted for female microscopists. Am I complaining? No.
The story I hear is that women are paid less than men in many fields. Some protest that this is because of late entry by women into these fields. So, are there any figures out there for people in their first, fifth, or tenth year in the field, correlated against educational background?
Let's continue to talk about this. It's as relevant as any other microscopy topic. If their truly is unfairness in pay scales, it should be brought to light and fixed by all means possible. IMHO.
Any suggestions on how to prepair tick eggs successfully for TEM ? Poor penetration seems to be the main problem because the cuticle is very hard. I would appreciate your expert advise very much.
Thanks
Susan Cooper Mrs Susan Cooper Electron Microscope Unit Department of Anatomical Pathology University of the Orange Free State P.O.Box 339 (G5) Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa Fax:0027-51-4473222 Tel:0027-51-4053061 E-Mail: GNAPSC-at-MED.UOVS.AC.ZA
Any people involved with TEM or STEM on the list(s) may be interested in this.
SuperSTEM project
Invitation to Interested Parties for Possible One Year Post
With current advances in lens aberration correctors occurring worldwide, the Electron Microscopy and Analysis (EMAG) committee of the Institute of Physics (IOP) is currently investigating the possibility of setting up an analytical TEM/STEM/ PEELS facility for the UK and European microscopy community. The facility is envisaged to consist of at least two machines capable of high resolution imaging and analysis at the sub-Angstrom level and would provide a user service to external researchers in parallel with constant development in instrumentation. From these discussions, the possibility of an initial one year post, most probably located at Daresbury Laboratories in Cheshire, has arisen. This appointment would enable the project to be throughly researched and prepared for funding submission. The SuperSTEM sub-committee is keen to hear from interested parties and potential applicants for this post. In the first instance, candidates are asked to contact Prof. L.M. Brown. (0044 (0)1223 337291, email: lmb12-at-cam.ac.uk)
_____________________________ Dr. Rik Brydson, University Research Fellow, Electron Optical Unit, Department of Materials, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
Hallo Frank, what kind of STEM do you have? We use Si lattice images for the magnification calibration at the VG HB501 UX. If you don't get this resolution, you could use something with a large lattice spacing. Gerd
---------------------- Forwarded by Pat Kingman/arl on 12/09/98 07:45 AM ---------------------------
Pat Kingman 12/09/98 08:02 AM To: LI Kun {k-li-at-imre.org.sg} cc:
Hey Randy don't disillusion me. I was just about to arrange a sex change & apply for a green card !!
Colin
Colin Reid, Electron Microscope Unit, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Tel: 353-1-6081820 Fax: 353-1-6770438 email: creid-at-tcd.ie -----Original Message----- } From: Randy Tindall {rtindell-at-NMSU.Edu} To: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com {microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com}
Discussion on salaries as it relates to experise in microscopy is in my view within the scope of this forum. It is abit off the main line of microscopy/microanalysis per se, but I think of sufficient interest to the community that if someone has a constructive comment or information it should be posted.
However, I think we have had more than enough of the side jokes, puns, etc. for now.
My guess is that most people have had their say already.
I have an interesting technical problem that I'm hoping the folks on this list can help me figure out.
I have a colleague who is trying to embed dissected renal tubules (20 micron diameter x 500 micron length) for immunofluorescence. He would like to be able to "tack down" individual tubules to some kind of substrate, so that he can keep track of which end he's working from, and would like to cross section them (1-4 micron sections) from end-to-end (vs longitudinal sx). We've tried adhering tubules to Thermanox coverslips and making cryotome sections, but the sections of plastic curled up like a scroll. We've tried Aclar film, and plastic embedding using LR Gold and had the same problem. Is there someone out there who has a suggestion? We have 2 concerns, 1) we don't want to heat the specimen above physiologic temps and 2) we want to keep track of orientation so as to have cross sections of the tubules - adherence to some sort of substrate is one possible solution - any alternatives?
Thanks for your help. Doug .................................................................... : Douglas W. Cromey, M.S. Dept. of Cell Biology & Anatomy : : Research Specialist, Principal University of Arizona : : (office: AHSC 4212A) P.O. Box 245044 : : (voice: 520-626-2824) Tucson, AZ 85724-5044 USA : : (FAX: 520-626-2097) (email: doug-cromey-at-ns.arizona.edu): :...................................................................: http://www.pharmacy.arizona.edu/exp_path.html Home of: "Microscopy and Imaging Resources on the WWW"
Susan Cooper (Anatomiese Patalogie) wrote: } } TEM --- Fixation and processing of tick eggs. } Any suggestions on how to prepair tick eggs successfully for TEM ? Poor penetration seems to be the main problem because the cuticle is very hard. } I would appreciate your expert advise very much. } Phase-partition fixation would be worth a try, often useful for invertebrate eggs. See Zalokar and Erk, 1977, Stain Technology 52:89. "Phase partition fixation and staining of Drosophila eggs."
Geoff -- *************************************************************** Geoff McAuliffe, Ph.D. Neuroscience and Cell Biology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 675 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854 voice: (732)-235-4583; fax -4029 e-mail: mcauliff-at-umdnj.edu ***************************************************************
I have been asked about analyzing a silver filled (70%) conductive epoxy to look for evidence of a lubricant or other material on the surface of the silver flakes in the epoxy. The epoxy is exhibiting variations in conductivity and one of the hypotheses is that there is a lubricant or other material present that may be influencing conductivity. There is much more to the story, but I won't go into that in order to keep the message short.
We have done quite a bit of ESCA and SEM work on the bulk material, but believe we may need to look at the material in a different manner. One of the suggestions has been to microtome the sample and do TEM on it. The thought is we may be able to see the lubricant layer surrounding the silver flakes at high magnifications. I am only slightly familiar with TEM (I'm a SEM and Surface Analysis person) and thought I would approach the group and ask about the feasibility of this method or any other suggestions would be most welcome. We have the material available in the cured and uncured states.
Thanks in advance for any suggestions,
John Giles Principal Materials Engineer Honeywell Space Systems
Kun Li wrote: =============================================== Could somebody please tell me where Wulff net can be downloaded? ================================================ I don't know of any place where they could be "downloaded" but they can be purchased from our firm, SPI Supplies. I presume they can be purchased from others, possibly EBS. You can find out details of these and other crystal plane projections on our website or go directly to URL http://www.2spi.com/outlet/project1.html
Chuck
=================================================== Charles A. Garber, Ph. D. Ph: 1-(610)-436-5400 President 1-(800)-2424-SPI SPI SUPPLIES FAX: 1-(610)-436-5755 PO BOX 656 e-mail: cgarber-at-2spi.com West Chester, PA 19381-0656 USA Cust. Service: spi2spi-at-2spi.com
Look for us! ############################ WWW: www.2spi.com ############################ ==================================================
A couple of negative comments have been posted about the creation of the Lemas list, but no similar fuss was raised when the microprobe list was created which also has considerable overlap with the MSA listserver.
There's no harm in also having lists with a somewhat narrower focus. I'll continue to subscribe to all three and suffer some duplication of messages, but I can certainly understand someone with a materials science interest not wanting to wade though all the biological sample prep material which often dominates the microscopy listserver.
There's not much difference between sorting postings by subject in one listserver and subscribing to multiple listservers, except the latter at least offers the option of not receiving mail which isn't of interest. For folks who pay for their mail messages, that might be significant.
We had a similar problem with wasp eggs and posted the question to the list. The discussion is archived at the following url at the "Tips & Tricks" site.
At 11:47 AM 12/09/1998 GMT+2, you wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} { GO GATORS Scott D. Whittaker 218 Carr Hall EM Technician Gainesville, FL 32610 University Of Florida ph 352-392-1184 ICBR EM Core Lab fax 352-846-0251 sdw-at-biotech.ufl.edu http://www.biotech.ufl.edu/~emcl/ The home of " Tips & Tricks "
I have news about two useful supplements for MSA's middle school (grades 4-8) manual,"Microscopic Explorations":
Warren Hatch is a Portland, Oregon schoolteacher who makes very good microscopy videos for children. They're cheap ($15-30 postpaid, depending on quantity, format, and destination); he makes them as a labor of love. MICRO asked him to make a "custom" tape to match the exercises in "Microscopic Explorations". It's now ready, and it's as good as his other tapes. It's 33 minutes long & it's available in both VHS and PAL. Contact him directly at {whatch-at-hevanet.com} for ordering information.
If you are already using "Microscopic Explorations" you know that it contains copyable student instructions and worksheets. The Lawrence Hall of Science is now completing a full set of these in Spanish. If you could use them, or know someone who could, please let me know.
Caroline Schooley Educational Outreach Coordinator Microscopy Society of America Box 117, 45301 Caspar Point Road Caspar, CA 95420 Phone/FAX (707)964-9460 Project MICRO: http://www.MSA.microscopy.com/ProjectMICRO/Books.html Intertidal invertebrates: http://www.fortbragg.k12.ca.us/AG/PCI/pci.html
some years ago, I did a lot of work on TEM of lepidopteran eggs, which are likewise enclosed in a +/- thick shell. Best fixation was achieved, although not in every single egg, but in most of them, by pricking the eggshell with a tiny glass needle that you make from a glass capillary. Be sure that the needle has a sharp edge by breaking it with a Dumont forceps (size 7).
As a primary fixative, we used a mixture of glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide in cacodylate buffer. Fixation was done on ice for 30-60 minutes. After several rinses, post- osmication was performed followed by dehydration and Epon embedment - see H. Fehrenbach (1995) Zool. Anz. 234:19-41 and D. Zissler, K. Sander (1973) W. Roux' Arch. Entw.mech. 172:175-86.
Hope that helps.
Good luck with your work,
Heinz
----------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Heinz Fehrenbach Institute of Pathology University Clinics "Carl Gustav Carus" Technical University of Dresden
I originally asked about 10 months ago if anyone was aware of a recent = salary survey for microscopists similar to the one that was conducted by = MSA back in 1984. I had been asked by the Vice Pres of Research and the = Personnel Director at the institution I was employed at, previously, = what were the salaries paid microscopists in reply to my asking for an = adjustment based on my responsibilities and years of experience. ( I = found that the earlier survey by MSA was helpful in a salary adjustment = back in 1988, but now was invalid due to its age.) I believe these = surveys serve a useful purpose as it exposes in equities (as has been = brought out here) and also give us a benchmark when hiring new people, = and are helpful to personnel directors in determining wage scales. = Furthermore there is a significant difference in cost of living through = out the US, which surveys address as well as specialties, etc. =20 I know some fields involving microscopy are experiencing a decline in = demand but the demand in some other areas for microscopists trained in = EM and in the new light microscopies with experience in networking and = image processing has grown. These labs are now looking for people with = more capabilities/experience than when I started working in this field = in the mid seventies and administers/personnel directors expect us to = hire them at salaries that do not reflect their skills. Any new, valid = data would be helpful, unfortunately, not enough people responded to = give us current and valid data. Hank Adams Cell Biology Integrated Microscopy Core Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza Houston, Tx 77030
Several months ago I was told about a software developer who has some relatively simple "time-lapse" imaging acquisition programs for digital cameras. I have since lost track of the name and source. Does anyone know who this is?
In the discussion of salaries for Microscopists we must include an extremely informative bit of information put out by the US Dep of Labor in 1983. That is a long time ago now, but nevertheless, it needs to be known. At the time of the statistics, Fe salaries were 70 cents or so to M sal of 1.00. This was widely published ( and much screamed about) in every newspaper, etc. The US Dep of Labor from the census divided men and women into 4 groups and averaged their salaries. The four groups: Married Men, Unmarried Men, Married Women, Unmarried Women. The results were as follows: Married Men had the highest salaries. Unmarried Women had slightly, slightly, slightly less salary. It was approximately 6% less. Then there was a considerable drop for unmarried men. There followed a HUGE drop for Married women. Married women made about half of what married men did. The commentary at that time was (and some of that is still true) that 1) Married women consider their income frequently as a supplement to the family income and work part time while raising the children and running the house. Many women still follow this pattern. Also many women still take off several years while children are young, or follow less ambitious career paths for several years. We do need to consider this in the overall picture. In 25 years of working professionally I have watched men VERY closely (fun). To see what they do and how they do it. Generally, not always, men are MUCH more forceful when asking for raises, or making moves to other towns for more power and more money than women. Men will write letters, threaten the department chair with leaving, endlessly scout the scene for better jobs, etc. Women are just now learning this type of behavior. Women who demand do a lot better than those who don't. It will change. It is changing now. There will be different ways of living in the next two generations. It will be exciting and interesting. Bye, hildy
I was going to say something like this, but I couldn't have said it any better so I will just say " Thank You!!" I am primarily a materials science man myself, with secondary interests and occasional assignments in the bio area. I find I never have enough good information and I can deal with overlap.
-- Respectfully, Bob ( Robert G. ) Lawrence Failure Analyst Motorola Phoenix Corporate Research Lab 2100 E. Elliot Rd. MD 508 Tempe, AZ 85284-1806 Phone: 602-413-5848 Fax: 602-413-5934 Pager: 1-800-759-7243 PIN 834-2458
I originally asked about 10 months ago if anyone was aware of a recent = salary survey for microscopists similar to the one that was conducted by = MSA back in 1984. I had been asked by the Vice Pres of Research and the = Personnel Director at the institution I was employed at, previously, = what were the salaries paid microscopists in reply to asking for an = adjustment based on my responsibilities and years of experience. ( I = found that the earlier survey by MSA was helpful in a salary adjustment = back in 1988, but now was invalid due to its age.) I believe these = surveys serve a useful purpose as it exposes in- equities (as has been = brought out here) and also give us a benchmark when hiring new people, = and are helpful to personnel directors in determining wage scales. = Furthermore there is a significant difference in cost of living through = out the US, which surveys address as well as specialties, etc. =20 I know some fields involving microscopy are experiencing a decline in = demand but the demand in some other areas for microscopists trained in = EM and in the new light microscopies with experience in networking and = image processing has grown. These labs are now looking for people with = more capabilities/experience than when I started working in this field = in the mid seventies and administers/personnel directors expect us to = hire them at salaries that do not reflect their skills. Any new, valid = data would be helpful, unfortunately, not enough people responded to = give us that. Thanks, to Don Grimes though for making an attempt. Maybe, = M&M should conduct one, since the only data available is from 1984.
Hank Adams Cell Biology Integrated Microscopy Core Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza Houston, Tx 77030
I am going to make the assumption that since you are resorting to TEM you need to resolve extremely detail within the egg. Just in case that is not the situation, I once did a neat set of confocal images of a moth egg, both inside and out, using confocal. We did the outside using reflected light and the inside using autofluorescence. No fixation was necessary and the results were amazingly detailed. Just a thought.
After reading through some of these listserver segregation msgs I have thought of an idea, which I'm sure someone has constructed before, or perhaps not (even possible). However, here it is:
The listserver should allow users to subscribe to a handful of segregated topical specializations. YOu may choose any number of them. However, when posting the listserver should offer the possibility of posting to all groups, or just a select number of them. Each group will automatically serve onto itself(a person responding to materials will only be posted to materials automagically), however, the listserver should be set up such that a user can post to all groups (to avoid duplication, etc. to people have subscr.d to more than one). The listserver may be set up in such a way that if a user wishes to post, he/she would have to list the groups' names in the subject line, or perhaps the first line of the message, according to which groups the message is to be posted. Perhaps a simple code of "abcd" or "xyzt" could be listed in the subject line, which will tell the listserver to post to all groups, or any variation therein for separate groups. This will save resources and resolve the issue of segregating the microscopy listserver...we could even begin to bring other slightly -removed topics into the listserver with absolutely no one complaining (unless the listserver goes nuts).
The net effect is that everyone can subsr. to all groups (or just the ones they want). When a person wants to post with a general request, e.g. corporate, academic, or other general umbrella topics, the msg can be posted to any number in the set of {xyzt...}. Effectivley no one loses content, no one receives duplication, and everyone can post to all groups. (HENCE EVERYONE IS SATISFIED AND RESOURCES ARE SPARED)
..but I'm not sure how a listserver can be set up to do this...I'm sure it has been done somewhere. ...and shouldn't be a complex task to implement.
[ignore the name below, as I'm not quite willing to write the listserver code] __ _-==-=_,-. /--`' \_-at---at-.-- { Tim (TJ) LaFave Jr. `--'\ \ {___/. Department of Physics \ \\ " / University of North Carolina, Charlotte } =\\_/` { Charlotte, NC 28223 ____ /= | \_|/ _' `\ _/=== \___/ (704)547-3392 [x4] `___/ //\./=/~\====\ (704)509-6622 [Hm] \ // / | ===: http://www.iit.edu/~lafatim | ._/_,__|_ ==: __ \/ \\ \\`--| / \\ ---------- +*+ ---------- | _ \\: /==:-\ `.__' `-____/ |--|==: Such that the future be theirs \ \ ===\ :==:`-' to shape and direct. _} \ ===\ /==/ -----------------------------------------------------------------
On Wed, 9 Dec 1998, Rick Mott wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } A couple of negative comments have been posted about the creation of } the Lemas list, but no similar fuss was raised when the microprobe } list was created which also has considerable overlap with the MSA } listserver. } } There's no harm in also having lists with a somewhat narrower focus. } I'll continue to subscribe to all three and suffer some duplication } of messages, but I can certainly understand someone with a materials } science interest not wanting to wade though all the biological sample } prep material which often dominates the microscopy listserver. } } There's not much difference between sorting postings by subject in } one listserver and subscribing to multiple listservers, except the } latter at least offers the option of not receiving mail which isn't } of interest. For folks who pay for their mail messages, that might } be significant. } } Rick Mott } rick-at-pgt.com }
My observations after being on 10 or so lists over the years is that you need a critical mass of active subscribers to make the thing self sustaining. Unless you get a steady stream of posts the list is quickly forgotten. This list has it. The microbeam analysis list doesn't. Any more fragmenation of the list makes both parts less able to survive.
My vote--the area is already being covered my a working list, let's not mess with it.
Best regards mark
Mark W. Lund, PhD VP Engineering } } Soft X-ray Web page http://www.moxtek.com { { MOXTEK, Inc. 452 West 1260 North Orem UT 84057 801-225-0930 FAX 801-221-1121 lundm-at-xray.byu.edu
"This is a YOUNG business...How can I tell you what YOUR job is when I don't know what MINE is?" --Pogo
It seems that cost cutting and space saving have finally started attacking us! Our darkroom, which I admit is rather large, is wanted by another more influential person. It has been suggested that we attach a digital camera to our Hitachi H600 TEM to take over from the film camera we currently use. I have suggested that digital images are not yet able to produce images as good as our film can and that the digital image can not be increased to a much larger size without appreciable loss of resolution. Can any one please help us find a solution as this same influential person also has their beady little eyes on our laboratory! We need to know 1. How easy is it to digitise the TEM without losing the ability to still turn to film. 2. What sort of camera/system should we be looking at? 3. What sort of software is needed? 4. How much do these things cost?
Sarah Ellis
Trescowthick Research Centre Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute Locked Bag #1 A'Beckett Street Melbourne 8006 Victoria Australia
I have mixed feelings about another list server but if they evolve in their own separate ways there may be enough of a committed user base to support both. In any event at least it has been discussed in depth here.
My only suggestions are: 1. that, as many have pointed out recently, this is an international list so could people always put at least a basic address and there country of origin on their mail? There are still times when someone is selling kit or wanting local advice and I waste time checking their e-mail addresses etc in the futile hope of guessing where they are. 2. If people do post to more than one list can they do it at the same time so we can see it in the 'address to:' or 'copies to:' headers and then know whether to delete duplicates?
thanks
Malcolm Haswell Electron Microscopy School of Health Sciences Fleming Building University of Sunderland SUNDERLAND SR1 3SD Tyne and Wear UK
Tel (0191) 515 2872 e-mail: malcolm.haswell-at-sunderland.ac.uk
---------- } From: Rick Mott To: microscopy
} Hello all again, } } } It seems that cost cutting and space saving have finally started attacking } us! Our darkroom, which I admit is rather large, is wanted by another more } influential person. It has been suggested that we attach a digital camera } to our Hitachi H600 TEM to take over from the film camera we currently use. } I have suggested that digital images are not yet able to produce images as } good as our film can and that the digital image can not be increased to a } much larger size without appreciable loss of resolution. Can any one please } help us find a solution as this same influential person also has their beady } little eyes on our laboratory! } We need to know } 1. How easy is it to digitise the TEM without losing the ability to } still turn to film. } 2. What sort of camera/system should we be looking at? } 3. What sort of software is needed? } 4. How much do these things cost? }
One possibility is to use photoplates. I don't have any personal experience with these, but my understanding is they are basically digital film. The microscope does not need to be modified. Photoplates are used in the same fashion as film. I understand they have a better dynamic range than a CCD. They are also much higher resolution than a CCD. The down side is cost. A reader costs in the $15,000 USD range I believe, and the plates are close to $100 USD each. Also each image is 25 - 30 megabytes so disk storage and backup for the images can add up in a hurry.
All of the above is from memory of a conversation with someone who had this setup. The numbers may be misremembered. Hopefully someone who actually has bought and used photoplates will respond.
Tom
Thomas Mullarkey Murray email:tm8a-at-virginia.edu Thornton Hall - MSE phone:(804)982-5659 University of Virginia Fax: (804)982-5660 Charlottesville, VA 22903
POSTDOCTORAL POSITION - CELL PHYSIOLOGY I have an opening for a Postdoctoral Fellow in my laboratory . The research is concerned with the cellular and molecular biology of drug transport across the renal tubule and the blood-brain barrier. We use isolated renal proximal tubules, renal cells in culture, isolated brain capillaries, fluorescent substrates and confocal microscopy to follow transport across cells. Our goals are to 1) characterize the fundamental membrane-based and intracellular processes involved, 2) determine how they are controlled by hormones and xenobioitcs, and 3) identify the signal transduction pathways involved. Candidates should have a Ph.D. or M.D. degree, less than 5 years of postdoctoral experience and a background in cellular physiology, membrane transport or renal physiology. This is a non-tenure track position (NIH IRTA Fellow).
_____________________________ Dr. David S. Miller Laboratory of Pharmacology & Chemistry NIH/NIEHS Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
I use a Hitachi H7000 and, although I don't have your urgent requirement, I have looked at the convenience issue of digital photography on a TEM.
My understanding is that you would probably need to insert some sort of fluorescent screen and high resolution digital camera at either the 35mm camera port or STEM detector port position of the microscope. At present this would either involve Hitachi or a specialist company that you could trust. By the time that you have paid for all the specialist kit the numbers I have been quoted don't come much below 30,000 UK pounds. It's probably cheaper to get the system integrated into a new microscope if and when you upgrade or have some spare petty cash you're not using.
However - have you considered a simpler and much cheaper option. Develop TEM film in a simple darkroom (in an emergency any dark ventilated area will do). Then scan negatives with the highest resolution negative/transparency scanner you can get. I would guess that you could pay anything from 2,000 to 10,000 UK pounds depending on what you wanted and this would include scanner, fast computer , storage, software and printer. The added advantage is that from a typical negative and high resolution scanner it should be possible if necessary to scan at much better resolutions than with the best digital camera. I would guess that you would be able to print at up to at least 5x the original negative magnification if you used the right scanner.
This is my master plan because you still have the archival and universal properties of film but most of the convenience of digital plus you could at some later date do a full up-grade. I'm still awaiting money to do this but for the outlay the benefits greatly outweigh the costs.
Good luck and let me know how you get on.
Malcolm Haswell Electron Microscopy School of Health Sciences Fleming Building University of Sunderland SUNDERLAND SR1 3SD Tyne and Wear UK
Tel (0191) 515 2872 e-mail: malcolm.haswell-at-sunderland.ac.uk ---------- } From: Ellis, Sarah To: Microscopy Listserver
Hello all again,
It seems that cost cutting and space saving have finally started attacking us! Our darkroom, which I admit is rather large, is wanted by another more influential person. It has been suggested that we attach a digital camera to our Hitachi H600 TEM to take over from the film camera we currently use. I have suggested that digital images are not yet able to produce images as good as our film can and that the digital image can not be increased to a much larger size without appreciable loss of resolution. Can any one please help us find a solution as this same influential person also has their beady little eyes on our laboratory! We need to know 1. How easy is it to digitise the TEM without losing the ability to still turn to film. 2. What sort of camera/system should we be looking at? 3. What sort of software is needed? 4. How much do these things cost?
Sarah Ellis
Trescowthick Research Centre Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute Locked Bag #1 A'Beckett Street Melbourne 8006 Victoria Australia
by mailhub.dartmouth.edu (8.8.8+DND/8.8.8) with SMTP id IAA30481 for {MICROSCOPY-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} ; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 08:56:16 -0500 (EST) Message-id: {12687646-at-vixen.Dartmouth.EDU}
------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
We have been digitizing our images since 1995. Our solution to the massive resolution loss in our biological digital images (301K) is to take films as well (fewer) which serve as archives. My experience is you need 3 digitized images at different magnifications to get out the same information contained in one film. Films may be scanned as 3-4MB images and printed on a good 1200 dpi dye-sub printer or printed the old-fashioned way.
by highgate.mluri.sari.ac.uk (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id OAA20601; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 14:19:55 GMT Message-Id: {199812101419.OAA20601-at-highgate.mluri.sari.ac.uk} Comments: Authenticated sender is {mi596-at-highgate}
Hello Sarah, You've asked an interesting question (at least to me that is).The organisation I work for may be buying an old TEM in the near future which could be upgraded to digital. So I'd be interested in hearing all the responses. For example, do digital cameras really offer a chance for us to get out and even stay out of the dark room? (apologies if this question sounds simple). I know that one would need a slow scan CCD rather than a TV rate digital camera for suitable quality images. I'd be interested in all your thoughts on the subject. Regards
Martin Roe MLURI Craigiebuckler Aberdeen Scotland U.K.
} It seems that cost cutting and space saving have finally started attacking } us! Our darkroom, which I admit is rather large, is wanted by another more } influential person. It has been suggested that we attach a digital camera } to our Hitachi H600 TEM to take over from the film camera we currently use. } I have suggested that digital images are not yet able to produce images as } good as our film can and that the digital image can not be increased to a } much larger size without appreciable loss of resolution. Can any one please } help us find a solution as this same influential person also has their beady } little eyes on our laboratory! } We need to know } 1. How easy is it to digitise the TEM without losing the ability to } still turn to film. } 2. What sort of camera/system should we be looking at? } 3. What sort of software is needed? } 4. How much do these things cost? } } Sarah Ellis } } Trescowthick Research Centre } Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute } Locked Bag #1 A'Beckett Street } Melbourne 8006 Victoria } Australia } } Phone +61-3-9656 1244 } Fax +61-3-9656 1411 } Email s.ellis-at-pmci.unimelb.edu.au } } }
We only use a very small darkroom to develop the film. Basiclly a closet next to the scope. Then we scan the negs at either 600 dpi or 1200dpi, stor the files on CDs and print on good printers. We have gotten addicted to the enhanced information we get by viewing the images on the monitor, with image enhancement and analysis tools at the click of a mouse. For us it seems to be the best solution for now. We want to bypass film eventually but the cost and drawbacks seem too great for now.
Bob Derm Imaging Center U of W
On Thu, 10 Dec 1998, Ellis, Sarah wrote:
} Hello all again, } } } It seems that cost cutting and space saving have finally started attacking } us! Our darkroom, which I admit is rather large, is wanted by another more } influential person. It has been suggested that we attach a digital camera } to our Hitachi H600 TEM to take over from the film camera we currently use. } I have suggested that digital images are not yet able to produce images as } good as our film can and that the digital image can not be increased to a } much larger size without appreciable loss of resolution. Can any one please } help us find a solution as this same influential person also has their beady } little eyes on our laboratory! } We need to know } 1. How easy is it to digitise the TEM without losing the ability to } still turn to film. } 2. What sort of camera/system should we be looking at? } 3. What sort of software is needed? } 4. How much do these things cost? } } Sarah Ellis } } Trescowthick Research Centre } Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute } Locked Bag #1 A'Beckett Street } Melbourne 8006 Victoria } Australia } } Phone +61-3-9656 1244 } Fax +61-3-9656 1411 } Email s.ellis-at-pmci.unimelb.edu.au } }
I have difficulty explaining to people how and when to use the AUTO FOCUS and AUTO STIGMATOR controls on our Philips 515, and more important, when not to. Although I have an instinctive understanding, I find it very hard to put into words. Does anybody have any materials for public use that might be helpful, and can explain to people the background involved?
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Robert H.Olley Phone: | | J.J.Thomson Physical Laboratory {direct line +44 (0) 118 9318572 | | University of Reading {University internal extension 7867 | | Whiteknights Fax +44 (0) 118 9750203 | | Reading RG6 6AF Email: R.H.Olley-at-reading.ac.uk | | England URL: http://www.reading.ac.uk/~spsolley | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Robert writes ... } } } } I have difficulty explaining to people how and when to use } the AUTO FOCUS and AUTO STIGMATOR controls on our Philips 515, } ...
I would explain their use in terms of "intelligence algorythms" ... that is, I've seen "auto mode" work well with certain objects imaged, and how well they work being dependent on symetries assumed and present. Your users should know that for all objects however, there is no better "intelligence algorythm" than the human eye working with the human brain.
... hope this helps :o)
cheerios, shAf
{} /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ cogito, ergo zZOooOM /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ {} Michael Shaffer, R.A. - ICQ 210524 Geological Science's Electron Probe Facility - University of Oregon mshaf-at-darkwing.uoregon.edu - http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~mshaf/
My colleague and I are trying to cut serial sections, but are having a hard time getting the sections to ribbon nicely. She has tried trimming by hand with a razor and on the microtome with glass knives. If anyone has had good luck with their sections ribboning and would be able to give some helpful hints, we would really appreciate it. Thanks.
Jeannine Caesar Department of Neuroscience University of Pennsylvania
You might want to try the following, adhear it to a slice of the 'meaty' portion of cucumber an then section in a cryostat. I did this for orientation and sectioning of gastric biopsies 15 or so years ago.
-- Begin original message --
} } I have an interesting technical problem that I'm hoping the folks on this } list can help me figure out. } } I have a colleague who is trying to embed dissected renal tubules (20 } micron diameter x 500 micron length) for immunofluorescence. He would like } to be able to "tack down" individual tubules to some kind of substrate, so } that he can keep track of which end he's working from, and would like to } cross section them (1-4 micron sections) from end-to-end (vs longitudinal } sx). We've tried adhering tubules to Thermanox coverslips and making } cryotome sections, but the sections of plastic curled up like a scroll. } We've tried Aclar film, and plastic embedding using LR Gold and had the } same problem. Is there someone out there who has a suggestion? We have 2 } concerns, 1) we don't want to heat the specimen above physiologic temps and } 2) we want to keep track of orientation so as to have cross sections of the } tubules - adherence to some sort of substrate is one possible solution - } any alternatives? } } Thanks for your help. } Doug } .................................................................... } : Douglas W. Cromey, M.S. Dept. of Cell Biology & Anatomy : } : Research Specialist, Principal University of Arizona : } : (office: AHSC 4212A) P.O. Box 245044 : } : (voice: 520-626-2824) Tucson, AZ 85724-5044 USA : } : (FAX: 520-626-2097) (email: doug-cromey-at-ns.arizona.edu): } :...................................................................: } http://www.pharmacy.arizona.edu/exp_path.html } Home of: "Microscopy and Imaging Resources on the WWW" } } }
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regards, Bob Robert Schoonhoven Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Engineering University of North Carolina CB#7400 Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Phone office 919-966-6343 Lab 919-966-6140 Fax 919-966-6123
**I'm willing to make the mistakes if someone else is willing to learn from them**
To all concerned: I am also in the process of digitizing our tem. We have a Zeus 902 cem, fortunately it has a side mount for a 35mm camera already in place. Even with a very good camera, there must be a loss of resolution compared to film. Electrons exposing the film emulsion are highly resolved, whereas a fluorescent image is inherently less resolved. We have always said that you can see more on the negative than the view screen. Has anyone evaluated different resolution cameras to see at what point pixel array size becomes irrelevant when imaging a fluorescent screen?
William McManus Supervisor Electron Microscopy Facility Department of Biology Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5305
Since you raise questions that probably are of interest to many people, I will try to provide some information. Please keep in mind, that my company, Soft Imaging System Corp, produces and sells these systems and I might therefore be a little "biased" towards digital imaging. I will also forward your email to our agent responsible for Australia so he can provide you with more specific information.
1. How easy is it to digitise the TEM without losing the ability to still turn to film.
That is usually not a problem. The digital cameras are either side-mounted on a 35 mm port or bottom mounted below the film chamber. in most cases (if not all), you can retain the film camera and take images on negatives if that is required.
2. What sort of camera/system should we be looking at?
This and the following questions require a bit more thought. The answer usually depends on what you want to to. As I mentioned above, there are basically two different types of camera: side-mounted and bottom mounted. One clear differentiation is the resolution and field of view you can get from these cameras. Since the side-mounted cameras are mounted above the viewing chamber, they "see" about the same area as a negative, sometimes more. On the other hand, the bottom mounted cameras usually see only a small part of the negative area. The side-mounted cameras are better suited for applications where field of view is an issue, the bottom mounted ones are better suited for applications where resolution is the most critical.
Let's have a quick look at side-mounted cameras. They come in various types and configurations. The simplest type is a simple TV camera, where the CCD chip is either lens or fiber coupled to a small scintillator that intercepts the beam (removable). This type of camera is great for teaching and finding areas on a sample, as you get a real-time image on a screen, but the low resolution (640x480 for US standards) makes it less desirable for actual image acquisition (but see below, Multiple Image Alignment).
Another type of cameras are digital cameras for side-mount. They come in many possible sizes and configurations. Usually they have a better resolution and a higher dynamic range (12 bit as opposed to 8 bit for TV cameras), but often they require specific frame grabbers, and the frame rate (numbers of images per second) can drop significantly. That does not seem to be to important at first, but try to adjust astigmatism with a camera that delivers less than 10 frames per second. I personally find it impossible to do. I would say, that a good camera must deliver a resolution of at least 4 times TV (i.e., 1280 x 1024), have a dynamic range of at least 12 bit and a frame rate of 10 or more at full resolution. It should also be able to accept exposure times of several seconds for those darkfield images, which proabably means cooling the camera.
Then there are specialty cameras: high sensitivity cameras, extremely fast cameras, etc. Those can be used, but they are normally not required for "normal" TEM.
Now come the bottom mounted cameras. Almost all of them are fiber coupled for better sensitivity. They are usually square and come in 1Kx1K and 2Kx2K chips. The 2K chips are MUCH more expensive than the 1K chips. They ususally do not have the readout speed of side-mounted cameras, and are basically replacements for negatives. Their lower read out frequency allows better digitization and they are frequently digitized to 14 bit or better. they do only see a part of the negative, and together with the lower readout speed, it can be hard to find the correct area. Most of them, however, have some features (binning, etc.) that allows faster image repetition rate at a reduced resolution. these cameras are often liquid cooled and either hook up to the TEM cooling system or have their own chiller.
Of course you can have both cameras attached at the same time. That way you can pick what camera to use depending on the application.
3. What sort of software is needed?
That again depends on what you want to do. As a minimum I would think, that you need image acquisition from the camera you select (obviously), some gray scale manipulations, non-destructive overlays for documentation, an image database for archiving and retrieving (should be network capable and compatible with other databases), printing capabilities that include Microscopy specific things like scale bars, true magnification, etc. The software should be able to maintain calibration data for different camera setups, if possible communicate with the TEM, and, again if possible, allow for motorized stage control. Important for TEM is also online shading correction to compenstate for fluctuations in the scintillator and illumination, and real-time contrast maximization. This is especially important for 12 bit cameras, as you may have to look for the "right" 8 bits to display and illuminate the sample all the time. Auto-contrast cuts down on the dose. Depending on how you work, a single screen system (with the operating system and the images sharing one monitor) or a dual screen system (with the images displayed on a separate monitor) is best. If you want to use the digital system for astigmatism correction, you need a real-time FFT feature. If you need particle detection Fourier filters, Programming, etc., this should be available also, but is not really necessary for simple image acquisition. You want to keep this option open, though, by selecting software that offers an upgrade path.
4. How much do these things cost?
Ahh, the most important question. The answer is: From anywhere from several thousand $US to hundreds of thousands of $US, depending on manufacturer, quality, software, hardware, cameras, and your demands. I know, this answer is not very satisfying, but it is just as impossible to answer as the question: how much does a car cost. As I said, I will forward your email to our person in Malaysia, and he can answer those more specific questions.
Multiple Image alignment: This is a way to overcome resolution limitations of cameras. One simply takes a series of images that are displaced but overlapping, and the software reconstructs a larger image by montaging the single images. Best done with a motorized stage and controlled by software, but also possible by hand. This can give you very high resolution images (e.g., 3Kx3K) from a low resolution camera. The price you pay for this is that you have to take an image series instead of a single image and the processing takes some time (seconds).
Whew, that turned out to be longer than I had intended. Aplogies to anybody who thinks it is too long.
If you have further questions, please contact me through email or call me. you can also check out our website at
http:\\www.soft-imaging.de
Finally: I do not claim that this is complete. There are many more issued that need to be addressed, but I did not want to make it even longer.
Michael
Michael Bode, Ph.D. Soft Imaging System Corp. 1675 Carr St., #105N Lakewood, CO 80215 phone: (888) FIND SIS (303) 234-9270 fax: (303) 234-9271 email: info-at-soft-imaging.com
******************************************************* Disclaimer: Soft Imaging System produces and sells image acquisition and processing systems. We therefore have a vested interest in some of the items mentioned above. *******************************************************
} } ---------- } From: Ellis, Sarah[SMTP:s.ellis-at-pmci.unimelb.edu.au] } Sent: Wednesday, December 9, 1998 10:18 PM } To: Microscopy Listserver } Subject: Digitization of the TEM } } Hello all again, } } } It seems that cost cutting and space saving have finally started attacking } us! Our darkroom, which I admit is rather large, is wanted by another more } influential person. It has been suggested that we attach a digital camera to } our Hitachi H600 TEM to take over from the film camera we currently use. I } have suggested that digital images are not yet able to produce images as good } as our film can and that the digital image can not be increased to a much } larger size without appreciable loss of resolution. Can any one please help } us find a solution as this same influential person also has their beady } little eyes on our laboratory! } We need to know } 1. How easy is it to digitise the TEM without losing the ability to still } turn to film. } 2. What sort of camera/system should we be looking at? } 3. What sort of software is needed? } 4. How much do these things cost? } } Sarah Ellis } } Trescowthick Research Centre } Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute } Locked Bag #1 A'Beckett Street } Melbourne 8006 Victoria } Australia } } Phone +61-3-9656 1244 } Fax +61-3-9656 1411 } Email s.ellis-at-pmci.unimelb.edu.au } }
Disaster struck our lab recently when the recipe for Reynolds PbCt got tossed, someone made off with our EM book, and my hard drive got wiped. All in one month! My attempt to recreate from memory failed, judging from the disgusting sections I subsequently observed in the TEM. We usually make up 50mLs at at time, please help!
Thanks,
Peggy Brannigan
EM Lab Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, National Arboretum USDA, Beltsville, MD. USA 20705
} Hello all, } } My colleague and I are trying to cut serial sections, but are having a } hard time getting the sections to ribbon nicely. She has tried trimming } by hand with a razor and on the microtome with glass knives. If anyone } has had good luck with their sections ribboning and would be able to give } some helpful hints, we would really appreciate it. Thanks. } } Jeannine Caesar } Department of Neuroscience } University of Pennsylvania
Sections don't ribbon when the top and the bottom of the trapezium is not smooth and parallel. Sharp edges (not raggedy) are important. If they are not parallel, they don't connect to form a ribbon. Elaine
Dr. Elaine Humphrey Biosciences Electron Microscopy Facility University of British Columbia 6270 University Blvd, mail-stop Botany Vancouver, BC CANADA, V6T 1Z4 Phone: 604-822-3354 FAX: 604-822-6089 e-mail: ech-at-unixg.ubc.ca
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The company I work for (Compix) has time-lapse image analysis software that supports digital cameras (Hamamatsu, Spot, Photometrics, but sorry not Polaroid yet!). It is relatively inexpensive ($2K) and easy to use. It is being used mostly for DIC/GFP applications. E-mail me if you are interested in more details or phone my office, 520-749-2070 or our main office 800-393-2526.
Tim Bruchman
Western Regional Sales Manager Compix Inc. Imaging Systems
R-Brooks Corl wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } Several months ago I was told about a software developer who has some } relatively simple "time-lapse" imaging acquisition programs for } digital cameras. I have since lost track of the name and source. } Does anyone know who this is?
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begin: vcard fn: Tim Bruchman n: Bruchman;Tim org: Compix Inc. adr: 11934 E. Makohoh Trail;;;Tucson;AZ;85749;USA email;internet: timbruc-at-azstarnet.com title: Western Regional Manager tel;work: (800) 393-2526 tel;fax: (520) 749-7999 tel;home: (520) 749-2070 x-mozilla-cpt: ;0 x-mozilla-html: FALSE version: 2.1 end: vcard
In response to the original inquiry, I have worked with 2 imaging systems. One uses an external camera (Kodak Mega +) focused on a phosphor screen. It is mounted on the bottom of the column. The film camera is available. It's ok for lower mag ( {x500K) work but suffers in low light applications like HRTEM. It also suffers from spherical aberration although most users don't notice. Can't really give you a cost figure because it was a package deal. It is a good general use system for our multi user facility. Cost aside though I would not replace it with a similar system. The other system I have used was Gatan model 794. This system was quite impressive. The CCD is in the beam but can be retracted to allow the use of film. Viewing area is about the same with both cameras (~1cm dia). Due to cooling of the detector the Gatan camera has a couple of issues that make me less comfortable putting it into a multi user facility. I little interlocking could cure this. Depending on options the 794 is in the 80-90K$ range. Now all of that being said, while digital images will get the data. When I make presentations to people sitting around large thick oak tables. I want photos. Eye wash counts as much as data to some execs. To scanners: if you keep a dark room & print 8x10s you can scan them on a few hundred dollar flatbed scanner & do pretty well. I was suprised at the results. Of course the files can be huge (but cheap). As long a this subject is up. Has anyone had any experience with the Juji FDL 5000 system. Seems it consist of a secret imaging plate that can be taken from the instrument, electronically scanned by their hardware, erased & re used. It's not clear from the literate if it uses your existing camera or replaces your film camera but they are claiming that you get the same viewing area. (real short coming of all other digital systems I've seen)
Disclaimer: I have no business interest the mentioned companies. These are just my thoughts today.
Bruce Brinson Rice U.
When you travel at the speed of light, you don't need a review mirror.
I'm not completely up to date on the new digital technologies, but I concur with the person who advised capturing images on film and scanning them in, at least as far as the TEM is concerned. Film processing takes little space, unless you're really shooting a lot, and scanners are a lot cheaper than decent digital capture systems.
Also, I have yet to see a TEM digital capture system that can generate really useful images, i.e. publication quality. As I said, however, things may have changed.
SEM digital systems are much better, in my experience, and I assume this is because they literally take over the signal capture and image generation electronics of the scope. TEM's, of course, work completely differently.
Images on film are still the highest resolution, most archival, platform independent, and cheapest form of data storage. I do believe, however, that the printing side of photography can now be safely replaced by reasonably priced scanners and printers. Even cheap inkjet printers now are yielding surprisingly good images. These things and Adobe Photoshop are quickly making printing darkrooms a thing of the past for the vast majority of purposes.
Randy
Randy Tindall Electron Microscope Laboratory Box 3EML New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003
I am attempting to gather info on the Zeiss Axiotron 2 UV optical microscope. I would appreciate hearing from any users concerning its approximate cost, ease of use, and applications.
We are a semiconductor Fab making gallium arsnide 4 inch wafers. Our application for the Axiotron is to determine if 0.5 micron wide optical photoresist lines, which are about 1 micron deep, are fully exposed and opened. This would be in a production environment, where our operators would be inspecting hundreds of these wafers a week. We can successfully make this determination using our Hitachi 4500 FESEM, but this is of course not practical for production.
Please feel free to reply to:
Daniel Wilcox Senior Eng. M/A-COM Fab II 1-888-276-7975, x5847
Sarah- I have been through this discussion many times with current and former employers. First feel fortunate the bean counters are requesting the change. You will find the cost of digital imaging will cost more than the current value of your TEM. Try to get the slow scan CCD digital camera, the TV or video rate cameras are not acceptable for image archiving. These slow scan CCD cameras and their software usually cost $50-60,000 US. Gatan and Dage both make nice systems. I'm sure there are others. get the most for your money, buy the best technology, it will be obsolete sooner than you wish. Working prints can be printed on a 300-1200 DPI laser jet, and look fine, high quality photograde prints are usually printed on a Dye-sublimation printer, kind of spendy, but again well worth the invesment. And you feelings on film vs digital images are correct, You can always go back and use TEM film for publication images if needed. good luck & have fun shopping -Mike
On Thu, 10 Dec 1998, Ellis, Sarah wrote:
} Hello all again, } } } It seems that cost cutting and space saving have finally started attacking } us! Our darkroom, which I admit is rather large, is wanted by another more } influential person. It has been suggested that we attach a digital camera } to our Hitachi H600 TEM to take over from the film camera we currently use. } I have suggested that digital images are not yet able to produce images as } good as our film can and that the digital image can not be increased to a } much larger size without appreciable loss of resolution. Can any one please } help us find a solution as this same influential person also has their beady } little eyes on our laboratory! } We need to know } 1. How easy is it to digitise the TEM without losing the ability to } still turn to film. } 2. What sort of camera/system should we be looking at? } 3. What sort of software is needed? } 4. How much do these things cost? } } Sarah Ellis } } Trescowthick Research Centre } Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute } Locked Bag #1 A'Beckett Street } Melbourne 8006 Victoria } Australia } } Phone +61-3-9656 1244 } Fax +61-3-9656 1411 } Email s.ellis-at-pmci.unimelb.edu.au } }
Jeannine- I remember an old trick using the glue adhesive from double stick tape, solvated in acetone, then allow exess acetone to evaporate off, once the appropriate consistancy is obtained use this "glue on the bottom edge of the block face. ribbons are easy to cut, but sometimes difficult to separate, don't cut too many at once. -Mike Thu, 10 Dec 1998, Jeannine Caesar wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Hello all, } } My colleague and I are trying to cut serial sections, but are having a } hard time getting the sections to ribbon nicely. She has tried trimming } by hand with a razor and on the microtome with glass knives. If anyone } has had good luck with their sections ribboning and would be able to give } some helpful hints, we would really appreciate it. Thanks. } } Jeannine Caesar } Department of Neuroscience } University of Pennsylvania } } }
We have a new em facility that was built without a darkroom. Our two main TEM's both have slow scan CCD systems for acquisition and TV rate systems for set up.
At 16:18 1998-12-10 +1100, you wrote: } Hello all again, } } } It seems that cost cutting and space saving have finally started attacking } us! Our darkroom, which I admit is rather large, is wanted by another more } influential person. It has been suggested that we attach a digital camera } to our Hitachi H600 TEM to take over from the film camera we currently use. } I have suggested that digital images are not yet able to produce images as } good as our film can and that the digital image can not be increased to a } much larger size without appreciable loss of resolution.
This is probably still true, just. Low magnification pictures are a problem (8K on the microscope gives us a digital image of x80K. You have to remember that the CCD sees what the small focusing screen looks at. At high mags the maximum final useable image is around 10-20x the indicated microscope magnification.
} Can any one please } help us find a solution as this same influential person also has their beady } little eyes on our laboratory! } We need to know } 1. How easy is it to digitise the TEM without losing the ability to } still turn to film.
Easy. Our digital cameras bolt onto the bottom of the column or it is possible to fit a camera side entry, above the viewing screen. In both cases the film camera is still intact. The CCD camera's are cooled, however, so more care has to be taken to ensure as good a vacuum as possible in the camera chamber.
} 2. What sort of camera/system should we be looking at?
You need both a slow scan CCD and Intensified TV camera. We purchased ours from Gatan.
} 3. What sort of software is needed?
We run with Digital Micrograph. The CCD control is integrated within it.
} 4. How much do these things cost?
Around $100K for a 1Kx1K CCD. The larger the CCD the better!
Regards
Alan W Nicholls, PhD Research Electron Microscopist Manager - Electron Microscopy Laboratory
Mailing Address: Research Resources Center - East (M/C 337) Room 100 Science and Engineering South Building The University of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor St Chicago, IL 60607-7058
When I started working as a junior histology tech in a hospital lab, many years ago in England, I noticed that in all the hospital labs I knew of all junior techs were female and all senior techs were male. I fled back to university research labs before I could be forced to have the operation that seemed to be required to climb the ladder.
Lesley Weston.
On Tue, 8 Dec 1998, Scott Ireland wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Let me put forth a 'possible' (i.e., no data to support this, just } observation) explanation - as a vendor who has worked with the microscopy } community for a few years, I have a noticed that many more women are } entering this profession than men. I believe that I have read that this is } true in most science (not necessarily engineering) fields today. If that } observation is correct, then perhaps the lower average salary is a result of } greater numbers of women new to the field. } } Yes, there does seem to be an old boys network at the top, but given the } sheer numbers of women entering the field, that can't stay like that } forever. I don't want to belittle this if it truly is a case of women doing } the same job and being paid less - that certainly is not right - but I think } that if my observations are correct, and have contributed to this sampling } error - then maybe in the long run it is a good sign, and as these new } microscopists gain experience the median salary will rise, and the } differential will decrease. } } Just a thought, and only my own - not my employers - } } } ------------------------------ } Scott Ireland } North American Sales Manager } Media Cybernetics, L.P. } "The Imaging Experts" } 716.473.0222 Tel } 716.473.8048 Fax } 888.691.2492 Pager } scott-at-mediacy.com } http://www.mediacy.com } http://www.optimas.com } ----------------------------- } } -----Original Message----- } } From: Dr. Rachel Teitelbaum [mailto:teitelba-at-aecom.yu.edu] } Sent: Monday, December 07, 1998 5:26 PM } To: Douglas W. Darnowski } Cc: microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com } Subject: the old boys network } } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } So how does one explain the dominance of men in the field, as evidenced by } fewer tenured professors, etc., and I don't know if NIH breaks down its } grants this way, but there are certainly many fewer Howard Hughes } recipients who are female, and nobel laureates for that matter. I think } it is a rational deduction that there is much less respect for women in } science, and that despite the changing times, there is still an "old boys } network" in place. Surveys in the business field have certainly } demonstrated that women are often paid less despite similar } qualifications. I'm sorry that more people did not respond to the survey } to achieve statistical significance, as to how the results might have } changed with more responses..... } } -Rachel } } } } }
Try using insects with lots of setae. These usually give auto controls troubles, but can be dealt with manually. I've found dealing with these structures helpful in showing when to use manual and how, and when to use auto. Setae are also good subjects for training folks in the use of gamma controls.
Phil
} I have difficulty explaining to people how and when to use the AUTO FOCUS } and AUTO STIGMATOR controls on our Philips 515, and more important, when } not to. Although I have an instinctive understanding, I find it very hard } to put into words. Does anybody have any materials for public use that } might be helpful, and can explain to people the background involved? } } +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ } | Robert H.Olley Phone: | } | J.J.Thomson Physical Laboratory {direct line +44 (0) 118 9318572 | } | University of Reading {University internal extension 7867 | } | Whiteknights Fax +44 (0) 118 9750203 | } | Reading RG6 6AF Email: R.H.Olley-at-reading.ac.uk | } | England URL: http://www.reading.ac.uk/~spsolley | } +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
****be famous! send in a tech tip or question*** Philip Oshel Technical Editor, Microscopy Today PO Box 620068 Middleton, WI 53562 (608) 833-2885 oshel-at-terracom.net
Dear Pedro, There is a useful section on electron scattering factors in the International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography. I don't know the volume number, but it's not the one with the space group tables, and the section is written by John Cowley.
While you won't find Doyle-Turner type parametrization of the scattering factors in this section, the factors are tabulated as a function of scattering angle, so you might be able to generate such parameters using a fit.
I have a web page which may be useful for transforming from the Doyle-Turner scattering factor parameters to equivalent parameters for the potential. It is: http://www.numis.nwu.edu/Staff/wharton/channeling.html
Good luck Wharton ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Argonne National Laboratory West P. O. Box 2528 Idaho Falls, ID 83403 Tel: (208) 533-7724 FAX: (208) 533-7863
mailto:wharton.sinkler-at-anlw.anl.gov
---------- } From: Joao Pedro Esteves De Araujo {Joao.Pedro.Esteves.de.Araujo-at-cern.ch} } To: sinkler-at-apollo.numis.nwu.edu } Subject: Doyle-Turner potential parameters... } Date: Thu, Dec 10, 1998, 8:27 AM }
} Dear Sir } I hope you can help me. } I am trying to find the Doyle-turner potential parameters for } Yttrium (Y). . Unfortunately in their original paper (Relativistic } Hartree-Fock X-ray and Electron Scattering Factors, P.A. Doyle and P.S. } Turner, Acta Cryst., A24, 390, 1968. ) these parameters were not } calculated. } Do you know some more recent reference where I could find this? } Have you some suggestion how to find this information? } I thank you in advance } Yours Pedro } } } } }
I am writing a paper and I need some explanations of field emission guns and why the resolution is so much better when using this gun in a low-voltage SEM.
I am writing a paper and need some basic information on how the field-emission gun works and why the resolution is so much better with this gun in a low-voltage SEM. TIA Tina Schwach
} Disaster struck our lab recently when the recipe for Reynolds PbCt got } tossed.
Here is the recipe (to make about 17ml):
Weigh out 0.44g lead nitrate and 0.59g of sodium citrate into a small glass bottle. Add 10ml glass distilled water, securely fix the cap and shake (by hand) violently for about 1 min. Transfer to a mechanical shaker and allow to shake for a further 30 min. This mixture should by then be white. To this mixture add 2.6ml of freshly made-up 0.1M sodium hydroxide and gently agitate until the cloudiness disappears, then add a further 4ml of distilled water. NB. If any cloudiness persists discard and make it up again. Some people use this diluted up to 1000x with 0.01M NaOH (the original Reynolds reference has more details) but we use it as made up above.
We store this stain in 3ml aliquots in Eppendorff tubes in the refrigerator at about 4C and it keeps for ages.
I hope this puts you on track again.
Regards
Robin
Robin H Cross Director : EM Unit, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa eurc-at-giraffe.ru.ac.za - tel: +27 46 603 8168 - fax: +27 46 622 4377 http://www.ru.ac.za/affiliates/emu/em.htm
We are looking for a cell-chamber to make time lapse recordings of cells. Can someone tell me about experiences made with the FCS2 chamber from Bioptechs? Since we want to make long time recordings focal stability is of special interest for us. If soemone has made expiriences with other systems I also would be interested.
Hi Margaret I found my old book of recipes which includes Pb Cit. It's a few years since I made any as I'm now in a materials em lab but here's how we used to make 50ml:
1.33g lead nitrate 1.76g sodium citrate 30ml boiled distilled water
Mix in a 50ml volumetric flask, shaking vigorously for 1 min. Leave to stand for 30mins with intermittant shaking. Add 8ml of 1M sodium hydroxide (freshly mixed in boiled distilled water). Make up to 50ml with boiled distilled water and mix by inversion.
I hope this works. Best wishes Nikki
Nikki Bock EM Technician Dept. Materials Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD (0115) 9513759/9513871 Email: emznjb-at-hermes.nottingham.ac.uk
Try trimming the block with vertical leading face and sides; only the trailing face keep the usual shape in order to avoid flexure of the block during sectioning (This method is described by Fahrenbach 1984. You can also use a solution of mounting media and toluene mixed 1:1 to coat the leading face facilitating the forming of the ribbon. This procedure gave me very good results.
Gary. NTNU-Trondheim Norway.
On Thu, 10 Dec 1998, Elaine Humphrey wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } } Hello all, } } } } My colleague and I are trying to cut serial sections, but are having a } } hard time getting the sections to ribbon nicely. She has tried trimming } } by hand with a razor and on the microtome with glass knives. If anyone } } has had good luck with their sections ribboning and would be able to give } } some helpful hints, we would really appreciate it. Thanks. } } } } Jeannine Caesar } } Department of Neuroscience } } University of Pennsylvania } } Sections don't ribbon when the top and the bottom of the trapezium is not } smooth and parallel. Sharp edges (not raggedy) are important. If they are } not parallel, they don't connect to form a ribbon. } Elaine } } } Dr. Elaine Humphrey } Biosciences Electron Microscopy Facility } University of British Columbia } 6270 University Blvd, mail-stop Botany } Vancouver, BC } CANADA, V6T 1Z4 } Phone: 604-822-3354 } FAX: 604-822-6089 } e-mail: ech-at-unixg.ubc.ca } } }
The recipe for Reynold's lead stain is as follows:
Add 1.33g lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 to 1.76g tri-sodium citrate Na3C6H5O7.2H2O in a 50ml plastic (polymethylpentane) volumetric flask and add 30ml boiled, cooled, CO2 free distilled water. Invert the stoppered flask occasionally for 30 minutes and then add 8ml CO2 free 1N NaOH and mix till clear. Dilute to 50ml and leave to stand overnight before use. Store in refrigerator.
Dan Hill Department of Biochemistry Cambridge University UK
On Thu, 10 Dec 1998, Margaret Brannigan wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Disaster struck our lab recently when the recipe for Reynolds PbCt got } tossed, someone made off with our EM book, and my hard drive got wiped. } All in one month! My attempt to recreate from memory failed, judging from } the disgusting sections I subsequently observed in the TEM. We usually } make up 50mLs at at time, please help! } } Thanks, } } Peggy Brannigan } } EM Lab } Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, National Arboretum } USDA, Beltsville, MD. USA 20705 } } (301) 504-6097 } } } }
we're having problems Au coating cheese samples for SEM observations. They ared freezed and then coated. While being coated, after only a couple of minutes, they get caramelized (does this word exists?). It looks like a film of caramel is produced on the surface. Since we have now experience and no idea about this type of materials we would like to hear any opinion about coating conditions: should we Au coat them at high pressure for a short time, or low pressure and longer time? what makes this caramel appear?
Please, let us now if any of you have done something like this before. Thanks in advance.
Silvia Montoro Centro Regional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Guemes 3450 3000 Santa Fe Argentina csedax-at-arcride.edu.ar
Good morning: We are also transitioning to digital with the following system: a Microlumina slow scan, high-resolution CCD camera connected to a Mac G3, on which we'll run Photoshop and aquire image from scans of negatives placed on a special ($) high illumination output light box. The system is also capable of scanning regular 2x2 and 120 slides. The camera will also be used on my Olympus for brightfield work (not enough light to the camera to permit fluorescence). We're looking at about 12-15 thousand for the whole system. I too have an H600 and have looked at cooled CCD cameras attached to the 35mm port. As a previous respondent mentioned, they don't, as yet offer the resolution that the Microlumina does and they cost about four times as much. Hence our decision to go with scans of negatives. The versatility of the system is also a plus. It is not in place yet, so I don't know what the downside might be, but I think we'll be satisfied. I also am reluctant to give up using the darkroom, although I have been very happy with what can be accomplished using a digital darkroom, i.e., Photoshop. Dwight
Dwight Beebe Institut de recherche en biologie vegetale Universite de Montreal 4101, rue Sherbrooke est Montreal (Quebec) H1X 2B2 Canada Tel: 514-872-4563 FAX: 514-872-9406
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Hello } } We are looking for a cell-chamber to make time lapse recordings of cells. } Can someone tell me about experiences made with the FCS2 chamber from } Bioptechs? Since we want to make long time recordings focal stability is } of special interest for us. } If soemone has made expiriences with other systems I also would be } interested. } } thanks } Reinhard } } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . } Dr. Reinhard Windoffer Fon: (00)49 (0)6131/39 3720 } Universitaet Mainz Fax: (00)49 (0)6131/39 4615 } Anatomisches Institut e-mail: windoff-at-mail.uni-mainz.de } Becherweg 13 } D-55099 Mainz } Germany } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
We use the FCS2 for our live cell imaging, and I think it is fantastic. It is very well designed, and very easy to use. We use it pretty much as they recommend, with their pumps and heaters. They have a web site (www.bioptechs.com) that has a lot of useful info about live cell imaging, as well as technical specs of their systems. It is not cheap, but worth it. My one suggestion: get a couple extra of the thermoplastic glass and gaskets. Careless people ruin these easily.
Your focal stability is going to depend a lot on your microscope system. If you are using an immersion lens, the spring-loaded head will have a tendency, over several hours, to push itself slightly out of focus. Gravity will also play a small role in moving your objectives. The chamber itself is very stable. Dan at Bioptechs is very helpful, and can give you much good advice.
rich
-- --- --- --- -- -- -- --- --- --- Richard J. Dudley (rdudley+-at-pitt.edu) Research Specialist V Dept. of Cell Biology and Physiology University of Pittsburgh http://www.cbp.pitt.edu ---} search BIONET archives at http://www.bio.net {---
I have received multiple copies (at least four today) of a message sent on Dec 8 re:salary survey thoughts. I am certain this is no fault of the author but instead due to some computer system somewhere. Have others been receiving multiple copies as well?
Mick Thomas Mick Thomas UHV-STEM Laboratory E-1 Clark Hall Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853
The correct URL for the web page mentioned below is: http://www.numis.nwu.edu/internet/Staff/wharton/channel.html
Wharton
} } Dear Pedro, } There is a useful section on electron scattering factors in the } International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography. I don't know the volume } number, but it's not the one with the space group tables, and the section is } written by John Cowley. } } While you won't find Doyle-Turner type parametrization of the scattering } factors in this section, the factors are tabulated as a function of } scattering angle, so you might be able to generate such parameters using a } fit. } } I have a web page which may be useful for transforming from the } Doyle-Turner scattering factor parameters to equivalent parameters for the } potential. It is: } http://www.numis.nwu.edu/Staff/wharton/channeling.html } } Good luck } Wharton } ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ } Argonne National Laboratory West } P. O. Box 2528 } Idaho Falls, ID 83403 } Tel: (208) 533-7724 } FAX: (208) 533-7863 } } mailto:wharton.sinkler-at-anlw.anl.gov } } ---------- } } From: Joao Pedro Esteves De Araujo {Joao.Pedro.Esteves.de.Araujo-at-cern.ch} } } To: sinkler-at-apollo.numis.nwu.edu } } Subject: Doyle-Turner potential parameters... } } Date: Thu, Dec 10, 1998, 8:27 AM } } } } } Dear Sir } } I hope you can help me. } } I am trying to find the Doyle-turner potential parameters for } } Yttrium (Y). . Unfortunately in their original paper (Relativistic } } Hartree-Fock X-ray and Electron Scattering Factors, P.A. Doyle and P.S. } } Turner, Acta Cryst., A24, 390, 1968. ) these parameters were not } } calculated. } } Do you know some more recent reference where I could find this? } } Have you some suggestion how to find this information? } } I thank you in advance } } Yours Pedro } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } }
We examine cheese routinely at USU. It sound as if the coating process is allowing the cheese to warm up and the serum and/or the fat may be flowing and carmalizing. Look at Food Structure Vol.12 (1993), pp.475-482 for details on our protocol, If unavailable, let me know and I will get you a copy. Bill
William McManus Supervisor Electron Microscopy Facility Department of Biology Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5305
billEMac-at-cc.usu.edu 435-797-1920
-----Original Message----- } From: "csedax-at-alpha.arcride.edu.ar"-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com [mailto:"csedax-at-alpha.arcride.edu.ar"-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com] Sent: Friday, December 11, 1998 1:12 AM To: MICROSCOPY-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com
Dear all,
we're having problems Au coating cheese samples for SEM observations. They ared freezed and then coated. While being coated, after only a couple of minutes, they get caramelized (does this word exists?). It looks like a film of caramel is produced on the surface. Since we have now experience and no idea
about this type of materials we would like to hear any opinion about coating conditions: should we Au coat them at high pressure for a short time, or low pressure and longer time? what makes this caramel appear?
Please, let us now if any of you have done something like this before. Thanks in advance.
Silvia Montoro Centro Regional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Guemes 3450 3000 Santa Fe Argentina csedax-at-arcride.edu.ar
} -- Begin original message -- } } I have an interesting technical problem that I'm hoping the folks on this list can help me figure out. } I have a colleague who is trying to embed dissected renal tubules (20 } } micron diameter x 500 micron length) for immunofluorescence. He would like to be able to "tack down" individual tubules to some kind of substrate, so that he can keep track of which end he's working from, and would like to cross section them (1-4 micron sections) from end-to-end (vs longitudinal sx). We've tried adhering tubules to Thermanox coverslips and making cryotome sections, but the sections of plastic curled up like a scroll. We've tried Aclar film, and plastic embedding using LR Gold and had the same problem. Is there someone out there who has a suggestion? We have 2 concerns, 1) we don't want to heat the specimen above physiologic temps and 2) we want to keep track of orientation so as to have cross sections of the tubules - adherence to some sort of substrate is one possible solution - } } any alternatives? } } } } Thanks for your help. } } Doug } } .................................................................... } } : Douglas W. Cromey, M.S. Dept. of Cell Biology & Anatomy : } } : Research Specialist, Principal University of Arizona : } } : (office: AHSC 4212A) P.O. Box 245044 : } } : (voice: 520-626-2824) Tucson, AZ 85724-5044 USA : } } : (FAX: 520-626-2097) (email: doug-cromey-at-ns.arizona.edu): } } :...................................................................: } } http://www.pharmacy.arizona.edu/exp_path.html } } Home of: "Microscopy and Imaging Resources on the WWW"
Doug:
How about placing the tubules inside another tube such as a length of small intestine or aorta? Adding a bit of gelatine might keep more than one tubule from moving around. The enveloping tube could be fixed to make it less flexible if desired. Just a thought.
Geoff -- *************************************************************** Geoff McAuliffe, Ph.D. Neuroscience and Cell Biology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 675 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854 voice: (732)-235-4583; fax -4029 e-mail: mcauliff-at-umdnj.edu ***************************************************************
We examine cheese routinely at USU. It sound as if the coating process is allowing the cheese to warm up and the serum and/or the fat may be flowing and carmalizing. Look at Food Structure Vol.12 (1993), pp.475-482 for details on our protocol, If unavailable, let me know and I will get you a copy. Bill
William McManus Supervisor Electron Microscopy Facility Department of Biology Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5305
billEMac-at-cc.usu.edu 435-797-1920 -----Original Message----- } From: "csedax-at-alpha.arcride.edu.ar"-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com [mailto:"csedax-at-alpha.arcride.edu.ar"-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com] Sent: Friday, December 11, 1998 1:12 AM To: MICROSCOPY-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com
Dear all,
we're having problems Au coating cheese samples for SEM observations. They ared freezed and then coated. While being coated, after only a couple of minutes, they get caramelized (does this word exists?). It looks like a film of caramel is produced on the surface. Since we have now experience and no idea
about this type of materials we would like to hear any opinion about coating conditions: should we Au coat them at high pressure for a short time, or low pressure and longer time? what makes this caramel appear?
Please, let us now if any of you have done something like this before. Thanks in advance.
Silvia Montoro Centro Regional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Guemes 3450 3000 Santa Fe Argentina csedax-at-arcride.edu.ar
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Reply to: RE: TEM - serial sections Dear Jeanine,
Cutting serial sections is very easy and Elaine Humphrey and Mike Rock = have told you all you need to know. I can only add a couple of simple = suggestions.
Make sure the top and bottom of the block are parallel with each other and = with the knife edge. =
Shaping the sides of the block so that they are perpendicular to the knife = will sometimes help form ribbons. =
Make sure there is an identifying characteristic in the section which can = be used for orientation. This can be a slight nick in the side of the = block or an easily identifiable part of the sample.
If possible, make the height o fthe block as small as possible. This will = allow you to produce large numbers of sections before having to pick them = up.
Mikes idea for using the sticky tape glue is good but as he points out, = the glue is a little too effective in sticking the sections together. We = apply a product called "Tacky Wax" to the bottom (and/or top) of the block = and find it sticks the sections together but not too securely. As I do = not know the supplier of this product I have been experimenting with = substitutes. The best so far is the "Post-it" glue that is supplied on a = stick from office suppliers. =
Regards,
Paul Webster
Jeannine Caesar wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America =
Paul Webster, Ph.D House Ear Institute 2100 West Third Street Los Angeles, CA 90057 phone:213 273 8026 fax: 213 413 6739 e-mail: pwebster-at-hei.org http://www.hei.org/htm/apw.htm
id sma004522; Fri Dec 11 16:51:41 1998 Received: from sv-gw1.stsv.seagate.com (sv-gw1.stsv.seagate.com [134.204.14.95]) by auth1.seagate.com with SMTP id IAA06230 for {microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com} ; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 08:51:32 -0800 Received: by sv-gw1.stsv.seagate.com(Lotus SMTP MTA Internal build v4.6.2 (651.2 6-10-1998)) id 882566D7.005C9023 ; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 08:51:02 -0800 X-Lotus-FromDomain: SEAGATE-at-INTERNET To: microscopy-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com Message-ID: {882566D7.005C8EB3.00-at-sv-gw1.stsv.seagate.com}
Sarah:
Although you have already received plenty of responses to your question on "digitizing the TEM," it may be interesting to you and others concerned with this issue to look at the article by Alwyn Eades in the current "Microscopy Today", and articles by J. Brink ("Micron" Vol 27 (2), 1997, 129-139), and Sherman and Chiu ("Journal of Microscopy" Vol 188, 1997, 285-289) which deal with resolution of CCD cameras.
I am installing a TEM, and fortunately was able to get a darkroom along with it. For the most part the CCD camera will do very well, with the added advantage of transmitting images to the requester through the local network. Measurements on digitized images obtained directly from the CCD camera or from scanned negatives are conveniently done on the computer monitor, and the whole process is dry and clean. For the highest resolution work I expect to use negatives, and possibly scanned prints of those negatives.
Augusto A. Morrone, Ph.D. Senior Advisory Quality Engineer Analysis Lab Seagate Technology 7801 Computer Ave South Bloomington, MN 55435-5489 Phone: (612) 844-5838 Fax: (612) 844-8247
I have been asked to compare the relative density of capillary beds in different regions of cortex (rodent). My current thinking is to use cardiac perfusion (saline/formaldehyde) followed by perfusion with a dye (which to use?) then cut either vibrotome or frozen sections. If the dye does not leak beyond the bed, quantitative image analysis could be used to determine %difference of dyed vs. undyed cortex. Has anyone done this type of study? Any comments and/or suggestions are welcome.
Thanks,
Richard Mount Auditory Science Laboratory Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ontario CANADA
Applied Optical Microscopy will be offered for the 15th year just prior to PITTCON '99, in Orlando, Fl.
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b) a full day on polarized light analysis (both quantitative and qualitative)
c) the opportunity to bring your own samples and use them during the course to develop practical strategies for solving microscopical problems.
For further details and registration information, visit our website { {http://www.MME-Microscopy.com/education} or call me here at the Microscopy/Microscopy office.
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I need some advice in vacuum impregnation of fractures. We plan to prepare cross sections for SEM analysis from partially fractured aluminum samples (that is a sample which has a fine crack going though its center). This analysis will be followed by opening the crack for an analysis of the fracture surface itself. It is important to protect the crack crevice from the attack by the solutions (water, etchants) used to prepare the cross sections.
In our first attempt, we vacuum impregnated the crack with stop-off-lacquer before handling. After opening the crack, fine particles of the lacquer adhered to the rough fracture surface and we were not able to remove these particles without attacking the fracture surface as well.
Are there any waxes out there suitable for this application?
Many thanks Hasso Weiland Alcoa Technical Center Alcoa Center, PA 15069
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This is exactly what we did for similar reasons.
We are very happy with the results. It is amazing the "prints" you can obtain using an Epson stylus 800 printer with photo quality paper and Photoshop. Most of our students use this system exclusively now. Some of us "old timers" still like the darkroom at times.
Our system is PC based, but feel free to contact me if you need.
Carol } } } Good morning: } We are also transitioning to digital with the following system: a } Microlumina slow scan, high-resolution CCD camera connected to a Mac G3, on } which we'll run Photoshop and aquire image from scans of negatives placed } on a special ($) high illumination output light box. The system is also } capable of scanning regular 2x2 and 120 slides. The camera will also be } used on my Olympus for brightfield work (not enough light to the camera to } permit fluorescence). We're looking at about 12-15 thousand for the whole } system. } I too have an H600 and have looked at cooled CCD cameras attached } to the 35mm port. As a previous respondent mentioned, they don't, as yet } offer the resolution that the Microlumina does and they cost about four } times as much. Hence our decision to go with scans of negatives. The } versatility of the system is also a plus. It is not in place yet, so I } don't know what the downside might be, but I think we'll be satisfied. I } also am reluctant to give up using the darkroom, although I have been very } happy with what can be accomplished using a digital darkroom, i.e., } Photoshop. } Dwight } } Dwight Beebe } Institut de recherche en biologie vegetale } Universite de Montreal } 4101, rue Sherbrooke est } Montreal (Quebec) H1X 2B2 Canada } Tel: 514-872-4563 } FAX: 514-872-9406
Carol M. Garland, Member of the Professional Staff MC138-78 California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA 91125
} we're having problems Au coating cheese samples for SEM } observations. } They are frozen and then coated. While being coated, after only a couple of } minutes, they get caramelized (does this word exists?). It looks like a } film of } caramel is produced on the surface. Since we have no experience and no idea } about this type of material we would like to hear any opinion about coating } conditions: } should we Au coat them at high pressure for a short time, or low pressure and } longer time? what makes this caramel appear? } } Please, let us know if any of you have done something like this before. Thanks } in advance. } } Silvia Montoro } Centro Regional de Investigacion y Desarrollo } Guemes 3450 } 3000 Santa Fe } Argentina } csedax-at-arcride.edu.ar
Sylvia -
You'll find the FOODS UNDER THE MICROSCOPE Web page http://www.cyberus.ca/~scimat/ quite helpful. Contact its author (who doesn't read this listserver) if you have further questions: Milos Kalab {kalabm-at-EM.AGR.CA}
Caroline Schooley Educational Outreach Coordinator Microscopy Society of America Box 117, 45301 Caspar Point Road Caspar, CA 95420 Phone/FAX (707)964-9460 Project MICRO: http://www.MSA.microscopy.com/ProjectMICRO/Books.html Intertidal invertebrates: http://www.fortbragg.k12.ca.us/AG/PCI/pci.html
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All,
All the ergonomic chairs we can find contain (magnetic?) metal parts. If they are moved at the microscope, their motion affects the position of the zero-loss peak of a GIF. The effect can be rather annoying. We really need ergonomic but non magnetic chairs made from plastic or wood. Does anyone out there know of a supplier?
Dr. Christian Kisielowski
National Center for Electron Microscopy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road, Bldg. 72/125 Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
Tel: (510) 486 4716 Fax: (510) 486 5888
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Hello, Our company produced verry large chamber for SEM. You are invited to visi= t our site web: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/opea.hoan/ Our realizations for: CEAT (Centre d'Essais Aeronautique de Toulouse - FRANCE) OCE (Holland) Hoan OPEA 114, rue de la Jarry 94300-VINCENNES (FRANCE) Tel.33.1.4328 3496 Fax:33.1.4328.0364
Marienhoff a =E9crit:
} -----------------------------------------------------------------------= - } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Co= m } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.htm= l } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Dear all, } } We want to integrate two separate motorized tables of five axis each in= to our } large chamber SEM. Who knows suppliers of these tables? } } Best regards } } Peter Marienhoff } ___________________________ } Dr. Peter Marienhoff } VisiTec Microtechnik GmbH } Karl-Marx-Str. 14 } D-23936 Grevesmuehlen } Germany } } Fon: +49-3881-790-47 } Fax: +49-3881-790-48 } email: pmarienhoff-at-visitec-em.de } http://www.visitec-em.de
Two groups here at the MBL have been using the Delta TC3 system from Bioptechs. It has been working very well for our purposes but the FCS2 would probably be better for time lapse recordings. Dan at Bioptechs has been of much help along with their web page: www.bioptechs.com.
Thanks, Louie
At 9:40 AM +0100 12/11/98, Reinhard Windoffer wrote: } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America
Louie Kerr Research and Education Support Coordinator Marine Biological Laboratory 7 MBL Street Woods Hole, MA 02543 508-289-7273 508-540-6902 (FAX)
www.dvcco.com No cooling needed, color integration to 10 sec $4995 !!! These are 10 bit cameras.... 60dB signal to noise not 50. See model info below This is an informational update on a new type digital camera on the market from the manufacturer. This is current info, not some old, me too camera info rehash from years past by someone who paid too much. CURRENT SHOW: CELL BIOLOGY / SAN FRANCISCO MOSCONE BOOTH 15 12/13 - 12/16/ 1998 Going on as you read this! Web site: www.dvcco.com this is the most current site for you to bookmark ****** Please look at image gallery / color images/ biomedical images HERE IS WHAT WE CAN NOW OFFER THAT THE OTHERS CANNOT FOCUSING ON THE MICROSCOPY MARKET. * A 12fps focusable image finally.... No 60% signal loss via a noisy RGB sequential filter and slow response of 1 frame every 4 seconds etc. -at- $8k+. * Full RS232 Control outboard of the camera for 10 second integration with no noise or up to 30dB gain at 12fps so you can have it either way. Remember if you start with a 60dB signal and add gain you go from 10 bits down to 8 but if you start with a competitors camera at 50dB which is 8 bits only marginally you go down to 7 bits or 6. So with 50dB your are starting out with 7.5 to marginal 8 bits before you even add gain. Who wants less than 8 bits in the first place??? Your camera guy might say Oh we use that sensor also BUT....what he doesn't know is that due to his manufactures rush to get the camera to market they did a sloppy auto route job of the board and ended up with 50dB signal to noise Vs our 60dB. It is how much of the signal to noise of the sensor YOU PRESERVE that counts in a design. Yes, tell your camera/microscope salesmen they can stop telling everyone they need cooling just because of a little integration in the range of 0-20 seconds. NOT SO if they have YOUR best interest in mind. This was the big surprise at the Neuroscience show / virtually everyone automatically parroted cooling in the same breath with integration.... * Color integration.... one snap and its done, no overlays. * We offer the whole system digital camera, cable, supply, and frame grabber PCI/PC by Epix / PIXCI-D for about $6300!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! $4995+200+150+995. * Yes we have a new Mac interface also / ITI board, but please if you have a choice go PC/ PCI. So what if NIH Image is free, so is this software.... We can even offer you the computer 400Mhz+ in a system package. * We are a US camera manufacturer, with full control of our design and OEM engineering capability. OEM quantity orders are no problem. * Yes it is TWAIN compatible and the Epix board for $995 even has all the free software you will ever need to grab and evaluate your image via some of the other fine programs that are out there along with custom color balance software for the DVC 1300C * The DVC1300 Mono or DVC1300C / RGB camera can BOTH be USED on the same RS422 digital only Mono Epix frame grabber. You do not need a special frame grabber for color and the display of the RGB image is on your computer monitor...not some expensive RGB monitor. Were talking digital here, not analog so we have more avenues and flexibility than with the old analog cameras. * When evaluating cameras do it via S/N - signal to noise first....at 12 frames/sec We offer 10 bits, no more... Even with integration. Be careful, others will say they do 16 bits or 14 etc.... but at how much integration time... * Yes we have cooling to -40 if needed. Most integration out to perhaps 10 seconds or a little more DO NOT. Cooling is an expensive add on that also could reduce the life of the camera if the seal leaks later..... * The sensor is effective a grade one sensor. Before you purchase a camera ask what grade sensor you are getting. A well known mfgr ships grade 3 sensors and charges you 10K+ for the privilege. Models: DVC1300 Monochrome 1300 x 1030 pixels-at- 12fps or 1300 x 515 -at- 24fps !!!!!!!! DVC1300C Color RGB 1300 x 1030 pixels -at- 12fps
* Here is an idea: For the price these systems are offered you can outfit your lab with 2 if not more cameras with one frame grabber and 1 each of the RGB and mono DVC cameras instead of some pricey mono camera with a noisy lossey sequential filter and no frame grabber for the price, or some built in one with no flexibility. We fit a niche market...Most people that would like a good fluorescent image or other with decent signal to noise for 10 bit or less with gain picture and all the gain 30db or integration they need. Yes, if you go past 20 or 30 seconds then you will need cooling. The explanation of the color filter/ Bayer pattern is on the web site under DVC1300C. The Bayer pattern reduces aliasing also. Every wonder why at the Vision or Photonics East/West shows you see these color camera manufacturers showing big.......colorful teddy bear's etc. Its because they do not have a decent Megapixel color camera, only low resolution analog that is 7 bits or 48 dbS/N. Big and smooth does not show you the detail. There is a complete FAQ ....Frequently asked questions section in the index for your reading pleasure. We hope this helps let you know there is some radically new cost effective technology out there that you should be aware of. Double click on the images to blow them up for your review and download. Thank you for your time and if I offended anyone, God help me, I have seen enough boring messages that I know this does not fall into. Regards, Rich
Richard Klotsche DVC Company Sales Manager 619-444-8300 619-444-8321-fax dvcco-at-aol.com www.dvcco.com
In the past I was deeply involved in the design of SEM cryo systems and t= he problem you relate is typical of what I would term "old fashioned" sputte= r coating systems, too hot!.
Sputter coating is one of the biggest problem areas in any form of SEM, i= t often cooks and very often decorates a specimen.
May I suggest you use the following procedure to look at the specimen UNCOATED, then you will find the source of your problem.
1. Run at 2kV =
2. Depending upon the microscope you have you will probably need abo= ut 50uA emission =
3. Use a spot size SMALLER than you would normally use as this is a safety device 4. Run at a maximum of 15mm WD
Always look at a specimen in this way first and then you will know what t= he real specimen looks like. You will be surprised just how many specimens=
will be usable without coating. =
If you do decide to coat do so at the lowest voltage that your coater wil= l provide (probably about 800v) and run for no longer than 1 minute at 20mA= . =
To improve the coating efficiency move the sample along the cold block, backwards and forwards, as you coat.
For more help please feel free to contact me with details of your cryo system and your microscope.
Steve Chapman
Senior Consultant E.M. Protrain, 16 Hedgerley, Chinnor, Oxford OX9 4TN, England. Tel & Fax 44 (0)1844 353161 Web Site - http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/protrain For Consultancy and Courses in Electron Microscopy World Wide
The electron source sets the limits of the SEM system. All that our condenser lenses do is to reduce the size of the source by throwing electrons away. A crude rule of thumb is the resolution attainable will = be 10,000X smaller than the source size (50 micron source 50 Angstrom resolution). The answer to the FEGSEM sucess is its source. About 1000=
times brighter than a W hairpin and measured in nm rather than micron there are far more electrons available to us per unit area. This makes = it possible to form smaller probes with sufficient current to gereate a high=
level of signal. The FEG really comes into its own at low voltage for a number of reasons.
1. The W hairpin system loses efficiency as you move away from the design kV. The gun has to be designed with a certain minimum anode to cathode distance (about 1mm for every 2kV) in order to prevent discharge = at the highest kV. As soon as you move away from the higest kV the system i= s no longer optimised and the gun becomes less efficient. You can improve the gun performance by raising the anode and moving the filament forward.= =
Even with these modifications the low kV performance still falls short because of the increased level of aberrations in the system. Lower operating lens currents and accelerating voltages mean that small irregularities have a greater effect. Add to these problems the increase= d beam spread when it strikes the specimen at lower voltages and you see w= hy the resulting performance is pretty poor.
2. Using a FEG we do not have the problems with gun design and the source is so much improved that even when using small spot sizes at the specimen (compensating for beam spread in the specimen and that due to aberrations) there is more than enough current to generate a good signal.=
Take a W hairpin system at 2kV and you will be doing well to obtain 20,00= 0X with any quality, go to a good FEG SEM and 90,000X at 2kV is not such a problem. The best FEG systems from my experience are the ones using a double detecting system, here the choice of signals makes the operation o= f the instrument and an understanding of imaging information an operator's dream, we can select the signal that we want.
Dual detector imaging often known as semi in lens imaging, relies upon th= e SE being attracted to a detector which is situated above the final lens pole piece. Initially commercial instruments with two ET detectors used the field from the final lens to "pull" SE into the upper detector. ISI were first with their SS Series and then Hitachi with the S570 took this route. In these instruments they allowed the specimen to be anywhere between 100% out of lens, through to what we would consider to be a WD of=
-5mm. That is 5mm up inside the pole piece! Problems arose if you were using magnetic materials, hence the development of a twin detector system=
by Hitachi which used a field coil to drag electrons up to the detector a= nd a pole piece design which retained the lens field within the pole piece. =
The twin detector system gives the microscopist the best of all worlds.
1. The upper detector provides an opportunity to sift out the BSE an= d obtain a pretty pure SE image. The high lens strength at very short WD (~3mm) enables the instruments to reach very high resolution levels. The down side of this is, as SE are effected by charge, this mode is more pro= ne to charge problems. However at {5kV in my experience we have very few problems provided the operator knows about low damage techniques.
2. The lower detector offers the type of contrast which we all see i= n our conventional single detector SEM, SE+BSE. The up side is that the BS= E contribution to this image results in far fewer charge problems and may b= e a good compromise for the biologist.
3. Add a BSE detector to such a system, and you can move in any direction "pure" SE or SE + BSE or pure BSE. Drop the kV and the BSE becomes even more interesting as the volumes of material involved almost mimic SE volumes. Not to be discounted for biological applications.
So there we are I hope this helps those who have no experience with the new era, that of dual detector FEG SEM.
Steve Chapman
Senior Consultant E.M. Protrain, 16 Hedgerley, Chinnor, Oxford OX9 4TN, England. Tel & Fax 44 (0)1844 353161 Web Site - http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/protrain For Consultancy and Courses in Electron Microscopy World Wide
THANK-YOU to all who responded to my questions. I received many informative and wonderful responses. I am currently writing a submission to suggest we keep at least half our darkroom for the developement of negatives and for printing the occasional negative BUT I am also suggesting that we purchase a good quality scanner with associatied software and computer in compensation for losing part of our darkroom. Digitizing the TEM appears to be a very expensive alternative but I'll also furnish the 'Powerful Ones' with information on this as well. I will post a summary of the information I received from all the wonderful Micrscopy Listserver people as soon as practical. Again,
Thank-you!!!
Sarah Ellis
Trescowthick Research Centre Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute Locked Bag #1 A'Beckett Street Melbourne 8006 Victoria Australia
Silvia, Are you trying to keep your sample frozen or even cooled during the coating +imaging? I have a couple of thoughts depending on the equipment you have--- 1. if you are using a cryo-SEM, keep the sample small enough to fit into a 2 mm rivet. Place a second rivet onto the surface, freeze in LN slush, transfer to the specimen preparation chamber and fracture at -196C, transfer the sample onto the SEM stage, heat the stage ( -100C) and allow the surface ice to sublime (etch) for 4 min. Try imaging your sample "uncoated" at 2.5 or 5 kV. If you are unhappy with the image, transfer the "etched" sample back to the table in the prep chamber and coat 30 sec. with Au. This worked on "soft serve froz. yogurt" and some protein gels 2. if you are doing all of this at ambient temperatures, you might be able to cool the table inside the sputter- coater by pumping ice water through it. We managed to do this with an an old ISI PS-2 coater.In this case I would increase the distance from the target to your sample as much as is possible. In that same coater the target housing can be pulled up and the table adjusted as well. 3. if you can use your sputter coater to evaporate C or find a vacuum evaporator, you can maximize the distance from the C thread or rods as you evap. for 1 or 2 sec at 1 sec intervals and again try to use a heat sink such as a copper block in liquid N 4. lastly, you might try some form of fixation: --freeze-subsituting the sample in acetone +osmium at -80C. If you do this last procedure--be prepared to follow up with a dehydration series and critical point drying. The sample should be more conductive...but I would still try to coat it with Au or C. --follow a procdure used by M. Kalab (I have to check the reference) but I believe a series of 3mm dia. holes were drilled into an aluminum stub, the "soft" dairy sample was placed into each hole and covered with low melting pt. agar. The entire stub plus samples were fixed at ambient T with gluteraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide, ethanol dehydration and critical point drying. Before the samples were sputter-coated,the surface of each was touched with the sticky tape on a second aluminum stub and both were then sputter- coated. I recently tried this with whey protein gels but only used vapor fixation with osmium before dehydrating and coating. I'll send references asap. Let me know what you found to work. Rosemary
Can anybody help me? I am in urgent need of SEM photos, good drawings and/or colour plates of the following genera or species: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; facies and whole body Larva and adult of Neotrombicula autumnalis; dorsal view Tetranychus sp.; facies and dorsal view - and if possible, drawings or photos of the stages in their mating ritual + photo of infested plant Varroa jacobsoni; facies, dorsal and ventral view + photo of infested bees Scheloribates laevigatus as intermediate host of the tapeworm Moniezia expansa + drawings of lifecycle of the tapeworm Dirocheles phalaenodectes; photo + drawins of lifecycle in the tympanal organ of a noctuid moth Demodex folliculorum or D. brevis; single specimen + drawing of several specimens in hair follicle Sarcoptes scabei; dorsal and ventral view + drawing of lifecycle in the human skin Dorsal view of male and female Ixodes ricinus, and colour plate of engorged animal. Also SEM photos of the chelicera. Arrenurus conicus; male and female, dorsal view Glycyphagus canestrinii; male and female, dorsal view Pergamassus crassipes, male and female, ventral view Analges clavipes, male and female, ventral view Labidocarpus megalonyx, Geckobia loricata, Caelculus echinipes, Carabodes elongatus, and Pelops phaenotus, all dorsal views Tegeocranus sp.(dorsal view) and Belba sp. (lateral view) with nymphal exuvial remains intact Pelops acromius larva, tritonymph and adult, all dorsal views
The pictures are to be used in an exhibition at the Bergen Aquarium, and we need them before January 5th. And they must be high quality.
If you can help me, please send me an e-mail (eli.amundsen-at-zoo.uib.no) naming the pictures you can supply, and your price of delivery and I will get back to you with details of payments and postal adress.
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A very easy way to evaluate capillary beds is to use the presence of endogenous peroxide in the red blood cells present in the capillaries. Remove the tissue from the animal and immediately cool...do not wash out the blood but immersion fix in 4% paraformaldehyde. Then simply react vibratomed tissue sections with DAB and the resultant dark brown reaction product makes it quite easy to trace the capillaries by light microscopy. The reaction can be further enhanced by exposing the sections to peroxidase-congugated IgG to increase the background staining of the blood plasma.
See the reference: Sherman, D. and W. Paull. (1985) "New Method for Visualization of Vascular Networks in Nonperfused Fixed Tissues". Stain Technology 60:2 p.89.
Debby Sherman, Manager Phone: 765-494-6666 Microscopy Center in Agriculture FAX: 765-494-5896 Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology E-mail: sherman-at-btny.purdue.edu Purdue University 1057 Whistler Building West Lafayette, IN 47907-1057
--------------------------------------
Suggestions needed!
I have been asked to compare the relative density of capillary beds in different regions of cortex (rodent). My current thinking is to use cardiac perfusion (saline/formaldehyde) followed by perfusion with a dye (which to use?) then cut either vibrotome or frozen sections. If the dye does not leak beyond the bed, quantitative image analysis could be used to determine %difference of dyed vs. undyed cortex. Has anyone done this type of study? Any comments and/or suggestions are welcome.
Thanks,
Richard Mount Auditory Science Laboratory Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ontario CANADA
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If chemistry associated with cracking is of concern (sounds that way), then almost anything added to the crack will be problematic. Either it will add it's own chemistry, or you may clean off offending material along with the impregnating material. If it is at all possible, I would suggest sectioning
(careful, dry cutting) the crack into two pieces, one for x-sect work and the other to open.
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I need some advice in vacuum impregnation of fractures. We plan to prepare cross sections for SEM analysis from partially fractured aluminum samples (that is a sample which has a fine crack going though its center). This analysis will be followed by opening the crack for an analysis of the fracture surface itself. It is important to protect the crack crevice from the attack by the solutions (water, etchants) used to prepare the cross sections.
In our first attempt, we vacuum impregnated the crack with stop-off-lacquer before handling. After opening the crack, fine particles of the lacquer adhered to the rough fracture surface and we were not able to remove these particles without attacking the fracture surface as well.
Are there any waxes out there suitable for this application?
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-- ************************************ Maite Caldes-Rouillon Institut des Matériaux de Nantes 2 rue de la Houssiničre, B.P. 32222 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 http://www.cnrs-imn.fr Tél: +(33) 02 40 37 64 17 Fax +(33) 02 40 37 64 18 ************************************
Since you are doing relative densities, and don't need absolute measures such as total cross-sectional area how about this: do corrosion-casting of the brains--I don't have the references handy, other than Fred Hossler's article in the Sept. '98 Microscopy Today. (Caveat--I'm tech. editor.)
Basically, methacrylate resin is injected into the blood system, then the organ of interest is removed after the resin has polymerized. The brain in your case. Then remove the areas of interest from the brains and digest away the tissue. If you've removed equal sized cubes (etc.) from the different areas/treatments, and if you've completely filled the capillaries, etc., then the different weights of the casts would directly correlate with the relative differences in capillary densities. Volume of the capillaries could be determined by immersion in water--the small amount of displace being the major headache. Alternatively, given the weight and the known density of the resin, volume could be calculated.
The obvious problem is cutting away the resin casts of the capillary beds from the casts of the larger vessels. This is possible, if mind-numbingly delicate work.
Phil
} Suggestions needed! } } I have been asked to compare the relative density of capillary beds in } different regions of cortex (rodent). My current thinking is to use } cardiac perfusion (saline/formaldehyde) followed by perfusion with a dye } (which to use?) then cut either vibrotome or frozen sections. If the dye } does not leak beyond the bed, quantitative image analysis could be used } to determine %difference of dyed vs. undyed cortex. } Has anyone done this type of study? Any comments and/or suggestions are } welcome. } } Thanks, } } Richard Mount } Auditory Science Laboratory } Hospital for Sick Children } Toronto, Ontario CANADA
}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{ Philip Oshel PO Box 620068 Middleton, WI 53562 oshel-at-terracom.net
Our company, ElectroImage, Inc. produces and markets the TEMSCAN System = to digitize TEM negatives. =20
Whenever there is a thread about the various methods to obtain digital = images from a TEM, our TEMSCAN system is generally mentioned by one of = our customers as an alternative. What is not mentioned is what = separates this system from flatbed scanners that have a transparency = adapter. =20
The TEMSCAN System is composed of a MicroLumina digital camera, = high-frequency light box, and copy stand. The result of this system is = a 9MB grayscale file that is 2700 x 3400 pixels. Scan times are less = than a minute for typical density TEM and SEM negatives. If resolution = isn't as important, the scan times can be decreased by scanning with = less resolution. Although many flatbed scanners are able to scan = transparencies, the key element that sets the TEMSCAN system apart is = the lens. With a lens attached to a scanning camera, cropping into the = negative doesn't result in a loss of resolution. For example, if the = area you wanted to scan on the negative was only one-fourth of the whole = image, and both the scanner and the camera were capable of the same = resolution (1000 x 2000 for example), the flatbed scanner would only = give a 500 x 1000 pixel image while the camera can simply focus = closer and still produce the full 1000 x 2000 resolution. Since most = flatbed scanners are much larger than 4 x 5 inches (typically 8 x 10 = or larger) you automatically throw away two thirds or the total = potential resolution of the device. =20
The MicroLumina can also be used for brightfield microscope work = producing a file of 26.1MB.
I would welcome the opportunity to scan in any negatives you wish to = send me. I will return your negatives and give you a CD with your = scanned images and hard copy to show the quality of this system.
Matt Irwin=20
ElectroImage, Inc. 277 Northern Blvd. Suite 101 Great Neck, NY 11021 Phone: 516-773-4305 Fax: 516-773-2955 E-mail: sales-at-electroimage.com Website: http://www.electroimage.com
{!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN"} {HTML} {HEAD}
{META content=3Dtext/html;charset=3Diso-8859-1 = http-equiv=3DContent-Type} {META content=3D'"MSHTML 4.72.3110.7"' name=3DGENERATOR} {/HEAD} {BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} To all concerned: {BR} {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} Our company, ElectroImage, Inc. = produces and=20 markets the TEMSCAN System to digitize TEM negatives. = {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} Whenever there is a thread about the = various=20 methods to obtain digital images from a TEM, our TEMSCAN system is =
generally mentioned by one of our customers as an alternative. = What is not=20 mentioned is what separates this system from flatbed scanners that have = a=20 transparency adapter. {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} The TEMSCAN System is composed of a = MicroLumina=20 digital camera, high-frequency light box, and copy stand. The = result of=20 this system is a 9MB grayscale file that is 2700 x 3400 pixels. = Scan times=20 are less than a minute for typical density TEM and SEM negatives. = If=20 resolution isn't as important, the scan times can be decreased by = scanning with=20 less resolution. Although many flatbed scanners are able to scan=20 transparencies, the key element that sets the TEMSCAN system apart is = the=20 lens. With a lens attached to a scanning camera, cropping into the =
negative doesn't result in a loss of resolution. For example, if = the area=20 you wanted to scan on the negative was only one-fourth of the whole = image, and=20 both the scanner and the camera were capable of the same resolution = (1000 x 2000=20 for example), the flatbed scanner would only give a 500 x 1000 pixel = image while=20 the camera can simply focus closer and still produce = the full=20 1000 x 2000 resolution. Since most flatbed scanners are much = larger=20 than 4 x 5 inches (typically 8 x 10 or larger) = you=20 automatically throw away two thirds or the total potential resolution of = the=20 device. {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} The MicroLumina can also be used for = brightfield=20 microscope work producing a file of 26.1MB. {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} I would welcome the opportunity to = scan in any=20 negatives you wish to send me. I will return your negatives and give you = a CD=20 with your scanned images and hard copy to show the quality of this=20 system. {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} Matt Irwin {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} ElectroImage, Inc. {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} 277 Northern Blvd. {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} Suite 101 {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} Great Neck, NY 11021 {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} Phone: =20 516-773-4305 {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT=20 size=3D2} Fax: = =20 516-773-2955 {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} E-mail: {A =
As most of the answers to my queries on digitization of the TEM were posted to the Microscopy Listserver, you may feel that this summary is not needed. However, due to the large response generated, I feel the topic is worth summarising. Please note that this summary is my own interpretation of the overall views expressed and may not therefore be entirely accurate. Most of the responses received were related to imaging for biologicaI sciences. I have no affiliation with any commercial company. It appears that the side mounted CCD cameras are the most popular mainly due to the very high cost of the larger CCD cameras which are fitted below the screen. These latter cameras also take up valuable knee space but if you have lots of $$$ then it appears that the camera of choice here is a 2K x 2k CCD camera. TV rate cameras or video cameras are really not suitable as the images generated are of poor quality. The general consensus is that the camera of choice in todays market is a 1024 x 1024 CCD camera with a dynamic range of at least 12 bit and a frame rate of 10 or more at full resolution. The cost of such a camera appears to be in the vicinity of US$50K -US$70K. The company 'Gatan' was frequently mentioned as 'good'. Other companys mentioned were 'Soft Imaging System Corp.' and 'Dage'. The company of choice will advise on whether you need any other accessories depending on your needs and I did not receive enough information on this to make a summary. Software for these cameras is generally provided by the camera manufacturer and it is wise to ensure that the software is not a proprietary image format and is compatible with other software in use. Having said all that, I found the overwhelming response from nearly every reply was that the 'old fashioned' negatives were still superior in terms of resolution compared with the digital 'equivalent'. The respondents that were lucky enough to have a CCD camera attached to their TEM generally still relied on film for publication quality prints and used the digital images for 'working' prints. In conclusion, unless you have lots of dollars, the way to go appears to be to scan your TEM negatives using a good quality film scanner and manipulate them with the associated software (Adobe photoshop). These scanned images have the advantage that they can be easily cropped, annotated and assembled into plates and can produce publication quality prints. In addition, negatives are still the most archival, platform independent and cheapest form of data storage.
I hope this summary is of some use,
Cheers
Sarah Ellis
Trescowthick Research Centre Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute Locked Bag #1 A'Beckett Street Melbourne 8006 Victoria Australia
Attention listservers: One of my government customers has decided to part with their ETEC = SEM. They have asked me to find it a good home before it goes out on = surplus. The recipient MUST be associated with the US government. The = instrument is in excellent condition and has been under full service = contract for at least 20(yes, that's TWENTY) years. It is has been = upgraded with the following options:
Computerized mag control with text writer Digital Scan Generator DIGISEM SEM Digital Imaging package Dapple(Noran) PC based EDS Analyzer(KEVEX Be detector needs to be = rebuilt) GW BSE NEW 8 CFM inline roughing pump Fairly new NESLAB water recirculator/chillier
For those of you who are not familiar with the ETEC SEM's, it's standard = features are:
2.5 to 30KV - Tungsten filament Smallish specimen chamber Five axis eucentric specimen stage - Tilts to +45 degrees Twin viewing CRT's 2000 line Photo CRT Fast pump down time - approx. one minute from atmosphere to beam turn on
Remember, you have to be associated with the US gov't to get this = instrument.
Please email me at: gary.easton-at-scannerscorp.com
Gary M. Easton, Pres. Scanners Corporation 1-800-466-SCAN Third Party SEM Service EDS and Digital Imaging upgrades
{!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN"} {HTML} {HEAD}
{META content=3Dtext/html;charset=3Diso-8859-1 = http-equiv=3DContent-Type} {META content=3D'"MSHTML 4.72.3110.7"' name=3DGENERATOR} {/HEAD} {BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} Attention listservers: {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} One of my government = customers has=20 decided to part with their ETEC SEM. They have asked me to find it = a good=20 home before it goes out on surplus. The recipient=20 {STRONG} {EM} {U} MUST {/U} {/EM} {/STRONG} be associated with the US=20 government. The instrument is in excellent condition and has been = under=20 full service contract for at least 20(yes, that's TWENTY) years. = It is has=20 been upgraded with the following options: {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} Computerized mag control with text=20 writer {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} Digital Scan Generator {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} DIGISEM SEM Digital Imaging = package {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} Dapple(Noran) PC based EDS = Analyzer(KEVEX Be=20 detector needs to be rebuilt) {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} GW BSE {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} NEW 8 CFM inline roughing = pump {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} Fairly new NESLAB water=20 recirculator/chillier {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} For those of you who are not familiar with the ETEC = SEM's,=20 it's standard features are: {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} 2.5 to 30KV - Tungsten filament {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} Smallish specimen chamber {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} Five axis eucentric specimen stage - = Tilts to=20 +45 degrees {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} Twin viewing CRT's {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} 2000 line Photo CRT {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} Fast pump down time - approx. one = minute from=20 atmosphere to beam turn on {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} {FONT=20 color=3D#000000} {STRONG} {EM} {U} Remember {/FONT} , you have to be = associated with the=20 US gov't to get this instrument. {/FONT} {/U} {/EM} {/STRONG} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} Please email me at: {A=20 href=3D"mailto:gary.easton-at-scannerscorp.com"} gary.easton-at-scannerscorp.com= {/A} {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} Gary M. Easton, Pres. {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2} {/FONT} {FONT size=3D2} Scanners=20 Corporation {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} 1-800-466-SCAN {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} Third Party SEM Service {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} EDS and Digital Imaging upgrades {/FONT} {/DIV} {DIV} {FONT size=3D2} {/FONT} {/DIV} {/BODY} {/HTML}
Need some help here. We are new to the cryo side of ultramicrotomy. I would be interested in the clinical research applications of cryoultramicrotomy. We wish to do immunocytochemistry on cultured myoblasts and myotubes; all the antibodies that we wish to examine do not withstand fixation, and we are assuming that we need to approach this from a cryo point of view. There have been a couple of reports on their localization using freeze-fracturing (and I know even less about that). Before we start getting info and quotes from manufacturers, I'd like some more information about this and other possible applications. Would someone be able to give me a ball-park figure of how much it would cost to perform cryoultramicrotomy taking into account technical time, and consumables (minus the cost of primary antibody)? Thanks in advance for any advice Ronnie Houston Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children Dallas, TX 75219
Yes no problem. That is of course if the gun was an oil filled type. If it is the older = epoxy type you will have to first get rid of the epoxy and clean it up = before using some other HV epoxy to fill it again. Luc Harmsen=09 Anaspec, South Africa International technical support on microscopy. Tel: +27 (0) 11 476 3455 Fax:+27 (0) 11 476 7290 anaspec-at-icon.co.za
-----Original Message----- } From: "Corvos-at-aol.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com = [SMTP:"Corvos-at-aol.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com] Sent: Tuesday, December 15, 1998 3:18 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
LUC,
Can you confirm again that Santovac 5 is OK to use on the gun... =20
I received an inquiry asking what would be a most suitable stain for student's to perform a quick blood stain to differentiate lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils etc (basically a DNA vs cytoplasm stain). My background is mostly in EM and so I have trouble thinking past Toluidine Blue O, differentiated with acid alcohol. That would do, but I expect there is a better alternative for smears. Jim Darley
ProSciTech Microscopy PLUS PO Box 111, Thuringowa QLD 4817 Australia Phone +61 7 4774 0370 Fax: +61 7 4789 2313 Great microscopy catalogue, 500 Links, MSDS, User Notes ********************** www.proscitech.com.au *****
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Biological SEM users: I got very little response to the message I posted a week ago (see below). It appears that at the present time there is not a great deal of biological data from FEG-SEMs. To help us determine the best instrument to consider for biological data accumulation, I would also like to explore the pros and cons of the FEI/Philips'ESEM with the low vacuum instruments available from other manufacturers. I have the brochures, etc from a number of companies so am not looking for more of the same. I also have looked into the basic design differences and detector differences.
What I would appreciate is comments from users based on their experiences. Why did you choose the instrument you did? What type of information are you getting from your instrument of choice that you could not get from a conventional SEM? Do you also have a cryo unit and x-ray detector and, if so, what are the limitations for their use in low vacuum modes? How many hours per week is your instrument used and what percentage is in the low vacuum mode? Do you have other conventional SEMs or is this your only instrument?
Any other information would be appreciated. If the response is adequate, and off-line, I will try to summerize.
Thanks, Debby Sherman, Manager Phone: 765-494-6666 Microscopy Center in Agriculture FAX: 765-494-5896 Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology E-mail: sherman-at-btny.purdue.edu Purdue University 1057 Whistler Building West Lafayette, IN 47907-1057
----------------------------------------------- Earlier post (12/7/98): I would like to hear from microscopists who have used FEG-SEM's and particularily the semi-in-lens models for biological applications. I would also appreciate info on recent papers where this instrumentation was critical to the biological research reported. Also any recommendations as to ideal samples for testing these microscopes for biological application? Debby
Debby Sherman, Manager Phone: 765-494-6666 Microscopy Center in Agriculture FAX: 765-494-5896 Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology E-mail: sherman-at-btny.purdue.edu Purdue University 1057 Whistler Building West Lafayette, IN 47907-1057
(InterLock SMTP Gateway 3.0 for Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com); Tue, 15 Dec 1998 12:00:27 -0600 Received: by na2.dow.com (Internal Mail Agent-1); Tue, 15 Dec 1998 12:00:27 -0600 Message-Id: {D209047D0257D21191770000F8C991D916BB15-at-mante35a.nam.dow.com}
Could anyone suggest a source for PtSi2 ? (powder { 200 micron is preferred ). I only need a few grams. I thin film (i.e. similar to the NiOx TEM standard) would be ideal. Yes - I did check with Goodfellows and Aesar. They will provide the material as a special order but the minimum order was higher than I needed. thanks, Steve Rozeveld
Steve Rozeveld The Dow Chemical Company Analytical Sciences Laboratory 1897 Bldg., Door E43 Midland, MI 48667 517-636-5167 office 517-638-6443 fax
We have a Kevex Delta V EDS system available for parts. It is available to anyone willing to pay for the shipping.
We have kept the detector, amplifier, and HV power supply but have replaced the computer section with a new Windows-based system.
The system contains a PDP-11/73 processor with 2-4 MB of memory, 1 10 MB bernoulli drive, a 170 MB SCSI hard drive, and an ethernet card with software. It has the full complement of Kevex software including Quantex, Advanced Imaging, and Automated Image Analysis. It has both RT-11 and TSX operating software.
If you or someone you know is interested, contact me via one of the means below.
---------------------------------------------------- Warren E. Straszheim 23 Town Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA, 50011-3232
I have had some success with overlaying oil on a culture chamber in order to prevent evaporation when using a 37=B0 heating plate for open chamber microscopy. So far, I have used only light mineral oil. The problem is that you have to put quite alot of oil on top to cover the surface. I am wondering if anyone has found an oil that spreads better to form a barrier with less volume.
Dr. David Knecht Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Connecticut 75 N. Eagleville Rd. U-125 Storrs, CT 06269 Knecht-at-uconnvm.uconn.edu 860-486-2200 860-486-4331 (fax)
This question would be best asked on Histonet--you'd get lots of quick replies from folks who do blood smears and any other histo work for living. I've included the Histonet listserver information below. Including some who teach histotech and write texts on it.
If you can find a copy of "Staining Procedures" (Biological Stain Commission), there are several stains given. Any histo text ought to have these as well. The usual stains last time I did this were Wright's and Giemsa for thin film. If you receipes, let me know--I can send you these and a few others. Mind, mine are older ones.
Phil
WHO RUNS HISTONET? The list is run by Linda R. Margraf, M.D. and Herb K. Hagler, Ph.D. using hardware and software owned by the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Department of Pathology in Dallas, Texas. If you have any questions or problems with Histonet please contact Linda Margraf at LMargraf-at-childmed.dallas.tx.us.
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} I received an inquiry asking what would be a most suitable } stain } for student's to perform a quick blood stain to } differentiate } lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils etc (basically a DNA } vs cytoplasm } stain). } My background is mostly in EM and so I have trouble } thinking past Toluidine Blue O, differentiated with acid } alcohol. That would do, but I expect there is a better } alternative for smears. } Jim Darley } } ProSciTech Microscopy } PLUS } PO Box 111, Thuringowa QLD 4817 Australia } Phone +61 7 4774 0370 Fax: +61 7 4789 2313 } Great microscopy catalogue, 500 Links, MSDS, User Notes } ********************** www.proscitech.com.au *****
****be famous! send in a tech tip or question*** Philip Oshel Technical Editor, Microscopy Today PO Box 620068 Middleton, WI 53562 (608) 833-2885 oshel-at-terracom.net
Email: gorry2+-at-pitt.edu Name: Michael Gorry School: University of Pittsburgh
Question: Can you recommend any books or journal articles about the basics of fluorescent microscopy photography? I know nothing about cameras and am certain that I could improve the quality of the pictures that I have been taking if I knew more about the camera and exposure times, aperature sizing, etc. It is a Nikon microphot-FXA.
I could find no introductory information from the Nikon people.
Any help would be appreciated.
Thanks
Mike
Michael Gorry E1105 BST University of Pittsburgh Arthritis Institute Pittsburgh, PA 15261
In a message dated 98-12-15 16:38:37 EST, gorry2+-at-pitt.edu writes:
{ { Question: Can you recommend any books or journal articles about the basics of fluorescent microscopy photography? } }
Mike,
There is a small book that was produced by Wild Leitz in Germany, entitled "Fluorescence Microscopy: Principles, Instruments, Applications," written by Eberhard Becker. Tips and tricks of photography are discussed on a couple of pages in the book.
Are you having troubles with overexposed red fluorescence? Depending on the vintage of the scope and the photodetector, there may be problems with reduced sensitivity of the detector in the red end of the spectrum. The result: seriously overexposed and washed-out photos if you set the camera for the correct film speed.
You can compensate for this by multiplying the film speed (ASA) by about 4 or adding about 6 to the DIN number when you take the photographs. This and other topics are addressed in the book.
There is a chance that Leica still has some of these books. Call Leica Customer Service at 1-800-248-0123 to inquire.
Hope this helps!
Cheers,
Bob **************************************** Robert (Bob) Chiovetti, Ph.D. President Microimaging Technologies, Inc. Tucson, Arizona USA Tel. / Fax (520) 546-4986 rchiovetti-at-aol.com Manufacturers' Representatives Systems Integrators Analog & Digital Imaging Systems Research Microscopy Products *****************************************
To Michael Gorry, U of Pitt: re: Fluorescence Photomicrography
Your FXA may have too many "bells and whistles" for you to plow through to understand what's happening with your photography. With our rather simple set up, Nikon Optiphot with Microflex UFX II, I get excellent pictures using Kodak Professional Ektachrome 1600, shot at 1600. Make sure your camera can spot meter, that is to be able to read the brightest part of your field and not average the entire field. This way, you meter the very strongest signal, set that value in the memory of the timer, reposition your slide for the most pleasing shot and then expose. Background should be dark to black...if you have flares or glare, there is probably a diaphram somewhere between the lamphouse and the microscope to stop down (but not to the point of vignetting your picture). Good luck! I have an FXA instruction manual with a photography section if you need a copy. Bob Santoianni Emory University Hospital Atlanta, GA robert_santoianni-at-emory.org
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A great, inexpensive and very readable initial sourse is : Herman, B.(1998) Fluoresence Microscopy.BIOS Scientific Publishers Limited. ISBN: 0-387-91551-6. This is part of the Royal Microscopy Society series published by Springer-Verlag (volume 40). It can be purchased through the publishers. I have often been able to get books from this series through the publication "Microscopy Today". This book gives an extensive list of references about equipment and methods in fluorescence microscopy for standard, confocal and multi-photon microscopy.
Debby Sherman, Manager Phone: 765-494-6666 Microscopy Center in Agriculture FAX: 765-494-5896 Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology E-mail: sherman-at-btny.purdue.edu Purdue University 1057 Whistler Building West Lafayette, IN 47907-1057
--------------------------------------
Email: gorry2+-at-pitt.edu Name: Michael Gorry School: University of Pittsburgh
Question: Can you recommend any books or journal articles about the basics of fluorescent microscopy photography? I know nothing about cameras and am certain that I could improve the quality of the pictures that I have been taking if I knew more about the camera and exposure times, aperature sizing, etc. It is a Nikon microphot-FXA.
I could find no introductory information from the Nikon people.
Any help would be appreciated.
Thanks
Mike
Michael Gorry E1105 BST University of Pittsburgh Arthritis Institute Pittsburgh, PA 15261
RECEIVED: from SF_Database by POP_Mailbox_-1298363885 ; 15 DEC 98 21:50:11 UT Received: from SPARC5.MICROSCOPY.COM by mailcenter.btny.purdue.edu with SMTP (QuickMail Pro Server for MacOS 1.0.3); 15 DEC 98 21:50:02 UT Received: (from daemon-at-localhost) by Sparc5.Microscopy.Com (8.6.11/8.6.11) id PAA01759 for dist-Microscopy; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 15:08:29 -0600 Received: from no_more_spam.com (Sparc5 [206.69.208.10]) by Sparc5.Microscopy.Com (8.6.11/8.6.11) with SMTP id PAA01756 for "MicroscopyFilteredEmail-at-msa.microscopy.com"; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 15:07:58 -0600 Received: from [206.69.208.21] (mac21.zaluzec.com [206.69.208.21]) by Sparc5.Microscopy.Com (8.6.11/8.6.11) with ESMTP id PAA01749 for {Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com} ; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 15:07:45 -0600 X-Sender: zaluzec-at-microscopy.com Message-Id: {v03007803b29c82bcad0e-at-[206.69.208.21]} Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Tue, 15 Dec 1998 15:19:19 -0600 To: Microscopy-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com From: gorry2+-at-pitt.edu () (by way of Nestor J. Zaluzec) Subject: Help on basics of fluorescent microscopy Errors-to: Microscopy-request-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
First of all, thanks a lot for all the answers to my message regarding problems while coating soft cheese samples. I talked to the interested persons about your suggestions, those who also prepare the sample, I do the coating. Indeed, it seems the problem is the temperature raise while coating (a big evaporator adappted for sputtering). On the other hand the sample needs another treatment for drying. Thanks again for spending part of your time writing back to the net!
NEW QUESTION:
This time my question is related to large differences on measuring the width of fibers seen from the surface of different kinds of papers. We have taken micrographs with the SEM of a grid for calibrating at 300X, the error in the calibration was found about 30% (before any calibration correction). At the same time we took micrographs for the different samples at the same magnification, under identical instrument conditions.
On the other hand, the same samples (before and after Au coating) were observed under an optical microscope which was just calibrated. The width of the same fibers showed to be 4 times longer than with the SEM!!!!! Widths in the range of 10 - 20 microns on the SEM measure between 30-80 microns on the OM.
Did any of you happen to have such an uncertainty on measurements? I would trust the OM, but I have no arguments for saying that the SEM is wrong.
I would very much appreciate any comments
Many thanks in advance again.
Silvia Montoro Centro Regional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Guemes 3450 3000 Santa Fe Argentina csedax-at-arcride.edu.ar
Dear all, has anybody experience cutting silicified chromatographic plates for TEM ultrastructure studies? We are afraid of destroying our diamond knife, is this a serious fear or does it not matter? The silicified graines are 50-60µm laying on a polyethylen sheet. Thanks, Bw
Bernward Laube University of Bielefeld Faculty of Biology Department Plant Morphology and Cell Ultrastructure Universit„tsstrasse 25 Germany 33615 Bielefeld phone: 0521 1065592 fax: 0521 1066039 e-mail: b.laube-at-biologie.uni-bielefeld.de http://www.uni-bielefeld.de/biologie/Pflanzenmorphologie/abt.1htm#ws
Dear all, has anybody experience or works with in situ hybridization techniques and DNA/RNA negative staining for TEM examinations? Thanks for help , Bw Bernward Laube University of Bielefeld Faculty of Biology Department Plant Morphology and Cell Ultrastructure Universit„tsstrasse 25 Germany 33615 Bielefeld phone: 0521 1065592 fax: 0521 1066039 e-mail: b.laube-at-biologie.uni-bielefeld.de http://www.uni-bielefeld.de/biologie/Pflanzenmorphologie/abt.1htm#ws
I wish to let you know that due to reasons of the technical and organisational nature it has been decided to shift the Conference Color 1999 to the year 2000 and hold it under the heading of Color 2000. I hope that this "Royal Year" will prove to be more opportune for us - the organizers, and for you - the participants. It will enable us to better prepare this event, while you will have more time to prepare your interesting papers. Due to the above, all the dates stated previously will be shifted by approximately one year, too. Soon we are going to send more detailed agenda.
Wishing you Happy Christmas and Prosperous New Year 1999
I remain
Krzysztof Jan Huebner
{hubner-at-IOd.krakow.pl} :-)
FOUNDRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Research Materials Department Manager of Structural and Physical Research Laboratory str. Zakopianska 73 Call (*48 12) 2665022 ext.356 30-418 KRAKOW - POLAND Fax (+48 12) 2660870
The decision on which microscope to purchase depends on what type of work and samples your lab will be handling. If you will be doing a lot of high resolution work on fixed samples a FEG is great. We have a field emission Hitachi SEM, an S4000. For low voltage work on biological samples it makes fantastic images, but they need to be fixed, dried and coated. They have exquisite detail, but if your sample cannot withstand the preparation or your client is unwilling to pay for all the preparation, the results will be disappointing. I do not have much experience with ESEMs, but from what I have seen, I am not very impressed. They are the ultimate in ease for looking at unfixed, wet samples, but the images from the ones I have seen have looked pretty blah (a technical term). I think this is not just a function of the image formation system in the scope, but of what you are actually seeing, water. With all of the water present in a liquid form, it flows and covers up the surface detail. I think that the combination of a FEG with cryostage would be excellent compromise. It would allow looking at unfixed samples, with everything in place without the time and expense of the preparation, with all of the advantages of the FEG. It would also keep the water were it was at the time of freezing. With sublimation, excess water can be removed, thus exposing surface structures which may have been covered. If you plan on looking at pollen and spore distributions, a cryostage can make all the difference. Bill
William McManus Supervisor Electron Microscopy Facility Department of Biology Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5305
billEMac-at-cc.usu.edu 435-797-1920
-----Original Message----- } From: Debby Sherman [mailto:sherman-at-btny.purdue.edu] Sent: Tuesday, December 15, 1998 6:41 AM To: message to: MSA list
Biological SEM users: I got very little response to the message I posted a week ago (see below). It appears that at the present time there is not a great deal of biological data from FEG-SEMs. To help us determine the best instrument to consider for biological data accumulation, I would also like to explore the pros and cons of the FEI/Philips'ESEM with the low vacuum instruments available from other manufacturers. I have the brochures, etc from a number of companies so am not looking for more of the same. I also have looked into the basic design differences and detector differences.
What I would appreciate is comments from users based on their experiences. Why did you choose the instrument you did? What type of information are you getting from your instrument of choice that you could not get from a conventional SEM? Do you also have a cryo unit and x-ray detector and, if so, what are the limitations for their use in low vacuum modes? How many hours per week is your instrument used and what percentage is in the low vacuum mode? Do you have other conventional SEMs or is this your only instrument?
Any other information would be appreciated. If the response is adequate, and off-line, I will try to summerize.
Thanks, Debby Sherman, Manager Phone: 765-494-6666 Microscopy Center in Agriculture FAX: 765-494-5896 Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology E-mail: sherman-at-btny.purdue.edu Purdue University 1057 Whistler Building West Lafayette, IN 47907-1057
----------------------------------------------- Earlier post (12/7/98): I would like to hear from microscopists who have used FEG-SEM's and particularily the semi-in-lens models for biological applications. I would also appreciate info on recent papers where this instrumentation was critical to the biological research reported. Also any recommendations as to ideal samples for testing these microscopes for biological application? Debby
Debby Sherman, Manager Phone: 765-494-6666 Microscopy Center in Agriculture FAX: 765-494-5896 Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology E-mail: sherman-at-btny.purdue.edu Purdue University 1057 Whistler Building West Lafayette, IN 47907-1057
I'm looking for some parts for the epifluorescence system of an Olympus BH2 with the old-style cylinder for holding the filters. Institutional policy requires that we have no equipment less than a century old so Olympus no longer stocks these items. They include:
the little cylinder that looks like part of a submarine periscope, with the filters mounted in a horizontal configuration. I need a spare because my colleagues need the current filters in it (for blue and green excitation), and I would like to do some DAPI. The only number on the cylinder was H92103.
the little "bubble-wand" looking device which is mounted with the filters in a vertical position that slides between two positions for blue and green. Again, I'd like a spare to place my DAPI related filters in.
If anybody has a set of these that they would like to give away, sell, barter, etc. or they know where I might find these, please contact me.
Happy Holidays!
Laura
************************************************************ Yes, it's true. The inmates ARE running the asylum... ************************************************************ Laura Rhoads Electron Microscopy Facility Director Department of Biology Western Kentucky University 1 Big Red Way Bowling Green, KY 42101-3576
Interesting your findings but not a shock to me! SEM calibrations, particularly at low magnification may be at least 25% out. When did you last have the microscope serviced by an experienced technician?
Remember that light and electron imaging reactions do differ. I am not a= n expert on light but I believe I understand what happens with electrons. = I would consider the LM magnifications to be more accurate but read on for why the SEM has problems.
A conventional SEM image at less than 1,000X contains a great deal of BSE=
which either go straight into the Everhart-Thornley detector or are converted to SE by bouncing off components in the chamber. Remember this means sub surface information.
Electron images will have been produced from a volume of material that differs from that of the LM due to penetration through and into the material. You talk of fibres, one assumes they are hairy and that the L= M sees the hairs whilst the SEM does not? If you use the SEM at } 10kV you will certainly have a considerable amount of penetration through the hair= s and as a result you just will not see them. If you or a helper has the skill try 5 or even 2kV when you will see the hairs.
In the SEM business one becomes familiar with seeing things in light that=
do not show up with electrons and of course the reverse, its just part of=
the fun of this super subject.
Good luck
Steve Chapman
Senior Consultant E.M. Protrain, 16 Hedgerley, Chinnor, Oxford OX9 4TN, England. Tel & Fax 44 (0)1844 353161 Web Site - http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/protrain For Consultancy and Courses in Electron Microscopy World Wide
} From: "B.Laube-at-biologie.uni-bielefeld.de"-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com Organization: Fak. Biologie, Uni Bielefeld To: Microscopy-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com Date sent: Wed, 16 Dec 1998 15:10:43 GMT+0100
Dear all, has anybody experience cutting silicified chromatographic plates for TEM ultrastructure studies? We are afraid of destroying our diamond knife, is this a serious fear or does it not matter? The silicified graines are 50-60=B5m laying on a polyethylen sheet. Thanks, Bw
Bernward Laube University of Bielefeld Faculty of Biology Department Plant Morphology and Cell Ultrastructure Universit=84tsstrasse 25 Germany 33615 Bielefeld phone: 0521 1065592 fax: 0521 1066039 e-mail: b.laube-at-biologie.uni-bielefeld.de http://www.uni-bielefeld.de/biologie/Pflanzenmorphologie/abt.1htm#ws
sectioning of any matter is gonna harm a diamond knife with time... the major problem in this case seems to be that some grains will be pulled out of the matrix or away from the substrate, which will a: locally strain the blade normal to the sectioning direction (weak point of every diamond knife) and b: lead to mostly useless sections. I would try to somehow fix the grains (e.g. with a hard embedding material on top) and preferably use an outer edge of a 45 degrees knife at=
fast speed. Alexander Du Chesne, M.S., Ph.D. Max-Planck-Institut f=FCr Polymerforschung PF 3148, 55021 Mainz Tel. 0049 6131 379 195 Fax 0049 6131 379 100 E-mail: duchesne-at-mpip-mainz.mpg.de
1) Why must you make a choice between these different instruments? The FEGESEM allows imaging in either ESEM mode or hivac - user choice. ESEM has come a long way since its beginnings and is worthy of full investigation. There is no need to have surface water present when imaging in ESEM mode. Control of the specimen chamber environment allows an experienced user to remove surface water without dehydrating the sample.
2)The other factor which has not been mentioned when trying to relate OM to SEM is the effect of vacuum on the sample. There has been some nice work on textile fibres by David Taylor in Leeds using SEM and ESEM on the same fibres showing what must be high vacuum effect.
Chris
Chris Gilpin Experimental Officer Biological Sciences EM Unit G452 Stopford Building Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT phone +44 0161 275 5170 Fax +44 0161 275 5171 Chris Gilpin http://www.empgu.man.ac.uk
Debby;
The decision on which microscope to purchase depends on what type of work and samples your lab will be handling. If you will be doing a lot of high resolution work on fixed samples a FEG is great. We have a field emission Hitachi SEM, an S4000. For low voltage work on biological samples it makes fantastic images, but they need to be fixed, dried and coated. They have exquisite detail, but if your sample cannot withstand the preparation or your client is unwilling to pay for all the preparation, the results will be disappointing. I do not have much experience with ESEMs, but from what I have seen, I am not very impressed. They are the ultimate in ease for looking at unfixed, wet samples, but the images from the ones I have seen have looked pretty blah (a technical term). I think this is not just a function of the image formation system in the scope, but of what you are actually seeing, water. With all of the water present in a liquid form, it flows and covers up the surface detail. I think that the combination of a FEG with cryostage would be excellent compromise. It would allow looking at unfixed samples, with everything in place without the time and expense of the preparation, with all of the advantages of the FEG. It would also keep the water were it was at the time of freezing. With sublimation, excess water can be removed, thus exposing surface structures which may have been covered. If you plan on looking at pollen and spore distributions, a cryostage can make all the difference. Bill
William McManus Supervisor Electron Microscopy Facility Department of Biology Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5305
billEMac-at-cc.usu.edu 435-797-1920
-----Original Message----- } From: Debby Sherman [mailto:sherman-at-btny.purdue.edu] Sent: Tuesday, December 15, 1998 6:41 AM To: message to: MSA list
Biological SEM users: I got very little response to the message I posted a week ago (see below). It appears that at the present time there is not a great deal of biological data from FEG-SEMs. To help us determine the best instrument to consider for biological data accumulation, I would also like to explore the pros and cons of the FEI/Philips'ESEM with the low vacuum instruments available from other manufacturers. I have the brochures, etc from a number of companies so am not looking for more of the same. I also have looked into the basic design differences and detector differences.
What I would appreciate is comments from users based on their experiences. Why did you choose the instrument you did? What type of information are you getting from your instrument of choice that you could not get from a conventional SEM? Do you also have a cryo unit and x-ray detector and, if so, what are the limitations for their use in low vacuum modes? How many hours per week is your instrument used and what percentage is in the low vacuum mode? Do you have other conventional SEMs or is this your only instrument?
Any other information would be appreciated. If the response is adequate, and off-line, I will try to summerize.
Thanks, Debby Sherman, Manager Phone: 765-494-6666 Microscopy Center in Agriculture FAX: 765-494-5896 Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology E-mail: sherman-at-btny.purdue.edu Purdue University 1057 Whistler Building West Lafayette, IN 47907-1057
----------------------------------------------- Earlier post (12/7/98): I would like to hear from microscopists who have used FEG-SEM's and particularily the semi-in-lens models for biological applications. I would also appreciate info on recent papers where this instrumentation was critical to the biological research reported. Also any recommendations as to ideal samples for testing these microscopes for biological application? Debby
Debby Sherman, Manager Phone: 765-494-6666 Microscopy Center in Agriculture FAX: 765-494-5896 Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology E-mail: sherman-at-btny.purdue.edu Purdue University 1057 Whistler Building West Lafayette, IN 47907-1057
Thanks all, for the reply. Looks like I may have to take matters into my own hands unless "the company" soon up-grades the ccMail v 0.001 :) we are using.
id {Y5R69H3S} ; Thu, 17 Dec 1998 09:15:54 -0600 Message-ID: {7EDF3EF1CA87D211AC160000C0A90FE5115B61-at-engem0.eng.uab.edu} To: Microscopy-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com samples!)
Also - when you calibrate and make measurements on the SEM (and TEM) you need to make sure that you are at the eucentric position. Measurement values will change substantially at other heights.
Robin
-----Original Message----- } From: Steve Chapman [mailto:PROTRAIN-at-CompuServe.COM] Sent: Thursday, December 17, 1998 2:14 AM To: INTERNET:"csedax-at-alpha.arcride.edu.ar"-at-sparc5.microscopy.com; American Soc List
Hi,
Interesting your findings but not a shock to me! SEM calibrations, particularly at low magnification may be at least 25% out. When did you last have the microscope serviced by an experienced technician?
Remember that light and electron imaging reactions do differ. I am not an expert on light but I believe I understand what happens with electrons. I would consider the LM magnifications to be more accurate but read on for why the SEM has problems.
A conventional SEM image at less than 1,000X contains a great deal of BSE which either go straight into the Everhart-Thornley detector or are converted to SE by bouncing off components in the chamber. Remember this means sub surface information.
Electron images will have been produced from a volume of material that differs from that of the LM due to penetration through and into the material. You talk of fibres, one assumes they are hairy and that the LM sees the hairs whilst the SEM does not? If you use the SEM at } 10kV you will certainly have a considerable amount of penetration through the hairs and as a result you just will not see them. If you or a helper has the skill try 5 or even 2kV when you will see the hairs.
In the SEM business one becomes familiar with seeing things in light that do not show up with electrons and of course the reverse, its just part of the fun of this super subject.
Good luck
Steve Chapman
Senior Consultant E.M. Protrain, 16 Hedgerley, Chinnor, Oxford OX9 4TN, England. Tel & Fax 44 (0)1844 353161 Web Site - http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/protrain For Consultancy and Courses in Electron Microscopy World Wide
Dear Woody, We must have a better environment than you; our field was green :-). We too have received several textually-challenged messages. Yours, Bill Tivol
Recently there was a posting inquiring about a source/vendor for a non-magnetic operators chair for EM's. We would be interested in locating a vendor for this type of product.
Bob Roberts Arizona State University Center for Solid State Science Tempe, Arizona 85287
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Bob, One positive response to the posting is from Lund.
Mike, We are using the IKEA chair Procent. It works well with the GIF 100. Jan-Olov Bovin
-Mike O'Keefe
Bob Roberts wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Recently there was a posting inquiring about a source/vendor for a } non-magnetic operators chair for EM's. We would be interested in locating a } vendor for this type of product. } } Bob Roberts } Arizona State University } Center for Solid State Science } Tempe, Arizona 85287
--------------9336CF1E225BC7D15F9DF850 Content-Type: text/x-vcard; charset=us-ascii; name="vcard.vcf" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Description: Card for O'Keefe, Michael Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="vcard.vcf"
begin: vcard fn: Michael O'Keefe n: O'Keefe;Michael org: {center} {img src=http://mercproj.lbl.gov/logo.gif} {br} {b} {big} National Center for Electron Microscopy {/big} {/b} {/center} email;internet: maokeefe-at-lbl.gov title: Deputy Head x-mozilla-cpt: ;0 x-mozilla-html: TRUE version: 2.1 end: vcard
} Recently there was a posting inquiring about a source/vendor for a } non-magnetic operators chair for EM's. We would be interested in locating a } vendor for this type of product.
This is an issue that many labs are facing, including my own. If there is a commercially available solution (especially in Australia) please let us all know via this listserver.
If not then we are considering doing as an Australian colleague has, i.e. buy a suitably ergonomic chair(s) and have our workshop replace magnetic components with brass. Not a cheap solution but justifiable considering our investment in a GIF.
Cheers,
Mark Blackford TEM Group Materials Division, ANSTO PMB 1, Menai, N.S.W. Australia 2234
Phone 61 2 9717 3027 Fax 61 2 9543 7179
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this E-mail message do not necessarily represent the official views of ANSTO from which this message was conveyed.
} ---------- } From: Rozeveld, Steve (SJ) } Sent: Tuesday, December 15, 1998 1:00 PM } To: 'Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com' } Subject: PtSi2 TEM standard } } } } Could anyone suggest a source for PtSi2 ? (powder { 200 micron is OK } ). I only need a few grams. } I thin film (i.e. similar to the NiOx TEM standard) would be ideal. } Yes - I did check with Goodfellows and Aesar. They will } provide the material as a special order but the minimum order was } higher than I needed. } thanks, Steve Rozeveld } } Steve Rozeveld } The Dow Chemical Company } Analytical Sciences Laboratory } 1897 Bldg., Door E43 } Midland, MI 48667 } 517-636-5167 office } 517-638-6443 fax } }
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Mark, Jan-Olov Bovin from Lund writes:
We are using the IKEA chair Procent. It works well with the GIF 100.
I checked on the www and found that this chair seems to use no metal in its construction. I find it is described as: PROCENT swivel chair. Adjustable backrest angle and seat depth. Compression moulded base for improved comfort. Star base and frame of reinforced fiberglass polypropylene foam. Lanna 100% wool in black, blue, dark blue, dark green, dark red, grey or yellow. at: http://www.ikea-usa.com/content/products/prods/PROCENT_CHAIR.asp
On the other hand, I have not tested it, nor even seen one. -Mike
Mark Blackford wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } Bob Roberts wrote recently: } } } Recently there was a posting inquiring about a source/vendor for a } } non-magnetic operators chair for EM's. We would be interested in locating a } } vendor for this type of product. } } This is an issue that many labs are facing, including my own. If there is } a commercially available solution (especially in Australia) please let us } all know via this listserver. } } If not then we are considering doing as an Australian colleague has, i.e. } buy a suitably ergonomic chair(s) and have our workshop replace magnetic } components with brass. Not a cheap solution but justifiable considering } our investment in a GIF. } } Cheers, } } Mark Blackford } TEM Group } Materials Division, ANSTO } PMB 1, } Menai, N.S.W. } Australia } 2234 } } Phone 61 2 9717 3027 } Fax 61 2 9543 7179 } } Disclaimer: } The views expressed in this E-mail message do not necessarily represent the } official views of ANSTO from which this message was conveyed.
--------------CFE8ABC3BAEDCEA362E887B1 Content-Type: text/x-vcard; charset=us-ascii; name="vcard.vcf" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Description: Card for O'Keefe, Michael Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="vcard.vcf"
begin: vcard fn: Michael O'Keefe n: O'Keefe;Michael org: {center} {img src=http://mercproj.lbl.gov/logo.gif} {br} {b} {big} National Center for Electron Microscopy {/big} {/b} {/center} email;internet: maokeefe-at-lbl.gov title: Deputy Head x-mozilla-cpt: ;0 x-mozilla-html: TRUE version: 2.1 end: vcard
We currently have a Hitachi S570 with a LaB6 filament, however, my management would like to see us get into semiconductor work. For this we would need an FESEM. The questions was asked as to whether or not a standard SEM could be retrofit as with the FE source. My best guess would be "no", but perhaps someone out there has done this - or would know for sure it can't be done. Any information would be welcome (and yes, it would be nice to by a whole new instrument, but.....)
Janet Rice MCC Senior Member Technical Staff rice-at-mcc.com 512-338-3266
We have found two books very helpful, one by Kodak and one by Polaroid.
The one by Kodak is called "Photography Through the Microscope" and is by John Delly. It should be available through most camera stores. We have a few extras here, available for sale, if you can't find it locally.
The other is "Instant Photomicrography Through the Microscope" and should be available through the Polaroid Tech Support hotline (I'm sorry - no contact info - call 1-800-555-1212 for info; they are in Cambridge, MA).
} ... } } } } We currently have a Hitachi S570 with a LaB6 filament, however, my } management would like to see us get into semiconductor work. } For this we would need an FESEM. } The questions was asked as to whether or not a } standard SEM could be retrofit as with the FE source. ...
The answer wouldn't be absolutely not ... after all, FE guns are adapted to similar electron columns. I can think of 3 issues which make the conversion quite expensive (... maybe other can include others ...)
(1) although your LaB6 gun is ion pumped, FE will demand a better ion pump and possibly more efficent 1st stage pumping.
(2) FE guns are said, maybe debatably, to be inherently unstable .. regardless, FE instability is generally compensated for brightness/contrast by an additional beam regulation component.
(3) The resulting increased resolution (... presumably this is why you want FE ...) demands mu-metal electro-magnetic shielding.
... hope this helps :o)
cheerios, shAf
{} /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ cogito, ergo zZOooOM /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ {\/} /\ {} Michael Shaffer, R.A. - ICQ 210524 Geological Science's Electron Probe Facility - University of Oregon mshaf-at-darkwing.uoregon.edu - http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~mshaf/
I'd like to connect with someone who has tried, successfully (or not), connecting 4pi's SEII card to a Link eXL XP2 pulse processor (PC1934). Please contact me off line at the address below. TIA.
Owen
============================= Owen P. Mills Michigan Technological University Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Rm 512 MME Building Houghton, MI 49931 906-487-2002 906-487-2934 FAX opmills-at-mtu.edu
Cryo TEM Service Work. I need a lab that is doing outside contract cryo TEM or cryo TEM replica work. I have some samples th= at I need prepared and photographed.
Contact: Joanne M. Crudele Unilever HPC USA Joanne.Crudele-at-Unilever.com or 847-734-3712 =
A simple Pappenheim-stain (May-Grunwald/Giemsa) is probably the simplest way to make a "quick blood stain to differentiate...".
This stain is easy to perform, fast (about 10 - 15 min) and gives very good differentiation of all blood-components!
Protocols can be found in any textbook on basic histological technique. If you can't find them, let me know...
Yvan Lindekens. ---------- } Van: Jim J Darley {jim-at-proscitech.com.au} } Aan: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com {Microscopy-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com} } Onderwerp: blood stain; DNA vs cytoplasm } Datum: dinsdag 15 december 1998 11:17 } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } ----------------------- } I received an inquiry asking what would be a most suitable } stain } for student's to perform a quick blood stain to } differentiate } lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils etc (basically a DNA } vs cytoplasm } stain).
In addition to RCHIOVETTI-at-aol.com message: another interesting brochure on fluorescent microscopy was made by Reichert in Vienna (now also Leica):
"Fluorescence microscopy with fluorochromes - recipes and tables"
A good chapter on fluorescent microscopy photography can be found in:
C. Van Duyn Jr: "Mikrofotografie", Focus Elsevier, The Netherlands (no ISBN). This is in Dutch.
Some intresting notes on the subject can also be found in:
Goke, G: "Modene Methoden der Licht-mikroskopie", Kosmos Wissensschaft, Franckh, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN: 3-440-05765-8. This is in German.
Hope this helps...
Yvan Lindekens.
---------- } Van: RCHIOVETTI-at-aol.com-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com } Aan: gorry2+-at-pitt.edu; Microscopy-at-Sparc5.Microscopy.Com } Onderwerp: Re: Help on basics of fluorescent microscopy } Datum: woensdag 16 december 1998 5:25 } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } In a message dated 98-12-15 16:38:37 EST, gorry2+-at-pitt.edu writes: } } { { Question: Can you recommend any books or journal articles about the basics } of fluorescent microscopy photography? } } } } Mike, } } There is a small book that was produced by Wild Leitz in Germany, entitled...
Hi, all We're looking for an LWD 40x phase objective and some filter cubes to go with a used Nikon Diaphot with epi-fluorescence. If you have one or more of these items, please contact me at the e-mail address below; please do not reply to the list.
The subject line says nearly all of it. We're looking for a 40x long-working distance phase objective with correction collar for a Nikon diaphot: Any one of the following three objectives will do: } CF Achromat LWD DL 40x C (78816) } CF N Plan Achromat ELWD DM 40xC (85053) } CF Fluor LWD DM 40x C (85008)
We are also looking for blue, green and UV cubes for an epifluorescence illuminator; standard Nikon will do, as these are going in an Opti-Quip slider
TIA Julian Smith III Biology Winthrop University Rock Hill SC 803-323-2246 (fax) 803-323-2111 x6427 (vox) smithj-at-winthrop.edu
Julian P.S. Smith III Biology Winthrop University Rock Hill, SC 29733 803-323-2111 x6427 (vox) 803-323-2246 (fax)
-----Original Message----- } From: Doug Danielson [mailto:wddanie-at-ibm.net] Sent: Saturday, December 19, 1998 1:48 PM To: Microscopy-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com
Hi Mark, I must be getting real old as I remember my gransfather used to make chairs out of plant material. Large plants I believe. They wood cut the larger stems into structural members and glue the parts together into many different shapes. I sure these were not as functional or beautiful as the bent steel and plastic used today. Maybe you could find one of these antiques for your purpose. Russ
-----Original Message----- } From: Mark Blackford [mailto:mgb-at-ansto.gov.au] Sent: Friday, December 18, 1998 10:15 AM To: Microscopy-at-sparc5.microscopy.com
Bob Roberts wrote recently:
} Recently there was a posting inquiring about a source/vendor for a } non-magnetic operators chair for EM's. We would be interested in locating a } vendor for this type of product.
This is an issue that many labs are facing, including my own. If there is a commercially available solution (especially in Australia) please let us all know via this listserver.
If not then we are considering doing as an Australian colleague has, i.e. buy a suitably ergonomic chair(s) and have our workshop replace magnetic components with brass. Not a cheap solution but justifiable considering our investment in a GIF.
Cheers,
Mark Blackford TEM Group Materials Division, ANSTO PMB 1, Menai, N.S.W. Australia 2234
Phone 61 2 9717 3027 Fax 61 2 9543 7179
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this E-mail message do not necessarily represent the official views of ANSTO from which this message was conveyed.
} From January 1999 there will be a 3 year post-doc position available in the electron microscopy group (Department of Physical Chemistry) at the University of Mainz, Germany. At present the group has 2 electron microscopes and a well-equipped specimen preparation laboratory. In the summer of 1999 a new 300 kV Philips Tecnai 30 Electron Microscope with FEG and GIF will be installed. Applications from physicists and chemists with Ph.D experience in electron microscopy and a sound background in electron energy loss spectroscopy are welcome.
Please send applications to
Dr. I.G. Voigt-Martin Inst. f. Physikalische Chemie Jacob Welder Weg 11 55099 Mainz
Hello, I have one Sorvall MT 5000 ultramicrotome that is in operating condition, and a Durst Laborator (185) enlarger with all the lens' still operational, for sale. If ineterested, E-mail or call with an offer.
The Matic-Mot2 camera controller for my Leco 300 has died - it gives a "Camera?" message and doesn't function. Anybody out there have this happen? Any known source to have it fixed? The Leco folks say that parts are very rare and the cost to fix would be $2-4K (USD).
If anyone has a spare Matic-Mot2 camera controller or knows of a fix, let me know.
I decided to hang a Polaroid DMC on the microscope, but would still like to have the capability to take 4X5 Polaroids.
Happy Holidays,
Barry Ritchey mbritch-at-sandia.gov Sandia Nat'l Labs - NM
While we don't have a used polishing wheel, we do offer an inexpensive 8"=
wet polishing wheel (Model 900) which is less than $1,000. For informati= on you can see our web site at www.southbaytech.com or give me a call at 800-728-2233.
} } } } } Please visit us at http://www.southbaytech.com { { { { {
Manufacturers of precision sample preparation equipment and supplies for metallography, crystallography and electron microscopy.
Message text written by INTERNET:"DChernoff-at-aol.com"-at-sparc5.microscopy.co= m } ------------------------------------------------------------------------=
The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America =
I'm looking for a used, inexpensive wet polishing wheel. Contact Don Chernoff, (703) 849-1492, dchernoff-at-aol.com
A while back someone asked about automatic tissue processers. I don't recall seeing much responce. I have been asked to investigate pros and cons for our pathology dept. TEM lab. I have literature on RMC and Leica. We looked at one ten years ago and our only concern at that time was possible drying artifact from tissue being lifted out of the propylene oxide, and that there were not many people using them. Thanks for any help.
Rick Vaughn Univ. Nebr. Med. Ctr. RLVAUGHN-at-MAIL.UNMC.EDU
Wam wszystkim z ktorymi wspolpracuje z okazji Swiat Bozego Narodzenia i Nowego Roku 1999 skladam zycenia Duzo Zdrowia i Wszystkiego Najlepszego dla Was i Waszych Najblizszych.
Niech kazdemu spelni sie przynajmniej jedno z tych cichych marzen ktore, gdy wieczorem zasiada sie w fotelu to wraca - a gdy tak ....
Wszystkiego Najlepszego
Krzysztof Jan Huebner
{hubner-at-IOd.krakow.pl} :-)
FOUNDRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Research Materials Department Manager of Structural and Physical Research Laboratory str. Zakopianska 73 Call (*48 12) 2665022 ext.356 30-418 KRAKOW - POLAND Fax (+48 12) 2660870
I am going to work with TEM JEM-2010X, but to start is hard for me because of manuals, that are written in Japanese. I need to make a chemical composition analysis of about 3x3 micron area on semiconductor surface. And the only installation for such an analysis with appropriate spatial resolution is JEM-2010X. To simplify the procedure I'd like to avoid the common routine of sample preparations for TEM. But for that I need to know if the mentioned installation has such an option to observe the surface in non-transmission way.
Any suggestions on where to get the manual in English (printed, or in any file format) would be highly appreciated.
Dmitri.
__________________________________________ Dmitri V. Sokolov Doctor Course student Research Center for Interface Quantum Electronics, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kitaku, Sapporo 060, Hokkaido, Japan
Phone 81-11-706-7174 Fax 81-11-716-6004 Home phone 81-11-261-2185
If you have any wishes I wishe you to have them made true !!!
Krzysztof Jan Huebner
{hubner-at-IOd.krakow.pl} :-)
FOUNDRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Research Materials Department Manager of Structural and Physical Research Laboratory str. Zakopianska 73 Call (*48 12) 2665022 ext.356 30-418 KRAKOW - POLAND Fax (+48 12) 2660870
On Wed, 23 Dec 1998 VANDERHAEGHEN_JACQUES/CENTER_RD-at-bekaert.com wrote:
} Please if you send a e-mail do it in Englisch. } But, I want to send you the best wisches for Christmas and a very happy } new year. } } Jacques Vander Haeghen } Belgium } ---------- } } Kochani, } } } Wam wszystkim z ktorymi wspolpracuje z okazji Swiat Bozego Narodzenia i } Nowego Roku 1999 skladam zycenia Duzo Zdrowia i Wszystkiego } Najlepszego dla Was i Waszych Najblizszych. } } Niech kazdemu spelni sie przynajmniej jedno z tych cichych marzen ktore, } gdy wieczorem zasiada sie w fotelu to wraca - a gdy tak .... } } Wszystkiego Najlepszego } } } Krzysztof Jan Huebner } } {hubner-at-IOd.krakow.pl} :-) } } FOUNDRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE } Research Materials Department } Manager of Structural and Physical Research Laboratory } str. Zakopianska 73 Call (*48 12) 2665022 ext.356 } 30-418 KRAKOW - POLAND Fax (+48 12) 2660870 } } }
I have been using a RMC processor for 3 - 4 years now. It is used on a = daily basis, yes a few problems and yes a few lost specimens. If = possible do not process all of biospy received. I like to RMC because of = the individual caps to reagents. Have not had any problems do to = evaporation of solvents. =20
Best of Luck,
=20
Ed Calomeni Dept. Pathology Medical College of Ohio 3000 Arlington Avenue Toledo, Ohio 43614
Just to start the New Year off on an up beat: I would like to announce:
The Fourth International Short Course on 3D Microscopy of Living Cells June 16 - 27, 1999
and
The Post-course Workshop on 3D Image Processing June 29- July 1, 1999
in association with the BioSciences Microscopy Facility and Department of Computer Science
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Organized by Prof. James Pawley: University of Wisconsin-Madison
We expect to have at least 11, 3D microscope workstations, including several using multi-photon excitation, for student use and there will be an international faculty of 14. The schedule is basically lecture/demonstration in the mornings, labs in the afternoons and personal, live cell projects at night. Many contributors to this list are "alumnae."
APPLICATIONS Applicants will complete a questionnaire to assess knowledge level, field of interest and proposed personal, live-cell, project. Enrollment will be limited to about 24 participants. Selection will be made on the basis of background and perceived need. Those without previous LM experience will be provided with basic texts to read before the course begins. Application forms requesting information on field of interest and level of experience may be down-loaded from the WWW site at
http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/ladic/course/forms/register.txt or obtained from:
Prof. James Pawley, Rm. 1235, 1117 W. Johnson Ave., Madison, WI, USA 53706. Phone: 1-608-263-3147, Fax 1-608-265-5315, Email: jbpawley-at-facstaff.wisc.edu
Application deadlines:
Application forms must be received for screening by March 1, 1999. Successful applicants will be notified by April 1, and a deposit of 50% must be received by April 15, 1999. In general, refunds of the deposit will not be possible. The remainder is due before Registration.
DATES: Applications must be received by Mar. 1/99 50% deposit due Apr. 15/99 Registration 4:00 - 7:00 pm Wednesday, June 16, 1999 Last class will end with lunch Sunday, June 27, 1999
3D Image Processing Workshop June 29- July 1, 1999
I realize this is not the best time to post a question to the list, with so many people unsubscribed for the holidays, but here goes. The question has to do with the generation of Cathodoluminescence (CL) in specimens as a function of incident electron energy. Leverenz (1968) has a number, apparently a calculated range, of 0.2 microns for a 6 keV electron in Zn2SiO4 and says that the electron range is proportional to the square of the electron energy in this range. Is there any good more recent data on the penetration depth of electrons in minerals, e.g., silicates, carbonates, as a function of the electron enery,in the range of 5kV to 100 kV?
Don Marshall
Donald J. Marshall Relion Industries P.O. Box 12 Bedford, MA 01730 Ph: 781-275-4695 FAX: 781-271-0252 email dmrelion-at-world.std.com
Happy Holidays, Does anyone know of a company or small contractor who will service Reichert microtomes (other than the more expensive bigger companies like Leica). I recall a company called Tek-net in N.J. but am unsure. Salutaions,
I know it's Christmas day, but I have opened all my prezzies and found your message about penetration depth. You can calculate the average depth of electron peneration using the Bethe range equation. See equation 3.13 Page 88 of SEM-XRMA by Goldstein,Newbury,Echlin,Joy,Romig,Lyman,Fiori & Lifshin. lenum Press NY 1992 which gives all the good stuff. Also use Electron Flight simulator a piece of software which does all the sums for you.
Happy Christmas.
I'm back to the claret and Stilton
Patrick Echlin Multi-Imaging Centre Cambridge University United Kingdom
On Thu, 24 Dec 1998, MICHAEL DELANNOY wrote:
} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ } The Microscopy ListServer -- Sponsor: The Microscopy Society of America } To Subscribe/Unsubscribe -- Send Email to ListServer-at-MSA.Microscopy.Com } On-Line Help http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroscopyListserver/FAQ.html } -----------------------------------------------------------------------. } } } Happy Holidays, } Does anyone know of a company or small contractor who will } service Reichert microtomes (other than the more expensive bigger } companies like Leica). I recall a company called Tek-net in N.J. } but am unsure. Salutaions, } } Mike D } } } }
Happy Christmas everybody Does anybody have an unwanted liquid nitrogen-cooled cold stage suitable = for a Philips 430 TEM, with retractable protective blades? We have = temperature control and transfer systems for Oxford and Gatan systems on = other TEMS, so may only need the specimen holder itself. But we are = looking for the type of holder that can be used to transfer a cold = specimen into the microscope, rather than just cool it down within the = column.=20 Yours in hope Sally
Dr Sally Stowe Facility Coordinator Australian National University EM Unit Research School of Biological Sciences Box 475 ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia FAX 06 (0)2 6279 8525
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You may also try MOC (914-268-6450), we have been using them for a couple of years and they are OK.
-- Michal Jarnik, Ph.D. Fox Chase Cancer Center Electron Microscopy Facility 7701 Burholme Ave. Philadelphia PA 19111 Tel. 215-728-5675 Fax 215-728-2412
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begin:vcard n:Jarnik;Michal x-mozilla-html:FALSE adr:;;;;;; version:2.1 email;internet:M_Jarnik-at-fccc.edu x-mozilla-cpt:;3 fn:Jarnik, Michal end:vcard
Hello.=20 My name is choong keun Yoo and graduate student at hanyang university in korea. I have a question for sample preparation in cross-sectional TEM. i will explain my problems following paragraph.
At first, using Si dummy wafers outside of two ribbons along with epoxy, Si dummy wafers were broken in cutting with diamond saw. So next step is to use moly and copper tubing kit. (ref. attached file) but next problem is that specimen's thickness is too slim to fix to moly and copper kit.=20 And the material putting in the space is so difficult to make and they( side material and specimen) are different in dimpling and ion milling rate. So prepered hole is generated in dimpling. (ref. attached file) So far, i said my problems in experiment
How can i promote my experiment? What method is good for that case? Wanna your help...
Can one of you out there on the listserv suggest a training program for electron microscopy of semiconductors? I'm looking for training in both sample prep techniques and in SEM technique as well. If we aren't likely to upgrade equipment at the moment, upgrading skills would not be a bad idea.
Janet Rice MCC Senior Member Technical Staff rice-at-mcc.com 512-338-3266
We run courses "in house", in your own laboratory on your own equipment, = on all aspects of electron microscopy. Please take a look at our web site f= or more information, we are able to tune a course to any requirement. =
Advantages of using your own equipment are that we are able to see problems that may be due to that particular equipment. AIso imaging on different systems, different specimen detector geometry in the SEM, may give considerably different results,
Steve Chapman
Senior Consultant E.M. Protrain, 16 Hedgerley, Chinnor, Oxford OX9 4TN, England. Tel & Fax 44 (0)1844 353161 Web Site - http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/protrain For Consultancy and Courses in Electron Microscopy World Wide
hi: I'm looking for tissue processing technics using microwave in SEM and TEM. any help is welcome
thanks in advance =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D Fernando D. Balducci Laboratorio de Microscopia Electr=F3nica Facultad de Ingenier=EDa - Bioingenieria Universidad Nacional de Entre Rios Argentina e-mail: microsc-at-fi.uner.edu.ar tel: 54 43 975100 fax: 54 43 975077
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I am looking for information on techniques using optical microscopy to quantify flaws within hardened concrete and grout samples. I am currently using Image Pro 3.0 with the Materials Pro module to quantify images off of a video microscope and am looking for more in-depth information. Thanks.
I would like to sell magnetically levitated turbomolecular pump based - TPU 180, TCM 180, MD4T Balzers - oil-free pumping system ($20420.- original cost a year ago). Alternatively, I would be interested in trading this system in for cryo-pumps. I will be happy to provide more detailed information to or to discuss offers with those who are interested. Marek Malecki.
All interested are invited to apply! This announcement can also be found at: http://www-biology.ucsd.edu/positions/molGenBioChemCell.html
Manager and Electron Microscopist Biology Department Electron Microscopy Facility University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA Job title: Associate Specialist (salary range $42,660-$45,624)
A position is available January 1, 1999, for an individual with extensive expertise in the preparation and analysis of biological materials for electron microscopy. A Ph.D. or M.S. degree in the life sciences with substantial graduate research experience in electron microscopy and a high level of skill in preparation and analysis of samples by transmission electron microscopy are required. Experience with the following techniques is preferred: negative staining and immunogold labelling for TEM, cryofixation and cryosectioning, scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, developing and printing of photographic negatives, and preparation of digital images.
The individual hired will have primary responsibility for all aspects of the Biology Department Electron Microscopy Facility's operation. Essential functions include performing electron microscopy on a fee-for-service basis for a wide range of scientific projects, as well as training and assisting users of the Facility in sample preparation and analysis. The Manager will oversee maintenance of equipment and the Facility in general, as well as record keeping, ordering, and upkeep of supplies.
The facility serves a community of active UCSD and biotech scientists. The Manager of the EM facility will interact with top EM facilities in the La Jolla area. Opportunities for grant writing and involvement in growth of the facility are possible.
Closing date for applications is February 15. Inquiries about the position may be sent to:lsmith-at-biomail.ucsd.edu. Send applications (CV with names, addresses, phone and Fax numbers and email addresses of 3 references) to:
Carrie Garnett Supervisor, Academic Affairs Department of Biology - 0346 UCSD 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0346
UCSD is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer with a strong institutional commitment to the achievement of diversity among its faculty and staff.
Laurie G. Smith Assistant Professor Biology Dept. 0116 U.C.San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 email: lsmith-at-biomail.ucsd.edu telephone: 619-822-2531 (office) 619-822-2558 (lab) fax: 619-534-7108
Only after the last tree has been cut down, only after the last river has been poisoned, only after the last fish has been caught, only then will you find that money can not be eaten.' CREE INDIAN PROPHECY.
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Microscopy/Microscopy Education just added Lisa Montanaro to our staff. She has nearly a decade of experience in this area, having worked for IBM and for Dominion. (She was given the "Best of the Best" award at IBM). Since we specialize in integrating your level of experience, with your equipment and your application, we can tailor a course specifically to fit your needs. Our offices will be open again next Monday. Please call and we can discuss details.
The TEM Service Group in the Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)is considering posting a term position for an Electron Microscopists. The position will be open to all candidates with a technical or professional degree and 1-2 yrs. of related work experience.
The primary job function will be to perform a variety of (S)TEM techniques (as needed) to characterize the microstructure of a wide variety of materials that are utilized and/or are being developed for internal and external programs that LLNL supports. Examples include: Multilayered materials, areo-gels, metallurgical materials, ceramics, etc. Additional duties will include the use and developement of sample preparation techniques for TEM. Basic level experience or working knowledge of conventional, analytical and HREM TEM techniques and associated analysis techniques is required. Knowledge of materials science, metallurgy, computers, software, etc. is desired. USA citizenship is preferred.
The position will be a 1yr term, renewable up to 6 years. The salary range will be =89 $3.5 - 4.5K / month.
Send inquires and/or resumes to:
Mr. Mark A. Wall Sr. Scientific Assoc. L-350 7000 East Ave. C&MS Dir. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA USA 94551
or
Email WALL1-at-LLNL.GOV
Mr. Mark A. Wall Sr. Scientific Assoc. L-350 Chemistry & Materials Science Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA USA 94550
ph: 925 423-7162 fax: 925 422-6892
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